WO1999048104A1 - Dispositif et procede pour evacuer de la vapeur - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede pour evacuer de la vapeur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999048104A1
WO1999048104A1 PCT/DE1999/000618 DE9900618W WO9948104A1 WO 1999048104 A1 WO1999048104 A1 WO 1999048104A1 DE 9900618 W DE9900618 W DE 9900618W WO 9948104 A1 WO9948104 A1 WO 9948104A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pipe
blow
steam
cooling liquid
ventilation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1999/000618
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Johann Meseth
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to DE19980445T priority Critical patent/DE19980445D2/de
Publication of WO1999048104A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999048104A1/fr
Priority to FI20002054A priority patent/FI117527B/fi

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
    • G21C9/004—Pressure suppression
    • G21C9/012—Pressure suppression by thermal accumulation or by steam condensation, e.g. ice condensers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for blowing off steam in a nuclear power plant.
  • a so-called blow-off pipe can be provided, via which steam can be blown off from a pressure chamber, in particular from a reactor pressure vessel, if the pressure in the pressure chamber exceeds a predetermined value.
  • the steam blown off via the blow-off pipe is passed into a cooling liquid, where it condenses.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device and a method for blowing off steam, in which an undesired suction of a cooling liquid into a blow-off pipe is effectively avoided.
  • a blow-off pipe ends in a cooling liquid located in a chamber, and in that the interior of the blow-off pipe is connected via a permanently open flow path to a ventilation opening which opens into a gas area outside the cooling liquid.
  • connection of the interior of the blow-off pipe with the gas region containing a gas or a gaseous fluid ensures that no unacceptably strong negative pressure can build up in the blow-off pipe. Differences in pressure between the gas space and the interior are largely compensated for immediately via the open flow path.
  • the blow-off pipe is therefore virtually ventilated. This effectively prevents the coolant from being sucked into the blow-off pipe beyond the fill level of the coolant in the chamber.
  • a major advantage is the design of the flow path as an open flow path. Ie he cannot lock sen and no means for closing the flow path, such as valves, are provided.
  • the venting of the blow-off pipe is based on self-regulating physical pressure effects and is purely passive. So there are no active components that have to be controlled externally.
  • the ventilation device selected for the blow-off pipe with the open flow path is maintenance-free, since no moving parts are required for functionality.
  • Flow path and ventilation opening can be formed by a simple recess in the wall of the blow-off pipe.
  • a ventilation pipe is preferably provided, in which the flow path runs. In this way, flow-technically simple guidance of steam flowing out of the blow-off pipe via the ventilation pipe or gas flowing in via the ventilation pipe is achieved.
  • the flow path is configured in such a way that the flow resistance for steam flowing out of the blow-off pipe, the so-called flow resistance, is greater than the inflow resistance for gas flowing into the blow-off pipe.
  • the different flow resistance as a function of the direction of flow causes the smallest possible proportion of the steam to flow off via the flow path.
  • This outflowing steam is also referred to as steam leakage flow.
  • the outflow resistance is preferably determined by a so-called on-board mouth. With the arrangement of the on-board mouth, the effective flow cross-section in the outflow direction is reduced compared to the effective flow cross-section in the opposite inflow direction.
  • a flow limiter is preferably provided, which is a swirl element for generating a swirl flow of the outflowing steam and is connected in the flow path.
  • the swirl element causes the pressurized steam to rotate, in particular when it enters the flow path.
  • its axial flow velocity decreases and the outflow resistance is significantly greater than the inflow resistance for an inflowing purely axial flow without swirl.
  • the flow path is guided in such a way that outflowing steam condenses through direct or indirect contact with the cooling liquid. This avoids an unnecessarily high pressure build-up in the chamber.
  • the blow-off pipe can be connected to the blow-off pipe both below and above the fill level of the cooling liquid.
  • the ventilation pipe is preferably connected to the blow-off pipe below the fill level of the cooling liquid.
  • the ventilation pipe is therefore at least partially guided through the coolant. Outflowing steam therefore already condenses in the ventilation pipe through indirect contact with the coolant via the pipe wall of the ventilation pipe.
