WO1999033343A2 - Use of macrolides in pest control - Google Patents

Use of macrolides in pest control Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999033343A2
WO1999033343A2 PCT/EP1998/008384 EP9808384W WO9933343A2 WO 1999033343 A2 WO1999033343 A2 WO 1999033343A2 EP 9808384 W EP9808384 W EP 9808384W WO 9933343 A2 WO9933343 A2 WO 9933343A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spp
crop
bacterial
fungal pathogens
transgenic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1998/008384
Other languages
French (fr)
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WO1999033343A3 (en
Inventor
Dieter Hofer
Marius Sutter
Franz Brandl
Bruce Lee
Roger Graham Hall
Max Angst
Original Assignee
Novartis Ag
Novartis-Erfindungen Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NZ505208A priority Critical patent/NZ505208A/en
Priority to AU24157/99A priority patent/AU744005B2/en
Priority to CA2318331A priority patent/CA2318331C/en
Priority to DE19882911T priority patent/DE19882911B3/en
Priority to BRPI9816227A priority patent/BRPI9816227B8/en
Priority to HU0100334A priority patent/HUP0100334A3/en
Priority to JP2000526117A priority patent/JP2001527026A/en
Priority to BRPI9814318A priority patent/BRPI9814318B1/en
Priority to GB0015099A priority patent/GB2346807B/en
Application filed by Novartis Ag, Novartis-Erfindungen Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh filed Critical Novartis Ag
Publication of WO1999033343A2 publication Critical patent/WO1999033343A2/en
Publication of WO1999033343A3 publication Critical patent/WO1999033343A3/en
Priority to US11/144,320 priority patent/US20050267053A1/en
Priority to US11/144,294 priority patent/US20050227931A1/en
Priority to US11/154,185 priority patent/US20050250711A1/en
Priority to US11/927,825 priority patent/US20080107700A1/en
Priority to US11/927,740 priority patent/US20090093363A1/en
Priority to AU2009201218A priority patent/AU2009201218B8/en
Priority to US13/109,775 priority patent/US8697602B2/en
Priority to US14/251,897 priority patent/US20140221300A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling pests with macrolide compounds; more specifically to
  • a first aspect of the present invention therefore relates to a method of controlling pests in crops of transgenic useful plants, such as, for example, in crops of maize, cereals, soya beans, tomatoes, cotton, potatoes, rice and mustard, characterized in that a pesticidal composition comprising a macrolide compound, in particular abamectin, in free form or in agrochemically useful salt form and at least one auxiliary is applied to the pests or their environment, in particular to the crop plant itself; to the use of the composition in question and to propagation material of transgenic plants which has been treated with it.
  • a pesticidal composition comprising a macrolide compound, in particular abamectin, in free form or in agrochemically useful salt form and at least one auxiliary is applied to the pests or their environment, in particular to the crop plant itself; to the use of the composition in question and to propagation material of transgenic plants which has been treated with it.
  • a macrolide compound for controlling pests on transgenic useful plants which contain - for instance - one or more genes expressing a pesticidally, particularly insecticidally, acaricidally, nematocidally or fugicidally active ingredient, or which are tolerant against herbicides, has a synergistic effect. It is highly surprising that the use of a macrolide compound in combination with a transgenic plant exceeds the additive effect, to be expected in principle, on the pests to be controlled and thus extends the range of action of the macrolide compound and of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant in particular in two respects:
  • the pesticidal activity of a macrolide compound in combination with the effect expressed by the transgenic useful plant is not only additive in comparison with the pesticidal activities of the macrolide compound alone and of the transgenic crop plant alone, as can generally be expected, but that a synergistic effect is present.
  • the term "synergistic”, however, is in no way to be understood in this connection as being restricted to the pesticidal activity, but the term also refers to other advantageous properties of the method according to the invention compared with the macrolide compound alone and the transgenic useful plant alone.
  • the macrolide compounds used according to the inventions part (A), (B) and (C) are known to those skilled in the art. They are the classes of substances which are disclosed as milbemycins and avermectins, for example in US-P-4 310 519, US-P-5 077 298, German Offenlegungsschrift 2 717 040 or US-P-4 427 663. These macrolides are also to be understood as meaning, in accordance with the invention, the derivatives of these substances, that is, for example, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, ivermectin, abamectin, emamectin and doramectin, and also spinosyns of the formula
  • R ⁇ R 2 , R 3 , R , R 5 and R 6 independently of one another are hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group and the substructures A, and B independently of one another denote that the two carbon atoms, to which each of these substructures is bonded, are linked by a single bond, by a double bond or by a single bond and an epoxy bridge, in free form or, if appropriate, in agrochemically utilizable salt form.
  • abamectin is preferred.
  • Abamectin is a mixture of avermectin B 1a and avermectin B ⁇ b and is described, for example, in The Pesticide Manual, 10 ,h Ed. (1994), The British Crop Protection Council, London, page 3.
  • emamectin which is 4"-De- oxy-4"-epi-N-methylamino avermectin B 1b /B 1a , known from US-P-4,874,749 and as MK-244 described in Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol. 59 (1994), pages 7704-7708.
  • Agrochemically especially useful salts of emamectin are described in US-P-5,288,710.
  • the active ingredient may comprise, within the scope of the subject-matter of the invention (A), spinosyn A; spinosyn D; or a mixture composed of spinosyn A and spinosyn D; especially preferred is spinosad.
  • spinosad is known from the "The Pesticide Manual", 11 th Ed. (1997), The British Crop Protection Council, London, United Kingdom, pages 1272-1273.
  • the agrochemically compatible salts of the macrolide compounds are, for example, acid addition salts of inorganic and organic acids, in particular of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, tri- fluoroacetic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid or benzoic acid.
  • Preferred within the scope of the present invention is a composition known per se which comprises, as active ingredient, abamectin or spinosad in the free form, and emamectin as the benzoate salt.
  • the transgenic plants used according to the invention (A) are plants, or propagation material thereof, which are transformed by means of recombinant DNA technology in such a way that they are - for instance - capable of synthesizing selectively acting toxins as are known, for example, from toxin-producinginvertebrates, especially of the phylum Arthropoda, as can be obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis strains; or as are known from plants, such as lectins; or in the alternative capable of expressing a herbicidal or fungicidal resistance.
  • the toxins which can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, toxins, such as proteins which have insecticidal properties and which are expressed by transgenic plants, for example Bacillus cereus proteins or Bacillus popliae proteins; or Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxins (B.t.), such as CrylA(a), CrylA(b), CrylA(c), CryllA, CrylllA, CrylllB2 orCytA; VIP1 ; VIP2; VIP3; or insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonising nematodes like Photorhabdus spp or Xenorhabdus spp such as Photorhabdus luminescens, Xenorhabdus nematophilus etc.; proteinase inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin, papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP), such as ricin, maize RIP, abrin, luffin
  • transgenic plants which comprise one or more genes which encode insecticidal resistance and express one or more toxins are the following: KnockOut® (maize), YieldGard® (maize); NuCOTN 33B® (cotton), Bollgard® (cotton), NewLeaf® (potatoes), NatureGard® and Protecta®.
  • the following table comprises further examples of targets and principles and crop phenotypes of transgenic crops which show tolerance against pests mainly insects, mites, nematodes, virus, bacteria and diseases or are tolerant to specific herbicides or classes of herbicides.
  • AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
  • Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
  • Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
  • Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
  • EPSPS 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase
  • EPSPS Glyphosate oxidoreductase
  • PROTOX Protoporphyrinogen oxidase
  • Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 Xenobiotics and herbicides such as
  • Bx1 gene Helminthosporium turcicum
  • Rhopalosiphum maydis, Diplodia maydis, Ostrinia nubilalis, lepidoptera sp.
  • CMIII small basic maize seed peptide plant pathogenes eg. fusarium, alternaria, sclerotina
  • Corn- SAFP zeamatin plant pathogenes eg. fusarium, alternaria, sclerotina, rhizoctonia, chaetomium.phycomyces
  • Coat proteins viruses such as maize dwarf mosaic virus, maize chlorotic dwarf virus
  • Bacillus thuringiensis toxins VIP 3, lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and nematodes, eg. ostrinia nubilalis, Xenorhabdus toxins heliothis zea, armyworms eg. spodoptera f rugiperda, corn rootworms, sesamia sp., black cutworm, asian corn borer.weevils
  • Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, aminopeptidase inhibitor (LAPI) nematodes, eg. ostrinia nubilalis, heliothis zea, armyworms eg. spodoptera frugiperda, corn rootworms, sesamia sp., black cutworm, asian corn borer, weevils
  • LAPI aminopeptidase inhibitor
  • Protease Inhibitors eg. cystatin, patatin, weevils, corn rootworm virgiferin, CPTI ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, eg. ostrinia nubilalis, heliothis zea, armyworms eg. spodoptera frugiperda, corn rootworms, sesamia sp., black cutworm, asian corn borer, weevils maize 5C9 polypeptide lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, eg. ostrinia nubilalis, heliothis zea, armyworms eg. spodoptera frugiperda, corn rootworms, sesamia sp., black cutworm, asian corn borer, weevils maize 5C9 polypeptide lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nema
  • AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
  • Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or (HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
  • Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and cataboiism
  • Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
  • EPSPS 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase
  • EPSPS Glyphosate oxidoreductase
  • PROTOX Protoporphyrinogen oxidase
  • Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 Xenobiotics and herbicides such as
  • Hypersensitive response eliciting plant pathogenes eg. fusarium, septoria polypeptide and other diseases
  • SAR resistance
  • Glucanases plant pathogenes double stranded ribonuclease viruses such as BYDV and MSMV
  • Coat proteins viruses such as BYDV and MSMV
  • Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, aminopeptidase inhibitor nematodes,
  • Protease Inhibitors eg. cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, virgiferin, CPTI nematodes, aphids ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, aphids
  • AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
  • Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
  • Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
  • Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
  • EPSPS 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase
  • PROTOX Protopo ⁇ hyrinogen oxidase
  • Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 Xenobiotics and herbicides such as
  • Hypersensitive response eliciting plant pathogenes eg. fusarium, septoria polypeptide and other diseases
  • SAR resistance
  • Glucanases plant pathogenes double stranded ribonuclease viruses such as BYDV and MSMV
  • Coat proteins viruses such as BYDV and MSMV
  • Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, aminopeptidase inhibitor nematodes,
  • Protease Inhibitors eg. cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, virgiferin, CPTI nematodes, aphids ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, aphids
  • Table A4 Crop Rice Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
  • AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
  • Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or (HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
  • Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
  • EPSPS 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase
  • EPSPS Glyphosate oxidoreductase
  • PROTOX Protoporphyrinogen oxidase
  • Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 Xenobiotics and herbicides such as
  • Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP plant pathogenes glucose oxidase plant pathogenes pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes plant pathogenes serine/threonine kinases plant pathogenes Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) plant pathogenes eg bacterial leaf blight and rice blast, inducible Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to phytoalexins plant pathogenes eg bacterial leaf blight and rice blast
  • SAR resistance
  • Chitinases plant pathogenes eg bacterial leaf blight and rice blast
  • Glucanases plant pathogenes double stranded ribonuclease viruses such as BYDV and MSMV
  • Coat proteins viruses such as BYDV and MSMV
  • Xenorhabdus toxins eg brown rice hopper
  • 3- Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg rice water weevil, diptera, rice hoppers eg brown rice hopper
  • Peroxidase lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg rice water weevil, diptera, rice hoppers eg brown rice hopper
  • Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg aminopeptidase inhibitor rice water weevil, diptera, rice hoppers eg brown rice hopper
  • Lectines lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg rice water weevil, diptera, rice hoppers eg brown rice hopper
  • Protease Inhibitors lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to rice water weevil, diptera, rice hoppers eg brown rice hopper ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg rice water weevil, diptera, rice hoppers eg brown rice hopper
  • HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg rice water weevil, diptera, rice hoppers eg brown rice hopper
  • AcetylCoA Carboxyiase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
  • Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as isoxaflutol or
  • O-Methyl transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and catabolism
  • Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
  • EPSPS 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase
  • Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
  • Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
  • Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens such as fusarium, scierotinia, stemrot oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as fusarium, scierotinia, stemrot glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as fusarium, scierotinia, stemrot pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens such as fusarium, scierotinia, stemrot serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as fusarium, scierotinia, stemrot
  • Phenylalanine ammonia lyase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as fusarium, scierotinia, stemrot phytoalexins plant pathogenes eg bacterial leaf blight and rice blast
  • B-1 ,3-glucanase antisense plant pathogenes eg bacterial leaf blight and rice blast receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as fusarium, scierotinia, stemrot
  • SAR resistance
  • Glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as fusarium, scierotinia, stemrot Effected target or expressed principle(s)
  • Crop phenotype / Tolerance to double stranded ribonuclease viruses such as BPMV and SbMV
  • Coat proteins viruses such as BYDV and MSMV
  • Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, coleoptera, aphids aminopeptidase inhibitor
  • Protease Inhibitors eg virgiferin lepidoptera, coleoptera, aphids
  • Cyst nematode hatching stimulus cyst nematodes Antifeeding principles nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
  • AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
  • ADSL Adenylosuccinate Lyase
  • Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
  • EPSPS 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase
  • PROTOX Protopo ⁇ hyrinogen oxidase
  • Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
  • Metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens such as phytophtora
  • Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens such as phytophtora oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
  • Phytophtora Verticillium, Rhizoctonia pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
  • serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
  • Cecropin B bacteria such as corynebacterium sepedonicum, Erwinia carotovora
  • Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
  • Phytophtora Verticillium, Rhizoctonia phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
  • B-1 ,3-glucanase antisense bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
  • Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial and fungal pathogens such as polypeptide Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
  • SAR resistance
  • Rhizoctonia trans aldolase antisense blackspots Glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia double stranded ribonuclease viruses such as PLRV, PVY and TRV
  • Coat proteins viruses such as PLRV, PVY and TRV
  • 17kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses such as PLRV, PVY and TRV
  • Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b viruses such as PLRV, PVY and TRV Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
  • Pseudoubiquitin viruses such as PLRV, PVY and TRV
  • Replicase viruses such as PLRV, PVY and TRV
  • Bacillus thuringiensis toxins VIP 3, coleoptera eg Colorado potato beetle,
  • Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine coleoptera eg Colorado potato beetle, aminopeptidase inhibitor aphids stilbene synthase coleoptera eg Colorado potato beetle, aphids
  • Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin coleoptera eg Colorado potato beetle, aphids
  • Antifeeding principles nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
  • Acetoiactate synthase Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones, Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
  • AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
  • Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
  • ADSL Adenylosuccinate Lyase
  • Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
  • EPSPS 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase
  • EPSPS Glyphosate oxidoreductase
  • PROTOX Protoporphyrinogen oxidase
  • Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
  • Metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens such as phytophtora
  • Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to etc.
  • oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc. glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc. pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc. serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc.
  • Cecropin B bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc.
  • Phenylalanine ammonia lyase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc.
  • bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to etc.
  • Polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc.
  • Prf regulatory gene bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc.
  • Fusarium resistance locus fusarium phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc.
  • B-1 ,3-glucanase antisense bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc.
  • receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc.
  • Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial and fungal pathogens such as polypeptide bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc.
  • SAR resistance
  • Chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc.
  • Antifeeding principles nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
  • AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
  • Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
  • Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
  • EPSPS 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase
  • Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
  • Protoporphyrinogen oxidase Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
  • Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
  • Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens
  • Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens
  • Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
  • Glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens double stranded ribonuclease viruses such as CMV, TEV
  • Coat proteins viruses such as CMV, TEV
  • 17kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses such as CMV, TEV
  • Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses such as CMV, TEV
  • Pseudoubiquitin viruses such as CMV, TEV
  • Replicase viruses such as CMV, TEV
  • Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids aminopeptidase inhibitor
  • Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids stilbene synthase lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids
  • HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera whiteflies aphids
  • Antifeeding principles nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
  • Acetoiactate synthase Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones, Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
  • AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
  • Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
  • ADSL Adenylosuccinate Lyase
  • Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
  • EPSPS 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase
  • PROTOX Protopo ⁇ hyrinogen oxidase
  • Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
  • Metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
  • Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
  • Cecropin B bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
  • Phenylalanine ammonia lyase bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
  • Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
  • Osmotin bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
  • Prf regulatory gene bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
  • B-1 ,3-glucanase antisense bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
  • Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial and fungal pathogens like Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to polypeptide Botrytis and powdery mildew
  • SAR resistance
  • Glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew double stranded ribonuclease viruses
  • Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses
  • Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids aminopeptidase inhibitor
  • Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin lepidoptera, aphids ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids, diseases
  • CBI root knot nematodes Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
  • Antifeeding principles nematodes eg root knot nematodes or root cyst nematodes
  • AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
  • Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
  • ADSL Adenylosuccinate Lyase
  • Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
  • EPSPS 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase
  • EPSPS Glyphosate oxidoreductase
  • PROTOX Protoporphyrinogen oxidase
  • Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
  • Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia
  • Cecropin B bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia
  • Phenylalanine ammonia lyase bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia
  • Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia
  • Osmotin bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia
  • Alpha Hordothionin bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia
  • Prf regulatory gene bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens like Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
  • Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial and fungal pathogens like polypeptide Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia
  • SAR resistance
  • Glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia double stranded ribonuclease viruses
  • Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses
  • Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids aminopeptidase inhibitor
  • Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, aphids Effected target or expressed principie(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
  • Table A1 1 Crop Brassica vegetable (cabbage, brussel sprouts, broccoli etc.)
  • AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
  • Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or (HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
  • Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
  • EPSPS Synthase
  • PROTOX Protopo ⁇ hyrinogen oxidase
  • Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
  • Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens
  • Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens
  • SAR resistance
  • Chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
  • Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses
  • Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids aminopeptidase inhibitor
  • Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, aphids
  • AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
  • Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or (HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
  • Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
  • EPSPS 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase
  • PROTOX Protopo ⁇ hyrinogen oxidase
  • Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
  • Ribonuclease bacterial and fungal pathogens like Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to apple scab or fireblight
  • Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
  • Cecropin B bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
  • Phenylalanine ammonia lyase bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
  • Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
  • Osmotin bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
  • Alpha Hordothionin bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
  • Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial and fungal pathogens like polypeptide apple scab or fireblight
  • SAR resistance
  • Lytic protein bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
  • Lysozym bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
  • Glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight double stranded ribonuclease viruses
  • Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses
  • Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids, mites aminopeptidase inhibitor
  • Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, aphids , mites Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
  • CPTI ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera aphids, mites stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids, diseases, mites
  • HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, aphids, mites
  • AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
  • Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or (HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
  • Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
  • EPSPS Synthase
  • PROTOX Protopo ⁇ hyrinogen oxidase
  • Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
  • Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
  • oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
  • Phenylalanine ammonia lyase bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
  • Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
  • Osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
  • Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial or fungal pathogens like polypeptide phytophtora
  • SAR resistance
  • Lytic protein bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
  • Glucanases bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora double stranded ribonuclease viruses as CMV,, PRSV, WMV2, SMV, ZYMV
  • Coat proteins viruses as CMV,, PRSV, WMV2, SMV, Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
  • 17kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses as CMV,, PRSV, WMV2, SMV,
  • Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses as CMV thread PRSV, WMV2, SMV,
  • Pseudoubiquitin viruses as CMV alleviat PRSV, WMV2, SMV,
  • Replicase viruses as CMV, PRSV, WMV2, SMV,
  • Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly aminopeptidase inhibitor
  • Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly
  • CPTI virgiferin ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera
  • aphids mites
  • whitefly stilbene synthase lepidoptera aphids, mites, whitefly
  • HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly
  • AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
  • Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or (HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
  • Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
  • EPSPS 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase
  • EPSPS Glyphosate oxidoreductase
  • PROTOX Protoporphyrinogen oxidase
  • Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
  • Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial or fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
  • Phenylalanine ammonia lyase bacterial or fungal pathogens
  • Prf regulatory gene bacterial or fungal pathogens phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens
  • SAR resistance
  • Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses as Banana bunchy top virus
  • BBTV Nucleoprotein
  • BBTV Crop phenotype / Tolerance
  • Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes aminopeptidase inhibitor
  • Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes
  • CPTI virgiferin ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera
  • aphids mites
  • nematodes stilbene synthase lepidoptera
  • aphids mites
  • nematodes stilbene synthase lepidoptera
  • HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera aphids, mites, nematodes
  • AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
  • Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
  • ADSL Adenylosuccinate Lyase
  • Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
  • EPSPS Synthase
  • PROTOX Protoporphyrinogen oxidase
  • Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
  • Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial or fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
  • Phenylalanine ammonia lyase bacterial or fungal pathogens
  • Alpha Hordothionin bacterial or fungal pathogens Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
  • Prf regulatory gene bacterial or fungal pathogens phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens
  • SAR resistance
  • Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses as wound tumor virus (WTV)
  • Bacillus thuringiensis toxins VIP 3, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
  • Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, aminopeptidase inhibitor whitefly
  • Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
  • CPTI virgiferin whitefly ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly
  • HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly
  • AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
  • Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or (HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
  • Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
  • Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and catabolism
  • Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
  • EPSPS 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase
  • PROTOX Protopo ⁇ hyrinogen oxidase
  • Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
  • Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial or fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
  • Phenylalanine ammonia lyase bacterial or fungal pathogens
  • Prf regulatory gene bacterial or fungal pathogens phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens
  • B-1 ,3-glucanase antisense bacterial or fungal pathogens receptor kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
  • SAR resistance
  • Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses as SCMV, SrMV
  • Replicase viruses as SCMV, SrMV
  • Bacillus thuringiensis toxins VIP 3, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
  • Peroxidase lepidoptera aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles eg mexican rice borer
  • Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, aminopeptidase inhibitor whitefly, beetles eg mexican rice borer
  • Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, CPTI, virgiferin whitefly, beetles eg mexican rice borer Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles eg mexican rice borer stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles eg mexican rice borer
  • HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles eg mexican rice borer
  • AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
  • Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or (HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
  • Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
  • EPSPS Synthase
  • Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate
  • Protoporphyrinogen oxidase Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
  • Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
  • Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial or fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens eg scierotinia glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
  • Phenylalanine ammonia lyase bacterial or fungal pathogens
  • Prf regulatory gene bacterial or fungal pathogens phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens
  • Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial or fungal pathogens polypeptide Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
  • SAR resistance
  • Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses as CMV, TMV
  • Bacillus thuringiensis toxins VIP 3, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
  • Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, aminopeptidase inhibitor whitefly, beetles
  • Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
  • CPTI virgiferin whitefly, beetles ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, Effected target or expressed principie(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to whitefly, beetles
  • HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles
  • AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
  • Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or (HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
  • Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
  • EPSPS 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase
  • Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
  • Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
  • Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial or fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens eg scierotinia glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
  • Phenylalanine ammonia lyase bacterial or fungal pathogens
  • Prf regulatory gene bacterial or fungal pathogens phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens
  • Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to genes pathogens
  • Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses as BNYVV
  • Bacillus thuringiensis toxins VIP 3, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
  • Peroxidase lepidoptera aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles, rootflies
  • Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, aminopeptidase inhibitor whitefly, beetles, rootflies
  • Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
  • CPTI virgiferin whitefly, beetles, rootflies ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles, rootflies stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles, rootflies
  • HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles, rootflies Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
  • the abovementioned animal pests which can be controlled by the method according to the invention (A) include, for example, insects, representatives of the order acarina and representatives of the class nematoda; especially from the order Lepidoptera Acleris spp., Adoxophyes spp., especially Adoxophyes reticulana; Aegeria spp., Agrotis spp., especially Agrotis spinifera; Alabama argillaceae, Amylois spp., Anticarsia gemmatalis, Archips spp., Argyrotaenia spp., Autographa spp., Busseola fusca, Cadra cautella, Carposina nipponensis, Chilo spp., Choristoneura spp., Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocrocis spp., Cnephasia spp., Cochylis spp., Coleophora s
  • Trogoderma spp. from the order Orthoptera, for example Blatta spp., Blattella spp., Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Peripianeta spp. and Schistocerca spp.; from the order Isoptera, for example Reticulitermes spp.; from the order Psocoptera, for example Liposcelis spp.; from the order Anoplura, for example Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Pemphigus spp.
  • Phylloxera spp. from the order Mallophaga, for example Damalinea spp. and Trichodectes spp.; from the order Thysanoptera, for example Frankliniella spp., Hercinothrips spp., Taeniothrips spp., Thrips palmi, Thrips tabaci and Scirtothrips aurantii; from the order Heteroptera, for example Cimex spp., Distantiella theobroma, Dysdercus spp., Euchistus spp. Eurygaster spp.
  • Leptocorisa spp. Leptocorisa spp., Nezara spp., Piesma spp., Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scotinophara spp. and Triatoma spp.; from the order Homoptera, for example Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aieyrodes brassicae, Aonidiella aurantii, Aphididae, Aphiscraccivora, A. fabae, A.
