WO2000000296A1 - Composite blade, capable of being used in different technical or industrial fields, in particular in the paper industry and printing - Google Patents

Composite blade, capable of being used in different technical or industrial fields, in particular in the paper industry and printing Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2000000296A1
WO2000000296A1 PCT/FR1999/001540 FR9901540W WO0000296A1 WO 2000000296 A1 WO2000000296 A1 WO 2000000296A1 FR 9901540 W FR9901540 W FR 9901540W WO 0000296 A1 WO0000296 A1 WO 0000296A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
coating
interfacing
strip
substrate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1999/001540
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Guy Romestant
Original Assignee
Radiance
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Radiance filed Critical Radiance
Priority to EP99926546A priority Critical patent/EP1098714A1/en
Priority to AU43755/99A priority patent/AU4375599A/en
Publication of WO2000000296A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000000296A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/02—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface ; Controlling means therefor; Control of the thickness of a coating by spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to the coated surface
    • B05C11/04—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface ; Controlling means therefor; Control of the thickness of a coating by spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to the coated surface with blades
    • B05C11/045—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface ; Controlling means therefor; Control of the thickness of a coating by spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to the coated surface with blades characterised by the blades themselves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F35/00—Cleaning arrangements or devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F9/00—Rotary intaglio printing presses
    • B41F9/06—Details
    • B41F9/08—Wiping mechanisms
    • B41F9/10—Doctors, scrapers, or like devices
    • B41F9/1072—Blade construction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G3/00—Doctors
    • D21G3/005—Doctor knifes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N10/00—Blankets or like coverings; Coverings for wipers for intaglio printing
    • B41N10/005—Coverings for wipers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO PRINTING, LINING MACHINES, TYPEWRITERS, AND TO STAMPS
    • B41P2235/00—Cleaning
    • B41P2235/10—Cleaning characterised by the methods or devices
    • B41P2235/20—Wiping devices
    • B41P2235/21—Scrapers, e.g. absorbent pads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/08—Rearranging applied substances, e.g. metering, smoothing; Removing excess material
    • D21H25/10—Rearranging applied substances, e.g. metering, smoothing; Removing excess material with blades

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composite blade, which can find application in different technical or industrial fields, in particular in the paper industry or printing.
  • the composite blades considered by the present invention comprise: - a strip of a substrate giving the composite blade the essential of its mechanical properties, in particular in terms of mechanical strength, flexibility, etc ..; - And an interfacing coating, linked on one side to the substrate of the strip, directly or indirectly, and adapted on the other side, in particular in shape, to sliding contact with a medium in movement in relative relation to the blade , this medium can have different consistencies, solid, liquid, viscous or pasty; this interfacing coating extends longitudinally in the direction of the blade, and transversely from at least one longitudinal edge, identical or different from the longitudinal edge of the strip of substrate, and at least on one of the faces of this same band.
  • a composite blade as defined above can be used: - in sliding contact with a coating material in relative movement relative to the blade , in which case it is a doctor blade or squeegee, or else a so-called “doctor blade”, for example for cleaning the cylinders, well known to those skilled in the art in the paper industry; - or in direct contact with the external hard surface of a cylinder ("yankee"), in which case it is a scraper, or a creping blade, or even a cleaning blade, also well known to those skilled in the art in the paper industry.
  • the properties or characteristics of the interfacing coating are particularly important for obtaining a coating that meets the requirements of the paper industry, for example in terms of thickness, uniformity, and surface finish.
  • the coating material or "coating sauce” behaving like a non-Newtonian fluid
  • the values of the coefficient of friction and of the surface tension of the interfacing coating with respect to the coating sauce are very important, because these characteristics influence the shear rate of the coating sauce, which in turn determines the regularity or homogeneity of the coating ultimately obtained.
  • the porosity of the contact material of the interfacing coating plays a major role in obtaining a good quality coating.
  • the interfacing coating and / or the material or materials which constitute it must ultimately meet a set of particularly severe requirements, resulting both from their process of production, and from their conditions of implementation in their applications or uses.
  • the composite blade must remain flexible, on the one hand to be handled more easily over unit lengths which can be particularly important, and on the other hand to "absorb" more easily in use any irregularities in thickness of the moving medium, sliding on the interfacing coating. But at the same time, the latter must remain particularly hard, in order to resist, in terms of wear, for as long as possible, to continuous friction with the moving medium treated by the composite blade, in particular in the vicinity of the width edges.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a composite blade as defined above, reconciling hardness and flexibility, and making it possible ultimately to obtain a high performance composite blade. According to the present invention, it has been discovered that the previously noted contradiction can be reconciled by the choice and the cooperation of two characteristics, the first relating to the fine structure of the interfacing coating, and the second relating to the composition of the material or materials constituting said coating.
  • the interfacing coating has, for example on the observation scale of traditional optical microscopy, a lamellar structure comprising several elementary layers of thickness at most equal to 1 5 ⁇ m, coherently linked to each other, and on the other hand at least two elementary layers each each predominantly comprise by weight a crystalline or amorphous ceramic phase of magnelia type, comprising at least one titanium compound corresponding statistically to any one the following sub-stoichiometric formulas, namely:
  • any interfacing coating having the structure and composition defined above has both flexibility and hardness due to its lamellar structure lubricated by the ceramic phase of magnelia type.
  • Each elementary layer comprises a minority by weight of metallic titanium; for example each elementary layer additionally comprises, by weight, metallic titanium; by way of example, each elementary layer comprises a core constituted by metallic titanium, on either side of which are distributed two sublayers of ceramic phase of magnelia type;