  • the ventilation pipe advantageously extends at least partially helically around the blow-off pipe in order to obtain high stability and a large flow path through the cooling liquid.
  • the ventilation opening is preferably directed downwards onto the cooling liquid.
  • the ventilation pipe runs in a particularly falling manner towards the ventilation opening, so that escaping steam comes into direct contact with the cooling liquid, thereby giving off its heat to the cooling liquid and condensing.
  • the blow-off tube is encased in a protective tube. This version represents a redundant design of the blow-off pipe, so that if the blow-off pipe breaks, the protective pipe can take over its function.
  • a recess is preferably provided in the protective tube, through which the ventilation tube is guided at a predetermined distance, in particular a play, so that the protective tube and blow-off tube can move relative to one another without the ventilation tube being loaded.
  • a shifting of the protective tube relative to the blow-off tube typically occurs under thermal loads.
  • a cover for the leakage opening is advantageously provided.
  • the blow-off pipe preferably opens into a condensation chamber and / or into a flood basin of a boiling water nuclear power plant.
  • the object directed to a method for blowing off steam is achieved according to the invention by blowing off the steam for a limited time through a blow-off pipe into a cooling liquid located in a chamber, and then largely increasing the pressure in the blow-off pipe to the pressure in the environment outside the blow-off pipe is adjusted in that a gas from a gas area, which is located in the chamber above the cooling liquid, flows into the blow-off pipe via a permanently open flow path due to a negative pressure prevailing there.
  • the cooling liquid is largely prevented from being sucked into the outflow pipe above the level of the cooling liquid in the chamber.
  • FIG. 1 shows a roughly simplified illustration of a safety container of a boiling water reactor nuclear power plant
  • FIG. 3 shows an enlarged illustration of the area marked with a circle in FIG. 2, which shows a nozzle with a mouth of the drone,
  • FIG. 7 shows a blow-off tube encased by a protective tube
  • FIG. 8 shows an enlarged illustration of the area marked with a circle in FIG. 6, which shows a cover for a leakage opening
  • FIG. 9 shows the arrangement of a flow limiter, which is partially arranged inside a blow-off pipe and extends into a ventilation pipe.
  • a reactor pressure vessel 4 is arranged centrally in the safety vessel 2 of a boiling water nuclear power plant.
  • a largely closed condensation 7 chamber 6 provided to the side of the reactor pressure vessel 4 .
  • An upwardly open flood basin 8 is arranged above the condensation chamber 6.
  • the flood basin 8 forms with the central area around the reactor pressure vessel 4 a common pressure space, which is referred to as the pressure chamber 9.
  • Flood basin 8 and condensation chamber 6 are divided against each other and towards the pressure chamber 9 via partitions 10.
  • Both the flood basin 8 and the condensation chamber 6 are filled with a cooling liquid f, in particular water, up to a fill level n, and above the cooling liquid f there is a gas space 8a and a gas space 6a, respectively, in which there is a gas or gaseous medium located.
  • the cooling liquid f is used for emergency cooling and for reducing the pressure in the safety container 2 in the event of a malfunction if the pressure in the pressure chamber 9 exceeds a predetermined value. This occurs, for example, when a steam line breaks inside the security container 2.
  • a flood line 11 is provided, for example, from the flood basin 8 to the reactor pressure vessel 4.
  • blow-off pipe 12 opens into the cooling liquid f of the flood basin 8 and according to the second alternative, the blow-off pipe 12 opens into the cooling liquid f of the condensation chamber 6.
  • the blow-off pipes 12 are each connected to the reactor pressure vessel 4 in terms of flow. They can be closed by a safety / relief valve 14. In the event of a pressure rise in the reactor pressure vessel 4 above a critical value, the safety / relief valve 14 is opened, so that steam is blown out of the reactor pressure vessel 4 via the blow-off pipe 12 and flows into the cooling liquid f from outlet openings 17 provided on the end piece 16 of the blow-off pipe 12 and condensed there.
  • the safety / relief valve 14 closes when the pressure in the reactor pressure vessel 4 has fallen below a predetermined value again. During the blow-off, the discharge pipes 12 are completely filled with steam. After the safety / relief valve 14 has been closed, cooling liquid f flows into the blow-off pipe 12 via the end openings 17. Since the steam still present in the blow-off tube 12 cools and condenses, a vacuum is created in the interior 19 of the blow-off tube 12, so that the cooling liquid f is sucked up in the blow-off tube 12 to a level which is above the fill level n in the flood basin 8 or in the condensation chamber 6 lies. Under certain circumstances, the cooling liquid f reaches the safety / relief valve 14, which is now exposed to the cold cooling liquid f after the hot steam and thus to severe thermal loads.