  • Homoptera for example Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aieyrodes brassicae, Aonidiella aurantii, Aphididae, Aphiscraccivora, A. fabae, A.
  • Vespa spp. from the order Diptera, for example Aedes spp., Antherigona soccata, Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora erythrocephala, Ceratitis spp., Chrysomyia spp., Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Fannia spp., Gastrophilus spp., Glossina spp., Hypoderma spp., Hyppobosca spp., Liriomyza spp., Lucilia spp., Melanagromyza spp., Musca spp., Oestrus spp., Orseolia spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia spp., Rhagoletis pomonella, Sciara spp., Stomoxy
  • Bryobia praetiosa Calipitrimerus spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eotetranychus spp., especially E.carpini and E. orientalis; Eriophyes spp., especially E. vitis; Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Olygonychus pratensis, Ornithodoros spp., Panonychus spp., especially P. ulmi and P. citri; Phyllocoptruta spp., especially P. oleivora; Polyphagotarsonemus spp., especially P.
  • nematodes selected from the group consisting of root knot nematodes, cyst-forming nematodes, stem eelworms and foliar nematodes;
  • nematodes selected from the group consisting of Anguina spp.; Aphelenchoides spp.; Ditylenchus spp.; Globodera spp., for example Globodera rostochiensis; Heterodera spp., for example Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii or Heterodera trifolii; Longidorus spp.; Meloidogyne spp., for example Meloidogyne incognita or Meloidogyne javanica; Pratylenchus, for example Pratylenchus neglectans or Pratylenchus penetrans; Radopholus spp., for example Radopholus simiiis; Trichodorus spp.; Tylenchulus, for example Tylenchulus semipenetrans; and Xiphinema spp.; or
  • nematodes selected from the group consisting of Heterodera spp., for example Heterodera glycines; and Meloidogyne spp., for example Meloidogyne incognita.
  • the method according to the invention (A) allows pests of the abovementioned type to be controlled, i.e. contained or destroyed, which occur, in particular, on transgenic plants, mainly useful plants and ornamentals in agriculture, in horticulture and in forests, or on parts, such as fruits, flowers, foliage, stalks, tubers or roots, of such plants, the protection against these pests in some cases even extending to plant parts which form at a later point in time.
  • the method according to the invention (A) can be employed advantageously for controlling pests in rice, cereals such as maize or sorghum; in fruit, for example stone fruit, pome fruit and soft fruit such as apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries or berries, for example strawberries, raspberries and blackberries; in legumes such as beans, lentils, peas or soya beans; in oil crops such as oilseed rape, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconuts, castor-oil plants, cacao or peanuts; in the marrow family such as pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; in fibre plants such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; in citrus fruit such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit or tangerines; in vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage species, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, beet or capsicum; in the laurel family such as avocado, Cinnamonium or camphor; or in tobacco, nuts, coffee, egg plants, sugar cane, tea, pepper
  • the method according to the invention (A) is valuable preventatively and/or curatively in the field of pest control even at low use concentrations of the pesticidal composition and that a very favourable biocidal spectrum is achieved thereby.
  • the method according to the invention can be employed against all or individual developmental stages of normally-sensitive, but also of normally-resistant, animal pests such as insects and representatives of the order Acarina, depending on the species of the transgenic crop plant to be protected from attack by pests.
  • the insecticidal and/or acaricidal effect of the method according to the invention may become apparent directly, i.e.
  • the good action corresponding to a destruction rate (mortality) of at least 40 to 50%.
  • the pesticides within the scope of invention (A), which are known per se, are emulsifiable concentrates, suspension concentrates, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, spreadable pastes, dilute emulsions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dispersible powders, wettable powders, dusts, granules or encapsulations in polymeric substances which comprise a macrolide compound.
  • the active ingredients are employed in these compositions together with at least one of the auxiliaries conventionally used in art of formulation, such as extenders, for example solvents or solid carriers, or such as surface-active compounds (surfactants).
  • Formulation auxiliaries which are used are, for example, solid carriers, solvents, stabilizers, "slow release” auxiliaries, colourants and, if appropriate, surface-active substances (surfactants).
  • Suitable carriers and auxiliaries are all those substances which are conventionally used for crop protection products.
  • Suitable auxiliaries such as solvents, solid carriers, surface-active compounds, non-ionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants and other auxiliaries in the compositions employed according to the invention are, for example, those which have been described in EP-A-736 252.
  • compositions for controlling pests can be formulated, for example, as wettable powders, dusts, granules, solutions, emulsifiable concentrates, emulsions, suspension concentrates or aerosols.
  • the compositions are of the type described in EP- A-736 252.
  • compositions within the scope of invention (A) which comprise a macrolide compound can be extended substantially and adapted to prevailing circumstances by adding other insecticidally, acaricidally and/or fungicidally active ingredients.
  • Suitable examples of added active ingredients are representatives of the following classes of active ingredients: organophosphorous compounds, nitrophenols and derivatives, formamidines, ureas, carbamates, pyrethroids, chlorinated hydrocarbons; especially preferred components in mixtures are, for example, thiamethoxam, pymetrozine, fenoxycarb, imidacioprid, Ti-435, fipronil, pyriproxyfen, emamectin, diazinon or diafenthiuron.
  • the compositions within the scope of invention (A) comprise 0.1 to 99%, in particular 0.1 to 95 %, of a macrolide compound and 1 to 99.9 %, in particular 5 to 99.9 %, of - at least - one solid or liquid auxiliary, it being possible, as a rule, for 0 to 25 %, in particular 0.1 to 20 %, of the compositions to be surfactants (% in each case meaning per cent by weight). While concentrated compositions are more preferred as commercial products, the end user will, as a rule, use dilute compositions which have considerably lower concentrations of active ingredient.
  • compositions according to the invention (A) may also comprise other solid or liquid auxiliaries, such as stabilisers, for example epoxidized or unepoxidized vegetable oils (for example epoxidized coconut oil, rapeseed oil or soya bean oil), antifoams, for example silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders and/or tackifiers, and also fertilizers or other active ingredients for achieving specific effects, for example, bactericides, fungicides, nematicides, molluscicides or herbicides.
  • auxiliaries such as stabilisers, for example epoxidized or unepoxidized vegetable oils (for example epoxidized coconut oil, rapeseed oil or soya bean oil), antifoams, for example silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders and/or tackifiers, and also fertilizers or other active ingredients for achieving specific effects, for example, bactericides, fungicides,
  • compositions according to the invention (A) are produced in a known manner, for example prior to mixing with the auxiliary/auxiliaries by grinding, screening and/or compressing the active ingredient, for example to give a particular particle size, and by intimately mixing and/or grinding the active ingredient with the auxiliary/auxiliaries.
  • the method according to the invention for controlling pests of the abovementioned type is carried out in a manner known per se to those skilled in the art, depending on the intended aims and prevailing circumstances, that is to say by spraying, wetting, atomizing, dusting, brushing on, seed dressing, scattering or pouring of the composition.
  • Typical use concentrations are between 0.1 and 1000 ppm, preferably between 0.1 and 500 ppm of active ingredient.
  • the application rate may vary within wide ranges and depends on the soil constitution, the type of application (foliar application; seed dressing; application in the seed furrow), the transgenic crop plant, the pest to be controlled, the climatic circumstances prevailing in each case, and other factors determined by the type of application, timing of application and target crop.
  • the application rates per hectare are generally 1 to 2000 g of macrolide compound per hectare, in particular 10 to 1000 g/ha, preferably 10 to 500 g/ha, especially preferably 10 to 200 g/ha.
  • a preferred type of application in the field of crop protection within the scope of invention is application to the foliage of the plants (foliar application), it being possible to adapt frequency and rate of application to the risk of infestation with the pest in question.
  • the active ingredient may also enter into the plants via the root system (systemic action), by drenching the site of the plants with a liquid composition or by inco ⁇ orating the active ingredient in solid form into the site of the plants, for example into the soil, for example in the form of granules (soil application). In the case of paddy rice crops, such granules may be metered into the flooded paddy field.
  • compositions according to invention (A) are also suitable for protecting propagation material of transgenic plants, for example seed, such as fruits, tubers or kernels, or plant cuttings, from animal pests, in particular insects and representatives of the order Acarina.
  • the propagation material can be treated with the composition prior to application, for example, seed being dressed prior to sowing.
  • the active ingredient may also be applied to seed kernels (coating), either by soaking the kernels in a liquid composition or by coating them with a solid composition.
  • the composition may also be applied to the site of application when applying the propagation material, for example into the seed furrow during sowing.
  • formulations of macrolide compounds which can be used in the method according to the invention are of the type as has been described in, for example, EP-A-580 553, Examples F1 to F10.
  • B.203 CryllA Cydia spp.
  • B.231 CryllA Otiorhynchus spp.
  • B.204 CryllA Diparopsis B.232 CryllA Aleurothrixus spp. castanea B.233 CryllA Aleyrodes spp.
  • B.205 CryllA Earias spp.
  • B.234 CryllA Aonidiella spp.
  • B.240 CryllA Nephotettix spp.
  • B.268 CrylllA Cydia spp.

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Abstract

There is now described a method of controlling pests with macrolide compounds; more specifically: A) a method of controlling pests in and on transgenic crops of useful plants, such as, for example, in crops of maize, cereals, soya beans, tomatoes, cotton, potatoes, rice and mustard, with a macrolide compound, characterized in that a pesticidal composition comprising a macrolide compound in free form or in agrochemically useful salt form and at least one auxiliary is applied to the pests or their environment, in particular to the crop plant itself; B) a method of protecting plant propagation material and plant organs formed at a later point in time from attack by pests, characterized in that a pesticide comprising, as pesticidally active compound, at least one macrolide compound as active ingredient and at least one auxiliary in close spatial proximity to, or spatially together with, planting or applying the propagation material is employed to the site of planting or sowing; C) a method of controlling wood pests and molluscs with a macrolide compound, wherein a pesticidally active amount of a pesticide comprising, as pesticidally active compound, at least one macrolide, in free form or agrochemically utilizable salt form, as active ingredient and at least one auxiliary is applied to the pests or their environment; the corresponding use of these compounds, corresponding pesticides whose active ingredient is selected from amongst these compounds, a method for the preparation and the use of these compositions, and plant propagation material which is protected in this manner from attack by pests.

Description

Use of macrolides in pest control
The present invention relates to a method of controlling pests with macrolide compounds; more specifically to
(A) a novel method of controlling pests in and on transgenic crops of useful plants with a macrolide compound ;
(B) method of protecting plant propagation material and plant organs formed at a later point in time from attack by pests with such a macrolide compound; and
(C) a method of controlling wood pests and molluscs with a macrolide compound.
Certain pest control methods are proposed in the literature. However, these methods are not fully satisfactory in the field of pest control, which is why there is a demand for providing further methods for controlling and combating pests, in particular insects and representatives of the order Acarina, or for protecting plants, especially crop plants. This object is achieved according to the invention by providing the present method.
(A) A first aspect of the present invention therefore relates to a method of controlling pests in crops of transgenic useful plants, such as, for example, in crops of maize, cereals, soya beans, tomatoes, cotton, potatoes, rice and mustard, characterized in that a pesticidal composition comprising a macrolide compound, in particular abamectin, in free form or in agrochemically useful salt form and at least one auxiliary is applied to the pests or their environment, in particular to the crop plant itself; to the use of the composition in question and to propagation material of transgenic plants which has been treated with it.
Surprisingly, it has now emerged that the use of a macrolide compound for controlling pests on transgenic useful plants which contain - for instance - one or more genes expressing a pesticidally, particularly insecticidally, acaricidally, nematocidally or fugicidally active ingredient, or which are tolerant against herbicides, has a synergistic effect. It is highly surprising that the use of a macrolide compound in combination with a transgenic plant exceeds the additive effect, to be expected in principle, on the pests to be controlled and thus extends the range of action of the macrolide compound and of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant in particular in two respects:
In particular, it has been found, surprisingly, that within the scope of invention (A) the pesticidal activity of a macrolide compound in combination with the effect expressed by the transgenic useful plant, is not only additive in comparison with the pesticidal activities of the macrolide compound alone and of the transgenic crop plant alone, as can generally be expected, but that a synergistic effect is present. The term "synergistic", however, is in no way to be understood in this connection as being restricted to the pesticidal activity, but the term also refers to other advantageous properties of the method according to the invention compared with the macrolide compound alone and the transgenic useful plant alone. Examples of such advantageous properties which may be mentioned are: extension of the pesticidal spectrum of action to other pests, for example to resistant strains; reduction in the application rate of the macrolide compound, or sufficient control of the pests with the aid of the compositions according to the invention even at an application rate of the macrolide compound alone and the transgenic useful plant alone are entirely ineffective; enhanced crop safety; improved quality of produce such as higher content of nutrient or oil, better fiber quality, enhanced shelf life, reduced content of toxic products such as mycotoxins, reduced content of residues or unfavorable constituents of any kind or better digestability; improved tolerance to unfavorable temperatures, draughts or salt content of water; enhanced assimilation rates such as nutrient uptake, water uptake and photosynthesis; favorable crop properties such as altered leaf aerea, reduced vegetative growth, increased yields, favorable seed shape/seed thickness or germination properties, altered colonialisation by saprophytes or epiphytes, reduction of senescense, improved phytoalexin production, improved of accelerated ripening, flower set increase, reduced boll fall and shattering, better attraction to beneficials and predators, increased pollination, reduced attraction to birds; or other advantages known to those skilled in the art.
The macrolide compounds used according to the inventions part (A), (B) and (C) are known to those skilled in the art. They are the classes of substances which are disclosed as milbemycins and avermectins, for example in US-P-4 310 519, US-P-5 077 298, German Offenlegungsschrift 2 717 040 or US-P-4 427 663. These macrolides are also to be understood as meaning, in accordance with the invention, the derivatives of these substances, that is, for example, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, ivermectin, abamectin, emamectin and doramectin, and also spinosyns of the formula
Figure imgf000005_0001
in which R^ R2, R3, R , R5 and R6 independently of one another are hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group and the substructures A, and B independently of one another denote that the two carbon atoms, to which each of these substructures is bonded, are linked by a single bond, by a double bond or by a single bond and an epoxy bridge, in free form or, if appropriate, in agrochemically utilizable salt form.
Within the scope of invention (A) abamectin is preferred. Abamectin is a mixture of avermectin B1a and avermectin Bιb and is described, for example, in The Pesticide Manual, 10,hEd. (1994), The British Crop Protection Council, London, page 3.
Also preferred within the scope of invention (A) is emamectin, which is 4"-De- oxy-4"-epi-N-methylamino avermectin B1b/B1a, known from US-P-4,874,749 and as MK-244 described in Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol. 59 (1994), pages 7704-7708. Agrochemically especially useful salts of emamectin are described in US-P-5,288,710.
Also preferred within the scope of invention (A) is the group of compounds consisting of the spinosyns and their derivatives; the group of compounds consisting of the naturally occurring spinosyns; or the group of compounds consisting of the derivatives of the naturally occurring spinosyns. Preferably, the active ingredient may comprise, within the scope of the subject-matter of the invention (A), spinosyn A; spinosyn D; or a mixture composed of spinosyn A and spinosyn D; especially preferred is spinosad. spinosad is known from the "The Pesticide Manual", 11th Ed. (1997), The British Crop Protection Council, London, United Kingdom, pages 1272-1273.
The agrochemically compatible salts of the macrolide compounds are, for example, acid addition salts of inorganic and organic acids, in particular of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, tri- fluoroacetic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid or benzoic acid. Preferred within the scope of the present invention is a composition known per se which comprises, as active ingredient, abamectin or spinosad in the free form, and emamectin as the benzoate salt.
The transgenic plants used according to the invention (A) are plants, or propagation material thereof, which are transformed by means of recombinant DNA technology in such a way that they are - for instance - capable of synthesizing selectively acting toxins as are known, for example, from toxin-producinginvertebrates, especially of the phylum Arthropoda, as can be obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis strains; or as are known from plants, such as lectins; or in the alternative capable of expressing a herbicidal or fungicidal resistance. Examples of such toxins, or transgenic plants which are capable of synthesizing such toxins, have been disclosed, for example, in EP-A-0 374 753, WO 93/07278, WO 95/34656, EP-A-0 427 529 and EP-A-451 878 and are incorporated by reference in the present application.
The methods for generating such transgenic plants are widely known to those skilled in the art and described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.
The toxins which can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, toxins, such as proteins which have insecticidal properties and which are expressed by transgenic plants, for example Bacillus cereus proteins or Bacillus popliae proteins; or Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxins (B.t.), such as CrylA(a), CrylA(b), CrylA(c), CryllA, CrylllA, CrylllB2 orCytA; VIP1 ; VIP2; VIP3; or insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonising nematodes like Photorhabdus spp or Xenorhabdus spp such as Photorhabdus luminescens, Xenorhabdus nematophilus etc.; proteinase inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin, papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP), such as ricin, maize RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin; plant lectins such as pea lectins, barley lectins or snowdrop lectins; or agglutinins; toxins produced by animals, such as scorpion toxins, spider venoms, wasp venoms and other insect-specific neurotoxins; steroid metabolism enzymes, such as 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, ecdysteroid UDP-glycosyl transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecdysone inhibitors, HMG-COAreductase, ion channel blockers such as sodium and calcium, juvenile hormone esterase, diuretic hormone receptors, stilbene synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinases and glucanases.
Examples of known transgenic plants which comprise one or more genes which encode insecticidal resistance and express one or more toxins are the following: KnockOut® (maize), YieldGard® (maize); NuCOTN 33B® (cotton), Bollgard® (cotton), NewLeaf® (potatoes), NatureGard® and Protecta®.
The following table comprises further examples of targets and principles and crop phenotypes of transgenic crops which show tolerance against pests mainly insects, mites, nematodes, virus, bacteria and diseases or are tolerant to specific herbicides or classes of herbicides.
Table A1 : Crop: Maize
Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Acetolactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones,
Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyioxybenzoates, Phtalides
AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin
O-Methyl transferase altered iignin levels
Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and catabolism
Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc. Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 Xenobiotics and herbicides such as
Sulfonylureas
Dimboa biosynthesis (Bx1 gene) Helminthosporium turcicum,
Rhopalosiphum maydis, Diplodia maydis, Ostrinia nubilalis, lepidoptera sp.
CMIII (small basic maize seed peptide plant pathogenes eg. fusarium, alternaria, sclerotina
Corn- SAFP (zeamatin) plant pathogenes eg. fusarium, alternaria, sclerotina, rhizoctonia, chaetomium.phycomyces
Hm1 gene Cochliobulus
Chitinases plant pathogenes
Glucanases plant pathogenes
Coat proteins viruses such as maize dwarf mosaic virus, maize chlorotic dwarf virus
Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and nematodes, eg. ostrinia nubilalis, Xenorhabdus toxins heliothis zea, armyworms eg. spodoptera f rugiperda, corn rootworms, sesamia sp., black cutworm, asian corn borer.weevils
3- Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, eg. ostrinia nubilalis, heliothis zea, armyworms eg. spodoptera frugiperda, corn rootworms, sesamia sp., black cutworm, asian corn borer, weevils
Peroxidase lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, eg. ostrinia nubilalis, heliothis zea, armyworms eg. spodoptera frugiperda, corn rootworms, sesamia sp., black cutworm, asian corn Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to borer, weevils
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, aminopeptidase inhibitor (LAPI) nematodes, eg. ostrinia nubilalis, heliothis zea, armyworms eg. spodoptera frugiperda, corn rootworms, sesamia sp., black cutworm, asian corn borer, weevils
Limonene synthase corn rootworms
Lectines lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, eg. ostrinia nubilalis, heliothis zea, armyworms eg. spodoptera frugiperda, corn rootworms, sesamia sp., black cutworm, asian corn borer, weevils
Protease Inhibitors eg. cystatin, patatin, weevils, corn rootworm virgiferin, CPTI ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, eg. ostrinia nubilalis, heliothis zea, armyworms eg. spodoptera frugiperda, corn rootworms, sesamia sp., black cutworm, asian corn borer, weevils maize 5C9 polypeptide lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, eg. ostrinia nubilalis, heliothis zea, armyworms eg. spodoptera frugiperda, corn rootworms, sesamia sp., black cutworm, asian corn borer, weevils
HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, eg. ostrinia nubilalis, heliothis zea, armyworms eg. spodoptera frugiperda, corn rootworms, Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to sesamia sp., black cutworm, asian corn borer, weevils
Table A2: Crop Wheat
Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Acetolactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones,
Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides
AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or (HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and cataboiism
Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 Xenobiotics and herbicides such as
Sulfonylureas
Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP plant pathogenes eg septoria and Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to fusarioum glucose oxidase plant pathogenes eg. fusarium, septoria pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes plant pathogenes eg. fusarium, septoria serine/threonine kinases plant pathogenes eg. fusarium, septoria and other diseases
Hypersensitive response eliciting plant pathogenes eg. fusarium, septoria polypeptide and other diseases
Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens
Chitinases plant pathogenes
Glucanases plant pathogenes double stranded ribonuclease viruses such as BYDV and MSMV
Coat proteins viruses such as BYDV and MSMV
Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera,
Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and nematodes,
Xenorhabdus toxins
3- Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes,
Peroxidase lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes,
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, aminopeptidase inhibitor nematodes,
Lectines lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, aphids
Protease Inhibitors eg. cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, virgiferin, CPTI nematodes, aphids ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, aphids
HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, eg. ostrinia nubilalis, heliothis zea, armyworms eg. spodoptera frugiperda, corn rootworms, Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to sesamia sp., black cutworm, asian corn borer, weevils
Table A3: Crop Barley
Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Acetolactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones,
Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides
AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin
O-Methyl transferase altered lignin levels
Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and catabolism
Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate Protopoφhyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 Xenobiotics and herbicides such as
Sulfonylureas
Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP plant pathogenes eg septoria and Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to fusarioum glucose oxidase plant pathogenes eg. fusarium, septoria pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes plant pathogenes eg. fusarium, septoria serine/threonine kinases plant pathogenes eg. fusarium, septoria and other diseases
Hypersensitive response eliciting plant pathogenes eg. fusarium, septoria polypeptide and other diseases
Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens
Chitinases plant pathogenes
Glucanases plant pathogenes double stranded ribonuclease viruses such as BYDV and MSMV
Coat proteins viruses such as BYDV and MSMV
Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera,
Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and nematodes,
Xenorhabdus toxins
3- Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes,
Peroxidase lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes,
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, aminopeptidase inhibitor nematodes,
Lectines lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, aphids
Protease Inhibitors eg. cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, virgiferin, CPTI nematodes, aphids ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, aphids
HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, aphids
Table A4: Crop Rice Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Acetoiactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones,
Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides
AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or (HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and catabolism
Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 Xenobiotics and herbicides such as
Sulfonylureas
Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP plant pathogenes glucose oxidase plant pathogenes pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes plant pathogenes serine/threonine kinases plant pathogenes Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) plant pathogenes eg bacterial leaf blight and rice blast, inducible Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to phytoalexins plant pathogenes eg bacterial leaf blight and rice blast
B-1 ,3-glucanase antisense plant pathogenes eg bacterial leaf blight and rice blast receptor kinase plant pathogenes eg bacterial leaf blight and rice blast
Hypersensitive response eliciting plant pathogenes polypeptide
Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens
Chitinases plant pathogenes eg bacterial leaf blight and rice blast
Glucanases plant pathogenes double stranded ribonuclease viruses such as BYDV and MSMV
Coat proteins viruses such as BYDV and MSMV
Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg
Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and rice water weevil, diptera, rice hoppers
Xenorhabdus toxins eg brown rice hopper
3- Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg rice water weevil, diptera, rice hoppers eg brown rice hopper
Peroxidase lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg rice water weevil, diptera, rice hoppers eg brown rice hopper
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg aminopeptidase inhibitor rice water weevil, diptera, rice hoppers eg brown rice hopper
Lectines lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg rice water weevil, diptera, rice hoppers eg brown rice hopper
Protease Inhibitors, lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to rice water weevil, diptera, rice hoppers eg brown rice hopper ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg rice water weevil, diptera, rice hoppers eg brown rice hopper
HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg rice water weevil, diptera, rice hoppers eg brown rice hopper
Table A5: Crop Soya
Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Acetoiactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones,
Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides
AcetylCoA Carboxyiase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin
O-Methyl transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and catabolism
Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens such as fusarium, scierotinia, stemrot oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as fusarium, scierotinia, stemrot glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as fusarium, scierotinia, stemrot pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens such as fusarium, scierotinia, stemrot serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as fusarium, scierotinia, stemrot
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens such as fusarium, scierotinia, stemrot phytoalexins plant pathogenes eg bacterial leaf blight and rice blast
B-1 ,3-glucanase antisense plant pathogenes eg bacterial leaf blight and rice blast receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as fusarium, scierotinia, stemrot
Hypersensitive response eliciting plant pathogenes polypeptide
Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens
Chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as fusarium, scierotinia, stemrot
Glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as fusarium, scierotinia, stemrot Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to double stranded ribonuclease viruses such as BPMV and SbMV
Coat proteins viruses such as BYDV and MSMV
Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, coleoptera, aphids
Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and
Xenorhabdus toxins
3- Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, coleoptera, aphids
Peroxidase lepidoptera, coleoptera, aphids
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, coleoptera, aphids aminopeptidase inhibitor
Lectines lepidoptera, coleoptera, aphids
Protease Inhibitors eg virgiferin lepidoptera, coleoptera, aphids
ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, coleoptera, aphids
HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, coleoptera, aphids
Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
Cyst nematode hatching stimulus cyst nematodes Antifeeding principles nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
Table A6: Crop Potatoes
Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Acetoiactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones,
Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides
AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin
O-Methyl transferase altered lignin levels
Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos
Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and catabolism
Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate Protopoφhyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
Polyphenol oxidase or Polyphenol blackspot bruise oxidase antisense
Metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens such as phytophtora
Ribonuclease Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens such as phytophtora oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
Cecropin B bacteria such as corynebacterium sepedonicum, Erwinia carotovora
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
B-1 ,3-glucanase antisense bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial and fungal pathogens such as polypeptide Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens
Chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
Barnase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
Phytophtora, Verticillium,
Rhizoctonia
Disease resistance response gene 49 bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
Phytophtora, Verticillium,
Rhizoctonia trans aldolase antisense blackspots Glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia double stranded ribonuclease viruses such as PLRV, PVY and TRV
Coat proteins viruses such as PLRV, PVY and TRV
17kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses such as PLRV, PVY and TRV
Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b viruses such as PLRV, PVY and TRV Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Pseudoubiquitin viruses such as PLRV, PVY and TRV
Replicase viruses such as PLRV, PVY and TRV
Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, coleoptera eg Colorado potato beetle,
Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and aphids
Xenorhabdus toxins
3- Hydroxysteroid oxidase coleoptera eg Colorado potato beetle, aphids
Peroxidase coleoptera eg Colorado potato beetle, aphids
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine coleoptera eg Colorado potato beetle, aminopeptidase inhibitor aphids stilbene synthase coleoptera eg Colorado potato beetle, aphids
Lectines coleoptera eg Colorado potato beetle, aphids
Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin coleoptera eg Colorado potato beetle, aphids
ribosome inactivating protein coleoptera eg Colorado potato beetle, aphids
HMG-CoA reductase coleoptera eg Colorado potato beetle, aphids
Cyst nematode hatching stimulus cyst nematodes Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
Antifeeding principles nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
Table A7: Crop Tomatoes
Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Acetoiactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones, Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides
AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin
O-Methyl transferase altered lignin levels
Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos
Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and catabolism
Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
Polyphenol oxidase or Polyphenol blackspot bruise oxidase antisense
Metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens such as phytophtora
Ribonuclease Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to etc.
oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc. glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc. pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc. serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc.