  • each elementary layer of the interfacing coating each have at least any one of the technical characteristics defined above; the thickness of each elementary layer of the interfacing coating a, in the active area of the blade according to the length and / or the width of the latter, a thickness between 1 and 1 5 / m, and preferably equal to about 3 microns;
  • the lamellar material of the interfacing coating has a specific mass at least equal to 4000 kg / m 3 , and preferably between 4050 and 5000 kg / m 3 ;
  • the hardness of the interfacing coating is at least equal to 700 Hv (0.3 daN), preferably equal to 1000 Hv (0.3 daN).
  • Composite blades as defined above can be obtained with any method of hot spraying a filler material in the divided state, and in solid form, in particular in powder form.
  • filler material is meant any material comprising in the elementary state and / or in the form of a compound all the chemical constituents required to result in the end of the hot spraying, including after transformation or chemical reaction during the hot spraying, with the composition of the elementary layers of the interfacing coating, previously defined.
  • a particular hot spraying method is implemented according to the following general methods: (a) the strip having a length at least equal to that of the composite strip to be manufactured is available , whose longitudinal edge is rectified, and whose receiving face of the interfacing coating is pickled; (b) the filler material as defined above is available, comprising titanium; (c) the filler material is hot sprayed onto the pickled face, with a flow of a gaseous and hot vehicle, in order to obtain the interfacing coating; (d) optionally correcting the interfacing coating.
  • HVOF hot spraying method
  • the projection step is repeated at least twice, preferably 50 to 300 times, for example approximately 200 times, to obtain as many times, and therefore several successive elementary layers, superimposed and linked to each other in a coherent manner
  • the flow of the gaseous and hot vehicle of step (c) is a combustion flame at supersonic speed, according to the so-called HVOF technique ⁇ "high velocity oxy fuel"), using an oxidizing gas, and a gaseous fuel, for example methane.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a composite blade according to the invention, as used for coating on a strip of paper;
  • FIG. 1 shows a top view of the composite blade, in its position shown in Figure 1, and before use.
  • a composite blade 1 comprises: - a strip 2 of a metal substrate giving the blade most of its mechanical properties;
  • a coating 3 for interfacing bonded on one side to the substrate of the strip 2, and adapted on the other side, in particular in shape and in size, in sliding contact with the coating sauce 4 in relative movement relative to the blade ;
  • the interfacing coating 3 extends longitudinally in the direction of the blade, that is to say perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1, and transversely, that is to say downwards and in the plane of Figure 1, from at least one longitudinal edge 3a, and at least on one 2a of the faces of the strip.
  • the person skilled in the art knows how to adapt, and has described different profiles, in particular bevel, of the coating 3 for interfacing. , and possibly of the strip 2 of the substrate, adapted to each other and to the required coating conditions.
  • the interfacing coating 3 which is in accordance with the present invention, and has one or more of the technical characteristics defined and described above, which will therefore not be repeated.
  • the contact coating 3 adheres directly to the substrate of the strip 2.
  • the substrate of the strip 2 consists of at least one steel, for example by hardened steel, having a grade as used for the manufacture of springs.
  • the longitudinal edge 3a of the interfacing coating 3 is aligned or superimposed with the longitudinal edge 2c of the strip 2.
  • the interfacing coating 3 extends transversely on the face 2a of the strip 2, from the entry edge 3a to an exit edge 3c.
  • this interfacing coating 3 can also extend on the other face 2b of the strip 2.
  • the interfacing coating 3 can be bonded to the strip 2 by an appropriate adhesive intermediate layer, although the direct deposition of the filler material on the substrate of the strip 2 constitutes a preferred method of the invention.
  • the interfacing characteristic (s) of the blade controlled or adjusted by routine tests of different lamellar structures and / or compositions of the elementary layers, are:
  • the porosity of the interfacing coating 3 expressed as a percentage of the internal surface relative to the apparent surface of the interfacing coating; for example, this porosity is less than 5%, in particular so as not to cause micro-scratches on coating;
  • this hardness can vary from 700 to 1,100 Hv (0.3 daN).
  • a composite blade meeting the above characteristics was obtained according to the following process: - starting from a metal strip 2, constituted by a 1% carbon steel, quenched and tempered, whose hardness is 550 Hv (0.3 daN), and the breaking strength of 1,750 N / m 2 ; this strip has a thickness of 0.5 mm and a length of 100 mm;
  • this metal strip is previously sanded, on the face to be coated;
  • a filler material is prepared, by homogeneous mixture of titanium and titanium oxide (anatase and / or magnelia), respectively in weight proportions of 40 to 70% and 30 to 60%; the mixture obtained is sintered and then ground to obtain a powder having a particle size of 15 to 100 ⁇ m; - with HVOF equipment ("Hlgh Velocity Oxygen Flame"), and using combustion of a combustible gas or fuel with oxygen, and with the operating parameters defined above, the filler material obtained previously is deposited in several passes on the strip 2 previously described, in order to obtain an interfacing coating in the active area of the blade ; the final characteristics of this coating are adjusted by adjusting, the flow rate of the powder of the filler material, and the flow rate of the combustible gas and / or the oxidizing gas, of the HVOF equipment; with a sub-stoichiometric proportion of the oxidizing oxygen, the HVOF combustion takes
  • the interfacing coating thus obtained has in particular a hardness of the order of 1000 Hv (0.3 daN), with a porosity less than or equal to 5%, and a total thickness of 300 ⁇ m, each elementary layer having a thickness of the order of 3 ⁇ m.
  • the blade obtained has flexibility in bending, expressed by the minimum diameter of a cylinder on which said blade can be wound without cracking of the interfacing coating, at least equal to 25 cm, preferably equal at
  • the present invention can also be applied to any part subjected to bending, impact, and intense wear, for example the rim of a bicycle wheel.
  • the invention also relates to a part comprising a substrate giving said part the essential of its mechanical properties, an interfacing coating, bonded on one side to said substrate, and adapted on the other side to a sliding contact.
  • the interfacing coating has, on the scale of optical microscopy, a lamellar structure comprising several elementary layers of thickness at most equal to 1 5 ⁇ m, linked in a coherent manner to each other, and on the other hand at least two elementary layers each each predominantly comprise by weight a crystalline or amorphous ceramic phase of magnelia type, comprising at least one titanium compound responding statistically to one any the following sub-stoichiometric formulas, namely:

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a composite blade (1) comprising a substrate strip (2) providing the blade with its main mechanical properties, an interface coating (3), bonded to one surface of said substrate, and adapted on the other surface, in particular, in shape, for sliding contact with a medium relatively mobile with respect to said blade, said interface coating (3) extending longitudinally along said blade direction, and transversely from at least one longitudinal edge (3a) and at least over one (2a) of the strip surfaces. In combination, the interface coating (3) has, in optical microscopy scale, a laminated structure comprising several elementary layers not less than 15 νm thick, coherently bound to one another, and at least two elementary layers each comprise for the most part by weight a crystalline or amorphous ceramic phase of magneli type, comprising at least a titanium compound statistically corresponding to any one of the following sub-stoichiometric formulae, namely: Ti Oy, with 1.8 ¦ y < 2; Ti Nz, with 0.5 ¦ z < 1; Ti Cx with 0.5 ¦ x < 1.

Description

LAME COMPOSITE, POUVANT TROUVER APPLICATION DANS COMPOSITE BLADE, WHICH CAN BE APPLIED IN
DIFFERENTS DOMAINES TECHNIQUES OU INDUSTRIELS, NOTAMMENT DANS L'INDUSTRIE PAPETIERE ET L'IMPRIMERIEDIFFERENT TECHNICAL OR INDUSTRIAL AREAS, ESPECIALLY IN THE PAPER AND PRINTING INDUSTRY
La présente invention concerne une lame composite, pouvant trouver application dans différents domaines techniques ou industriels, notamment dans l'industrie papetiere, ou l'imprimerie.The present invention relates to a composite blade, which can find application in different technical or industrial fields, in particular in the paper industry or printing.
De manière générale, et connue en soi, les lames composites considérées par la présente invention comprennent :-- - une bande d' un substrat conférant à la lame composite l'essentiel de ses propriétés mécaniques, notamment en termes de tenue mécanique, souplesse, etc .. ; - et un revêtement d'interfaçage, lié d 'un côté au substrat de la bande, directement ou indirectement, et adapté de l'autre côté, notamment en forme, à un contact glissant avec un milieu en mouvement relatif par rapport à la lame, ce milieu pouvant avoir différentes consistances, solide, liquide, visqueuse ou pâteuse ; ce revêtement d'interfaçage s'étend longitudinalement selon la direction de la lame, et transversalement à partir d'au moins un bord longitudinal, identique ou différent du bord longitudinal de la bande du substrat, et au moins sur l'une des faces de cette même bande.In general, and known per se, the composite blades considered by the present invention comprise: - a strip of a substrate giving the composite blade the essential of its mechanical properties, in particular in terms of mechanical strength, flexibility, etc ..; - And an interfacing coating, linked on one side to the substrate of the strip, directly or indirectly, and adapted on the other side, in particular in shape, to sliding contact with a medium in movement in relative relation to the blade , this medium can have different consistencies, solid, liquid, viscous or pasty; this interfacing coating extends longitudinally in the direction of the blade, and transversely from at least one longitudinal edge, identical or different from the longitudinal edge of the strip of substrate, and at least on one of the faces of this same band.
La présente invention est maintenant introduite, définie, décrite et explicitée par rapport à l'industrie papetiere, dans laquelle une lame composite telle que définie précédemment peut être utilisée : - en contact glissant avec une matière de couchage en mouvement relatif par rapport à la lame, auquel cas il s'agit d'une racle ou raclette, ou encore d'une lame dite "doctor blade ", par exemple pour le nettoyage des cylindres, bien connue de l'homme du métier dans l'industrie papetiere ; - ou au contact direct de la surface externe et dure d'un cylindre ( "yankee "), auquel cas il s'agit d'un racloir, ou d'une lame de crêpage, ou encore d'une lame de nettoyage, également bien connue de l'homme du métier dans l'industrie papetiere.The present invention is now introduced, defined, described and explained with respect to the paper industry, in which a composite blade as defined above can be used: - in sliding contact with a coating material in relative movement relative to the blade , in which case it is a doctor blade or squeegee, or else a so-called "doctor blade", for example for cleaning the cylinders, well known to those skilled in the art in the paper industry; - or in direct contact with the external hard surface of a cylinder ("yankee"), in which case it is a scraper, or a creping blade, or even a cleaning blade, also well known to those skilled in the art in the paper industry.
S'agissant plus particulièrement des lames composites de couchage, les propriétés ou caractéristiques du revêtement d'interfaçage sont particulièrement importantes pour obtenir un couchage répondant aux exigences de l'industrie papetiere, par exemple en termes d'épaisseur, d'homogénéité, et d'état de surface. Ainsi, la matière de couchage ou "sauce de couchage ", se comportant comme un fluide non newtonien, les valeurs du coefficient de frottement et de la tension superficielle du revêtement d'interfaçage par rapport à la sauce de couchage sont très importantes, car ces caractéristiques influencent le taux de cisaillement de la sauce de couchage, lequel détermine à son tour la régularité ou homogénéité du couchage finalement obtenu. De même, la porosité du matériau de contact du revêtement d'interfaçage joue un rôle prépondérant pour obtenir un couchage de bonne qualité.With regard more particularly to composite coating blades, the properties or characteristics of the interfacing coating are particularly important for obtaining a coating that meets the requirements of the paper industry, for example in terms of thickness, uniformity, and surface finish. Thus, the coating material or "coating sauce", behaving like a non-Newtonian fluid, the values of the coefficient of friction and of the surface tension of the interfacing coating with respect to the coating sauce are very important, because these characteristics influence the shear rate of the coating sauce, which in turn determines the regularity or homogeneity of the coating ultimately obtained. Likewise, the porosity of the contact material of the interfacing coating plays a major role in obtaining a good quality coating.
Le revêtement d'interfaçage et/ou le ou les matériaux qui le constituent doivent répondre en définitive à un ensemble d'exigences particulièrement sévères, résultant aussi bien de leur procédé d'obtention, que de leurs conditions de mise en oeuvre dans leurs applications ou utilisations.The interfacing coating and / or the material or materials which constitute it must ultimately meet a set of particularly severe requirements, resulting both from their process of production, and from their conditions of implementation in their applications or uses.
Certaines de ces exigences sont antagonistes. Ainsi la lame composite doit demeurer souple, d'une part pour être manipulée plus facilement sur des longueurs unitaires qui peuvent être particulièrement importantes, et d 'autre part pour "absorber" plus facilement en utilisation toutes irrégularités en épaisseur du milieu en mouvement, glissant sur le revêtement d'interfaçage. Mais en même temps, ce dernier doit demeurer particulièrement dur, pour résister en termes d'usure, le plus longtemps possible, au frottement continu avec le milieu en mouvement traité par la lame composite, en particulier au voisinage des bordures de laize.Some of these requirements are antagonistic. Thus the composite blade must remain flexible, on the one hand to be handled more easily over unit lengths which can be particularly important, and on the other hand to "absorb" more easily in use any irregularities in thickness of the moving medium, sliding on the interfacing coating. But at the same time, the latter must remain particularly hard, in order to resist, in terms of wear, for as long as possible, to continuous friction with the moving medium treated by the composite blade, in particular in the vicinity of the width edges.