  • the blow-off pipe 12 coming from the pressure chamber 9, is first led horizontally through a partition 10 and then opens, for example, into the flood basin 8.
  • the safety / relief valve 14 is in the blow-off pipe 12 switched.
  • the blow-off pipe 12 bends by approximately 90 ° and extends vertically downward into the cooling liquid f, which reaches the fill level n.
  • the end piece 16 is arranged perpendicular to the blow-off pipe 12 and extending in a horizontal direction.
  • the end piece 16 has a plurality of outlet openings 17 through which the steam can flow out of the blow-off pipe 12 or the cooling liquid f can flow into the blow-off pipe 12.
  • a ventilation opening 18 is provided in the upper section of the blow-off tube 12, in which it runs horizontally above the fill level n. It stands over a ventilation pipe 20 and over a nozzle 22, which in particular has an on-board mouth 23, with the interior 19 of the blow-off pipe 12 in connection. In this case, the flow path is formed by the ventilation opening 18, the ventilation pipe 20 and the nozzle 22.
  • the vent pipe 20 extends vertically downward from the lower side of the blow-off pipe 12 directed towards the cooling liquid f, so that any escaping steam for condensation hits the surface of the cooling liquid f.
  • the ventilation opening 18 is arranged, for example, about 1 m, in particular 0.3 m, above the fill level n of the cooling liquid f in the gas region 8a of the flood basin 8. Since the ventilation pipe 20 and the ventilation opening 18 can be flowed through in both directions, these can alternatively also be referred to as ventilation pipes or ventilation openings.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 show a fill level which is in the Blow-off pipe 12 after blowing off steam and after closing the safety / relief valve 14 is generally not exceeded.
  • FIG. 3 the section marked with a circle in FIG. 2 around the nozzle 22 is shown enlarged. It can be seen from FIG. 3 that the vent pipe 20 and the nozzle 22 are welded to the outer wall 25 of the blow-off pipe 12 via welding spots 24.
  • the vent pipe 20 is connected to the interior 19 exclusively via the nozzle 22, which is arranged largely centrally in its interior.
  • the nozzle 22 extends into the interior 19 and points 10 there has an inner opening designed as a rim opening 23.
  • a mouth of the bord is defined as a "nozzle-shaped outflow opening, which is formed by attaching an inwardly directed, sharp-edged pipe section to a circular wall opening.
  • the on-board mouth 23 in the flow direction 26 of the outflowing steam which is indicated by an arrow, is designed to run obliquely on the inner wall 27 of the blow-off pipe 12.
  • the side of the nozzle 22 facing the outflowing steam therefore projects further into the interior 19 than the side opposite it and facing away from the outflowing steam.
  • the nozzle walls 28 are chamfered at their ends in the region of the mouth 23 and taper towards one another.
  • the nozzle 22 is located on the outside of the blow-off tube 12 and the
  • Borda mouth 23 opposite outer opening rounded nozzle walls 28 This geometric configuration of the nozzle 22 with the sharp-edged inner opening designed as a bora mouth and the rounded outer opening ensures that the outflow resistance for steam flowing out of the blow-off pipe 12 is approximately four times as large as the inflow resistance for gas flowing into the blow-off pipe 12 the gas area 8a.
  • FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show alternative embodiments in which the ventilation opening 18 is connected via the ventilation pipe 20 to the blow-off pipe 12 below the fill level n of the cooling liquid f.
  • the ventilation pipe 20 is L-shaped and opens with its lower end into the interior 19 of the blow-off pipe 12.
  • the ventilation pipe 20 is also initially screw-shaped around the blow-off in the area of the cooling liquid f 11 tube 12 is wound and is guided above the fill level n vertically upwards into the gas area 8a.
  • the stability of the ventilation tube 20 is increased by the helical winding.
  • the flow path running in the cooling liquid f is enlarged, so that outflowing steam is cooled more and condenses in the ventilation tube 20.
  • FIG. 6 A preferred variant is shown in FIG. 6, in which the ventilation pipe 20 opens into the blow-off pipe 12 above the fill level n via a nozzle 22.
  • the nozzle 22 is comparable to the nozzle 22 described for FIG. 3.
  • the ventilation pipe 20 initially runs from the blow-off pipe 12 in a horizontal direction away from the blow-off pipe 12 in order to then bend downward onto the cooling liquid f. Escaping steam is therefore guided along the flow path determined by the ventilation pipe 20 in such a way that the steam is blown obliquely onto the surface of the cooling liquid f, where it can give off its heat and condenses.
  • this embodiment has the advantage that the ventilation pipe 20 is always filled with the gas from the gas space 8a.