Cecropin B bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc.
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc.
Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 leaf mould
Osmotin alternaria solani
Alpha Hordothionin bacteria
Systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to etc.
Polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc.
Prf regulatory gene bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc.
12 Fusarium resistance locus fusarium phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc.
B-1 ,3-glucanase antisense bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc. receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc.
Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial and fungal pathogens such as polypeptide bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc.
Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens
Chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc.
Figure imgf000025_0001
Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to aphids
HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera eg heliothis, whiteflies aphids
Cyst nematode hatching stimulus cyst nematodes
Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
Antifeeding principles nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
Table A8: Crop Peppers
Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Acetoiactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones,
Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides
AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and catabolism
Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
Polyphenol oxidase or Polyphenol bacterial and fungal pathogens oxidase antisense
Metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens
Ribonuclease bacterial and fungal pathogens
Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens
Cecropin B bacterial and fungal pathogens rot, leaf mould etc.
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens
Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens
Osmotin bacterial and fungal pathogens
Alpha Hordothionin bacterial and fungal pathogens
Systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens
Polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens
Prf regulatory gene bacterial and fungal pathogens
12 Fusarium resistance locus fusarium phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens
B-1 ,3-glucanase antisense bacterial and fungal pathogens receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens
Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial and fungal pathogens polypeptide
Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens
Barnase bacterial and fungal pathogens
Glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens double stranded ribonuclease viruses such as CMV, TEV
Coat proteins viruses such as CMV, TEV
17kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses such as CMV, TEV
Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses such as CMV, TEV
Nucleoprotein
Pseudoubiquitin viruses such as CMV, TEV
Replicase viruses such as CMV, TEV
Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids
Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and
Xenorhabdus toxins
3- Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids
Peroxidase lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids aminopeptidase inhibitor
Lectines lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids
Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids stilbene synthase lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids
HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids
Cyst nematode hatching stimulus cyst nematodes
Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
Antifeeding principles nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
Table A9: Crop Grapes
Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Acetoiactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones, Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides
AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin
O-Methyl transferase altered lignin levels
Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos
Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and catabolism
Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate Protopoφhyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
Polyphenol oxidase or Polyphenol bacterial and fungal pathogens like oxidase antisense Botrytis and powdery mildew
Metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
Ribonuclease bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
Cecropin B bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
Osmotin bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
Alpha Hordothionin bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
Systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
Polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
Prf regulatory gene bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
B-1 ,3-glucanase antisense bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial and fungal pathogens like Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to polypeptide Botrytis and powdery mildew
Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens
Chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
Barnase bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
Glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew double stranded ribonuclease viruses
Coat proteins viruses
17kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses
Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses
Figure imgf000031_0001
Pseudoubiquitin viruses
Replicase viruses
Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, aphids
Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and
Xenorhabdus toxins
3- Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, aphids
Peroxidase lepidoptera, aphids
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids aminopeptidase inhibitor
Lectines lepidoptera, aphids
Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin lepidoptera, aphids ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids, diseases
HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, aphids
Cyst nematode hatching stimulus cyst nematodes
Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes or general diseases
CBI root knot nematodes Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Antifeeding principles nematodes eg root knot nematodes or root cyst nematodes
Table A10: crop Oil Seed rape
Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Acetoiactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones,
Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides
AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin
O-Methyl transferase altered lignin levels
Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos
Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and catabolism
Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
Polyphenol oxidase or Polyphenol bacterial and fungal pathogens like Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to oxidase antisense Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia Metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia
Ribonuclease bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia
Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia
Cecropin B bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia
Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia
Osmotin bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia
Alpha Hordothionin bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia
Systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia
Polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia
Prf regulatory gene bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens like Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia
B-1 ,3-glucanase antisense bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia
Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial and fungal pathogens like polypeptide Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia
Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens
Chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia
Barnase bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia, nematodes
Glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Scierotinia double stranded ribonuclease viruses
Coat proteins viruses
17kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses
Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses
Nucleoprotein
Pseudoubiquitin viruses
Replicase viruses
Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, aphids
Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and
Xenorhabdus toxins
3- Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, aphids
Peroxidase lepidoptera, aphids
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids aminopeptidase inhibitor
Lectines lepidoptera, aphids
Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, aphids Effected target or expressed principie(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
CPTI ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids, diseases
HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, aphids
Cyst nematode hatching stimulus cyst nematodes
Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
CBI root knot nematodes
Antifeeding principles induced at a nematodes eg root knot nematodes, root nematode feeding site cyst nematodes
Table A1 1 : Crop Brassica vegetable (cabbage, brussel sprouts, broccoli etc.)
Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Acetoiactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones,
Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides
AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or (HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and catabolism
Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate Protopoφhyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
Polyphenol oxidase or Polyphenol bacterial and fungal pathogens oxidase antisense
Metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens
Ribonuclease bacterial and fungal pathogens
Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens
Cecropin B bacterial and fungal pathogens
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens
Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens
Osmotin bacterial and fungal pathogens
Alpha Hordothionin bacterial and fungal pathogens
Systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens
Polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens
Prf regulatory gene bacterial and fungal pathogens phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens
B-1 ,3-glucanase antisense bacterial and fungal pathogens receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens
Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial and fungal pathogens polypeptide
Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens
Chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Barnase bacterial and fungal pathogens
Glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens double stranded ribonuclease viruses
Coat proteins viruses
17kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses
Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses
Nucleoprotein
Pseudoubiquitin viruses
Replicase viruses
Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, aphids
Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and
Xenorhabdus toxins
3- Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, aphids
Peroxidase lepidoptera, aphids
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids aminopeptidase inhibitor
Lectines lepidoptera, aphids
Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, aphids
CPTI ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids, diseases
HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, aphids
Cyst nematode hatching stimulus cyst nematodes
Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
CBI root knot nematodes
Antifeeding principles induced at a nematodes eg root knot nematodes, root nematode feeding site cyst nematodes Table A12 : Crop Pome fruits eg apples, pears
Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Acetoiactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones,
Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides
AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or (HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and catabolism
Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate Protopoφhyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
Polyphenol oxidase or Polyphenol bacterial and fungal pathogens like oxidase antisense apple scab or fireblight
Metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
Ribonuclease bacterial and fungal pathogens like Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to apple scab or fireblight
Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
Cecropin B bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
Osmotin bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
Alpha Hordothionin bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
Systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
Polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
Prf regulatory gene bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
B-1 ,3-glucanase antisense bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens like Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to apple scab or fireblight
Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial and fungal pathogens like polypeptide apple scab or fireblight
Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens
Lytic protein bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
Lysozym bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
Chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
Barnase bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
Glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight double stranded ribonuclease viruses
Coat proteins viruses
17kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses
Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses
Nucleoprotein
Pseudoubiquitin viruses
Replicase viruses
Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, aphids, mites
Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and
Xenorhabdus toxins
3- Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites
Peroxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids, mites aminopeptidase inhibitor
Lectines lepidoptera, aphids, mites
Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, aphids , mites Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
CPTI ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids, mites stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids, diseases, mites
HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, aphids, mites
Cyst nematode hatching stimulus cyst nematodes
Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
CBI root knot nematodes
Antifeeding principles induced at a nematodes eg root knot nematodes, root nematode feeding site cyst nematodes
Table A13: Crop Melons
Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Acetoiactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones,
Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides
AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or (HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and catabolism
Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate Protopoφhyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
Polyphenol oxidase or Polyphenol bacterial or fungal pathogens like oxidase antisense phytophtora
Metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
Ribonuclease bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
Cecropin B bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
Osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Alpha Hordothionin bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
Systemin bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
Polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
Prf regulatory gene bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
B-1 ,3-glucanase antisense bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora receptor kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial or fungal pathogens like polypeptide phytophtora
Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens
Lytic protein bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
Lysozym bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
Chitinases bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
Barnase bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
Glucanases bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora double stranded ribonuclease viruses as CMV,, PRSV, WMV2, SMV, ZYMV
Coat proteins viruses as CMV,, PRSV, WMV2, SMV, Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
ZYMV
17kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses as CMV,, PRSV, WMV2, SMV,
ZYMV
Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses as CMV„ PRSV, WMV2, SMV,
Nucleoprotein ZYMV
Pseudoubiquitin viruses as CMV„ PRSV, WMV2, SMV,
ZYMV
Replicase viruses as CMV,, PRSV, WMV2, SMV,
ZYMV
Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, aphids, mites
Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and
Xenorhabdus toxins
3- Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly
Peroxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly aminopeptidase inhibitor
Lectines lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly
Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly
CPTI, virgiferin ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly
HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly
Cyst nematode hatching stimulus cyst nematodes
Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
CBI root knot nematodes
Antifeeding principles induced at a nematodes eg root knot nematodes, root nematode feeding site cyst nematodes
Table A14: Crop Banana
Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to Effected target or expressed ρrinciple(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Acetoiactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones,
Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides
AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or (HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and catabolism
Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
Polyphenol oxidase or Polyphenol bacterial or fungal pathogens oxidase antisense
Metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens
Ribonuclease bacterial or fungal pathogens
Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial or fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
Cecropin B bacterial or fungal pathogens
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial or fungal pathogens
Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens
Osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens
Alpha Hordothionin bacterial or fungal pathogens
Systemin bacterial or fungal pathogens
Polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or fungal pathogens
Prf regulatory gene bacterial or fungal pathogens phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens
B-1 ,3-glucanase antisense bacterial or fungal pathogens receptor kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens
Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial or fungal pathogens polypeptide
Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens
Lytic protein bacterial or fungal pathogens
Lysozym bacterial or fungal pathogens
Chitinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
Barnase bacterial or fungal pathogens
Glucanases bacterial or fungal pathogens double stranded ribonuclease viruses as Banana bunchy top virus
(BBTV)
Coat proteins viruses as Banana bunchy top virus
(BBTV)
17kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses as Banana bunchy top virus
(BBTV)
Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses as Banana bunchy top virus
Nucleoprotein (BBTV)
Pseudoubiquitin viruses as Banana bunchy top virus
(BBTV) Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Replicase viruses as Banana bunchy top virus
(BBTV)
Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes
Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and
Xenorhabdus toxins
3- Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes
Peroxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes aminopeptidase inhibitor
Lectines lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes
Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes
CPTI, virgiferin ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes
HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes
Cyst nematode hatching stimulus cyst nematodes
Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
CBI root knot nematodes
Antifeeding principles induced at a nematodes eg root knot nematodes, root nematode feeding site cyst nematodes
Table A15: Crop Cotton
Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Acetoiactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones,
Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides
AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin
O-Methyl transferase altered lignin levels
Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos
Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and catabolism
Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate
Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
Polyphenol oxidase or Polyphenol bacterial or fungal pathogens oxidase antisense
Metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens
Ribonuclease bacterial or fungal pathogens
Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial or fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
Cecropin B bacterial or fungal pathogens
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial or fungal pathogens
Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens
Osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens
Alpha Hordothionin bacterial or fungal pathogens Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Systemin bacterial or fungal pathogens
Polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or fungal pathogens
Prf regulatory gene bacterial or fungal pathogens phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens
B-1 ,3-glucanase antisense bacterial or fungal pathogens receptor kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens
Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial or fungal pathogens polypeptide
Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens
Lytic protein bacterial or fungal pathogens
Lysozym bacterial or fungal pathogens
Chitinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
Barnase bacterial or fungal pathogens
Glucanases bacterial or fungal pathogens double stranded ribonuclease viruses as wound tumor virus (WIN)
Coat proteins viruses as wound tumor virus (WIN)
17kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses as wound tumor virus (WIN)
Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses as wound tumor virus (WTV)
Nucleoprotein
Pseudoubiquitin viruses as wound tumor virus (WTV)
Replicase viruses as wound tumor virus (WIN)
Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and whitefly
Xenorhabdus toxins
3- Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly
Peroxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, aminopeptidase inhibitor whitefly
Lectines lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to whitefly
Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
CPTI, virgiferin whitefly ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly
HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly
Cyst nematode hatching stimulus cyst nematodes Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
CBI root knot nematodes
Antifeeding principles induced at a nematodes eg root knot nematodes, root nematode feeding site cyst nematodes
Table A16: Crop Sugarcane
Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to Acetoiactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones,
Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides
AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or (HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and catabolism
Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate Protopoφhyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
Polyphenol oxidase or Polyphenol bacterial or fungal pathogens oxidase antisense
Metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens
Ribonuclease bacterial or fungal pathogens
Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial or fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
Cecropin B bacterial or fungal pathogens
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial or fungal pathogens
Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens
Osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens
Alpha Hordothionin bacterial or fungal pathogens
Systemin bacterial or fungal pathogens
Polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or ungal pathogens
Prf regulatory gene bacterial or fungal pathogens phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens
B-1 ,3-glucanase antisense bacterial or fungal pathogens receptor kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial or fungal pathogens polypeptide
Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens
Lytic protein bacterial or fungal pathogens
Lysozym bacterial or fungal pathogens eg clavibacter
Chitinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
Barnase bacterial or fungal pathogens
Glucanases bacterial or fungal pathogens double stranded ribonuclease viruses as SCMV, SrMV
Coat proteins viruses as SCMV, SrMV
17kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses as SCMV, SrMV
Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses as SCMV, SrMV
Nucleoprotein
Pseudoubiquitin viruses as SCMV, SrMV
Replicase viruses as SCMV, SrMV
Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and whitefly, beetles eg mexican rice borer
Xenorhabdus toxins
3- Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles eg mexican rice borer
Peroxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles eg mexican rice borer
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, aminopeptidase inhibitor whitefly, beetles eg mexican rice borer
Lectines lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles eg mexican rice borer
Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, CPTI, virgiferin whitefly, beetles eg mexican rice borer Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles eg mexican rice borer stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles eg mexican rice borer
HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles eg mexican rice borer
Cyst nematode hatching stimulus cyst nematodes Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
CBI root knot nematodes
Antifeeding principles induced at a nematodes eg root knot nematodes, root nematode feeding site cyst nematodes
Table A17: Crop Sunflower
Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Acetoiactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones,
Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides
AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or (HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and catabolism
Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate
Synthase (EPSPS)
Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
Polyphenol oxidase or Polyphenol bacterial or fungal pathogens oxidase antisense
Metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens
Ribonuclease bacterial or fungal pathogens
Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial or fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens eg scierotinia glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
Cecropin B bacterial or fungal pathogens
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial or fungal pathogens
Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens
Osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens
Alpha Hordothionin bacterial or fungal pathogens
Systemin bacterial or fungal pathogens
Polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or fungal pathogens
Prf regulatory gene bacterial or fungal pathogens phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens
B-1 ,3-glucanase antisense bacterial or fungal pathogens receptor kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens
Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial or fungal pathogens polypeptide Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens
Lytic protein bacterial or fungal pathogens
Lysozym bacterial or fungal pathogens
Chitinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
Barnase bacterial or fungal pathogens
Glucanases bacterial or fungal pathogens double stranded ribonuclease viruses as CMV, TMV
Coat proteins viruses as CMV, TMV
17kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses as CMV, TMV
Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses as CMV, TMV
Nucleoprotein
Pseudoubiquitin viruses as CMV, TMV
Replicase viruses as CMV, TMV
Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and whitefly, beetles
Xenorhabdus toxins
3- Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles
Peroxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, aminopeptidase inhibitor whitefly, beetles
Lectines lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles
Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
CPTI, virgiferin whitefly, beetles ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, Effected target or expressed principie(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to whitefly, beetles
HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles
Cyst nematode hatching stimulus cyst nematodes
Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
CBI root knot nematodes
Antifeeding principles induced at a nematodes eg root knot nematodes, root nematode feeding site cyst nematodes
Table A18: Crop Sugarbeet, Beet root
Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Acetoiactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones,
Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides
AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenyipyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or (HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and catabolism
Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil and loxinyl
5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers, cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas
Polyphenol oxidase or Polyphenol bacterial or fungal pathogens oxidase antisense
Metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens
Ribonuclease bacterial or fungal pathogens
Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial or fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens eg scierotinia glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
Cecropin B bacterial or fungal pathogens
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial or fungal pathogens
Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens
Osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens
Alpha Hordothionin bacterial or fungal pathogens
Systemin bacterial or fungal pathogens
Polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or fungal pathogens
Prf regulatory gene bacterial or fungal pathogens phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens
B-1 ,3-glucanase antisense bacterial or fungal pathogens
AX + WIN proteins bacterial or fungal pathogens like Cercospora beticola receptor kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens
Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial or fungal pathogens polypeptide
Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to genes pathogens
Lytic protein bacterial or fungal pathogens
Lysozym bacterial or fungal pathogens
Chitinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
Barnase bacterial or fungal pathogens
Glucanases bacterial or fungal pathogens double stranded ribonuclease viruses as BNYW
Coat proteins viruses as BNYW
17kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses as BNYVV
Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses as BNYVV
Nucleoprotein
Pseudoubiquitin viruses as BNYVV
Replicase viruses as BNYVV
Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and whitefly, beetles, rootflies
Xenorhabdus toxins
3- Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles, rootflies
Peroxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles, rootflies
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, aminopeptidase inhibitor whitefly, beetles, rootflies
Lectines lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles, rootflies
Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
CPTI, virgiferin whitefly, beetles, rootflies ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles, rootflies stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles, rootflies
HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles, rootflies Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype / Tolerance to
Cyst nematode hatching stimulus cyst nematodes
Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
Beet cyst nematode resistance locus cyst nematodes
CBI root knot nematodes
Antifeeding principles induced at a nematodes eg root knot nematodes, root nematode feeding site cyst nematodes
The abovementioned animal pests which can be controlled by the method according to the invention (A) include, for example, insects, representatives of the order acarina and representatives of the class nematoda; especially from the order Lepidoptera Acleris spp., Adoxophyes spp., especially Adoxophyes reticulana; Aegeria spp., Agrotis spp., especially Agrotis spinifera; Alabama argillaceae, Amylois spp., Anticarsia gemmatalis, Archips spp., Argyrotaenia spp., Autographa spp., Busseola fusca, Cadra cautella, Carposina nipponensis, Chilo spp., Choristoneura spp., Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocrocis spp., Cnephasia spp., Cochylis spp., Coleophora spp., Crocidolomia binotalis, Cryptophlebia leucotreta, Cydia spp., especially Cydia pomonella; Diatraea spp., Diparopsis castanea, Earias spp., Ephestia spp., especially E. Khϋniella; Eucosma spp., Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis spp., Euxoa spp., Grapholita spp., Hedya nubiferana, Heliothis spp., especially H. virescens and H. zea; Hellula undalis, Hyphantria cunea, Keiferia lycopersicella, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocollethis spp., Lobesiaspp., Lymantria spp., Lyonetia spp., Malacosoma spp., Mamestra brassicae, Manduca sexta, Operophtera spp., Ostrinia nubilalis, Pammene spp., Pandemis spp., Panolis flammea, Pectinophora spp., Phthorimaea operculella, Pieris rapae, Pieris spp., Plutella xylostella, Prays spp., Sciφophaga spp., Sesamia spp., Sparganothis spp., Spodopteralittoralis, Synanthedon spp., Thaumetopoea spp., Tortrix spp., Trichoplusia ni and Yponomeuta spp.; from the order Coleoptera, for example Agriotes spp., Anthonomus spp., Atomaria linearis, Chaetocnema tibialis, Cosmopolites spp., Curcuiio spp., Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., Epilachna spp., Eremnus spp., Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lissorhoptrus spp., Melolontha spp., Oryzaephilus spp., Otiorhynchus spp., Phlyctinus spp., Popillia spp., Psylliodes spp., Rhizopertha spp., Scarabeidae, Sitophilus spp., Sitotroga spp., Tenebrio spp., Tribolium spp. and Trogoderma spp.; from the order Orthoptera, for example Blatta spp., Blattella spp., Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Peripianeta spp. and Schistocerca spp.; from the order Isoptera, for example Reticulitermes spp.; from the order Psocoptera, for example Liposcelis spp.; from the order Anoplura, for example Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Pemphigus spp. and Phylloxera spp.; from the order Mallophaga, for example Damalinea spp. and Trichodectes spp.; from the order Thysanoptera, for example Frankliniella spp., Hercinothrips spp., Taeniothrips spp., Thrips palmi, Thrips tabaci and Scirtothrips aurantii; from the order Heteroptera, for example Cimex spp., Distantiella theobroma, Dysdercus spp., Euchistus spp. Eurygaster spp. Leptocorisa spp., Nezara spp., Piesma spp., Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scotinophara spp. and Triatoma spp.; from the order Homoptera, for example Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aieyrodes brassicae, Aonidiella aurantii, Aphididae, Aphiscraccivora, A. fabae, A. gosypii; Aspidiotus spp., Bemisia tabaci, Ceroplaster spp., Chrysomphalus aonidium, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Coccus hesperidum, Empoasca spp., Eriosoma lanigerum, Erythroneura spp., Gascardia spp., Laodelphax spp., Lecanium corni, Lepidosaphes spp., Macrosiphus spp., Myzus spp., especially M.persicae; Nephotettix spp., especially N. cincticeps; Niiaparvata spp., especially N. lugens; Paratoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Planococcus spp., Pseudaulacaspis spp., Pseudococcus spp., especially P. Fragilis, P. citriculus and P. comstocki; Psylla spp., especially P. pyri; Pulvinaria aethiopica, Quadraspidiotus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoideus spp., Schizaphis spp., Sitobion spp., Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza erytreae and Unaspis citri; from the order Hymenoptera, for example Acromyrmex, Atta spp., Cephus spp., Diprion spp., Diprionidae, Gilpinia polytoma, Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Neodiprion spp., Solenopsis spp. and Vespa spp.; from the order Diptera, for example Aedes spp., Antherigona soccata, Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora erythrocephala, Ceratitis spp., Chrysomyia spp., Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Fannia spp., Gastrophilus spp., Glossina spp., Hypoderma spp., Hyppobosca spp., Liriomyza spp., Lucilia spp., Melanagromyza spp., Musca spp., Oestrus spp., Orseolia spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia spp., Rhagoletis pomonella, Sciara spp., Stomoxys spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp. and Tipula spp.; from the order Siphonaptera, for example Ceratophyllus spp. and Xenopsylla cheopis; from the order Thysanura, for example Lepisma saccharina and from the order Acarina, for example Acarus siro, Aceria sheldoni; Aculus spp., especially A. schlechtendali; Amblyomma spp., Argaε spp., Boophiluε spp., Brevipalpus spp., especially B. californicus and B. phoenicis; Bryobia praetiosa, Calipitrimerus spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eotetranychus spp., especially E.carpini and E. orientalis; Eriophyes spp., especially E. vitis; Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Olygonychus pratensis, Ornithodoros spp., Panonychus spp., especially P. ulmi and P. citri; Phyllocoptruta spp., especially P. oleivora; Polyphagotarsonemus spp., especially P. latus; Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Tarsonemus spp. and Tetranychus spp., in particular T. urticae, T. cinnabarinus and T. Kanzawai; representatives of the class Nematoda;
(1 ) nematodes selected from the group consisting of root knot nematodes, cyst-forming nematodes, stem eelworms and foliar nematodes;
(2) nematodes selected from the group consisting of Anguina spp.; Aphelenchoides spp.; Ditylenchus spp.; Globodera spp., for example Globodera rostochiensis; Heterodera spp., for example Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii or Heterodera trifolii; Longidorus spp.; Meloidogyne spp., for example Meloidogyne incognita or Meloidogyne javanica; Pratylenchus, for example Pratylenchus neglectans or Pratylenchus penetrans; Radopholus spp., for example Radopholus simiiis; Trichodorus spp.; Tylenchulus, for example Tylenchulus semipenetrans; and Xiphinema spp.; or
(3) nematodes selected from the group consisting of Heterodera spp., for example Heterodera glycines; and Meloidogyne spp., for example Meloidogyne incognita.