En général, pour de telles lames composites, dureté et souplesse s'opposent, en particulier parce qu'un matériau de contact relativement dur ne dispose de pratiquement aucune élasticité sous tension ou sous contrainte, et par conséquent se fissure ou "s'écaille" en cas de flexion de la lame composite par exemple.In general, for such composite blades, hardness and flexibility are in opposition, in particular because a relatively hard contact material has practically no elasticity under tension or under stress, and consequently crack or "flake" in case of bending of the composite blade for example.
La présente invention a donc pour objet une lame composite telle que définie précédemment, conciliant dureté et souplesse, et permettant d'obtenir en définitive une lame composite à hautes performances. Selon la présente invention, on a découvert que la contradiction précédemment soulignée pouvait être réconciliée par le choix et la coopération de deux caractéristiques, la première tenant à la structure fine du revêtement d'interfaçage, et la seconde tenant à la composition du ou des matériaux constitutifs dudit revêtement.The present invention therefore relates to a composite blade as defined above, reconciling hardness and flexibility, and making it possible ultimately to obtain a high performance composite blade. According to the present invention, it has been discovered that the previously noted contradiction can be reconciled by the choice and the cooperation of two characteristics, the first relating to the fine structure of the interfacing coating, and the second relating to the composition of the material or materials constituting said coating.
Selon la présente invention, en combinaison, d'une part le revêtement d'interfaçage a, par exemple à l'échelle d'observation de la microscopie optique traditionnelle, une structure lamellaire comportant plusieurs couches élémentaires d'épaisseur au plus égale à 1 5 μm, liées de manière cohérente les unes aux autres, et d 'autre part au moins deux couches élémentaires comprennent chacune majoritairement en poids une phase céramique cristalline ou amorphe de type magnélie, comprenant au moins un composé de titane répondant statistiquement à l'une quelconque des formules sous-stoechiométriques suivantes, à savoir :According to the present invention, in combination, on the one hand, the interfacing coating has, for example on the observation scale of traditional optical microscopy, a lamellar structure comprising several elementary layers of thickness at most equal to 1 5 μm, coherently linked to each other, and on the other hand at least two elementary layers each each predominantly comprise by weight a crystalline or amorphous ceramic phase of magnelia type, comprising at least one titanium compound corresponding statistically to any one the following sub-stoichiometric formulas, namely:
- Ti Oy, avec 1 ,8 I y < 2- Ti Oy, with 1.8 I y <2
- Ti Nz, avec 0, 5 I z < 1 - Ti Cx, avec 0, 5 I x < 1- Ti Nz, with 0.5 I z <1 - Ti Cx, with 0.5 I x <1
Une telle structure peut être mise en évidence et caractérisée quant à sa formule statistique stoechiométrique, par les techniques d'analyse radiocristallographique, de microscopie électronique à balayage, et avec une microsonde. Selon la présente invention, on a en effet découvert que tout revêtement d'interfaçage ayant la structure et la composition définie précédemment présente à la fois souplesse et dureté en raison de sa structure lamellaire lubrifiée par la phase céramique de type magnélie.Such a structure can be demonstrated and characterized as regards its stoichiometric statistical formula, by the techniques of radiocrystallographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and with a microprobe. According to the present invention, it has in fact been discovered that any interfacing coating having the structure and composition defined above has both flexibility and hardness due to its lamellar structure lubricated by the ceramic phase of magnelia type.
Une lame composite selon l'invention peut présenter à titre additionnel au moins l'une des caractéristiques techniques suivantes :A composite blade according to the invention may additionally have at least one of the following technical characteristics:
- chaque couche élémentaire comprend minoritairement en poids du titane métallique ; par exemple chaque couche élémentaire comprend complémentairement en poids du titane métallique ; à titre d'exemple chaque couche élémentaire comprend un coeur constitué par du titane métallique, de part et d'autre duquel sont distribuées deux sous- couches de phase céramique de type magnélie ;- Each elementary layer comprises a minority by weight of metallic titanium; for example each elementary layer additionally comprises, by weight, metallic titanium; by way of example, each elementary layer comprises a core constituted by metallic titanium, on either side of which are distributed two sublayers of ceramic phase of magnelia type;
- toutes les couches élémentaires du revêtement d'interfaçage présentent chacune au moins l'une quelconque des caractéristiques techniques définies précédemment ; - l'épaisseur de chaque couche élémentaire du revêtement d'interfaçage a, dans la zone active de la lame selon la longueur et/ou la largeur de cette dernière, une épaisseur comprise entre 1 et 1 5 //m, et préférentiellement égale à environ 3 μm ;- all the elementary layers of the interfacing coating each have at least any one of the technical characteristics defined above; the thickness of each elementary layer of the interfacing coating a, in the active area of the blade according to the length and / or the width of the latter, a thickness between 1 and 1 5 / m, and preferably equal to about 3 microns;
- le matériau lamellaire du revêtement d' interfaçage a une masse spécifique au moins égale à 4000 kg/m3, et préférentiellement comprise entre 4050 et 5000 kg/m3 ;- The lamellar material of the interfacing coating has a specific mass at least equal to 4000 kg / m 3 , and preferably between 4050 and 5000 kg / m 3 ;
- la dureté du revêtement d'interfaçage est au moins égale à 700 Hv (0,3 daN), préférentiellement égale à 1000 Hv (0,3 daN) .the hardness of the interfacing coating is at least equal to 700 Hv (0.3 daN), preferably equal to 1000 Hv (0.3 daN).
Des lames composites telles que définies précédemment peuvent être obtenues avec tout procédé de projection à chaud d 'un matériau d'apport à l'état divisé, et sous forme solide, notamment en poudre. Par "matériau d'apport", on entend tout matériau comprenant à l'état élémentaire et/ou sous forme de composé tous les constituants chimiques requis pour aboutir au terme de la projection à chaud, y compris après transformation ou réaction chimique lors de la projection à chaud, à la composition des couches élémentaires du revêtement d'interfaçage, précédemment définie.Composite blades as defined above can be obtained with any method of hot spraying a filler material in the divided state, and in solid form, in particular in powder form. By "filler material" is meant any material comprising in the elementary state and / or in the form of a compound all the chemical constituents required to result in the end of the hot spraying, including after transformation or chemical reaction during the hot spraying, with the composition of the elementary layers of the interfacing coating, previously defined.