  • the blow-off tube 12 is optionally coaxially surrounded by a protective tube 30, which takes over its function in the event of a breakage of the blow-off tube 12.
  • the vent pipe 20 is configured to be comparable to the vent pipe 20 described for FIG. 6. It is passed through a recess 32 in the protective tube 30 and is fastened to the blow-off tube 12.
  • FIG. 1 The section marked with a circle in the area of the recess 32 is shown enlarged in FIG. This shows part of the outer wall 25 of the blow-off pipe 12, to which the vent pipe 20 and the nozzle 22 are attached.
  • a section of the protective tube 30 arranged coaxially around the blow-off tube 12 can be seen parallel to the blow-off tube 12.
  • Vent pipe 20 is passed through the recess 32, which is, for example, an elongated hole, through the protective tube 30 at a distance from the latter.
  • the ventilation tube 20 is thus passed through the protective tube 30 with play.
  • the cover 36 is constructed in two parts, the first part being in particular perforated disk-shaped
  • the second part is designed as a type of cover or cap 39 and likewise in particular in the form of a perforated disk and is fastened to the protective tube 30.
  • the cap 39 is L-shaped in section as seen in section and overlaps the diaphragm 38 which is arranged between the cap 39 and the protective tube 30.
  • FIG. 9 shows, as an alternative embodiment, a flow limiter 40 which is partially arranged within the blow-off pipe 12 and extends into the ventilation pipe 20.
  • a flow limiter 40 With the flow limiter 40, a strong differentiation between inflow resistance and outflow resistance is achieved for gas flowing into the blow-off pipe 12 or for steam flowing out of the blow-off pipe 12.
  • the flow limiter 40 is therefore connected in the flow path.
  • the flow path is accordingly formed by the flow limiter 40, the ventilation pipe 20 and by the ventilation opening 18 which cannot be seen in FIG. 9.
  • the flow limiter 40 has a swirl element 42, via which the steam is set into a rotational or swirl flow and is subsequently introduced into the ventilation pipe 20.
  • the swirling steam flows therein along a longitudinal axis 48 in the axial direction.
  • the swirl element 42 comprises an approximately circular disc-shaped inflow component 44 13 whose outer end through which the steam flows in, swirl generating elements 46, for example swirl blades, are arranged.
  • the swirl generating element 46 By the swirl generating element 46, the steam flow, which initially flows in the radial direction into the circular disc-shaped flow component 44 on the longitudinal axis 48, is set in rotation, so that there is a swirl or rotational flow about the longitudinal axis 48 in the circular disc-shaped flow component 44, which at the same time is the longitudinal axis of the ventilation pipe 20.
  • the swirl element 42 widens in the form of a diffuser 50.
  • the flow limiter 40 also advantageously has a cross-sectional constriction element 52 connected in the flow path following the swirl element 42, for example in the form of a Venturi tube.
  • the advantage of this arrangement of the flow restrictor 40 lies in the fact that it forms a very high flow resistance for outflowing steam from the blow-off pipe 12, whereas a gas flowing in via the ventilation pipe 20 can flow into the blow-off pipe 12 almost unaffected by the flow restrictor 40.
  • the operation of the flow limiter 40 is based on the fact that a swirl flow is formed and the rotational speed of the swirl flow is greatly increased due to a narrowing of the cross section.
  • the static pressure decreases in the area around the rotational or longitudinal axis 48. Depending on the flow conditions, a negative pressure can develop in this area.
  • the effective flow cross-section for the outflowing steam is small due to the high centrifugal forces and limited to the outer cross-sectional area of the ventilation pipe 20 spaced from the longitudinal axis 48. Hardly any steam flows in the area around the longitudinal axis 48.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention vise à empêcher que, dans une centrale nucléaire, après évacuation de vapeur par l'intermédiaire d'un tuyau d'évacuation (12), le caloporteur (f) ne remonte par aspiration dans le tuyau d'évacuation (12), de façon indésirable. A cet effet, il est prévu une ouverture d'aération (18) qui relie la zone gazeuse (6a, 8a), située au-dessus du caloporteur (f) dans lequel le tuyau d'évacuation (12) est immergé, avec l'intérieur (19) du tuyau d'évacuation (12) par l'intermédiaire d'un parcours d'écoulement (18, 20, 22, 40). Ce dernier est ouvert et exempt de soupape ou de pièce mobile, et présente de préférence des résistances à l'écoulement différentes pour les deux directions d'écoulement opposées.
PCT/DE1999/000618 1998-03-19 1999-03-08 Dispositif et procede pour evacuer de la vapeur WO1999048104A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19980445T DE19980445D2 (de) 1998-03-19 1999-03-08 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Abblasen von Dampf
FI20002054A FI117527B (fi) 1998-03-19 2000-09-18 Laite ja menetelmä höyryn poispuhaltamiseen