The method according to the invention (A) allows pests of the abovementioned type to be controlled, i.e. contained or destroyed, which occur, in particular, on transgenic plants, mainly useful plants and ornamentals in agriculture, in horticulture and in forests, or on parts, such as fruits, flowers, foliage, stalks, tubers or roots, of such plants, the protection against these pests in some cases even extending to plant parts which form at a later point in time. The method according to the invention (A) can be employed advantageously for controlling pests in rice, cereals such as maize or sorghum; in fruit, for example stone fruit, pome fruit and soft fruit such as apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries or berries, for example strawberries, raspberries and blackberries; in legumes such as beans, lentils, peas or soya beans; in oil crops such as oilseed rape, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconuts, castor-oil plants, cacao or peanuts; in the marrow family such as pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; in fibre plants such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; in citrus fruit such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit or tangerines; in vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage species, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, beet or capsicum; in the laurel family such as avocado, Cinnamonium or camphor; or in tobacco, nuts, coffee, egg plants, sugar cane, tea, pepper, grapevines, hops, the banana family, latex plants or ornamentals, mainly in maize, rice, cereals, soya beans, tomatoes, cotton, potatoes, sugar beet, rice and mustard; in particular in cotton, rice, soya beans, potatoes and maize.
It has emerged that the method according to the invention (A) is valuable preventatively and/or curatively in the field of pest control even at low use concentrations of the pesticidal composition and that a very favourable biocidal spectrum is achieved thereby. Combined with a favourable compatibility of the composition employed with warm-blooded species, fish and plants, the method according to the invention can be employed against all or individual developmental stages of normally-sensitive, but also of normally-resistant, animal pests such as insects and representatives of the order Acarina, depending on the species of the transgenic crop plant to be protected from attack by pests. The insecticidal and/or acaricidal effect of the method according to the invention may become apparent directly, i.e. in a destruction of the pests which occurs immediately or only after some time has elapsed, for example, during ecdysis, or indirectly, for example as a reduced oviposition and/or hatching rate, the good action corresponding to a destruction rate (mortality) of at least 40 to 50%.
Depending on the intended aims and the prevailing circumstances, the pesticides within the scope of invention (A), which are known per se, are emulsifiable concentrates, suspension concentrates, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, spreadable pastes, dilute emulsions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dispersible powders, wettable powders, dusts, granules or encapsulations in polymeric substances which comprise a macrolide compound. The active ingredients are employed in these compositions together with at least one of the auxiliaries conventionally used in art of formulation, such as extenders, for example solvents or solid carriers, or such as surface-active compounds (surfactants).
Formulation auxiliaries which are used are, for example, solid carriers, solvents, stabilizers, "slow release" auxiliaries, colourants and, if appropriate, surface-active substances (surfactants). Suitable carriers and auxiliaries are all those substances which are conventionally used for crop protection products. Suitable auxiliaries such as solvents, solid carriers, surface-active compounds, non-ionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants and other auxiliaries in the compositions employed according to the invention are, for example, those which have been described in EP-A-736 252.
These compositions for controlling pests can be formulated, for example, as wettable powders, dusts, granules, solutions, emulsifiable concentrates, emulsions, suspension concentrates or aerosols. For example, the compositions are of the type described in EP- A-736 252.
The action of the compositions within the scope of invention (A) which comprise a macrolide compound can be extended substantially and adapted to prevailing circumstances by adding other insecticidally, acaricidally and/or fungicidally active ingredients. Suitable examples of added active ingredients are representatives of the following classes of active ingredients: organophosphorous compounds, nitrophenols and derivatives, formamidines, ureas, carbamates, pyrethroids, chlorinated hydrocarbons; especially preferred components in mixtures are, for example, thiamethoxam, pymetrozine, fenoxycarb, imidacioprid, Ti-435, fipronil, pyriproxyfen, emamectin, diazinon or diafenthiuron.
As a rule, the compositions within the scope of invention (A) comprise 0.1 to 99%, in particular 0.1 to 95 %, of a macrolide compound and 1 to 99.9 %, in particular 5 to 99.9 %, of - at least - one solid or liquid auxiliary, it being possible, as a rule, for 0 to 25 %, in particular 0.1 to 20 %, of the compositions to be surfactants (% in each case meaning per cent by weight). While concentrated compositions are more preferred as commercial products, the end user will, as a rule, use dilute compositions which have considerably lower concentrations of active ingredient.
The compositions according to the invention (A) may also comprise other solid or liquid auxiliaries, such as stabilisers, for example epoxidized or unepoxidized vegetable oils (for example epoxidized coconut oil, rapeseed oil or soya bean oil), antifoams, for example silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders and/or tackifiers, and also fertilizers or other active ingredients for achieving specific effects, for example, bactericides, fungicides, nematicides, molluscicides or herbicides.
The compositions according to the invention (A) are produced in a known manner, for example prior to mixing with the auxiliary/auxiliaries by grinding, screening and/or compressing the active ingredient, for example to give a particular particle size, and by intimately mixing and/or grinding the active ingredient with the auxiliary/auxiliaries.
The method according to the invention for controlling pests of the abovementioned type is carried out in a manner known per se to those skilled in the art, depending on the intended aims and prevailing circumstances, that is to say by spraying, wetting, atomizing, dusting, brushing on, seed dressing, scattering or pouring of the composition. Typical use concentrations are between 0.1 and 1000 ppm, preferably between 0.1 and 500 ppm of active ingredient. The application rate may vary within wide ranges and depends on the soil constitution, the type of application (foliar application; seed dressing; application in the seed furrow), the transgenic crop plant, the pest to be controlled, the climatic circumstances prevailing in each case, and other factors determined by the type of application, timing of application and target crop. The application rates per hectare are generally 1 to 2000 g of macrolide compound per hectare, in particular 10 to 1000 g/ha, preferably 10 to 500 g/ha, especially preferably 10 to 200 g/ha.
A preferred type of application in the field of crop protection within the scope of invention (A) is application to the foliage of the plants (foliar application), it being possible to adapt frequency and rate of application to the risk of infestation with the pest in question. However, the active ingredient may also enter into the plants via the root system (systemic action), by drenching the site of the plants with a liquid composition or by incoφorating the active ingredient in solid form into the site of the plants, for example into the soil, for example in the form of granules (soil application). In the case of paddy rice crops, such granules may be metered into the flooded paddy field.
The compositions according to invention (A) are also suitable for protecting propagation material of transgenic plants, for example seed, such as fruits, tubers or kernels, or plant cuttings, from animal pests, in particular insects and representatives of the order Acarina. The propagation material can be treated with the composition prior to application, for example, seed being dressed prior to sowing. The active ingredient may also be applied to seed kernels (coating), either by soaking the kernels in a liquid composition or by coating them with a solid composition. The composition may also be applied to the site of application when applying the propagation material, for example into the seed furrow during sowing. These treatment methods for plant propagation material and the plant propagation material treated thus are a further subject of the invention.
Examples of formulations of macrolide compounds which can be used in the method according to the invention (A), for instance solutions, granules, dusts, sprayable powders, emulsion concentrates, coated granules and suspension concentrates, are of the type as has been described in, for example, EP-A-580 553, Examples F1 to F10.
Table B
The following abreviations are used in the table: Active Principle of transgenic plant: AP Photorhabdus luminescens: PL Xenorhabdus nematophilus: XN Proteinase Inhibitors: Plnh. Plant lectins Plec Agglutinins: Aggl. 3-Hydroxysteroid oxidase: HO Cholesteroloxidase: CO Chitinase: CH Glucanase: GL Stilbensynthase SS
Table B:
AP Control of AP Control of
B.l CrylA(a) Adoxophyes spp. B.5 CrylA(a) Chilo spp.
B.2 CrylA(a) Agrotis spp. B.6 CrylA(a) Clysia ambiguella
B.3 CrylA(a) Alabama B.7 CrylA(a) Crocidolomia argillaceae binotalis
B.4 CrylA(a) Anticarsia B.8 CrylA(a) Cydia spp. gemmatalis B.9 CrylA(a) Diparopsis AP Control of AP Control of castanea B.38 CrylA(a) Aleyrodes spp.
B.10 CrylA(a) Earias spp. B.39 CrylA(a) Aonidiella spp.
B.l l CrylA(a) Ephestia spp. B.40 CrylA(a) Aphididae spp.
B.12 CrylA(a) Heliothis spp. B.41 CrylA(a) Aphis spp.
B.13 CrylA(a) Hellula undalis B.42 CrylA(a) Bemisia tabaci
B.14 CrylA(a) Keiferia B.43 CrylA(a) Empoasca spp. lycopersicella B.44 CrylA(a) Mycus spp.
B.15 CrylA(a) Leucoptera scitella B.45 CrylA(a) Nephotettix spp.
B.16 CrylA(a) Lithocollethis spp. B.46 CrylA(a) Nilaparvata spp.
B.17 CrylA(a) Lobesia botrana B.47 CrylA(a) Pseudococcus spp.
B.18 CrylA(a) Ostrinia nubilalis B.48 CrylA(a) Psylla spp. B.19 CrylA(a) Pandemis spp. B.49 CrylA(a) Quadraspidiotus B.20 CrylA(a) Pectinophora spp. gossyp. B.50 CrylA(a) Schizaphis spp.
B.21 CrylA(a) Phyllocnistis citrella B.51 CrylA(a) Trialeurodes spp.
B.22 CrylA(a) Pieris spp. B.52 CrylA(a) Lyriomyza spp.
B.23 CrylA(a) Plutella xylostella B.53 CrylA(a) Oscinella spp.
B.24 CrylA(a) Scirpophaga spp. B.54 CrylA(a) Phorbia spp.
B.25 CrylA(a) Sesamia spp. B.55 CrylA(a) Frankliniella spp.
B.26 CrylA(a) Sparganothis spp. B.56 CrylA(a) Thrips spp.
B.27 CrylA(a) Spodoptera spp. B.57 CrylA(a) Scirtothrips aurantii
B.28 CrylA(a) Tortrix spp. B.58 CrylA(a) Aceria spp.
B.29 CrylA(a) Trichoplusia ni B.59 CrylA(a) Aculus spp.
B.30 CrylA(a) Agriotes spp. B.60 CrylA(a) Brevipalpus spp.
B.31 CrylA(a) Anthonomus B.61 CrylA(a) Panonychus spp. grandis B.62 CrylA(a) Phyllocoptruta spp.
B.32 CrylA(a) Curculio spp. B.63 CrylA(a) Tetranychus spp. B.33 CrylA(a) Diabrotica balteata B.64 CrylA(a) Heterodera spp. B.34 CrylA(a) Leptinotarsa spp. B.65 CrylA(a) Meloidogyne spp. B.35 CrylA(a) Lissorhoptrus spp. B.66 CrylA(b) Adoxophyes spp. B.36 CrylA(a) Otiorhynchus spp. B.67 CrylA(b) Agrotis spp. B.37 CrylA(a) Aleurothrixus spp. B.68 CrylA(b) Alabama AP Control of AP Control of argillaceae B.95 CrylA(b) Agriotes spp.
B.69 CrylA(b) Anticarsia B.96 CrylA(b) Anthonomus gemmatalis grandis
B.70 CrylA(b) Chilo spp. B.97 CrylA(b) Curculio spp.
B.71 CrylA(b) Clysia ambiguella B.98 CrylA(b) Diabrotica balteata
B.72 CrylA(b) Crocidolomia B.99 CrylA(b) Leptinotarsa spp. binotalis B.100 CrylA(b) Lissorhoptrus spp.
B.73 CrylA(b) Cydia spp. B.101 CrylA(b) Otiorhynchus spp.
B.74 CrylA(b) Diparopsis B.102 CrylA(b) Aleurothrixus spp. castanea B.103 CrylA(b) Aleyrodes spp.
B.75 CrylA(b) Earias spp. B.104 CrylA(b) Aonidiella spp.
B.76 CrylA(b) Ephestia spp. B.105 CrylA(b) Aphididae spp.
B.77 CrylA(b) Heliothis spp. B.106 CrylA(b) Aphis spp.
B.78 CrylA(b) Hellula undalis B.107 CrylA(b) Bemisia tabaci
B.79 CrylA(b) Keiferia B.108 CrylA(b) Empoasca spp. lycopersicella B.109 CrylA(b) Mycus spp.
B.80 CrylA(b) Leucoptera scitella B.110 CrylA(b) Nephotettix spp.
B.81 CrylA(b) Lithocollethis spp. B.l l l CrylA(b) Nilaparvata spp.
B.82 CrylA(b) Lobesia botrana B.112 CrylA(b) Pseudococcus spp.
B.83 CrylA(b) Ostrinia nubilalis B.113 CrylA(b) Psylla spp.
B.84 CrylA(b) Pandemis spp. B.114 CrylA(b) Quadraspidiotus
B.85 CrylA(b) Pectinophora spp. gossyp. B.115 CrylA(b) Schizaphis spp.
B.86 CrylA(b) Phyllocnistis citrella B.116 CrylA(b) Trialeurodes spp.
B.87 CrylA(b) Pieris spp. B.117 CrylA(b) Lyriomyza spp.
B.88 CrylA(b) Plutella xylostella B.118 CrylA(b) Oscinella spp.
B.89 CrylA(b) Sciφophaga spp. B.119 CrylA(b) Phorbia spp.
B.90 CrylA(b) Sesamia spp. B.120 CrylA(b) Frankliniella spp.
B.91 CrylA(b) Sparganothis spp. B.121 CrylA(b) Thrips spp.
B.92 CrylA(b) Spodoptera spp. B.122 CrylA(b) Scirtothrips aurantii
B.93 CrylA(b) Tortrix spp. B.123 CrylA(b) Aceria spp.
B.94 CrylA(b) Trichoplusia ni B.124 CrylA(b) Aculus spp. AP Control of AP Control of
B.125 CrylA(b) Brevipalpus spp. B.151 CrylA(c) Phyllocnistis citrella
B.126 CrylA(b) Panonychus spp. B.152 CrylA(c) Pieris spp.
B.127 CrylA(b) Phyllocoptruta spp. B.153 CrylA(c) Plutella xylostella
B.128 CrylA(b) Tetranychus spp. B.154 CrylA(c) Sciφophaga spp.
B.129 CrylA(b) Heterodera spp. B.155 CrylA(c) Sesamia spp.
B.130 CrylA(b) Meloidogyne spp. B.156 CrylA(c) Sparganothis spp.
B.131 CrylA(c) Adoxophyes spp. B.157 CrylA(c) Spodoptera spp.
B.132 CrylA(c) Agrotis spp. B.158 CrylA(c) Tortrix spp.
B.133 CrylA(c) Alabama B.159 CrylA(c) Trichoplusia ni argillaceae B.160 CrylA(c) Agriotes spp.
B.134 CrylA(c) Anticarsia B.161 CrylA(c) Anthonomus gemmatalis grandis
B.135 CrylA(c) Chilo spp. B.162 CrylA(c) Curculio spp.
B.136 CrylA(c) Clysia ambiguella B.163 CrylA(c) Diabrotica balteata
B.137 CrylA(c) Crocidolomia B.164 CrylA(c) Leptinotarsa spp. binotalis B.165 CrylA(c) Lissorhoptrus spp.
B.138 CrylA(c) Cydia spp. B.166 CrylA(c) Otiorhynchus spp.
B.139 CrylA(c) Diparopsis B.167 CrylA(c) Aleurothrixus spp. castanea B.168 CrylA(c) Aleyrodes spp.
B.140 CrylA(c) Earias spp. B.169 CrylA(c) Aonidiella spp.
B.141 CrylA(c) Ephestia spp. B.170 CrylA(c) Aphididae spp.
B.142 CrylA(c) Heliothis spp. B.171 CrylA(c) Aphis spp.
B.143 CrylA(c) Hellula undalis B.172 CrylA(c) Bemisia tabaci
B.144 CrylA(c) Keiferia B.173 CrylA(c) Empoasca spp. lycopersicella B.174 CrylA(c) Mycus spp.
B.145 CrylA(c) Leucoptera scitella B.175 CrylA(c) Nephotettix spp.
B.146 CrylA(c) Lithocollethis spp. B.176 CrylA(c) Nilaparvata spp.
B.147 CrylA(c) Lobesia botrana B.177 CrylA(c) Pseudococcus spp.
B.148 CrylA(c) Ostrinia nubilalis B.178 CrylA(c) Psylla spp.
B.149 CrylA(c) Pandemis spp. B.179 CrylA(c) Quadraspidiotus
B.150 CrylA(c) Pectinophora spp. gossypiella. B.180 CrylA(c) Schizaphis spp. AP Control of AP Control of
B.181 CrylA(c) Trialeurodes spp. B.209 CryllA Keiferia
B.182 CrylA(c) Lyriomyza spp. lycopersicella
B.183 CrylA(c) Oscinella spp. B.210 CryllA Leucoptera scitella
B.184 CrylA(c) Phorbia spp. B.211 CryllA Lithocollethis spp.
B.185 CrylA(c) Frankliniella spp. B.212 CryllA Lobesia botrana
B.186 CrylA(c) Thrips spp. B.213 CryllA Ostrinia nubilalis
B.187 CrylA(c) Scirtothrips aurantii B.214 CryllA Pandemis spp.
B.188 CrylA(c) Aceria spp. B.215 CryllA Pectinophora
B.189 CrylA(c) Aculus spp. gossyp.
B.190 CrylA(c) Brevipalpus spp. B.216 CryllA Phyllocnistis citrella
B.191 CrylA(c) Panonychus spp. B.217 CryllA Pieris spp.
B.192 CrylA(c) Phyllocoptruta spp. B.218 CryllA Plutella xylostella
B.193 CrylA(c) Tetranychus spp. B.219 CryllA Scirpophaga spp.
B.194 CrylA(c) Heterodera spp. B.220 CryllA Sesamia spp.
B.195 CrylA(c) Meloidogyne spp. B.221 CryllA Sparganothis spp.
B.196 CryllA Adoxophyes spp. B.222 CryllA Spodoptera spp.
B.197 CryllA Agrotis spp. B.223 CryllA Tortrix spp.
B.198 CryllA Alabama B.224 CryllA Trichoplusia ni argillaceae B.225 CryllA Agriotes spp.
B.199 CryllA Anticarsia B.226 CryllA Anthonomus gemmatalis grandis
B.200 CryllA Chilo spp. B.227 CryllA Curculio spp.
B.201 CryllA Clysia ambiguella B.228 CryllA Diabrotica balteata
B.202 CryllA Crocidolomia B.229 CryllA Leptinotarsa spp. binotalis B.230 CryllA Lissorhoptrus spp.
B.203 CryllA Cydia spp. B.231 CryllA Otiorhynchus spp.
B.204 CryllA Diparopsis B.232 CryllA Aleurothrixus spp. castanea B.233 CryllA Aleyrodes spp.
B.205 CryllA Earias spp. B.234 CryllA Aonidiella spp.
B.206 CryllA Ephestia spp. B.235 CryllA Aphididae spp.
B.207 CryllA Heliothis spp. B.236 CryllA Aphis spp.
B.208 CryllA Hellula undalis B.237 CryllA Bemisia tabaci AP Control of AP Control of
B.238 CryllA Empoasca spp. B.267 CrylllA Crocidolomia
B.239 CryllA Mycus spp. binotalis
B.240 CryllA Nephotettix spp. B.268 CrylllA Cydia spp.
B.241 CryllA Nilaparvata spp. B.269 CrylllA Diparopsis
B.242 CryllA Pseudococcus spp. castanea
B.243 CryllA Psylla spp. B.270 CrylllA Earias spp.
B.244 CryllA Quadraspidiotus B.271 CrylllA Ephestia spp. spp. B.272 CrylllA Heliothis spp.
B.245 CryllA Schizaphis spp. B.273 CrylllA Hellula undalis
B.246 CryllA Trialeurodes spp. B.274 CrylllA Keiferia
B.247 CryllA Lyriomyza spp. lycopersicella
B.248 CryllA Oscinella spp. B.275 CrylllA Leucoptera scitella
B.249 CryllA Phorbia spp. B.276 CrylllA Lithocollethis spp.
B.250 CryllA Frankliniella spp. B.277 CrylllA Lobesia botrana
B.251 CryllA Thrips spp. B.278 CrylllA Ostrinia nubilalis
B.252 CryllA Scirtothrips aurantii B.279 CrylllA Pandemis spp.
B.253 CryllA Aceria spp. B.280 CrylllA Pectinophora
B.254 CryllA Aculus spp. gossyp.
B.255 CryllA Brevipalpus spp. B.281 CrylllA Phyllocnistis citrella
B.256 CryllA Panonychus spp. B.282 CrylllA Pieris spp.
B.257 CryllA Phyllocoptruta spp. B.283 CrylllA Plutella xylostella
B.258 CryllA Tetranychus spp. B.284 CrylllA Scirpophaga spp.
B.259 CryllA Heterodera spp. B.285 CrylllA Sesamia spp.
B.260 CryllA Meloidogyne spp. B.286 CrylllA Sparganothis spp.
B.261 CrylllA Adoxophyes spp. B.287 CrylllA Spodoptera spp.
B.262 CrylllA Agrotis spp. B.288 CrylllA Tortrix spp.
B.263 CrylllA Alabama B.289 CrylllA Trichoplusia ni argillaceae B.290 CrylllA Agriotes spp.
B.264 CrylllA Anticarsia B.291 CrylllA Anthonomus gemmatalis grandis
B.265 CrylllA Chilo spp. B.292 CrylllA Curculio spp.
B.266 CrylllA Clysia ambiguella B.293 CrylllA Diabrotica balteata AP Control of AP Control of
B.294 CrylllA Leptinotarsa spp. B.325 CrylllA Meloidogyne spp.
B.295 CrylllA Lissorhoptrus spp. B.326 CrylllB2 Adoxophyes spp.
B.296 CrylllA Otiorhynchus spp. B.327 CrylllB2 Agrotis spp.
B.297 CrylllA Aleurothrixus spp. B.328 CrylllB2 Alabama
B.298 CrylllA Aleyrodes spp. argillaceae
B.299 CrylllA Aonidiella spp. B.329 CrylllB2 Anticarsia
B.300 CrylllA Aphididae spp. gemmatalis
B.301 CrylllA Aphis spp. B.330 CrylllB2 Chilo spp.
B.302 CrylllA Bemisia tabaci B.331 CrylllB2 Clysia ambiguella
B.303 CrylllA Empoasca spp. B.332 CrylllB2 Crocidolomia
B.304 CrylllA Mycus spp. binotalis
B.305 CrylllA Nephotettix spp. B.333 CrylllB2 Cydia spp.