Préférentiellement, selon l'invention, on met en oeuvre un procédé de projection à chaud particulier, dit HVOF, selon les modalités générales suivantes : (a) on dispose de la bande ayant une longueur au moins égale à celle de la lame composite à fabriquer, dont le bord longitudinal est rectifié, et dont la face de réception du revêtement d'interfaçage est décapée ; (b) on dispose du matériau d'apport tel que précédemment défini, comprenant du titane ; (c) on projette à chaud, sur la face décapée, le matériau d'apport, avec un flux d'un véhicule gazeux et chaud, pour obtenir le revêtement d'interfaçage ; (d) on rectifie éventuellement le revêtement d'interfaçage.Preferably, according to the invention, a particular hot spraying method, known as HVOF, is implemented according to the following general methods: (a) the strip having a length at least equal to that of the composite strip to be manufactured is available , whose longitudinal edge is rectified, and whose receiving face of the interfacing coating is pickled; (b) the filler material as defined above is available, comprising titanium; (c) the filler material is hot sprayed onto the pickled face, with a flow of a gaseous and hot vehicle, in order to obtain the interfacing coating; (d) optionally correcting the interfacing coating.
Selon la présente invention, d'une part l'étape de projection est répétée au moins deux fois, préférentiellement 50 à 300 fois, par exemple environ 200 fois, pour obtenir autant de fois, et donc plusieurs couches élémentaires successives, superposées et liées les unes aux autres de manière cohérente, et d'autre part pour chaque étape de projection répétée le flux du véhicule gazeux et chaud de l'étape (c) est une flamme de combustion à vitesse supersonique, selon la technique dite HVOF { "high velocity oxy fuel"), en utilisant un gaz comburant, et un carburant gazeux, par exemple du méthane.According to the present invention, on the one hand the projection step is repeated at least twice, preferably 50 to 300 times, for example approximately 200 times, to obtain as many times, and therefore several successive elementary layers, superimposed and linked to each other in a coherent manner, and on the other hand for each repeated projection step the flow of the gaseous and hot vehicle of step (c) is a combustion flame at supersonic speed, according to the so-called HVOF technique {"high velocity oxy fuel"), using an oxidizing gas, and a gaseous fuel, for example methane.
La présente invention est maintenant décrite par référence au dessin annexé, dans lequel : - la figure 1 représente une vue en coupe d ' une lame composite selon l'invention, telle qu'utilisée pour un couchage sur une bande de papier ;The present invention is now described with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: - Figure 1 shows a sectional view of a composite blade according to the invention, as used for coating on a strip of paper;
- la figure 2 représente une vue de dessus de la lame composite, dans sa position représentée à la figure 1 , et avant son utilisation.- Figure 2 shows a top view of the composite blade, in its position shown in Figure 1, and before use.
De manière traditionnelle, une lame composite 1 comprend : - une bande 2 d 'un substrat métallique conférant à la lame l'essentiel de ses propriétés mécaniques ;Traditionally, a composite blade 1 comprises: - a strip 2 of a metal substrate giving the blade most of its mechanical properties;
- un revêtement 3 d 'interfaçage, lié d 'un côté au substrat de la bande 2, et adapté de l'autre côté, notamment en forme et en dimensions, au contact glissant avec la sauce de couchage 4 en mouvement relatif par rapport à la lame ; le revêtement d'interfaçage 3 s'étend longitudinalement selon la direction de la lame, c'est-à-dire perpendiculairement au plan de la figure 1 , et transversalement, c'est-à- dire vers le bas et dans le plan de la figure 1 , à partir d'au moins un bord longitudinal 3a, et au moins sur l'une 2a des faces de la bande. En fonction des paramètres de couchage, et de l'équipement, notamment porte-lame, dans lequel est montée la lame composite, l'homme du métier sait adapter, et a décrit différents profils, notamment en biseau, du revêtement 3 d'interfaçage, et éventuellement de la bande 2 du substrat, adaptés l'un à l'autre et aux conditions de couchage requises.a coating 3 for interfacing, bonded on one side to the substrate of the strip 2, and adapted on the other side, in particular in shape and in size, in sliding contact with the coating sauce 4 in relative movement relative to the blade ; the interfacing coating 3 extends longitudinally in the direction of the blade, that is to say perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1, and transversely, that is to say downwards and in the plane of Figure 1, from at least one longitudinal edge 3a, and at least on one 2a of the faces of the strip. Depending on the coating parameters, and on the equipment, in particular blade holder, in which the composite blade is mounted, the person skilled in the art knows how to adapt, and has described different profiles, in particular bevel, of the coating 3 for interfacing. , and possibly of the strip 2 of the substrate, adapted to each other and to the required coating conditions.
Conformément à l'invention, c'est le revêtement d'interfaçage 3, qui est conforme à la présente invention, et présente une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques techniques définies et décrites précédemment, qui ne seront donc pas répétées. Comme montré à la figure 1 , le revêtement de contact 3 adhère directement au substrat de la bande 2. Le substrat de la bande 2 est constitué par au moins un acier, par exemple par un acier trempé, ayant une nuance telle qu'utilisée pour la fabrication de ressorts.According to the invention, it is the interfacing coating 3, which is in accordance with the present invention, and has one or more of the technical characteristics defined and described above, which will therefore not be repeated. As shown in FIG. 1, the contact coating 3 adheres directly to the substrate of the strip 2. The substrate of the strip 2 consists of at least one steel, for example by hardened steel, having a grade as used for the manufacture of springs.
Le bord longitudinal 3a du revêtement d 'interfaçage 3 est aligné ou superposé avec le bord 2c longitudinal de la bande 2. Le revêtement d'interfaçage 3 s'étend transversalement sur la face 2a de la bande 2, depuis le bord d 'entrée 3a jusqu'à un bord de sortie 3c. Bien entendu, ce revêtement d ' interfaçage 3 peut également s'étendre sur l'autre face 2b de la bande 2. A titre de variante, le revêtement d'interfaçage 3 peut être lié à la bande 2 par une couche intermédiaire adhésive appropriée, quoique le dépôt direct du matériau d'apport sur le substrat de la bande 2 constitue une modalité préférentielle de l'invention.The longitudinal edge 3a of the interfacing coating 3 is aligned or superimposed with the longitudinal edge 2c of the strip 2. The interfacing coating 3 extends transversely on the face 2a of the strip 2, from the entry edge 3a to an exit edge 3c. Of course, this interfacing coating 3 can also extend on the other face 2b of the strip 2. As a variant, the interfacing coating 3 can be bonded to the strip 2 by an appropriate adhesive intermediate layer, although the direct deposition of the filler material on the substrate of the strip 2 constitutes a preferred method of the invention.
S'agissant du revêtement d' interfaçage, la ou les caractéristiques d'interfaçage de la lame, contrôlées ou réglées par des essais de routine de différentes structures lamellaires et/ou compositions des couches élémentaires, sont :As regards the interfacing coating, the interfacing characteristic (s) of the blade, controlled or adjusted by routine tests of different lamellar structures and / or compositions of the elementary layers, are:
- la porosité du revêtement 3 d'interfaçage, exprimée en pourcentage de la surface interne par rapport à la surface apparente de revêtement d'interfaçage ; par exemple cette porosité est inférieure à 5 %, en particulier pour ne pas provoquer de micro-rayures au couchage ;the porosity of the interfacing coating 3, expressed as a percentage of the internal surface relative to the apparent surface of the interfacing coating; for example, this porosity is less than 5%, in particular so as not to cause micro-scratches on coating;
- et/ou le coefficient de frottement du revêtement 3 d'interfaçage par rapport au milieu 4 en mouvement ;- And / or the coefficient of friction of the coating 3 of interfacing with respect to the moving medium 4;
- et/ou la mouillabilité dynamique de la surface externe 3b du revêtement d'interfaçage 3, au contact du milieu 4 en mouvement ;- And / or the dynamic wettability of the external surface 3b of the interfacing coating 3, in contact with the moving medium 4;
- et/ou la dureté du revêtement d'interfaçage 3 préférentiellement ; cette dureté peut varier de 700 à 1 100 Hv (0,3 daN) .- And / or the hardness of the interfacing coating 3 preferably; this hardness can vary from 700 to 1,100 Hv (0.3 daN).
A titre d'exemple, une lame composite répondant aux caractéristiques précédentes a été obtenue selon le procédé suivant : - on part d'une bande métallique 2, constituée par un acier à 1 % carbone, trempé et revenu, dont la dureté est de 550 Hv (0,3 daN), et la résistance à la rupture de 1 750 N/m2 ; cette bande a une épaisseur de 0,5 mm et une longueur de 100 mm ;By way of example, a composite blade meeting the above characteristics was obtained according to the following process: - starting from a metal strip 2, constituted by a 1% carbon steel, quenched and tempered, whose hardness is 550 Hv (0.3 daN), and the breaking strength of 1,750 N / m 2 ; this strip has a thickness of 0.5 mm and a length of 100 mm;
- cette bande métallique est préalablement sablée, sur la face à revêtir ; - on prépare un matériau d'apport, par mélange homogène de titane et d'oxyde de titane (anatase et/ou magnélie), respectivement dans des proportions pondérales de 40 à 70 % et de 30 à 60 % ; le mélange obtenu est fritte puis broyé pour obtenir une poudre ayant une granulométrie de 1 5 à 100 /.m ; - avec un équipement HVOF { "Hlgh Velocity Oxygen Flame "), et en mettant en oeuvre une combustion d'un gaz combustible ou carburant avec de l'oxygène, et avec les paramètres opératoires définis ci-dessus, on dépose en plusieurs passes, le matériau d'apport obtenu précédemment sur la bande 2 précédemment décrite, pour obtenir un revêtement d'interfaçage dans la zone active de la lame ; les caractéristiques finales de ce revêtement sont ajustées en réglant, le débit de la poudre du matériau d'apport, et le débit du gaz combustible et/ou du gaz comburant, de l'équipement HVOF ; avec une proportion sous-stoechiométrique de l'oxygène comburant, la combustion HVOF s'effectue en conditions réductrices, nécessaires à l'obtention de la phase magnélie de l'oxyde de titane, déficitaire en oxygène ; on effectue 200 passes, avec un refroidissement puissant, par circulation continue et en boucle de la bande métallique devant la buse HVOF.- this metal strip is previously sanded, on the face to be coated; - A filler material is prepared, by homogeneous mixture of titanium and titanium oxide (anatase and / or magnelia), respectively in weight proportions of 40 to 70% and 30 to 60%; the mixture obtained is sintered and then ground to obtain a powder having a particle size of 15 to 100 µm; - with HVOF equipment ("Hlgh Velocity Oxygen Flame"), and using combustion of a combustible gas or fuel with oxygen, and with the operating parameters defined above, the filler material obtained previously is deposited in several passes on the strip 2 previously described, in order to obtain an interfacing coating in the active area of the blade ; the final characteristics of this coating are adjusted by adjusting, the flow rate of the powder of the filler material, and the flow rate of the combustible gas and / or the oxidizing gas, of the HVOF equipment; with a sub-stoichiometric proportion of the oxidizing oxygen, the HVOF combustion takes place under reducing conditions, necessary for obtaining the magnelia phase of the titanium oxide, deficient in oxygen; 200 passes are made, with powerful cooling, by continuous and looping circulation of the metal strip in front of the HVOF nozzle.
Le revêtement d' interfaçage ainsi obtenu présente en particulier une dureté de l'ordre de 1000 Hv (0,3 daN), avec une porosité inférieure ou égale à 5 %, et une épaisseur totale de 300 μm, chaque couche élémentaire ayant une épaisseur de l'ordre de 3 μm.The interfacing coating thus obtained has in particular a hardness of the order of 1000 Hv (0.3 daN), with a porosity less than or equal to 5%, and a total thickness of 300 μm, each elementary layer having a thickness of the order of 3 μm.
Avec le procédé décrit précédemment, la lame obtenue présente une souplesse à la flexion, exprimée par le diamètre minimum d'un cylindre sur lequel ladite lame peut être enroulée sans fissuration du revêtement d'interfaçage, au moins égale à 25 cm, de préférence égale àWith the method described above, the blade obtained has flexibility in bending, expressed by the minimum diameter of a cylinder on which said blade can be wound without cracking of the interfacing coating, at least equal to 25 cm, preferably equal at
30 cm.30 cm.
La présente invention peut également être appliquée à toute pièce soumise à une flexion, à des chocs, et à une usure intense, par exemple la jante d'une roue de bicyclette. A ce titre l'invention concerne aussi une pièce comprenant un substrat conférant à ladite pièce l'essentiel de ses propriétés mécaniques, un revêtement d'interfaçage, lié d'un côté audit substrat, et adapté de l'autre côté à un contact glissant avec un organe d'usure, caractérisée en ce que, en combinaison, d'une part le revêtement d'interfaçage a, à l'échelle de la microscopie optique, une structure lamellaire comportant plusieurs couches élémentaires d'épaisseur au plus égale à 1 5 μm, liées de manière cohérente les unes aux autres, et d'autre part au moins deux couches élémentaires comprennent chacune majoritairement en poids une phase céramique cristalline ou amorphe de type magnélie, comprenant au moins un composé de titane répondant statistiquement à l' une quelconque des formules sous-stoechiométriques suivantes, à savoir :The present invention can also be applied to any part subjected to bending, impact, and intense wear, for example the rim of a bicycle wheel. As such, the invention also relates to a part comprising a substrate giving said part the essential of its mechanical properties, an interfacing coating, bonded on one side to said substrate, and adapted on the other side to a sliding contact. with a wear member, characterized in that, in combination, on the one hand, the interfacing coating has, on the scale of optical microscopy, a lamellar structure comprising several elementary layers of thickness at most equal to 1 5 μm, linked in a coherent manner to each other, and on the other hand at least two elementary layers each each predominantly comprise by weight a crystalline or amorphous ceramic phase of magnelia type, comprising at least one titanium compound responding statistically to one any the following sub-stoichiometric formulas, namely:
- Ti Oy, avec 1 ,8 < y < 2- Ti Oy, with 1.8 <y <2
- Ti Nz, avec 0, 5 < z < 1- Ti Nz, with 0.5 <z <1
- Ti Cx, avec 0,5 < x < 1 - Ti Cx, with 0.5 <x <1