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19812073A DE19812073C1 (de) 1998-03-19 1998-03-19 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Abblasen von Dampf in einer Kernkraftanlage
DE19812073.7 1998-03-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999048104A1 true WO1999048104A1 (fr) 1999-09-23

Family

ID=7861540

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1999/000618 WO1999048104A1 (fr) 1998-03-19 1999-03-08 Dispositif et procede pour evacuer de la vapeur

Country Status (4)

Country Link
DE (2) DE19812073C1 (fr)
FI (1) FI117527B (fr)
TW (1) TW449755B (fr)
WO (1) WO1999048104A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112595135A (zh) * 2020-12-09 2021-04-02 哈尔滨工程大学 一种消除蒸汽冷凝诱发水锤的非能动安全***

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012211897B3 (de) * 2012-07-09 2013-06-06 Areva Np Gmbh Kerntechnische Anlage mit einer Sicherheitshülle und mit einem Druckentlastungssystem
CN103871490B (zh) * 2012-12-14 2017-09-08 中国核动力研究设计院 一种应用于压水堆核电站稳压器卸压箱的卸压装置
JP6199571B2 (ja) * 2013-02-12 2017-09-20 株式会社東芝 原子炉圧力容器減圧設備および主蒸気逃がし安全弁駆動装置
CN113432901A (zh) * 2021-06-24 2021-09-24 中国舰船研究设计中心 一种安全壳抑压排热试验***

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US3783902A (en) * 1971-04-05 1974-01-08 Mess & Regelungst Veb K Fluidic surface device and nozzle system for the formation of jets in the device
DE2505848A1 (de) * 1975-02-12 1976-09-02 Kraftwerk Union Ag Abblaseeinrichtung fuer dampfkraftwerke
JPS53143887A (en) * 1977-05-23 1978-12-14 Toshiba Corp Steam condensing tube
US4305896A (en) * 1975-09-05 1981-12-15 Hitachi, Ltd. Vent exit device for condensing steam
JPH0499993A (ja) * 1990-08-20 1992-03-31 Toshiba Corp 原子炉水位計測方法
US5491730A (en) * 1993-03-11 1996-02-13 Hitachi, Ltd. Cooling system for primary containment vessel in nuclear power plant and component for use in said cooling system

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US5126099A (en) * 1991-02-25 1992-06-30 General Electric Company Boiling water reactor plant with hybrid pressure containment cooling system
US5301215A (en) * 1992-11-25 1994-04-05 General Electric Company Nuclear reactor building
US5353318A (en) * 1993-05-03 1994-10-04 General Electric Company Pressure suppression system

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US3783902A (en) * 1971-04-05 1974-01-08 Mess & Regelungst Veb K Fluidic surface device and nozzle system for the formation of jets in the device
DE2505848A1 (de) * 1975-02-12 1976-09-02 Kraftwerk Union Ag Abblaseeinrichtung fuer dampfkraftwerke
US4305896A (en) * 1975-09-05 1981-12-15 Hitachi, Ltd. Vent exit device for condensing steam
JPS53143887A (en) * 1977-05-23 1978-12-14 Toshiba Corp Steam condensing tube
JPH0499993A (ja) * 1990-08-20 1992-03-31 Toshiba Corp 原子炉水位計測方法
US5491730A (en) * 1993-03-11 1996-02-13 Hitachi, Ltd. Cooling system for primary containment vessel in nuclear power plant and component for use in said cooling system

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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 016, no. 333 (P - 1389) 20 July 1992 (1992-07-20) *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112595135A (zh) * 2020-12-09 2021-04-02 哈尔滨工程大学 一种消除蒸汽冷凝诱发水锤的非能动安全***

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW449755B (en) 2001-08-11
DE19980445D2 (de) 2001-05-17
FI117527B (fi) 2006-11-15
FI20002054A (fi) 2000-09-18
DE19812073C1 (de) 1999-11-04

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