B.306 CrylllA Nilaparvata spp. B.334 CrylllB2 Diparopsis
B.307 CrylllA Pseudococcus spp. castanea
B.308 CrylllA Psylla spp. B.335 CrylllB2 Earias spp.
B.309 CrylllA Quadraspidiotus B.336 CrylllB2 Ephestia spp. spp. B.337 CrylllB2 Heliothis spp.
B.310 CrylllA Schizaphis spp. B.338 CrylllB2 Hellula undalis
B.31 1 CrylllA Trialeurodes spp. B.339 CrylllB2 Keiferia
B.312 CrylllA Lyriomyza spp. lycopersicella
B.313 CrylllA Oscinella spp. B.340 CrylllB2 Leucoptera scitella
B.314 CrylllA Phorbia spp. B.341 CrylllB2 Lithocollethis spp.
B.315 CrylllA Frankliniella spp. B.342 CryIIIB2 Lobesia botrana
B.316 CrylllA Thrips spp. B.343 CrylllB2 Ostrinia nubilalis
B.317 CrylllA Scirtothrips aurantii B.344 CrylllB2 Pandemis spp.
B.318 CrylllA Aceria spp. B.345 CrylllB2 Pectinophora
B.319 CrylllA Aculus spp. gossyp.
B.320 CrylllA Brevipalpus spp. B.346 CrylllB2 Phyllocnistis citrella
B.321 CrylllA Panonychus spp. B.347 CrylllB2 Pieris spp.
B.322 CrylllA Phyllocoptruta spp. B.348 CrylllB2 Plutella xylostella
B.323 CrylllA Tetranychus spp. B.349 CrylllB2 Sciφophaga spp.
B.324 CrylllA Heterodera spp. B.350 CrylllB2 Sesamia spp. AP Control of AP Control of
B.351 CrylllB2 Sparganothis spp. B.381 CrylllB2 Thrips spp.
B.352 CrylllB2 Spodoptera spp. B.382 CrylllB2 Scirtothrips aurantii
B.353 CrylllB2 Tortrix spp. B.383 CrylllB2 Aceria spp.
B.354 CrylllB2 Trichoplusia ni B.384 CrylllB2 Aculus spp.
B.355 CrylllB2 Agriotes spp. B.385 CrylllB2 Brevipalpus spp.
B.356 CrylllB2 Anthonomus B.386 CrylllB2 Panonychus spp. grandis B.387 CrylllB2 Phyllocoptruta spp.
B.357 CrylllB2 Curculio spp. B.388 CrylllB2 Tetranychus spp.
B.358 CrylllB2 Diabrotica balteata B.389 CrylllB2 Heterodera spp.
B.359 CrylllB2 Leptinotarsa spp. B.390 CrylllB2 Meloidogyne spp.
B.360 CryllIB2 Lissorhoptrus spp. B.391 CytA Adoxophyes spp.
B.361 CrylllB2 Otiorhynchus spp. B.392 CytA Agrotis spp.
B.362 CrylllB2 Aleurothrixus spp. B.393 CytA Alabama
B.363 CrylllB2 Aleyrodes spp. argillaceae
B.364 CrylllB2 Aonidiella spp. B.394 CytA Anticarsia
B.365 CrylllB2 Aphididae spp. gemmatalis
B.366 CrylllB2 Aphis spp. B.395 CytA Chilo spp.
B.367 CrylllB2 Bemisia tabaci B.396 CytA Clysia ambiguella
B.368 CrylllB2 Empoasca spp. B.397 CytA Crocidolomia
B.369 CrylllB2 Mycus spp. binotalis
B.370 CrylllB2 Nephotettix spp. B.398 CytA Cydia spp.
B.371 CrylllB2 Nilaparvata spp. B.399 CytA Diparopsis
B.372 CrylllB2 Pseudococcus spp. castanea
B.373 CrylllB2 Psylla spp. B.400 CytA Earias spp.
B.374 CrylllB2 Quadraspidiotus B.401 CytA Ephestia spp. spp. B.402 CytA Heliothis spp.
B.375 CrylllB2 Schizaphis spp. B.403 CytA Hellula undalis
B.376 CrylllB2 Trialeurodes spp. B.404 CytA Keiferia
B.377 CrylIIB2 Lyriomyza spp. lycopersicella
B.378 CrylllB2 Oscinella spp. B.405 CytA Leucoptera scitella
B.379 CrylllB2 Phorbia spp. B.406 CytA Lithocollethis spp.
B.380 CrylllB2 Frankliniella spp. B.407 CytA Lobesia botrana AP Control of AP Control of
B.408 CytA Ostrinia nubilalis B.438 CytA Psylla spp.
B.409 CytA Pandemis spp. B.439 CytA Quadraspidiotus
B.410 CytA Pectinophora spp. gossyp. B.440 CytA Schizaphis spp.
B.411 CytA Phyllocnistis citrella B.441 CytA Trialeurodes spp.
B.412 CytA Pieris spp. B.442 CytA Lyriomyza spp.
B.413 CytA Plutella xylostella B.443 CytA Oscinella spp.
B.414 CytA Scirpophaga spp. B.444 CytA Phorbia spp.
B.415 CytA Sesamia spp. B.445 CytA Frankliniella spp.
B.416 CytA Sparganothis spp. B.446 CytA Thrips spp.
B.417 CytA Spodoptera spp. B.447 CytA Scirtothrips aurantii
B.418 CytA Tortrix spp. B.448 CytA Aceria spp.
B.419 CytA Trichoplusia ni B.449 CytA Aculus spp. B.420 CytA Agriotes spp. B.450 CytA Brevipalpus spp. B.421 CytA Anthonomus B.451 CytA Panonychus spp. grandis B.452 CytA Phyllocoptruta spp.
B.422 CytA Curculio spp. B.453 CytA Tetranychus spp.
B.423 CytA Diabrotica balteata B.454 CytA Heterodera spp.
B.424 CytA Leptinotarsa spp. B.455 CytA Meloidogyne spp.
B.425 CytA Lissorhoptrus spp. B.456 VIP3 Adoxophyes spp.
B.426 CytA Otiorhynchus spp. B.457 VIP3 Agrotis spp.
B.427 CytA Aleurothrixus spp. B.458 VIP3 Alabama
B.428 CytA Aleyrodes spp. argillaceae
B.429 CytA Aonidiella spp. B.459 VIP3 Anticarsia
B.430 CytA Aphididae spp. gemmatalis
B.431 CytA Aphis spp. B.460 VIP3 Chilo spp.
B.432 CytA Bemisia tabaci B.461 VIP3 Clysia ambiguella
B.433 CytA Empoasca spp. B.462 VIP3 Crocidolomia
B.434 CytA Mycus spp. binotalis
B.435 CytA Nephotettix spp. B.463 VIP3 Cydia spp.
B.436 CytA Nilaparvata spp. B.464 VIP3 Diparopsis
B.437 CytA Pseudococcus spp. castanea AP Control of AP Control of
B.465 VIP3 Earias spp. B.494 VIP3 Aonidiella spp.
B.466 VIP3 Ephestia spp. B.495 VIP3 Aphididae spp.
B.467 VIP3 Heliothis spp. B.496 VIP3 Aphis spp.
B.468 VIP3 Hellula undalis B.497 VIP3 Bemisia tabaci
B.469 VIP3 Keiferia B.498 VIP3 Empoasca spp. lycopersicella B.499 VIP3 Mycus spp.
B.470 VIP3 Leucoptera scitella B.500 VIP3 Nephotettix spp.
B.471 VIP3 Lithocollethis spp. B.501 VIP3 Nilaparvata spp.
B.472 VIP3 Lobesia botrana B.502 VIP3 Pseudococcus spp.
B.473 VIP3 Ostrinia nubilalis B.503 VIP3 Psylla spp.
B.474 VIP3 Pandemis spp. B.504 VIP3 Quadraspidiotus
B.475 VIP3 Pectinophora spp. gossyp. B.505 VIP3 Schizaphis spp.
B.476 VIP3 Phyllocnistis citrella B.506 VIP3 Trialeurodes spp.
B.477 VIP3 Pieris spp. B.507 VIP3 Lyriomyza spp.
B.478 VIP3 Plutella xylostella B.508 VIP3 Oscinella spp.
B.479 VIP3 Scirpophaga spp. B.509 VIP3 Phorbia spp.
B.480 VIP3 Sesamia spp. B.510 VIP3 Frankliniella spp.
B.481 VIP3 Sparganothis spp. B.511 VIP3 Thrips spp.
B.482 VIP3 Spodoptera spp. B.512 VIP3 Scirtothrips aurantii
B.483 VIP3 Tortrix spp. B.513 VIP3 Aceria spp.
B.484 VIP3 Trichoplusia ni B.514 VIP3 Aculus spp.
B.485 VIP3 Agriotes spp. B.515 VIP3 Brevipalpus spp.
B.486 VIP3 Anthonomus B.516 VIP3 Panonychus spp. grandis B.517 VIP3 Phyllocoptruta spp.
B.487 VIP3 Curculio spp. B.518 VIP3 Tetranychus spp.
B.488 VIP3 Diabrotica balteata B.519 VIP3 Heterodera spp.
B.489 VIP3 Leptinotarsa spp. B.520 VIP3 Meloidogyne spp.
B.490 VIP3 Lissorhoptrus spp. B.521 GL Adoxophyes spp.
B.491 VIP3 Otiorhynchus spp. B.522 GL Agrotis spp.
B.492 VIP3 Aleurothrixus spp. B.523 GL Alabama
B.493 VIP3 Aleyrodes spp. argillaceae AP Control of AP Control of
B.524 GL Anticarsia B.551 GL Anthonomus gemmatalis grandis
B.525 GL Chilo spp. B.552 GL Curculio spp.
B.526 GL Clysia ambiguella B.553 GL Diabrotica balteata
B.527 GL Crocidolomia B.554 GL Leptinotarsa spp. binotalis B.555 GL Lissorhoptrus spp.
B.528 GL Cydia spp. B.556 GL Otiorhynchus spp.
B.529 GL Diparopsis B.557 GL Aleurothrixus spp. castanea B.558 GL Aleyrodes spp.
B.530 GL Earias spp. B.559 GL Aonidiella spp.
B.531 GL Ephestia spp. B.560 GL Aphididae spp.
B.532 GL Heliothis spp. B.561 GL Aphis spp.
B.533 GL Hellula undalis B.562 GL Bemisia tabaci
B.534 GL Keiferia B.563 GL Empoasca spp. lycopersicella B.564 GL Mycus spp.
B.535 GL Leucoptera scitella B.565 GL Nephotettix spp.
B.536 GL Lithocollethis spp. B.566 GL Nilaparvata spp.
B.537 GL Lobesia botrana B.567 GL Pseudococcus spp.
B.538 GL Ostrinia nubilalis B.568 GL Psylla spp.
B.539 GL Pandemis spp. B.569 GL Quadraspidiotus
B.540 GL Pectinophora spp. gossyp. B.570 GL Schizaphis spp.
B.541 GL Phyllocnistis citrella B.571 GL Trialeurodes spp.
B.542 GL Pieris spp. B.572 GL Lyriomyza spp.
B.543 GL Plutella xylostella B.573 GL Oscinella spp.
B.544 GL Sciφophaga spp. B.574 GL Phorbia spp.
B.545 GL Sesamia spp. B.575 GL Frankliniella spp.
B.546 GL Sparganothis spp. B.576 GL Thrips spp.
B.547 GL Spodoptera spp. B.577 GL Scirtothrips aurantii
B.548 GL Tortrix spp. B.578 GL Aceria spp.
B.549 GL Trichoplusia ni B.579 GL Aculus spp.
B.550 GL Agriotes spp. B.580 GL Brevipalpus spp. AP Control of AP Control of
B.581 GL Panonychus spp. B.607 PL Pieris spp.
B.582 GL Phyllocoptruta spp. B.608 PL Plutella xylostella
B.583 GL Tetranychus spp. B.609 PL Sciφophaga spp.
B.584 GL Heterodera spp. B.610 PL Sesamia spp.
B.585 GL Meloidogyne spp. B.611 PL Sparganothis spp.
B.586 PL Adoxophyes spp. B.612 PL Spodoptera spp.
B.587 PL Agrotis spp. B.613 PL Tortrix spp.
B.588 PL Alabama B.614 PL Trichoplusia ni argillaceae B.615 PL Agriotes spp.
B.589 PL Anticarsia B.616 PL Anthonomus gemmatalis grandis
B.590 PL Chilo spp. B.617 PL Curculio spp.
B.591 PL Clysia ambiguella B.618 PL Diabrotica balteata B.592 PL Crocidolomia B.619 PL Leptinotarsa spp. binotalis B.620 PL Lissorhoptrus spp.
B.593 PL Cydia spp. B.621 PL Otiorhynchus spp. B.594 PL Diparopsis B.622 PL Aleurothrixus spp. castanea B.623 PL Aleyrodes spp.
B.595 PL Earias spp. B.624 PL Aonidiella spp. B.596 PL Ephestia spp. B.625 PL Aphididae spp. B.597 PL Heliothis spp. B.626 PL Aphis spp. B.598 PL Hellula undalis B.627 PL Bemisia tabaci B.599 PL Keiferia B.628 PL Empoasca spp. lycopersicella B.629 PL Mycus spp.
B.600 PL Leucoptera scitella B.630 PL Nephotettix spp. B.601 PL Lithocollethis spp. B.631 PL Nilaparvata spp. B.602 PL Lobesia botrana B.632 PL Pseudococcus spp. B.603 PL Ostrinia nubilalis B.633 PL Psylla spp. B.604 PL Pandemis spp. B.634 PL Quadraspidiotus B.605 PL Pectinophora spp. gossyp. B.635 PL Schizaphis spp.
B.606 PL Phyllocnistis citrella B.636 PL Trialeurodes spp. AP Control of AP Control of
B.637 PL Lyriomyza spp. lycopersicella
B.638 PL Oscinella spp. B.665 XN Leucoptera scitella
B.639 PL Phorbia spp. B.666 XN Lithocollethis spp.
B.640 PL Frankliniella spp. B.667 XN Lobesia botrana
B.641 PL Thrips spp. B.668 XN Ostrinia nubilalis
B.642 PL Scirtothrips aurantii B.669 XN Pandemis spp.
B.643 PL Aceria spp. B.670 XN Pectinophora
B.644 PL Aculus spp. gossyp.
B.645 PL Brevipalpus spp. B.671 XN Phyllocnistis citrella
B.646 PL Panonychus spp. B.672 XN Pieris spp.
B.647 PL Phyllocoptruta spp. B.673 XN Plutella xylostella
B.648 PL Tetranychus spp. B.674 XN Sciφophaga spp.
B.649 PL Heterodera spp. B.675 XN Sesamia spp.
B.650 PL Meloidogyne spp. B.676 XN Sparganothis spp.
B.651 XN Adoxophyes spp. B.677 XN Spodoptera spp.
B.652 XN Agrotis spp. B.678 XN Tortrix spp.
B.653 XN Alabama B.679 XN Trichoplusia ni argillaceae B.680 XN Agriotes spp.
B.654 XN Anticarsia B.681 XN Anthonomus gemmatalis grandis
B.655 XN Chilo spp. B.682 XN Curculio spp.
B.656 XN Clysia ambiguella B.683 XN Diabrotica balteata
B.657 XN Crocidolomia B.684 XN Leptinotarsa spp. binotalis B.685 XN Lissorhoptrus spp.
B.658 XN Cydia spp. B.686 XN Otiorhynchus spp.
B.659 XN Diparopsis B.687 XN Aleurothrixus spp. castanea B.688 XN Aleyrodes spp.
B.660 XN Earias spp. B.689 XN Aonidiella spp.
B.661 XN Ephestia spp. B.690 XN Aphididae spp.
B.662 XN Heliothis spp. B.691 XN Aphis spp.
B.663 XN Hellula undalis B.692 XN Bemisia tabaci
B.664 XN Keiferia B.693 XN Empoasca spp. AP Control of AP Control of
B.694 XN Mycus spp. binotalis
B.695 XN Nephotettix spp. B.723 Plnh. Cydia spp.
B.696 XN Nilaparvata spp. B.724 Plnh. Diparopsis
B.697 XN Pseudococcus spp. castanea
B.698 XN Psylla spp. B.725 Plnh. Earias spp.
B.699 XN Quadraspidiotus B.726 Plnh. Ephestia spp. spp. B.727 Plnh. Heliothis spp.
B.700 XN Schizaphis spp. B.728 Plnh. Hellula undalis
B.701 XN Trialeurodes spp. B.729 Plnh. Keiferia
B.702 XN Lyriomyza spp. lycopersicella
B.703 XN Oscinella spp. B.730 Plnh. Leucoptera scitella
B.704 XN Phorbia spp. B.731 Plnh. Lithocollethis spp.
B.705 XN Frankliniella spp. B.732 Plnh. Lobesia botrana
B.706 XN Thrips spp. B.733 Plnh. Ostrinia nubilalis
B.707 XN Scirtothrips aurantii B.734 Plnh. Pandemis spp.
B.708 XN Aceria spp. B.735 Plnh. Pectinophora
B.709 XN Aculus spp. gossyp.
B.710 XN Brevipalpus spp. B.736 Plnh. Phyllocnistis citrella
B.711 XN Panonychus spp. B.737 Plnh. Pieris spp.
B.712 XN Phyllocoptruta spp. B.738 Plnh. Plutella xylostella
B.713 XN Tetranychus spp. B.739 Plnh. Scirpophaga spp.
B.714 XN Heterodera spp. B.740 Plnh. Sesamia spp.
B.715 XN Meloidogyne spp. B.741 Plnh. Sparganothis spp.
B.716 Plnh. Adoxophyes spp. B.742 Plnh. Spodoptera spp.
B.717 Plnh. Agrotis spp. B.743 Plnh. Tortrix spp.
B.718 Plnh. Alabama B.744 Plnh. Trichoplusia ni argillaceae B.745 Plnh. Agriotes spp.
B.719 Plnh. Anticarsia B.746 Plnh. Anthonomus gemmatalis grandis
B.720 Plnh. Chilo spp. B.747 Plnh. Curculio spp.
B.721 Plnh. Clysia ambiguella B.748 Plnh. Diabrotica balteata
B.722 Plnh. Crocidolomia B.749 Plnh. Leptinotarsa spp. AP Control of AP Control of
B.750 Plnh. Lissorhoptrus spp. B.781 Plec Adoxophyes spp.
B.751 Plnh. Otiorhynchus spp. B.782 Plec Agrotis spp.
B.752 Plnh. Aleurothrixus spp. B.783 Plec Alabama
B.753 Plnh. Aleyrodes spp. argillaceae
B.754 Plnh. Aonidiella spp. B.784 Plec Anticarsia
B.755 Plnh. Aphididae spp. gemmatalis
B.756 Plnh. Aphis spp. B.785 Plec Chilo spp.
B.757 Plnh. Bemisia tabaci B.786 Plec Clysia ambiguella
B.758 Plnh. Empoasca spp. B.787 Plec Crocidolomia
B.759 Plnh. Mycus spp. binotalis
B.760 Plnh. Nephotettix spp. B.788 Plec Cydia spp.
B.761 Plnh. Nilaparvata spp. B.789 Plec Diparopsis
B.762 Plnh. Pseudococcus spp. castanea
B.763 Plnh. Psylla spp. B.790 Plec Earias spp.
B.764 Plnh. Quadraspidiotus B.791 Plec Ephestia spp. spp. B.792 Plec Heliothis spp.
B.765 Plnh. Schizaphis spp. B.793 Plec Hellula undalis
B.766 Plnh. Trialeurodes spp. B.794 Plec Keiferia
B.767 Plnh. Lyriomyza spp. lycopersicella
B.768 Plnh. Oscinella spp. B.795 Plec Leucoptera scitella
B.769 Plnh. Phorbia spp. B.796 Plec Lithocollethis spp.
B.770 Plnh. Frankliniella spp. B.797 Plec Lobesia botrana
B.771 Plnh. Thrips spp. B.798 Plec Ostrinia nubilalis
B.772 Plnh. Scirtothrips aurantii B.799 Plec Pandemis spp.
B.773 Plnh. Aceria spp. B.800 Plec Pectinophora
B.774 Plnh. Aculus spp. gossyp.
B.775 Plnh. Brevipalpus spp. B.801 Plec Phyllocnistis citrella
B.776 Plnh. Panonychus spp. B.802 Plec Pieris spp.
B.777 Plnh. Phyllocoptruta spp. B.803 Plec Plutella xylostella
B.778 Plnh. Tetranychus spp. B.804 Plec Sciφophaga spp.
B.779 Plnh. Heterodera spp. B.805 Plec Sesamia spp.
B.780 Plnh. Meloidogyne spp. B.806 Plec Sparganothis spp. AP Control of AP Control of
B.807 Plec Spodoptera spp. B.837 Plec Scirtothrips aurantii
B.808 Plec Tortrix spp. B.838 Plec Aceria spp.
B.809 Plec Trichoplusia ni B.839 Plec Aculus spp.
B.810 Plec Agriotes spp. B.840 Plec Brevipalpus spp.
B.811 Plec Anthonomus B.841 Plec Panonychus spp. grandis B.842 Plec Phyllocoptruta spp.
B.812 Plec Curculio spp. B.843 Plec Tetranychus spp.
B.813 Plec Diabrotica balteata B.844 Plec Heterodera spp.
B.814 Plec Leptinotarsa spp. B.845 Plec Meloidogyne spp.
B.815 Plec Lissorhoptrus spp. B.846 Aggl. Adoxophyes spp.
B.816 Plec Otiorhynchus spp. B.847 Aggi. Agrotis spp.
B.817 Plec Aleurothrixus spp. B.848 Aggl. Alabama
B.818 Plec Aleyrodes spp. argillaceae B.819 Plec Aonidiella spp. B.849 Aggl. Anticarsia B.820 Plec Aphididae spp. gemmatalis B.821 Plec Aphis spp. B.850 Aggl. Chilo spp. B.822 Plec Bemisia tabaci B.851 Aggl. Clysia ambiguella B.823 Plec Empoasca spp. B.852 Aggl. Crocidolomia B.824 Plec Mycus spp. binotalis B.825 Plec Nephotettix spp. B.853 Aggl. Cydia spp. B.826 Plec Nilaparvata spp. B.854 Aggl. Diparopsis B.827 Plec Pseudococcus spp. castanea B.828 Plec Psylla spp. B.855 Aggl. Earias spp. B.829 Plec Quadraspidiotus B.856 Aggl. Ephestia spp. spp. B.857 Aggl. Heliothis spp.
B.830 Plec Schizaphis spp. B.858 Aggl Hellula undalis B.831 Plec Trialeurodes spp. B.859 Aggl Keiferia B.832 Plec Lyriomyza spp. lycopersicella B.833 Plec Oscinella spp. B.860 Aggl Leucoptera scitella B.834 Plec Phorbia spp. B.861 Aggl Lithocollethis spp. B.835 Plec Frankliniella spp. B.862 Aggl Lobesia botrana B.836 Plec Thrips spp. B.863 Aggl Ostrinia nubilalis AP Control of AP Control of
B.864 Aggl. Pandemis spp. B.894 Aggl. Quadraspidiotus
B.865 Aggl. Pectinophora spp. gossyp. B.895 Aggl. Schizaphis spp.
B.866 Aggl. Phyllocnistis citrella B.896 Aggl. Trialeurodes spp.
B.867 Aggl. Pieris spp. B.897 Aggl. Lyriomyza spp.
B.868 Aggl. Plutella xylostella B.898 Aggl. Oscinella spp.
B.869 Aggl. Scirpophaga spp. B.899 Aggl. Phorbia spp.
B.870 Aggl. Sesamia spp. B.900 Aggl. Frankliniella spp.
B.871 Aggl. Sparganothis spp. B.901 Aggl. Thrips spp.
B.872 Aggl. Spodoptera spp. B.902 Aggl. Scirtothrips aurantii
B.873 Aggl. Tortrix spp. B.903 Aggl. Aceria spp.
B.874 Aggl. Trichoplusia ni B.904 Aggl. Aculus spp.
B.875 Aggl- Agriotes spp. B.905 Aggl. Brevipalpus spp.
B.876 Aggl. Anthonomus B.906 Aggl. Panonychus spp. grandis B.907 Aggl. Phyllocoptruta spp.
B.877 Aggl. Curculio spp. B.908 Aggl. Tetranychus spp.
B.878 Aggl. Diabrotica balteata B.909 Aggl. Heterodera spp.
B.879 Aggl. Leptinotarsa spp. B.910 Aggl. Meloidogyne spp.
B.880 Aggl. Lissorhoptrus spp. B.91 1 CO Adoxophyes spp.
B.881 Aggl. Otiorhynchus spp. B.912 co Agrotis spp.