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 ) Lame composite ( 1 ) comprenant une bande (2) d' un substrat conférant à ladite lame l'essentiel de ses propriétés mécaniques, un revêtement (3) d'interfaçage, lié d' un côté audit substrat, et adapté de l'autre côté, notamment en forme, à un contact glissant avec un milieu (4) en mouvement relatif par rapport à ladite lame, ledit revêtement d'interfaçage (3) s'étendant longitudinalement selon la direction de ladite lame, et transversalement à partir d'au moins un bord longitudinal (3a), et au moins sur l' une (2a) des faces de la bande, caractérisée en ce qu'en combinaison, d'une part le revêtement d 'interfaçage (3) a, à l'échelle de la microscopie optique, une structure lamellaire comportant plusieurs couches élémentaires d'épaisseur au plus égale à 1 5 μm, liées de manière cohérente les unes aux autres, et d 'autre part au moins deux couches élémentaires comprennent chacune majoritairement en poids une phase céramique cristalline ou amorphe de type magnélie, comprenant au moins un composé de titane répondant statistiquement à l' une quelconque des formules sous-stoechiométriques suivantes, à savoir :1) composite blade (1) comprising a strip (2) of a substrate giving said blade most of its mechanical properties, an interface coating (3), bonded on one side to said substrate, and adapted from the on the other side, in particular in shape, in sliding contact with a medium (4) in relative movement relative to said blade, said interfacing coating (3) extending longitudinally in the direction of said blade, and transversely from at least one longitudinal edge (3a), and at least on one (2a) of the faces of the strip, characterized in that, in combination, on the one hand the interfacing coating (3) a, the scale of optical microscopy, a lamellar structure comprising several elementary layers of thickness at most equal to 1 5 μm, linked in a coherent manner to each other, and on the other hand at least two elementary layers each each predominantly by weight a crystalline or amorphous ceramic phase of magnelia type, comprising at least one titanium compound statistically corresponding to any one of the following substoichiometric formulas, namely:
- Ti Oy, avec 1 ,8 I y < 2- Ti Oy, with 1.8 I y <2
- Ti Nz, avec 0,5 I z < 1 - Ti Cx, avec 0,5 I x < 1- Ti Nz, with 0.5 I z <1 - Ti Cx, with 0.5 I x <1
2) Lame selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce chaque couche élémentaire comprend minoritairement en poids du titane métallique.2) Blade according to claim 1, characterized in that each elementary layer comprises a minority by weight of metallic titanium.
3) Lame selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que chaque couche élémentaire comprend complémentairement en poids du titane métallique.3) Blade according to claim 2, characterized in that each elementary layer additionally comprises, by weight, metallic titanium.
4) Lame selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisée en ce que chaque couche élémentaire comprend un coeur constitué par du titane métallique, de part et d'autre duquel sont distribuées deux sous-couches de phase céramique de type magnélie.4) Blade according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that each elementary layer comprises a core consisting of metallic titanium, on either side of which are distributed two sublayers of ceramic phase of magnelia type.
5) Lame selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que toutes les couches élémentaires du revêtement d'interfaçage répondent chacune à la définition de l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 6.5) Blade according to claim 1, characterized in that all the elementary layers of the interfacing coating each meet the definition of any one of claims 2 to 6.
6) Lame selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que chaque couche élémentaire du revêtement d'interfaçage, a, dans la zone active de la lame et selon la longueur et/ou la largeur de cette dernière, une épaisseur comprise entre 1 et 1 5 μm, et préférentiellement égale à environ 3 μm.6) Blade according to claim 1, characterized in that each elementary layer of the interfacing coating has, in the active zone of the blade and according to the length and / or the width of the latter, a thickness of between 1 and 15 μm, and preferably equal to approximately 3 μm.
7) Lame selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que le matériaux lamellaire du revêtement d'interfaçage a une masse spécifique au moins égale à 4000 kg/m3, et préférentiellement comprise entre 4050 et 5000 kg/m3.7) Blade according to claim 1, characterized in that the lamellar material of the interfacing coating has a specific mass at least equal to 4000 kg / m 3 , and preferably between 4050 and 5000 kg / m 3 .
8) Lame selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que la dureté du revêtement d'interfaçage est au moins égale à 700 Hv (0,3 daN), préférentiellement égale à 1000 Hv (0,3 daN. 9) Lame selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que la souplesse à la flexion de ladite lame, exprimée par le diamètre minimum d'un cylindre sur lequel ladite lame peut être enroulée sans fissuration du revêtement d'interfaçage, est au moins égale à 25 cm, de préférence égale à 30 cm. 10) Lame selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que le revêtement d'interfaçage (3) adhère directement au substrat de la bande (2) .8) Blade according to claim 1, characterized in that the hardness of the interfacing coating is at least equal to 700 Hv (0.3 daN), preferably equal to 1000 Hv (0.3 daN. 9) Blade according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexibility in bending of said blade, expressed by the minimum diameter of a cylinder on which said blade can be wound without cracking of the interfacing coating, is at least equal to 25 cm, preferably equal at 30 cm. 10) Blade according to claim 1, characterized in that the interfacing coating (3) adheres directly to the substrate of the strip (2).
1 1 ) Lame selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que le revêtement d'interfaçage (3) est lié à la bande (2) par une couche intermédiaire adhésive.1 1) Blade according to claim 1, characterized in that the interfacing coating (3) is bonded to the strip (2) by an adhesive intermediate layer.
12) Pièce comprenant un substrat conférant à ladite pièce l'essentiel de ses propriétés mécaniques, un revêtement d'interfaçage, lié d'un côté audit substrat, et adapté de l'autre côté à un contact glissant avec un organe d'usure, caractérisé en ce que, en combinaison, d'une part le revêtement d'interfaçage a, à l'échelle de la microscopie optique, une structure lamellaire comportant plusieurs couches élémentaires d'épaisseur au plus égale à 1 5 μm, liées de manière cohérente les unes aux autres, et d'autre part au moins deux couches élémentaires comprennent chacune majoritairement en poids une phase céramique cristalline ou amorphe de type magnélie, comprenant au moins un composé de titane répondant statistiquement à l'une quelconque des formule sous-stoechiométriques suivantes, à savoir : - Ti Oy, avec 1 ,8 < y < 212) Part comprising a substrate giving said part most of its mechanical properties, an interfacing coating, bonded on one side to said substrate, and adapted on the other side to sliding contact with a wear member, characterized in that, in combination, on the one hand, the interfacing coating has, on the scale of optical microscopy, a lamellar structure comprising several elementary layers of thickness at most equal to 1 5 μm, linked in a coherent manner to each other, and on the other hand at least two elementary layers each each predominantly by weight a crystalline or amorphous ceramic phase of magnelia type, comprising at least one titanium compound corresponding statistically to any of the following substoichiometric formulas , namely: - Ti Oy, with 1, 8 <y <2
- Ti Nz, avec 0, 5 < z < 1- Ti Nz, with 0.5 <z <1
- Ti Cx, avec 0, 5 < x < 1 13) Procédé de fabrication d ' une lame composite ( 1 ) comprenant une bande (2) d'un substrat conférant à ladite lame l'essentiel de ses propriétés mécaniques, un revêtement (3) d 'interfaçage, lié d' un côté audit substrat, et adapté de l'autre côté, notamment en forme, à un contact glissant avec un milieu (4) en mouvement relatif par rapport à ladite lame, ledit revêtement d'interfaçage (3) s'étendant longitudinalement selon la direction de ladite lame, et transversalement à partir d'au moins un bord longitudinal (3a), et au moins sur l' une (2a) des faces de la bande, selon lequel : (a) on dispose de la bande (2) ayant une longueur au moins égale à celle de la lame composite à fabriquer, dont le bord longitudinal (3a) est rectifié, et dont ladite face (2a) est décapée ; (b) on dispose d 'un matériau d'apport, à l'état divisé et sous forme solide, par exemple sous forme de poudre ; (c) on projette à chaud, sur la face (2a) décapée, le matériau d'apport, avec un flux d'un véhicule gazeux et chaud, pour obtenir le revêtement d'interfaçage (3) ; (d) on rectifie éventuellement le revêtement d'interfaçage (3). caractérisée en ce que d'une part, l'étape de projection est répétée au moins deux fois, pour obtenir au moins deux couches élémentaires successives, superposées et liées les unes aux autres de manière cohérente, et d'autre part, pour chaque étape de projection répétée, le flux du véhicule gazeux et chaud est une flamme de combustion à vitesse supersonique, selon la technique HVOF { "High Velocity Oxy Fuel"), en utilisant un carburant et un comburant comprenant de l'oxygène dans une proportion sous-stoechiométrique par rapport audit carburant.- Ti Cx, with 0.5 <x <1 13) Method for manufacturing a composite blade (1) comprising a strip (2) of a substrate giving said blade most of its mechanical properties, a coating (3) for interfacing, bonded on one side to said substrate, and adapted on the other side, in particular in shape, to sliding contact with a medium (4) in relative motion relative to said blade, said interfacing coating (3) extending longitudinally in the direction of said blade, and transversely from at least one longitudinal edge (3a), and at least on one (2a) of the faces of the strip, according to which: (a) there is the strip (2) having a length at least equal to that of the composite blade to be manufactured, whose longitudinal edge (3a) is rectified, and whose said face (2a) is etched; (b) a filler material is available, in the divided state and in solid form, for example in powder form; (c) the filler material is hot sprayed onto the stripped face (2a) with a flow of a gaseous and hot vehicle, in order to obtain the interfacing coating (3); (d) if necessary, the interfacing coating (3) is rectified. characterized in that on the one hand, the projection step is repeated at least twice, to obtain at least two successive elementary layers, superimposed and linked to each other in a coherent manner, and on the other hand, for each step of repeated projection, the flow of the gaseous and hot vehicle is a combustion flame at supersonic speed, according to the HVOF technique ("High Velocity Oxy Fuel"), using a fuel and an oxidizer comprising oxygen in a sub-proportion stoichiometric with respect to said fuel.
14) Procédé selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de projection est répétée de 50 à 300 fois, et préférentiellement environ 200 fois. 14) Method according to claim 14, characterized in that the projection step is repeated from 50 to 300 times, and preferably about 200 times.
PCT/FR1999/001540 1998-06-29 1999-06-25 Composite blade, capable of being used in different technical or industrial fields, in particular in the paper industry and printing WO2000000296A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99926546A EP1098714A1 (en) 1998-06-29 1999-06-25 Composite blade, capable of being used in different technical or industrial fields, in particular in the paper industry and printing
AU43755/99A AU4375599A (en) 1998-06-29 1999-06-25 Composite blade, capable of being used in different technical or industrial fields, in particular in the paper industry and printing