B.882 Aggl. Aleurothrixus spp. B.913 co Alabama
B.883 Aggl. Aleyrodes spp. argillaceae
B.884 Aggl. Aonidiella spp. B.914 co Anticarsia
B.885 Aggl. Aphididae spp. gemmatalis
B.886 Aggl. Aphis spp. B.915 co Chilo spp.
B.887 Aggl. Bemisia tabaci B.916 co Clysia ambiguella
B.888 Aggl. Empoasca spp. B.917 CO Crocidolomia
B.889 Aggl. Mycus spp. binotalis
B.890 Aggl. Nephotettix spp. B.918 CO Cydia spp.
B.891 Aggl. Nilaparvata spp. B.919 CO Diparopsis
B.892 Aggl. Pseudococcus spp. castanea
B.893 Aggl. Psylla spp. B.920 CO Earias spp. AP Control of AP Control of
B.921 CO Ephestia spp. B.950 CO Aphididae spp.
B.922 CO Heliothis spp. B.951 CO Aphis spp.
B.923 CO Hellula undalis B.952 CO Bemisia tabaci
B.924 CO Keiferia B.953 CO Empoasca spp. lycopersicella B.954 CO Mycus spp.
B.925 CO Leucoptera scitella B.955 CO Nephotettix spp.
B.926 CO Lithocollethis spp. B.956 CO Nilaparvata spp.
B.927 CO Lobesia botrana B.957 CO Pseudococcus spp.
B.928 CO Ostrinia nubilalis B.958 CO Psylla spp.
B.929 CO Pandemis spp. B.959 CO Quadraspidiotus
B.930 CO Pectinophora spp. gossyp. B.960 CO Schizaphis spp.
B.931 CO Phyllocnistis citrella B.961 CO Trialeurodes spp.
B.932 CO Pieris spp. B.962 CO Lyriomyza spp. B.933 CO Plutella xylostella B.963 CO Oscinella spp. B.934 CO Sciφophaga spp. B.964 CO Phorbia spp. B.935 CO Sesamia spp. B.965 CO Frankliniella spp. B.936 CO Sparganothis spp. B.966 CO Thrips spp. B.937 CO Spodoptera spp. B.967 CO Scirtothrips aurantii B.938 CO Tortrix spp. B.968 CO Aceria spp. B.939 CO Trichoplusia ni B.969 CO Aculus spp. B.940 CO Agriotes spp. B.970 CO Brevipalpus spp. B.941 CO Anthonomus B.971 CO Panonychus spp. grandis B.972 CO Phyllocoptruta spp.
B.942 CO Curculio spp. B.973 CO Tetranychus spp. B.943 CO Diabrotica balteata B.974 CO Heterodera spp. B.944 CO Leptinotarsa spp. B.975 CO Meloidogyne spp. B.945 CO Lissorhoptrus spp. B.976 CH Adoxophyes spp. B.946 CO Otiorhynchus spp. B.977 CH Agrotis spp. B.947 CO Aleurothrixus spp. B.978 CH Alabama B.948 CO Aleyrodes spp. argillaceae B.949 CO Aonidiella spp. B.979 CH Anticarsia AP Control of AP Control of gemmatalis grandis
B.980 CH Chilo spp. B.1007 CH Curculio spp. B.981 CH Clysia ambiguella B.1008 CH Diabrotica balteata B.982 CH Crocidolomia B.1009 CH Leptinotarsa spp. binotalis B.1010 CH Lissorhoptrus spp.
B.983 CH Cydia spp. B.1011 CH Otiorhynchus spp. B.984 CH Diparopsis B.1012 CH Aleurothrixus spp. castanea B.1013 CH Aleyrodes spp.
B.985 CH Earias spp. B.1014 CH Aonidiella spp. B.986 CH Ephestia spp. B.1015 CH Aphididae spp. B.987 CH Heliothis spp. B.1016 CH Aphis spp. B.988 CH Hellula undalis B.1017 CH Bemisia tabaci B.989 CH Keiferia B.1018 CH Empoasca spp. lycopersicella B.1019 CH Mycus spp.
B.990 CH Leucoptera scitella B.1020 CH Nephotettix spp. B.991 CH Lithocollethis spp. B.1021 CH Nilaparvata spp. B.992 CH Lobesia botrana B.1022 CH Pseudococcus spp. B.993 CH Ostrinia nubilalis B.1023 CH Psylla spp. B.994 CH Pandemis spp. B.1024 CH Quadraspidiotus B.995 CH Pectinophora spp. gossyp. B.1025 CH Schizaphis spp.
B.996 CH Phyllocnistis citrella B.1026 CH Trialeurodes spp.
B.997 CH Pieris spp. B.1027 CH Lyriomyza spp.
B.998 CH Plutella xylostella B.1028 CH Oscinella spp.
B.999 CH Scirpophaga spp. B.1029 CH Phorbia spp.
B.1000 CH Sesamia spp. B.1030 CH Frankliniella spp.
B.lOOl CH Sparganothis spp. B.1031 CH Thrips spp.
B.1002 CH Spodoptera spp. B.1032 CH Scirtothrips aurantii
B.1003 CH Tortrix spp. B.1033 CH Aceria spp.
B.1004 CH Trichoplusia ni B.1034 CH Aculus spp.
B.1005 CH Agriotes spp. B.1035 CH Brevipalpus spp.
B.1006 CH Anthonomus B.1036 CH Panonychus spp. AP Control of AP Control of
B.1037 CH Phyllocoptruta spp. B.1063 SS Plutella xylostella
B.1038 CH Tetranychus spp. B.1064 SS Sciφophaga spp.
B.1039 CH Heterodera spp. B.1065 SS Sesamia spp.
B.1040 CH Meloidogyne spp. B.1066 SS Sparganothis spp.
B.1041 SS Adoxophyes spp. B.1067 SS Spodoptera spp.
B.1042 SS Agrotis spp. B.1068 SS Tortrix spp.
B.1043 SS Alabama B.1069 SS Trichoplusia ni argillaceae B.1070 SS Agriotes spp.
B.1044 SS Anticarsia B.1071 SS Anthonomus gemmatalis grandis
B.1045 SS Chilo spp. B.1072 SS Curculio spp.
B.1046 SS Clysia ambiguella B.1073 SS Diabrotica balteata
B.1047 SS Crocidolomia B.1074 SS Leptinotarsa spp. binotalis B.1075 SS Lissorhoptrus spp.
B.1048 SS Cydia spp. B.1076 SS Otiorhynchus spp.
B.1049 SS Diparopsis B.1077 SS Aleurothrixus spp. castanea B.1078 SS Aleyrodes spp.
B.1050 SS Earias spp. B.1079 SS Aonidiella spp.
B.1051 SS Ephestia spp. B.1080 SS Aphididae spp.
B.1052 SS Heliothis spp. B.1081 SS Aphis spp.
B.1053 SS Hellula undalis B.1082 SS Bemisia tabaci
B.1054 SS Keiferia B.1083 SS Empoasca spp. lycopersicella B.1084 SS Mycus spp.
B.1055 SS Leucoptera scitella B.1085 SS Nephotettix spp.
B.1056 SS Lithocollethis spp. B.1086 SS Nilaparvata spp.
B.1057 SS Lobesia botrana B.1087 SS Pseudococcus spp.
B.1058 SS Ostrinia nubilalis B.1088 SS Psylla spp.
B.1059 SS Pandemis spp. B.1089 SS Quadraspidiotus
B.1060 SS Pectinophora spp. gossyp. B.1090 SS Schizaphis spp.
B.1061 SS Phyllocnistis citrella B.1091 SS Trialeurodes spp.
B.1062 SS Pieris spp. B.1092 SS Lyriomyza spp. AP Control of AP Control of
B.1093 SS Oscinella spp. B.1120 HO Leucoptera scitella
B.1094 SS Phorbia spp. B.1121 HO Lithocollethis spp.
B.1095 SS Frankliniella spp. B.1122 HO Lobesia botrana
B.1096 SS Thrips spp. B.1123 HO Ostrinia nubilalis
B.1097 SS Scirtothrips aurantii B.1124 HO Pandemis spp.
B.1098 SS Aceria spp. B.1125 HO Pectinophora
B.1099 SS Aculus spp. gossypiella
B.1100 SS Brevipalpus spp. B.1126 HO Phyllocnistis citrella
B.1101 SS Panonychus spp. B.1127 HO Pieris spp.
B.1102 SS Phyllocoptruta spp. B.1128 HO Plutella xylostella
B.1103 SS Tetranychus spp. B.1129 HO Sciφophaga spp.
B.1104 SS Heterodera spp. B.1130 HO Sesamia spp.
B.1105 SS Meloidogyne spp. B.1131 HO Sparganothis spp.
B.1106 HO Adoxophyes spp. B.1132 HO Spodoptera spp.
B.1107 HO Agrotis spp. B.1133 HO Tortrix spp.
B.1108 HO Alabama B.1134 HO Trichoplusia ni argillaceae B.1135 HO Agriotes spp.
B.1109 HO Anticarsia B.1136 HO Anthonomus gemmatalis grandis
B.1110 HO Chilo spp. B.1137 HO Curculio spp.
B.l l l l HO Clysia ambiguella B.1138 HO Diabrotica balteata
B.1112 HO Crocidolomia B.1139 HO Leptinotarsa spp. binotalis B.1140 HO Lissorhoptrus spp.
B.1113 HO Cydia spp. B.1141 HO Otiorhynchus spp.
B.1114 HO Diparopsis B.1142 HO Aleurothrixus spp. castanea B.1143 HO Aleyrodes spp.
B.1115 HO Earias spp. B.1144 HO Aonidiella spp.
B.1116 HO Ephestia spp. B.1145 HO Aphididae spp.
B.1117 HO Heliothis spp. B.1146 HO Aphis spp.
B.1118 HO Hellula undalis B.1147 HO Bemisia tabaci
B.1119 HO Keiferia B.1148 HO Empoasca spp. lycopersicella B.1149 HO Mycus spp. AP Control of AP Control of
B.1150 HO Nephotettix spp. B.1160 HO Frankliniella spp.
B.1151 HO Nilaparvata spp. B.1161 HO Thrips spp.
B.1152 HO Pseudococcus spp. B.1162 HO Scirtothrips aurantii
B.1153 HO Psylla spp. B.1163 HO Aceria spp.
B.1154 HO Quadraspidiotus B.1164 HO Aculus spp. spp. B.1165 HO Brevipaipus spp.
B.1155 HO Schizaphis spp. B.1166 HO Panonychus spp.
B.1156 HO Trialeurodes spp. B.1167 HO Phyllocoptruta spp.
B.1157 HO Lyriomyza spp. B.1168 HO Tetranychus spp.
B.1158 HO Oscinella spp. B.1169 HO Heterodera spp.
B.1159 HO Phorbia spp. B.1170 HO Meloidogyne spp.
Biological Examples
Table 1 : A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Abamectin to transgenic cotton, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 2: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Abamectin to transgenic rice, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 3: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Abamectin to transgenic potatoes, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 4: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Abamectin to transgenic brassica, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 5: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Abamectin to transgenic tomatoes, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B. Table 6: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Abamectin to transgenic cucurbits, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 7: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Abamectin to transgenic soybeans, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 8: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Abamectin to transgenic maize, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 9: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Abamectin to transgenic wheat, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 10: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Abamectin to transgenic bananas, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 1 1 : A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Abamectin to transgenic citrus trees, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 12: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Abamectin to transgenic pome fruit trees, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 13: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic cotton, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 14: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic rice, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 15: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic potatoes, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B. Table 16: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic tomatoes, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 17: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic cucurbits, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 18: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic soybeans, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 19: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic maize, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 20: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic wheat, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 21 : A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic bananas, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 22: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic orange trees, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 23: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic pome fruit, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 24: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic cucurbits, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 25: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Spinosad to transgenic cotton, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B. Table 26: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Spinosad to transgenic rice, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 27: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Spinosad to transgenic potatoes, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 28: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Spinosad to transgenic brassica, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 29: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Spinosad to transgenic tomatoes, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 30: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Spinosad to transgenic cucurbits, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 31 : A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Spinosad to transgenic soybeans, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 32: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Spinosad to transgenic maize, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 33: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Spinosad to transgenic wheat, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 34: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Spinosad to transgenic bananas, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table 35: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Spinosad to transgenic citrus trees, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B. Table 36: A method of controlling pests comprising the application of Spinosad to transgenic pome fruit trees, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
Table C:
Abbreviations:
Acetyl-COA Carboxylase: ACCase
Acetoiactate Synthase: ALS
Hydroxyphenylpyruvat dioxygenase: HPPD
Inhibition of protein synthesis: IPS
Hormone mimic: HO
Glutamine Synthetase: GS
Protopoφhyrinogen oxidase: PROTOX
5-Enolpyruvyl-3-Phosphoshikimate Synthase: EPSPS
Principle Tolerant to Crop
C. l ALS Sulfonylureas etc.*** Cotton
C.2 ALS Sulfonylureas etc. *** Rice
C.3 ALS Sulfonylureas etc. *** Brassica
C.4 ALS Sulfonylureas etc. *** Potatoes
C.5 ALS Sulfonylureas etc. *** Tomatoes
C.6 ALS Sulfonylureas etc. *** Cucurbits
C.7 ALS Sulfonylureas etc. *** Soybeans
C.8 ALS Sulfonylureas etc. *** Maize
C.9 ALS Sulfonylureas etc. *** Wheat
C IO ALS Sulfonylureas etc. *** pome fruit
C.l l ALS Sulfonylureas etc. *** stone fruit
C.12 ALS Sulfonylureas etc. *** citrus
C.13 ACCase +++ Cotton
C.14 ACCase +++ Rice
C.15 ACCase +++ Brassica
C.16 ACCase +++ Potatoes
C.17 ACCase +++ Tomatoes
Figure imgf000091_0001
Principle Tolerant to Crop
C.50 IPS Chloroactanilides &&& Rice
C.51 IPS Chloroactanilide &&&s Brassica
C.52 IPS Chloroactanilides &&& Potatoes
C.53 IPS Chloroactanilides &&& Tomatoes
C.54 IPS Chloroactanilides &&& Cucurbits
C.55 IPS Chloroactanilides &&& Soybeans
C.56 IPS Chloroactanilides &&& Maize
C.57 IPS Chloroactanilides &&& Wheat
C.58 IPS Chloroactanilides &&& pome fruit
C.59 IPS Chloroactanilides &&& stone fruit
C.60 IPS Chloroactanilides &&& citrus
C.61 HOM 2,4-D, Mecoprop-P Cotton
C.62 HOM 2,4-D, Mecoprop-P Rice
C.63 HOM 2,4-D, Mecoprop-P Brassica
C.64 HOM 2,4-D, Mecoprop-P Potatoes
C.65 HOM 2,4-D, Mecoprop-P Tomatoes
C.66 HOM 2,4-D, Mecoprop-P Cucurbits
C.67 HOM 2,4-D, Mecoprop-P Soybeans
C.68 HOM 2,4-D, Mecoprop-P Maize
C.69 HOM 2,4-D, Mecoprop-P Wheat
C.70 HOM 2,4-D, Mecoprop-P pome fruit
C.71 HOM 2,4-D, Mecoprop-P stone fruit
C.72 HOM 2,4-D, Mecoprop-P citrus
C.73 PROTOX Protox inhibitors /// Cotton
C.74 PROTOX Protox inhibitors /// Rice
C.75 PROTOX Protox inhibitors /// Brassica
C.76 PROTOX Protox inhibitors /// Potatoes
C.77 PROTOX Protox inhibitors /// Tomatoes
C.78 PROTOX Protox inhibitors /// Cucurbits
C.79 PROTOX Protox inhibitors /// Soybeans
C.80 PROTOX Protox inhibitors /// Maize
C.81 PROTOX Protox inhibitors /// Wheat Principle Tolerant to Crop
C.82 PROTOX Protox inhibitors /// pome fruit
C.83 PROTOX Protox inhibitors /// stone fruit
C.84 PROTOX Protox inhibitors /// citrus
C.85 EPSPS Glyphosate and /or Sulphosate Cotton
C.86 EPSPS Glyphosate and /or Sulphosate Rice
C.87 EPSPS Glyphosate and /or Sulphosate Brassica
C.88 EPSPS Glyphosate and /or Sulphosate Potatoes
C.89 EPSPS Glyphosate and /or Sulphosate Tomatoes
C.90 EPSPS Glyphosate and /or Sulphosate Cucurbits
C.91 EPSPS Glyphosate and /or Sulphosate Soybeans
C.92 EPSPS Glyphosate and /or Sulphosate Maize
C.93 EPSPS Glyphosate and /or Sulphosate Wheat
C.94 EPSPS Glyphosate and /or Sulphosate pome fruit
C.95 EPSPS Glyphosate and /or Sulphosate stone fruit
C.96 EPSPS Glyphosate and /or Sulphosate citrus
C.97 GS Gluphosinate and /or Bialaphos Cotton
C.98 GS Gluphosinate and /or Bialaphos Rice
C.99 GS Gluphosinate and /or Bialaphos Brassica
C.IOO GS Gluphosinate and /or Bialaphos Potatoes
C.lOl GS Gluphosinate and /or Bialaphos Tomatoes
C.102 GS Gluphosinate and /or Bialaphos Cucurbits
C.103 GS Gluphosinate and /or Bialaphos Soybeans
C.104 GS Gluphosinate and /or Bialaphos Maize
C.105 GS Gluphosinate and /or Bialaphos Wheat
C.106 GS Gluphosinate and /or Bialaphos pome fruit
C.107 GS Gluphosinate and /or Bialaphos stone fruit
C.108 GS Gluphosinate and /or Bialaphos citrus
*** Included are Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones, Triazolopyrimidines, Dimethoxypyrimidines and N-Acylsulfonamides:
Sulfonylureas such as Chlorsulfuron, Chlorimuron, Ethamethsulfuron, Metsulfuron, Primisulfuron, Prosulfuron, Triasulfuron, Cinosulfuron, Trifusulfuron, Oxasulfuron, Bensulfuron, Tribenuron, ACC 322140, Fluzasulfuron, Ethoxysulfuron, Fluzasdulfuron, Nicosulfuron, Rimsulfuron, Thifensulfuron, Pyrazosulfuron, Clopyrasulfuron, NC 330, Azimsulfuron, Imazosulfuron, Sulfosulfuron, Amidosulfuron, Flupyrsulfuron, CGA 362622
Imidazolinones such as Imazamethabenz, Imazaquin, Imazamethypyr, Imazethapyr, Imazapyr and Imazamox;
Triazolopyrimidines such as DE 511 , Flumetsulam and Chloransulam;
Dimethoxypyrimidines such as Pyrithiobac, Pyriminobac, Bispyribac and Pyribenzoxim.
+++ Tolerant to Diclofop-methyl, Fluazifop-P-butyl, Haloxyfop-P-methyl, Haloxyfop-P-ethyl, Quizalafop-P-ethyl , clodinafop propargyl, fenoxaprop - -ethyl, - Tepraloxydim, Alloxydim, Sethoxydim, Cycloxydim, Cloproxydim, Tralkoxydim, Butoxydim, Caloxydim, Clefoxydim, Clethodim.
&&& Chloroacetanilides such as Alachlor Acetochlor, Dimethenamid
/// Protox inhibitors: For instance diphenyethers such as Acifluorfen, Aclonifen, Bifenox, Chiomitrofen, Ethoxyfen, Fluoroglycofen, Fomesafen, Lactofen, Oxyfluorfen; Imides such as Azafenidin, Carfentrazone-ethyl, Cinidon-ethyl, Flumiclorac-pentyl, Flumioxazin, Fluthiacet-methyl, Oxadiargyl, Oxadiazon, Pentoxazone, Sulfentrazone, Imides and others,such as Flumipropyn, Flupropacil, Nipyraclofen and Thidiazimin; and further Fluazolate and Pyraflufen-ethyl
Biological Examples
Table 39: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Adoxophyes comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 40: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Agrotis comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 41 : A method of controlling Alabama argillaceae comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 42: A method of controlling Anticarsia gemmatalis comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 43: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Chilo comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 44: A method of controlling Clysia ambiguella comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 45: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Cnephalocrocis comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 46: A method of controlling Crocidolomia binotalis comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 47: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Cydia comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 48: A method of controlling Diparopsis castanea comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C. Table 49: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Earias comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 50: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Ephestia comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 51 : A method of controlling representatives of the genus Heliothis comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 52: A method of controlling Hellula undalis comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 53: A method of controlling Keiferia lycopersicella comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 54: A method of controlling Leucoptera scitella comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 55: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Lithocollethis comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 56: A method of controlling Lobesia botrana comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 57: A method of controlling Ostrinia nubilalis comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 58: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Pandemis comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 59: A method of controlling Pectinophora gossypiella comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 60: A method of controlling Phyllocnistis citrella comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 61 : A method of controlling representatives of the genus Pieris comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 62: A method of controlling Plutella xylostella comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 63: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Sciφophaga comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C. Table 64: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Sesamia comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 65: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Sparganothis comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 66: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Spodoptera comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 67: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Tortrix comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 68: A method of controlling Trichoplusia ni comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 69: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Agriotes comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 70: A method of controlling Anthonomus grandis comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 71 : A method of controlling representatives of the genus Curculio comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 72: A method of controlling Diabrotica balteata comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 73: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Leptinotarsa comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 74: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Lissorhoptrus comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 75: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Otiorhynchus comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 76: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Aleurothrixus comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 77: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Aleyrodes comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 78: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Aonidiella comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C. Table 79: A method of controlling representatives of the family Aphididae comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 80: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Aphis comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 81 : A method of controlling Bemisia tabaci comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 82: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Empoasca comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 83: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Mycus comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 84: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Nephotettix comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 85: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Nilaparvata comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 86: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Pseudococcus comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 87: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Psylla comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 88: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Quadraspidiotus comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 89: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Schizaphis comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 90: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Trialeurodes comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 91 : A method of controlling representatives of the genus Lyriomyza comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 92: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Oscinella comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 93: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Phorbia comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C. Table 94: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Frankliniella comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 95: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Thrips comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 96: A method of controlling Scirtothrips aurantii comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 97: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Aceria comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 98: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Aculus comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 99: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Brevipalpus comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 100: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Panonychus comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 101 : A method of controlling representatives of the genus Phyllocoptruta comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 102: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Tetranychus comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 103: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Heterodera comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 104: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Meloidogyne comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 105: A method of controlling Mamestra brassica comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 106: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Adoxophyes comprising the application of Emamectin-Benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 107: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Agrotis comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 108: A method of controlling Alabama argillaceae comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C. Table 109: A method of controlling Anticarsia gemmatalis comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 110: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Chilo comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 111 : A method of controlling Clysia ambiguella comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 112: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Cnephalocrocis comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 113: : A method of controlling Crocidolomia binotalis comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 114: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Cydia comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 115: A method of controlling Diparopsis castanea comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 116: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Earias comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 1 17: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Ephestia comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 118: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Heliothis of Emamectin- benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 1 19: A method of controlling Hellula undalis comprising the application of Emamectin- benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 120: A method of controlling Keiferia lycopersicella comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 121 : A method of controlling Leucoptera scitella comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 122: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Lithocollethis comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 123: A method of controlling Lobesia botrana comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C. Table 124: A method of controlling Ostrinia nubilalis comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 125: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Pandemis comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 126: A method of controlling Pectinophora gossypiella comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 127: A method of controlling Phyllocnistis citrella comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 128: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Pieris comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 129: A method of controlling Plutella xylostella comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 130: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Sciφophaga comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 131 : A method of controlling representatives of the genus Sesamia comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 132: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Sparganothis comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 133: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Spodoptera comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 134: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Tortrix comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 135: A method of controlling Trichoplusia ni comprising the application of Emamectin- benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 136: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Agriotes comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 137: A method of controlling Anthonomus grandis comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 138: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Curculio comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C. Table 139: A method of controlling Diabrotica balteata comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 140: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Leptinotarsa comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 141 : A method of controlling representatives of the genus Lissorhoptrus comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 142: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Otiorhynchus comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 143: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Aleurothrixus comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 144: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Aleyrodes comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 145: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Aonidiella comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 146: A method of controlling representatives of the family Aphididae comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 147: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Aphis comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 148: A method of controlling Bemisia tabaci comprising the application of Emamectin- benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 149: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Empoasca comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 150: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Mycus comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 151 : A method of controlling representatives of the genus Nephotettix comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 152: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Nilaparvata comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 153: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Pseudococcus comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C. Table 154: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Psylla comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 155: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Quadraspidiotus comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 156: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Schizaphis comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 157: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Trialeurodes comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 158: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Lyriomyza comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 159: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Oscinella comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 160: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Phorbia comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 161 : A method of controlling representatives of the genus Frankliniella comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 162: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Thrips comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 163: A method of controlling Scirtothrips aurantii comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 164: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Aceria comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 165: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Aculus comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 166: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Brevipalpus comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 167: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Panonychus comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 168: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Phyllocoptruta comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C. Table 169: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Tetranychus comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 170: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Heterodera comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 171 : A method of controlling representatives of the genus Meloidogyne comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 172: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Adoxophyes comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 173: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Agrotis comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 174: A method of controlling Alabama argillaceae comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 175: A method of controlling Anticarsia gemmatalis comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 176: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Chilo comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 177: A method of controlling Clysia ambiguella comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 178: A method of controlling Crocidolomia binotalis comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 179: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Cydia comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 180: A method of controlling Diparopsis castanea comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 181 : A method of controlling representatives of the genus Earias comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 182: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Ephestia comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 183: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Heliothis of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C. Table 184: A method of controlling Hellula undalis comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 185: A method of controlling Keiferia lycopersicella comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 186: A method of controlling Leucoptera scitella comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 187: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Lithocollethis comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 188: A method of controlling Lobesia botrana comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 189: A method of controlling Ostrinia nubilalis comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 190: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Pandemis comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 191 : A method of controlling Pectinophora gossypiella comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 192: A method of controlling Phyllocnistis citrella comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 193: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Pieris comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 194: A method of controlling Plutella xylostella comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 195: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Sciφophaga comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 196: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Sesamia comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 197: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Sparganothis comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 198: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Spodoptera comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C. Table 199: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Tortrix comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 200: A method of controlling Trichoplusia ni comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 201 : A method of controlling representatives of the genus Agriotes comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 202: A method of controlling Anthonomus grandis comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 203: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Curculio comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 204: A method of controlling Diabrotica balteata comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 205: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Leptinotarsa comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 206: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Lissorhoptrus comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 207: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Otiorhynchus comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 208: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Aleurothrixus comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 209: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Aleyrodes comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 210: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Aonidiella comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 211 : A method of controlling representatives of the family Aphididae comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 212: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Aphis comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 213: A method of controlling Bemisia tabaci comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C. Table 214: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Empoasca comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 215: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Mycus comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 216: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Nephotettix comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 217: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Nilaparvata comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 218: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Pseudococcus comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 219: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Psylla comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 220: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Quadraspidiotus comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 221 : A method of controlling representatives of the genus Schizaphis comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 222: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Trialeurodes comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 223: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Lyriomyza comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 224: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Oscinella comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 225: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Phorbia comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 226: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Frankliniella comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 227: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Thrips comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 228: A method of controlling Scirtothrips aurantii comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C. Table 229: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Aceria comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 230: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Aculus comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 231 : A method of controlling representatives of the genus Brevipalpus comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 232: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Panonychus comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 233: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Phyllocoptruta comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 234: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Tetranychus comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 235: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Heterodera comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 236: A method of controlling representatives of the genus Meloidogyne comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Table 237: A method of controlling Mamestra brassica comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Example B1 : Action against Anthonomus grandis adults. Spodoptera littoralis or Heliothis virescens
Young transgenic cotton plants which express the δ-endotoxin CrylllA are sprayed with an aqueous emulsion spray mixture comprising 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm of emamectin-benzoate respectively. After the spray coating has dried on, the cotton plants are populated with 10 adult Anthonomus grandis, 10 Spodoptera littoralis larvae or 10 Heliothis virescens larvae respectively and introduced into a plastic container. Evaluation takes place 3 to 10 days later. The percentage reduction in population, or the percentage reduction in feeding damage (% action), is determined by comparing the number of dead beetles and the feeding damage on the transgenic cotton plants with that of non-transgenic cotton plants which have been treated with an emulsion spray mixture comprising emamectin-benzoate and conventional CrylllA-toxin at a concentration of in each case 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm respectively..
In this test, the control of the tested insects in the transgenic plant is superior, while it is insufficient in the non-transgenic plant.
Example B2: Action against Anthonomus grandis adults, Spodoptera littoralis or Heliothis virescens
Young transgenic cotton plants which express the δ-endotoxin CrylllA are sprayed with an aqueous emulsion spray mixture comprising 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm of abamectin respectively. After the spray coating has dried on, the cotton plants are populated with 10 adult Anthonomus grandis, 10 Spodoptera littoralis larvae or 10 Heliothis virescens larvae respectively and introduced into a plastic container. Evaluation takes place 3 to 10 days later. The percentage reduction in population, or the percentage reduction in feeding damage (% action), is determined by comparing the number of dead beetles and the feeding damage on the transgenic cotton plants with that of non-transgenic cotton plants which have been treated with an emulsion spray mixture comprising abamectin and conventional CrylllA-toxin at a concentration of in each case 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm respectively.
In this test, the control of the tested insects in the transgenic plant is superior, while it is insufficient in the non-transgenic plant.
Example B3: Action against Anthonomus grandis adults. Spodoptera littoralis or Heliothis virescens
Young transgenic cotton plants which express the δ-endotoxin CrylllA are sprayed with an aqueous emulsion spray mixture comprising 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm of spinosad respectively. After the spray coating has dried on, the cotton plants are populated with 10 adult Anthonomus grandis, 10 Spodoptera littoralis larvae or 10 Heliothis virescens larvae respectively and introduced into a plastic container. Evaluation takes place 3 to 10 days later. The percentage reduction in population, or the percentage reduction in feeding damage (% action), is determined by comparing the number of dead beetles and the feeding damage on the transgenic cotton plants with that of non-transgenic cotton plants which have been treated with an emulsion spray mixture comprising spinosad and conventional CrylllA-toxin at a concentration of in each case 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm respectively.
In this test, the control of the tested insects in the transgenic plant is superior, while it is insufficient in the non-transgenic plant.
Example B4: Action against Anthonomus grandis adults. Spodoptera littoralis or Heliothis virescens
Young transgenic cotton plants which express the δ-endotoxin Cryla(c) are sprayed with an aqueous emulsion spray mixture comprising 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm of spinosad respectively. After the spray coating has dried on, the cotton plants are populated with 10 adult Anthonomus grandis, 10 Spodoptera littoralis larvae or 10 Heliothis virescens larvae respectively and introduced into a plastic container. Evaluation takes place 3 to 10 days later. The percentage reduction in population, or the percentage reduction in feeding damage (% action), is determined by comparing the number of dead beetles and the feeding damage on the transgenic cotton plants with that of non-transgenic cotton plants which have been treated with an emulsion spray mixture comprising spinosad and conventional CrylllA-toxin at a concentration of in each case 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm respectively.
In this test, the control of the tested insects in the transgenic plant is superior, while it is insufficient in the non-transgenic plant. Example B5: Action against Anthonomus grandis adults, Spodoptera littoralis or Heliothis virescens
Young transgenic cotton plants which express the δ-endotoxin Cryla(c) are sprayed with an aqueous emulsion spray mixture comprising 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm of abamectin respectively. After the spray coating has dried on, the cotton plants are populated with 10 adult Anthonomus grandis, 10 Spodoptera littoralis larvae or 10 Heliothis virescens larvae respectively and introduced into a plastic container. Evaluation takes place 3 to 10 days later. The percentage reduction in population, or the percentage reduction in feeding damage (% action), is determined by comparing the number of dead beetles and the feeding damage on the transgenic cotton plants with that of non-transgenic cotton plants which have been treated with an emulsion spray mixture comprising abamectin and conventional CrylllA-toxin at a concentration of in each case 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm respectively.
In this test, the control of the tested insects in the transgenic plant is superior, while it is insufficient in the non-transgenic plant.
Example B6: Action against Anthonomus grandis adults. Spodoptera littoralis or Heliothis virescens
Young transgenic cotton plants which express the δ-endotoxin Cryla(c) are sprayed with an aqueous emulsion spray mixture comprising 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm of emamectin benzoate respectively. After the spray coating has dried on, the cotton plants are populated with 10 adult Anthonomus grandis, 10 Spodoptera littoralis larvae or 10 Heliothis virescens larvae respectively and introduced into a plastic container. Evaluation takes place 3 to 10 days later. The percentage reduction in population, or the percentage reduction in feeding damage (% action), is determined by comparing the number of dead beetles and the feeding damage on the transgenic cotton plants with that of non-transgenic cotton plants which have been treated with an emulsion spray mixture comprising emamectin benzoate and conventional CrylllA-toxin at a concentration of in each case 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm respectively.
In this test, the control of the tested insects in the transgenic plant is superior, while it is insufficient in the non-transgenic plant.
Example B7: Action against Ostrinia nubilalis. Spodoptera spp. or Heliothis spp.
A plot (a) planted with maize cv. KnockOut® and an adjacent plot (b) of the same size which is planted with conventional maize, both showing natural infestation with Ostrinia nubilalis, Spodoptera sp or Heliothis. are sprayed with an aqueous emulsion spray mixture comprising 200, 100, 50, 10, 5, 1ppm of spinosad. Immediately afterwards, plot (b) is treated with an emulsion spray mixture comprising 200, 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm of the endotoxin expressed by KnockOut®. Evaluation takes place 6 days later. The percentage reduction in population (% action) is determined by comparing the number of dead pests on the plants of plot (a) with that on the plants of plot (b).
Improved control of Ostrinia nubilalis. Spodoptera sp or Heliothis is observed on the plants of plot (a), while plot (b) shows a control level of not over 80%.
Example B8: Action against Ostrinia nubilalis, Spodoptera sp or Heliothis sp
A plot (a) planted with maize cv. KnockOut® and an adjacent plot (b) of the same size which is planted with conventional maize, both showing natural infestation with Ostrinia nubilalis. Spodoptera sp or Heliothis. are sprayed with an aqueous emulsion spray mixture comprising 200, 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm of abamectin. Immediately afterwards, plot (b) is treated with an emulsion spray mixture comprising 200, 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm of the endotoxin expressed by KnockOut®. Evaluation takes place 6 days later. The percentage reduction in population (% action) is determined by comparing the number of dead pests on the plants of plot (a) with that on the plants of plot (b).
Improved control of Ostrinia nubilalis. Spodoptera sp or Heliothis is observed on the plants of plot (a), while plot (b) shows a control level of not over 80%.
Example B9: Action against Ostrinia nubilalis, Spodoptera sp or Heliothis sp
A plot (a) planted with maize cv. KnockOut® and an adjacent plot (b) of the same size which is planted with conventional maize, both showing natural infestation with Ostrinia nubilalis. Spodoptera sp or Heliothis. are sprayed with an aqueous emulsion spray mixture comprising 200, 100, 50, 10, 5, 1ppm of emamectin benzoate. Immediately afterwards, plot (b) is treated with an emulsion spray mixture comprising 200, 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm of the endotoxin expressed by KnockOut®. Evaluation takes place 6 days later. The percentage reduction in population (% action) is determined by comparing the number of dead pests on the plants of plot (a) with that on the plants of plot (b).
Improved control of Ostrinia nubilalis, Spodoptera sp or Heliothis is observed on the plants of plot (a), while plot (b) shows a control level of not over 80%. The invention further relates to
(B) A method of protecting plant propagation material and plant organs formed at a later point in time from attack by pests, characterized in that a pesticide comprising, as pesticidally active compound, at least one macrolide compound, especially abamectin, emamectin or spinosad in free form or in agrochemically utilizable salt form as active ingredient and at least one auxiliary in close spatial proximity to, or spatially together with, planting or applying the propagation material is employed to the site of planting or sowing; the corresponding use of these compounds, corresponding pesticides whose active ingredient is selected from amongst these compounds, a method of producing and using these compositions, and plant propagation material thus protected against attack by pests.
The macrolides used according to the invention are known to those skilled in the art. They are the classes of substances as mentioned under invention part (A). Abamectin and emamectin are preferred.
Agrochemically utilizable salts of the macrolides according to the invention are, for example, the same as under invention part (A).
In the case of abamectin, the free form is preferred in the frame of invention part (B). Especially preferred within the scope of the invention part (B) is a method in which emamectin is employed in free form or as agrochemically acceptable salt; especially as salt; in particular as the benzoate, substituted benzoate, benzenesulphonate, citrate, phosphate, tartrate or maleate; preferably as the benzoate or benzenesulphonate, especially preferably as the benzoate.
The scope of the subject-matter of the invention (B) extends in particular to representatives of the classes Insecta, Arachnida and Nematoda.
These are mainly insects of the order Lepidoptera, for example
Acleris spp., Adoxophyes spp., Aegeria spp., Agrotis spp., Alabama argillaceae, Amylois spp., Anticarsia gemmatalis, Archips spp., Argyrotaenia spp., Astylus atromaculatus, Autographa spp., Busseola fusca, Cadra cautella, Caφosina nipponensis, Chilo spp., Choristoneura spp., Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocrocis spp., Cnephasia spp., Cochylis spp., Coleophora spp., Crocidolomia binotalis, Cryptophlebia leucotreta, Cydia spp., Diatraea spp., Diparopsis castanea, Earias spp., Ephestia spp., Eucosma spp., Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis spp., Euxoa spp., Grapholita spp., Hedya nubiferana, Heliothis spp.,
Hellula undalis, Heteronychus arator, Hyphantria cunea, Keiferia lycopersicella, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocollethis spp., Lobesia botrana, Lymantria spp., Lyonetia spp., Malacosoma spp., Mamestra brassicae, Manduca sexta, Operophtera spp., Ostrinia nubilalis, Pammene spp., Pandemis spp., Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Phthorimaea operculella,
Pieris rapae, Pieris spp., Plutella xylostella, Prays spp., Scirpophaga spp., Sesamia spp.,
Sparganothis spp., Spodoptera spp., Synanthedon spp., Thaumetopoea spp., Tortrix spp.,
Trichoplusia ni and Yponomeuta spp.; of the order Coleoptera, for example
Agriotes spp., Anthonomus spp., Atomaria linearis, Chaetocnema tibialis, Cosmopolites spp., Curculio spp., Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., Epilachna spp., Eremnus spp.,
Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lissorhoptrus spp., Melolontha spp., Orycaephilus spp.,
Otiorhynchus spp., Phlyctinus spp., Popillia spp., Psyliiodes spp., Rhizopertha spp.,
Scarabeidae, Sitophilus spp., Sitotroga spp., Tenebrio spp., Tribolium spp. and Trogoderma spp.; of the order Orthoptera, for example
Blatta spp., Blattella spp., Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Periplaneta spp. and Schistocerca spp.; of the order Psocoptera, for example Liposcelis spp.; of the order Anoplura, for example
Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Pemphigus spp. und Phylloxera spp.; of the order Mallophaga, for example Damalinea spp. and Trichodectes spp.; of the order Thysanoptera, for example Frankliniella spp., Hercinothrips spp., Taeniothrips spp., Thrips palmi, Thrips tabaci and Scirtothrips aurantii; of the order Heteroptera, for example Cimex spp., Distantiella theobroma, Dysdercus spp.,
Euchistus spp. Eurygaster spp. Leptocorisa spp., Nezara spp., Piesma spp., Rhodnius spp.,
Sahlbergella singularis, Scotinophara spp. and Triatoma spp.; of the order Homoptera, for example Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aleyrodes brassicae,
Aonidiella spp., Aphididae, Aphis spp., Aspidiotus spp., Bemisia tabaci, Ceroplaster spp.,
Chrysomphalus aonidium, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Coccus hesperidum, Empoasca spp., Eriosoma larigerum, Erythroneura spp., Gascardia spp., Laodelphax spp., Lecanium comi, Lepidosaphes spp., Macrosiphus spp., Myzus spp., Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata spp., Paratoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Planococcus spp., Pseudaulacaspis spp.,
Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp., Pulvinaria aethiopica, Quadraspidiotus spp.,
Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoideus spp., Schizaphis spp., Sitobion spp.,
Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza erytreae and Unaspis citri; of the order Hymenoptera, for example Acromyrmex, Atta spp., Cephus spp., Diprion spp.,
Diprionidae, Giipinia polytoma, Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis,
Neodiprion spp., Solenopsis spp. and Vespa spp.; of the order Diptera, for example Aedes spp., Antherigona soccata, Bibio hortulanus,
Calliphora erythrocephala, Ceratitis spp., Chrysomyia spp., Culex spp., Cuterebra spp.,
Dacus spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Fannia spp., Gastrophilus spp., Glossina spp.,
Hypoderma spp., Hyppobosca spp., Liriomyza spp., Lucilia spp., Melanagromyza spp.,
Musca spp., Oestrus spp., Orseolia spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia spp.,
Rhagoletis pomonella, Sciara spp., Stomoxys spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp. and Tipula spp.; of the order Siphonaptera, for example Ceratophyllus spp. and Xenopsylla cheopis; or of the order Thysanura, for example Lepisma saccharina.
Amongst the class Arachnida, they are preferably representatives of the order Acarina, for example
Acarus siro, Aceria sheldoni, Aculus schlechtendali, Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Calipitrimerus spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eotetranychus caφini, Eriophyes spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Olygonychus pratensis, Ornithodoros spp., Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Tarsonemus spp. and Tetranychus spp..
Especially preferred is the control of insects of the orders Coleoptera and Lepidoptera; in the order Colepotera especially the genera and species Agriotes spp., Anthonomus spp., Atomaria linearis, Chaetocnema tibialis, Diabrotica spp. and Leptinotarsa decemlineata; in the order Lepidoptera the genera and species Adoxophyes spp., Agrotis spp., Alabama argillaceae, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Chilo spp., Cydia spp., Ephestia spp., Heliothis spp., Keiferia lycopersicella, Mamestra brassicae, Pectinophora gossypiella, Plutella xylostella, Sesamia spp., Spodoptera spp., Tortrix spp., and Trichoplusia. A further preferred subject according to the invention part (B) is the control of representatives of the class Nematoda, such as root knot nematodes, stem eelworms and foliar nematodes; especially Heterodera spp., for example Heterodera schachtii, Heterodora avenae and Heterodora trifolii; Globodera spp., for example Globodera rostochiensis; Meloidogyne spp., for example Meloidogyne incoginita and Meloidogyne javanica; Radopholus spp., for example Radopholus similis; Pratylenchus, for example Pratylenchus neglectans and Pratylenchus penetrans; Tylenchulus, for example Tylenchulus semipenetrans; Longidorus, Trichodorus, Xiphinema, Ditylenchus, Aphelenchoides and Anguina, in particular Meloidogyne, for example Meloidogyne incognita, and Heterodera, for example Heterodera glycines.
The macrolides used according to the invention (B) are preventatively and/or curatively valuable active ingredients in the fields of insect control, even at low application rates, while being well tolerated by warm-blooded species, fish, beneficials and plants. The active ingredients used according to the invention are effective against all or individual development stages of normally sensitive, but also resistant, pests. The action of the active ingredients used according to the invention may become apparent directly, i.e. in the form of destruction of the pests, which occurs immediately or only after some time has elapsed, for example during ecdysis, or indirectly, for example as a reduced oviposition and/or hatching rate, the good action corresponding to a destruction rate (mortality) of at least 50 to 60%.
With the aid of the active ingredients used in accordance with the invention part (B), it is possible to control, i.e. contain or destroy, pests which occur on plant propagation material, mainly on propagation material of useful plants and ornamentals in agriculture, in horticulture and in forests, and even plant organs which grow at a later point in time are still protected from these pests, that is to say the protection lasts, for example, until resistant mature plants have developed, and where the propagation material, or the plants developing therefrom, are protected not only from pests which attack the aerial plant organs, but also from soil-dwelling pests.
Suitable plant propagation material in the invention part (B), that is, for example, seedlings, rhizomes, nursery plants, cuttings or, in particular seed (seeds), such as fruit, tubers, kernels or bulbs, are, in particular, propagation material of cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, maize or sorghum; beet, such as sugar or fodder beet; fruit, for example pome fruit, stone fruit and soft fruit, for example apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries or berries, for example strawberries, raspberries and blackberries; legumes, such as beans, lentils, peas or soya beans, oil crops, such as oilseed rape, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconut, castor-oil plants, cacao or peanuts; cucurbits, such as pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; fibre plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit or mandarins; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage species, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes or capsicums; Lauraceae, such as avocado, Cinnamonium or camphor; or tobacco, nuts, coffee, egg plants, sugar cane, tea, pepper, grapevines, hops, Musaceae, latex plants or ornamentals; especially of cereals, rice, cotton, maize, soya beans, oilseed rape, vegetables, potatoes, sunflowers, sugar beet and sorghum.
The genetically modified propagation material is preferably propagation material, in particular seed, which contains one or more genes expressing a pesticidal resistance, in particular an insecticidal or acaricidal, but also a fungicidal or nematocidal, resistance, which make the plant resistant to herbicides, which lead to increased resistance to plant diseases or which introduce other agronomically advantageous properties into the plant. Such plants, or their propagation material, are in particular those which contain a gene derived from a Bacillus thuringiensis and which encode an insecticidally active protein or contain a gene. These are, especially, genetically modified plant propagation materials of potatoes, alfalfa, cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, maize or sorghum; legumes, such as beans, lentils, peas or soya beans; beet such as sugar or fodder beet; oil crops, such as oilseed rape, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconut, castor-oil plant, cacao or peanuts; cucurbits, such as pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; fibre plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit or mandarins; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage species, carrots, onions or tomatoes.
Examples of the genetically modified plant propagation material mentioned are, for example, the commercially available products Maximized (KnockOut®), Yieldgard*, Roundup Ready Soybeans®, TC Blend® or NuCOTN 33B®, all of which are known to those skilled in the art. Other fields of application for the active ingredients used in accordance with the invention part (B) are, for example, the protection of stored products or stores or in the hygiene sector; in particular the protection of domestic animals or productive livestock from pests.
The invention of subject-matter (B) therefore also relates to corresponding pesticides for use, to be selected depending on the intended aims and the prevailing circumstances, such as emulsifiable concentrates, suspension concentrates, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, spreadable pastes, dilute emulsions, sprayable powders, soluble powders, dispersible powders, wettable powders, dusts, granules or encapsulations in polymeric substances which comprise - at least - one of the active ingredients used in accordance with the invention, and to the use of these insecticidal compositions for use in a method. Preferred is a composition which comprises only one macrolide compound, especially emamectin or a salt thereof.
In these compositions, the active ingredient is employed in pure form, for example a solid active ingredient in a particular particle size or, preferably, together with - at least - one of the auxiliaries conventionally used in the art of formulation, such as extenders, for example solvents or solid carriers, or such as surface-active compounds (surfactants).
Suitable auxiliaries such as solvents, solid carriers, surface-active compounds, non-ionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and anionic surfactants in the compositions employed in accordance with the invention are, for example, those which have been described in EP-A-736 252.
Liquid formulations for the treatment of plant propagation material according to invention part (B), especially of seed, comprise, for example, surface-active substances (1 - 15% by weight), such as ethoxylated tristyrenephenols and their salts, alkyl polyglycol ether ethoxylates, polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene copolymers, the sodium salt of lignosulphonic acid, salts of polynaphthalenesulphonic acid and alkylbenzenesulphonic acid triethanolamine salt; antifreeze agents (5 - 15%), such as, for example, DL-propane-1 ,2-diol or propane-1 ,2,3- triol; colourants (1 - 10%), such as pigments or water-soluble dyes; antifoams (0.05 - 1%), such as polydimethylsiloxane; coatings (1 - 10%), such as polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylate; preservatives ( 0.1 - 1 %), such as 1 ,2-benzoisothiazol-3-one; thickeners (0.1 - 1 %), such as heteropolysaccharide; and solvents, such as water.
Solid formulations for the treatment of plant propagation material, especially of seed, comprise, for example: surface-active substances ( 1- 10%), such as alkyl polyglycol ether ethoxylate, polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethyiene copolymers, the sodium salt of lignosulphonic acid, salts of polynaphthalenesulphonic acid; colourants (1 - 10%), such as pigments or water-soluble dyes; antifoams (0.05 - 1 %), such as polydimethylsiloxane; coatings ( 1 - 10%), such as polyethylene glycol or cellulose; and carriers (to 100% w/w), such as silica powder, talc powder, clays and the like.
As a rule, the compositions comprise 0.1 to 99%, in particular 0.1 to 95%, of active ingredient and 1 to 99.9%, in particular 5 to 99.9%, of - at least - one solid or liquid auxiliary, it being possible, as a rule, for 0 to 25%, in particular 0.1 to 20%, of the compositions to be surfactants (% is in each case per cent by weight). While concentrated compositions are more preferred as commercially available goods, the end consumer will use, as a rule, dilute compositions having much lower concentrations of active ingredient.
Preferred compositions, such as emulsifiable concentrations, dusts, suspension concentrates, wettable powders and granules have, for example, those compositions which are mentioned in EP-A-736 252.
The compositions according to the invention part (B) can also comprise other solid or liquid auxiliaries, such as stabilizers, for example unepoxidized or epoxidized vegetable oils (for example epoxidized coconut oil, rapeseed oil or soya oil), antifoams, for example silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders and/or tackifiers, and also fertilizers or other active ingredients for achieving specific effects, for example bactericides, nematicides, molluscides or selective herbicides.