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR98/08433 1998-06-29
FR9808433A FR2780318B1 (en) 1998-06-29 1998-06-29 COMPOSITE BLADE, WHICH CAN BE APPLIED IN DIFFERENT TECHNICAL OR INDUSTRIAL FIELDS, PARTICULARLY IN THE PAPER AND PRINTING INDUSTRY

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000000296A1 true WO2000000296A1 (en) 2000-01-06

Family

ID=9528154

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FR1999/001540 WO2000000296A1 (en) 1998-06-29 1999-06-25 Composite blade, capable of being used in different technical or industrial fields, in particular in the paper industry and printing

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1098714A1 (en)
AU (1) AU4375599A (en)
FR (1) FR2780318B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2000000296A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004038098A1 (en) * 2002-10-22 2004-05-06 Pikoblade Oy Method and apparatus for making a wear resistant plating on a coating blade or the like
WO2004038097A1 (en) * 2002-10-22 2004-05-06 Pikoblade Oy Wear resistant coating blade or a corresponding blade for the treatment of a paper web
WO2011035968A1 (en) * 2009-09-23 2011-03-31 Voith Patent Gmbh Blade coating

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006001336A1 (en) * 2006-01-09 2007-07-12 Martin Bauer Creping doctor, method of making a creping doctor and using a creping doctor
CA2640206A1 (en) * 2008-10-02 2010-04-02 Hydro-Quebec Composite materials for wettable cathodes and use of same for aluminum production
DE102010062901A1 (en) * 2010-12-13 2012-06-14 Voith Patent Gmbh Impregnated blade coating
CN108555294A (en) * 2018-05-03 2018-09-21 佛山九陌科技信息咨询有限公司 A kind of self-lubricating ceramic material and preparation method thereof

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2128551A (en) * 1982-10-13 1984-05-02 Inventing Ab Scraper with wear-resistant coating
JPS63116852A (en) * 1986-11-05 1988-05-21 Toppan Printing Co Ltd Doctor blade
GB2295400A (en) * 1994-11-01 1996-05-29 Plasma Coatings Ltd Blade and manufacture thereof using high velocity flame spraying
FR2748759A1 (en) * 1996-05-15 1997-11-21 Kroff Laurent Composite blade for paper making or coating

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2128551A (en) * 1982-10-13 1984-05-02 Inventing Ab Scraper with wear-resistant coating
JPS63116852A (en) * 1986-11-05 1988-05-21 Toppan Printing Co Ltd Doctor blade
GB2295400A (en) * 1994-11-01 1996-05-29 Plasma Coatings Ltd Blade and manufacture thereof using high velocity flame spraying
FR2748759A1 (en) * 1996-05-15 1997-11-21 Kroff Laurent Composite blade for paper making or coating

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 360 (M - 746) 27 September 1988 (1988-09-27) *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004038098A1 (en) * 2002-10-22 2004-05-06 Pikoblade Oy Method and apparatus for making a wear resistant plating on a coating blade or the like
WO2004038097A1 (en) * 2002-10-22 2004-05-06 Pikoblade Oy Wear resistant coating blade or a corresponding blade for the treatment of a paper web
WO2011035968A1 (en) * 2009-09-23 2011-03-31 Voith Patent Gmbh Blade coating
CN102648317A (en) * 2009-09-23 2012-08-22 沃依特专利有限责任公司 Blade coating
US9044777B2 (en) 2009-09-23 2015-06-02 Voith Patent Gmbh Blade coating

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4375599A (en) 2000-01-17
FR2780318A1 (en) 1999-12-31
EP1098714A1 (en) 2001-05-16
FR2780318B1 (en) 2000-09-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0333244B1 (en) Sound insulating and/or vibration-damping cover, element incorporating such a cover, and method of applying the latter
EP1098714A1 (en) Composite blade, capable of being used in different technical or industrial fields, in particular in the paper industry and printing
EP1883954B1 (en) Uniform chemical etching method
EP0296055B1 (en) Process for producing a composite thermostable abrasive product
WO1994013426A1 (en) Material and method for forming a protective coating on a copper-based alloy substrate
FR2474058A1 (en) POWDER FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A THERMAL PROJECTION PROTECTIVE LAYER
WO2006034674A1 (en) Production of a gas-tight, crystalline mullite layer by using a thermal spraying method
EP1636399B1 (en) Coating for a mechanical part, comprising at least one hydrogenated amorphous carbon, and method of depositing one such coating
EP1770078A2 (en) Process for wear protectiion of a high temperature resistant ceramic matrix composite material workpiece and coating and workpiece obtained thereby
EP0345241B1 (en) Method for producing a laminated section comprising a corrugated part, and installation therefor
FR2748759A1 (en) Composite blade for paper making or coating
EP0954619B1 (en) Method and device for producing a coating on a substrate
WO2020165530A1 (en) Method of additive manufacturing with separation via a frangible zone
FR2989295A1 (en) METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING LASER WELDED THREAD YARN WITH PREPARABLE PREPARATION OF THE STRIP EDGES
WO2021214400A1 (en) Composition for additive manufacturing
FR2656876A1 (en) FILLER METAL COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR ITS USE.
EP1214462B1 (en) Method for making a metal part coated with diamond and metal part obtained by said method
EP4330441A1 (en) Method for manufacturing a part comprising a metal substrate covered with a protective layer and a part manufactured according to this method
WO2023209313A1 (en) Method for manufacturing a part comprising a metal substrate covered with a protective layer
FR2763603A1 (en) COMPOSITE BLADE FOR USE IN PARTICULAR IN THE PAPER INDUSTRY
FR2663955A1 (en) FILAMENT-REINFORCED CONICAL ARTICLE AND FORMING METHOD.
FR2792217A1 (en) Motor vehicle engine exhaust gas treatment device has gas treatment unit containing crescent-shaped, metallic fibers coated with gas treatment catalytic material
FR2798397A1 (en) Fabrication of a metallic component for biomedical of aerospace applications coated with nanocrystalline diamond layer with intermediate graphite and amorphous carbon adhering layer diffused into substrate
WO2022079392A1 (en) Friction spacer
Gassot et al. Mechanical characterization of copper coatings realized by thermal spraying; Caracterisations mecaniques des depots de cuivre realises par projection thermique

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SL SZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1999926546

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 09720776

Country of ref document: US

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1999926546

Country of ref document: EP

WWR Wipo information: refused in national office

Ref document number: 1999926546

Country of ref document: EP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 1999926546

Country of ref document: EP