The action of the compositions according to the invention part (B) can be broadened considerably by adding other, for example insecticidally, acaricidally and/or fungicidally active, ingredients and adapted to prevailing circumstances. Suitable additions of insecticidally and acaricidally active ingredients are, for example, representatives of the following classes of active ingredients: organophosphorus compounds, nitrophenols and derivatives, formamidines, triazine derivatives, nitroenamine derivatives, nitro- and cyanoguanidine derivatives, ureas, benzoylureas, carbamates, pyrethroids, chlorinated hydrocarbons and Bacillus thuringiensis products. Especially preferred components in mixtures are NI-25, TI-304, TI-435, MTI-446, fipronil, lufenuron, pyripfoxyfen, thiacloprid, fluxofenime; imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, fenoxycarb, diafenthiuron, pymetrozine, diazinon, disulphoton; profenofos, furathiocarb, cyromazin, cypermethrin, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin or Baciiius thuringiensis products, very especially NI-25, TI-304, TI-435, MTI-446, fipronil, thiacloprid, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and tefluthrin.
Examples of suitable additions of fungicidally active ingredients are the following compounds: azoxystrobin; bitertanol; carboxin; Cu20; cymoxanil; cyproconazole; cyprodinil; dichlofluamid; difenoconazoie; diniconazole; epoxiconazole; fenpiclonil; fiudioxonil; fluquiconazole; flusilazole; flutriafol; furalaxyl; guazatin; hexaconazole; hymexazoi; imazalil; imibenconazole; ipconazole; kresoxim-methyl; mancozeb; metalaxyl; R-metalaxyl; metconazole; oxadixyl, pefurazoate; penconazole; pencycuron; prochloraz; propiconazole; pyroquilone; SSF-109; spiroxamin; tebuconazole; teflutrin; thiabendazole; tolifluamide; triazoxide; triadimefon; triadimenol; triflumizole; triticonazole and uniconazole.
The compositions to be used according to the invention part (B) are prepared in a known manner, for example in the absence of auxiliaries by grinding and/or screening, for example to a particular particle size, or by compressing a solid active ingredient, and in the presence of at least one auxiliary, for example by intimately mixing and/or grinding the active ingredient with the auxiliary/auxiliaries. These methods for preparing the compositions according to the invention and the use of macrolides for preparing these compositions are also subjects of the invention.
The application methods according to the invention part (B) for the protection of plant propagation material, which, in accordance with the invention, is any plant material capable of developing complete plants after planting or sowing to the site of planting or sowing, for example seedlings, rhizomes, nursery plants, cuttings or, in particular, seed (seeds), such as fruits, tubers, kernels or bulbs, against attack by pests are characterized in that, for example, suitable compositions are applied in such a manner that they are applied in close spatial proximity to, or spatially together with, planting or sowing the propagation material to the site of planting or sowing. Application of these compositions in close spatial proximity to planting or sowing the propagation material to the site of planting or sowing takes place in accordance with the invention, preferably prior to planting or sowing the propagation material, by applying the compositions by soil application directly to the site where the propagation material has been planted or sown, for example preferably prior to sowing into the seed furrow or to a closely delimited area around the site of planting or sowing the propagation material. Application of such compositions, which takes place spatially together with planting or applying the propagation material to the site of planting or sowing is to be understood as meaning that propagation material which has been pretreated with these compositions is planted or sown at the site of planting or sowing, it being possible, depending on the intended aims and prevailing circumstances, for the pretreatment of the propagation material to be effected for example by spraying, atomizing, dusting or scattering the compositions over the propagation material or brushing or pouring the compositions over the propagation material or, in the event of seed, in particular also by dressing the seed. When carrying out seed dressing, which is preferred according to the invention, i.e. dry seed, wet seed-dressing, liquid seed-dressing or slurry dressing, a suitable pesticide is added to the seed prior to sowing in a seed-dressing apparatus and the composition is distributed uniformly over the seed, for example by stirring the contents of the seed-dressing apparatus and/or by rotating and/or shaking the entire seed-dressing apparatus. Particular embodiments of such a seed-dressing treatment comprise, for example, immersing the seed in a liquid composition, coating the seed with a solid composition (seed coating) or by achieving penetration of the active ingredient into the seed by adding the composition to the water used for pre-soaking the seed (seed soaking). Typical application rates for the compositions used in the seed-dressing treatment according to the invention are, for example, between 0.1 and 100 g of active ingredient per 100 kg of seed, in particular between 1 and 60 g / 100 kg of seed, preferably between 4 and 40g / 100 kg of seed.
The seed-dressing treatment according to invention part (B) comprises, in particular, that due to the low toxicity of the active ingredient used, good tolerance by birds of the dressed seed is observed, for example, in the case of birds which, being seed-eaters in the open countryside, tend to take seed from freshly seeded fields, such as buntings, blackbirds, thrushes, ducks, pheasants, finches, geese, linnets, chickens, crows, skylarks, tits, seagulls, ravens, partridges, wood pigeons, goldfinches, pigeons or siskins. The seed- dressing treatment according to the invention also extends to the dressing of stored seed.
The commercial plant propagation material which has been pretreated according to invention part (B) is another subject of the invention. Examples of formulations of macrolide compounds which can be used in the method according to the invention (B), that is to say solutions, granules, dusts, sprayable powders, emulsion concentrates, coated granules and suspension concentrates, are of the type as has been described in, for example, EP-A-580 553, Examples F1 to F10.
Example F1 : General procedure for liquid seed dressing
The required amount of liquid formulation is placed into an Erlenmeyer flask. The flask is shaken to distribute the liquid on the entire bottom of the vessel. The required amount of seed is introduced into the flask immediately thereafter. The flask is shaken vigorously by hand for approximately one minute so that all the seed is covered with liquid. The contents of the flask are turned out onto a drying rack and dried in an oven.
Example F2: General procedure for dry seed dressing
Various wide-necked flasks are each filled with the same number of seed kernels, and each flask is charged with such an amount of wettable powder that the desired amount of active ingredient per seed kernel (for example 0.03, 0.1 or 0.3 mg per kernel) is obtained. The flasks are placed on a roller and rotated for three minutes at 80 rotations/minute. The seed kernels which are attached to the walls of the flasks are then disengaged by shaking by hand, and the flasks are rotated in the opposite direction for three minutes.
Biological examples (% = per cent by weight, unless otherwise specified)
Example B4: Seed-dressing action against first-instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis on maize leaves
Maize seeds which have been dressed as described in procedure F1 are sown. 12, 19, 26, 33, 40 and 47 days after sowing, sections 5 to 8 cm in length of the top-most leaves of the plants are placed in glass beakers and infested with a predetermined quantity of a suspension of freshly hatched L1 larvae of Spodoptera littoralis. The beakers are closed with a lid and kept at 25°C, a relative atmospheric humidity of 60% and a day-light cycle of 16 hours. Evaluation takes place three to five days after infestation. The percentage reduction in population (% action) is determined by comparing the number of surviving larvae on the plants grown from dressed seeds and from untreated seeds.
Example B5: Seed-dressing action against adult Diabrotica balteata on sugar beet leaves Seeds of sugar beet which have been dressed as described in procedure F1 are sown. 33, 40, 47, 54 and 61 days after sowing, the leaves of in each case three to 5 plants are placed in a glass beaker and infested with a predetermined number of young adult Diabrotica balteata. The beakers are closed with a lid and kept at 25°C, a relative atmospheric humidity of 60% and 16 hours of daylight. Evaluation takes place three to five days after infestation. The percentage reduction in population (% action) is determined by comparing the number of surviving Diabrotica adults on the plants grown from dressed seeds and from untreated seeds.
Example B6: Seed-dressing action against third-instar larvae of Diabrotica balteata on maize roots
Maize seeds which have been treated as described in procedure F1 are sown. 14, 21 and 28 days after sowing, in each case five third-instar larvae of Diabrotica balteata are placed on the bottom of each plant pot. Evaluation takes place 6 days after infestation. The data registered are the number of surviving instars (larvae and pupae) in the stem of the plants, on the soil surface and in the soil. The percentage reduction in population (% action) is determined by comparing the number of surviving larvae and pupae on the plants grown from dressed seeds and from untreated seeds and their environment.
Example B7: Seed-dressing action against Aphis fabae
A glass flask or a plastic container is filled with 100 g of bean seeds and such an amount of a formulation of the active ingredient that a ratio of 0.1 , 1 or 10 g of active ingredient per kg of seed is achieved. The active ingredient is distributed uniformly on the seed surface by rotating and/or shaking the container. The seeds which have been dressed in this way are sown in flowerpots (3 seeds per pot). The plantlets are grown in a greenhouse at 25 to 30°C until they have reached the 2-leaf stage and then populated with Aphis fabae. 6 days after population, the test is evaluated. The percentage reduction in population (% action) is determined by comparing the number of surviving individuals on the plants grown from dressed seeds and from untreated seeds.
In this test, a good action is shown by abamectin, emamectin and spinosad.
Example B8: Seed-dressing action against Myzus persicae
A glass flask or a plastic container is filled with 100 g of sugar beet seeds and such an amount of a pasty formulation of the active ingredient, prepared with a sprayable powder and a little water, that a ratio of 0.1 , 1 or 10 g of active ingredient per kg of seed is achieved. The closed seed-dressing container is agitated on a roller until the paste is distributed uniformly on the seed surface. The seeds which have been dressed (coated) in this way are dried and sown into loess soil in plastic pots. The seedlings are grown in a greenhouse at 24 to 26°C, a relative atmospheric humidity of 50 to 60% and a daily illumination time of 14 hours. 4 weeks after germination, the plants, which are 10 cm high, are populated with a mixed population of Myzus persicae. Evaluation takes place 2 and 7 days after the plants have been populated. The percentage reduction in population (% action) is determined by comparing the number of surviving individuals on the plants grown from dressed seeds and from untreated seeds.
In this test, a good action is shown by abamectin, emamectin and spinosad.
The invention further relates to
(C) A method of controlling wood pests and molluscs, characterized in that a pesticidally active amount of a pesticide comprising, as pesticidally active compound, at least one macrolide, preferably abamectin, emamectin or spinosad, in free form or agrochemically utilizable salt form, as active ingredient and at least one auxiliary is applied to the pests or their environment; to the corresponding use of these compounds, to corresponding pesticides whose active ingredient is selected from amongst these compounds, to a process for the preparation of and to the use of these compositions, and to plant propagation material thus protected from attack by pests.
The macrolides used in accordance with the invention are the same as mentioned under the aspect (A) of the invention. Also the salt are as mentioned under invention part (A). In the case of abamectin, the free form is preferred in accordance with the invention. Especially preferred for the puφoses of the present invention is a composition which comprises emamectin in free form or as an agrochemically tolerated salt as the only pesticidally active component; especially as the salt; more especially as the benzoate, substituted benzoate, benzenesulphonate, citrate, phosphate, tartrate or maleate; preferably as the benzoate or benzenesulphonate, especially preferably as the benzoate.
A larger number of different classes of active ingredient are mentioned in the literature as arthropodecidally acting active ingredients for controlling gastropods and termites. Suφrisingly, it has now been found that the compounds known under the collective term macrolides, too, exhibit an important molluscicidal and termiticidal activity, specifically against gastropods, such as slugs and snails, and against wood pests, in particular representatives of the order of Isoptera.
The molluscs include, for example,
Ampuliariidae; Arion (A. ater, A. circumscriptus, A. hortensis, A. rufus); Bradybaenidae (Bradybaena fruticum); Cepaea (C. hortensis, C. Nemoralis); Cochlodina; Deroceras (D. agrestis, D. empiricorum, D. laeve, D. reticulatum); Discus (D. rotundatus); Euomphalia; Galba (G. trunculata); Helicella (H. itala, H. obvia); Helicidae (Helicigona arbustorum); Helicodiscus; Helix (H. aperta); Limax (L. cinereoniger, L. flavus, L. marginatus, L. maximus, L. tenellus); Lymnaea; Milax (M. gagates, M. marginatus, M. sowerbyi); Opeas; Pomacea (P. canaticulata); Valionia and Zanitoides.
The termites include, in particular, the families Hodotermitidae, Kalotermitidae, Rhino- termitidae and Termitidae. Other pests which damage wood by feeding on wood, using it as a substrate or reproducing on wood, are to be understood as meaning, for example, wood- boring insects such as representatives of the family Lyctidae, the family Apidae, for example Xylocopa virginica, and of the family Anobiidae, such as Anobium punctatum.
Slugs and snails as pests in horticulture and agriculture are a massively increasing problem. They can cause severe plant damage by feeding, and can also bring about undesirable soiling by slug and snail mucus and faeces. Novel changes in the management of crops have led to an increased number in varieties of plant species which are sensitive to slugs and snails, and the obligation to dispense with burning stubble fields - which is based on an ecological approach - and to plough in the straw instead suggests that the existing mollusc problems, especially slug problems, will be made worse.
Termites are capable of inflicting substantial damage to buildings in particular at geographical latitudes of between 42° N and 42 S°. In principle, two types of termites can be distinguished:
Termites which live in the subsoil - the most widely distributed type - require warm air and a moist environment. In order always to have available the necessary moisture, these termites must have direct access to the moist soil. Damage caused by subterranean termites is virtually always associated with damage to wood.
Termites which use dry wood as their substrate represent - even though less frequently - a large problem since they do not require contact with the moist soil. They penetrate into buildings underneath roof shingles, through gaps and through ventilation holes. Others are brought into households with items of furniture which are already infested. Pretreatment of the wood is considered the most efficient method of controlling such termites. The damages of termites living on dry wood are caused more slowly than damages of termites living in a moist environment, therefore, damage caused by termites of the first-mentioned type is found predominantly in old buildings.
Damage caused by termites living subterraneously in a humid environment can be prevented by the application of insecticidally active substances to the termites or their environment. Such compounds are conventionally employed mainly for application to the soil around the buildings.
Gastropodicides which are currently commercially available comprise metaldehyde and carbamates such as, for example, methiocarb. Carbamates are highly effective as molluscicides, but exhibit the serious disadvantage of being highly toxic to mammals such as, for example, cats, dogs and hedgehogs, and other organisms such as, for example, earthworms, which should be left unharmed. While the metaldehyde molluscicides exhibit a lower toxicity, they are not lethal to molluscs but have an anaestheticizing or dehydrating effect, thus immobilizing the pests. There is therefore a demand for a useful moiluscicide which is highly effective against, for example, slugs and snails, but has no, or a very low, toxic effect on beneficials such as, for example, earthworms, and mammals. This object is achieved with the macrolides of the present invention.
Also, the currently available compositions for controlling termites are not satisfactory in all respects since generally relatively large zones around building constructions, or these buildings themselves, must be treated with large amounts of insecticide. This can lead to secondary problems, in particular in the case of persistent pesticides, especially in houses. Here too, there is therefore a further demand for improved solutions, in particular by applying active ingredients which can be employed in particularly low quantities and which have low volatility.
The invention part (C) therefore also relates to pesticides such as emulsifiable concentrates, suspension concentrates, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, spreadable pastes, dilute emulsions, sprayable powders, soluble powders, dispersible powders, wettable powders, dusts, granules, pellets or encapsulations in polymeric substances, all of which are to be chosen to suit the intended aims and the prevailing circumstances and which comprise - at least - one of the active ingredients according to the invention.
The active ingredient is employed in these compositions in pure form, for example a solid active ingredient in a particular particle size, or, preferably, together with - at least - one of the auxiliaries or carriers conventionally used in formulation technology.
Examples of formulation auxiliaries are solid carriers, solvents, stabilizers, slow-release auxiliaries, colorants and, if appropriate, surface-active substances (surfactants). Suitable carriers and auxiliaries are all substances conventionally used in crop protection products, in particular in gastropodicides. Suitable auxiliaries such as solvents, solid carriers, surface- active compounds, non-ionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants and other auxiliaries in the compositions employed in accordance with the invention are, for example, those which have been described in EP-A-736'252.
Other suitable substances which can be used as carriers for molluscicides are phago- stimulants, that is to say the attractants and/or food (that is to say substances which can be utilized physiologically by slugs and snails) usually contained in slug and snail bait formulations. Mixtures of phagostimulants with other suitable organic and/or inorganic carriers may also be used.
Suitable phagostimulants for molluscicides are preferably: ground cereals, such as, for example, wheat flour, barley flour, rye flour, and also rice starch, crushed soya beans, fish meal, molasses, crushed rapeseed and the like. It is possible to employ either only one phagostimulant or else a mixture of phagostimulants.
To make the bait more palatable for the molluscs, one or more of the following substances can be used as additive for slug and snail baits: a) a vitamin B, in particular B1 , B2, nicotinic acid or nicotinamide; b) vitamin E; c) animal or vegetable proteinaceous material, for example albumins and their hydrolytic degradation products, in particular those obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis by, for example, pepsin, such as metaproteins, proteoses, peptones, polypeptides, peptides, diketopipera- zines and amino acids; d) one or more amino acids or salts or amides thereof, which may also be synthetic products; e) a nucleic acid or a hydrolytic degradation product thereof, such as a nucleotide, a nucleoside, adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracile or thymine; f) urea, carbamic acid; g) an ammonium salt, for example ammonium acetate; h) an amino sugar, for example, glucosamine or galactosamine; i) compounds of sodium, potassium, calcium or magnesium, or traces of compounds of manganese, copper, iron, cobalt, zinc, aluminium, boron or molybdenum, in particular chelates of these, such as Versene®; j) phosphoric acid, or glyceryl or sugar phosphates; k) water.
Stabilizers may be all known food stabilizers which have a fungistatic, fungicidal, bacteriostatic and/or bactericidal action, such as sodium benzoate, methyl p-hydroxy- benzoate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, citric acid, tartaric acid, sorbic acid, phenols, alkylphenols or chlorinated phenols.
Slow-release auxiliaries which may be employed include, in addition to the substances mentioned as solid carriers, resins such as urea/formaldehyde resins, soya-bean meal, waxes, stearates and oils such as castor oil.
Substances which can be employed as auxiliaries for molluscicides according to part (C) of the invention are, for example, binders such as methylcellosolve, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, natural waxes, chemically modified waxes and synthetic waxes, sugars, starch, alginates, agar, iignosulphonates and gum arabic, humectants such as polyalcohols, for example sugars or glycerol, preservatives, colorants, snail and slug attractants, repellents for warm-blooded species and/or other formulation auxiliaries. Combinations with known molluscicidally active ingredients, for example metaldehyde or mercaptodimethur, are also possible.
The formulation steps can be complemented by kneading, granulating (granules) and, if appropriate, compressing (pills, tablets, pellets).
The molluscicidal compositions which preferably comprise, other carriers and/or auxiliaries in addition to the active ingredient are preferably present in the ready-to-use form as sprayable powders, tracking powders, as granules (the active ingredient being present as a mixture with the carrier material), or as pellets. Especially preferred formulations are tracking powders, granules or pellets.
Formulations which are specifically suitable for controlling molluscs according to part (C) of the invention are granules or pellets which comprise, as a rule, 0 to 90%, preferably 0 to 70%, of carrier material, 0.1 to 10%, preferably 1 to 5%, of active ingredient, 10 to 95%, preferably 25 to 90%, of phagostimulant, 0.5 to 25%, preferably 5 to 20%, of binder and, if appropriate, 0 to 15% of other auxiliaries (% is in each case per cent by weight).
The amount to be applied in each case as gastropodicide is not critical, due to the lack of, or low, toxicity to warm-blooded species and depends on the prevailing circumstances, such as severity of infestation, climatic conditions and the plants to be protected. The application rate of bait types according to the invention can be varied within a substantial range. In general, between 3 and 15 kg of snail and slug bait are used per hectare, preferably between 5 and 10 kg per hectare. Expediently, the gastropodicides are distributed as uniformly as possible between the crop plants by spraying an aqueous suspension or by spreading the powders, granules or pellets on the soil. If the plant canopy is not dense, it may also be expedient to establish "trapping strips" around the plants to be protected.
Since the gastropodicides according to the invention are outstandingly well tolerated by plants, no limitations apply to the plants to be protected. Thus, all ornamentals and crop plants in agriculture, forests and horticulture (also in greenhouses) in all growth stages can be protected from slug and snail damage.
The formulation and the use of the slug and snail baits according to the invention and of the compositions for controlling wood pests can be seen from the examples which follow.
The compositions to be used according to the invention part (C) for controlling gastropods and wood pests are prepared in the known manner, in the absence of auxiliaries for example by grinding and/or straining, for example to obtain a particular particle size, or by compressing a solid active ingredient, and in the presence of at least one auxiliary for example by intimately mixing and/or grinding the active ingredient with the auxiliary / auxiliaries. These processes for the preparation of the compositions according to the invention and the use of the macrolides for the preparation of these compositions are also the subject of the invention.
As a rule, the compositions in the frame of part (C) of the invention comprise 0.1 to 99%, in particular 0.1 to 95%, of active ingredient and 1 to 99.9%, in particular 5 to 99.9%, of - at least - one solid or liquid auxiliary, it being possible, as a rule, for surfactants to account for 0 to 25%, in particular 0.1 to 20%, of the compositions (% is in each case per cent by weight). While concentrated compositions are more preferred as commercially available goods, the consumer uses, as a rule, dilute compositions which have much lower concentrations of active ingredient.
The activity of the compositions according to the invention can be widened considerably by adding other, for example insecticidally, acaricidally and/or fungicidally active ingredients and adapted to the prevailing circumstances. Examples of suitable added active ingredients are the same as mentioned under part (B) of the invention.
In an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the macrolide compound is used for controlling the termites and other wood-destroying pests in the soil, thus achieving an indirect protection of timber constructions. An amount of the macrolide sufficient to control the pests is applied to the soil, preferably at an application rate of 1 g to 2000 g per hectare, especially 2 to 200 g, in particular 5 to 100 g.
Worker termites must work on the pesticide-treated soil to gain access to the wood. Inevitably, they will take up some of the pesticide and carry it back to the termite colony and thus spread the active ingredient in the termite colony.
The active ingredient(s) can also be applied in the form of baits, for example in the form of tablets which comprise the active ingredient, such as are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,096,710. Especially preferably, the macrolide is applied to materials which are used by the termites as food and building materials for the termite colony. Examples of such materials are board, paper, wood dust, cellulose powder or cotton. Useful concentrations on these materials are 0.01 to 10,000 ppm. Such baits are especially efficient even when pheromones are additionally employed and wood is used which has already been attacked by fungi. Such uses are discussed, for example, in in U.S. Patent No. 5,151 ,443.
The macrolides according to the invention part (C) are preventatively and/or curatively valuable active ingredients with a very favourable biocidal spectrum in the field of mollusc and wood-pest control, even at low use concentrations, and are well tolerated by warmblooded species, fish and plants. The active ingredients according to the invention are active against all or individual developmental stages of normally sensitive, but also resistant, molluscs and wood pests, especially termites. The molluscicidal action of the active ingredients according to the invention may manifest itself directly, i.e. in destruction of the pests, either immediately or only after some time has elapsed, or indirectly, for example in a reduced oviposition and/or hatching rate, the good action corresponding to a destruction rate (mortality) of at least 50 to 60%.
Using the active ingredients according to the invention part (C), it is possible to control, i.e. contain or destroy, mollusc damage in particular on plants, mainly on useful plants and ornamentals in agriculture, in horticulture and in forests, or pests of the abovementioned type which occur on organs of such plants, such as fruits, flowers, foliage, stalks, tubers or roots and in some cases even plant organs which grow at a later point in time are still protected from these pests.
Suitable target crops for mollusc control are, in particular, cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, maize or sorghum; beet, such as sugar or fodder beet; fruit, for example pome fruit, stone fruit and soft fruit, such as apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries or berries, for example strawberries, raspberries or blackberries; legumes such as beans, lentils, peas or soya beans; oil crops such as oil seed rape, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconuts, castor, cacao or peanuts; the marrow family, such as pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; fibre plants such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits or tangerines; vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage species, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, or capsicums; the laurel family such as avocado, Cinnamonium or camphor; and tobacco, nuts, coffee, egg plants, sugar cane, tea, pepper, grapevines, hops, the banana family, latex plants and ornamentals.
Other fields of application for the active ingredients according to the invention part (C) are the protection of stored products and stores and of materials from molluscs and wood pests.
The compositions according to the invention part (C) are also suitable for the protection of plant propagation material, for example seed, such as fruits, tubers or kernels, or plant propagules, from gastropods and termites, especially gastropods. The propagation material can be treated with the composition prior to planting, for example seed prior to sowing. Alternatively, the active ingredients according to the invention can be applied to seed kernels (coating) either by soaking the kernels in a liquid composition or by coating them with a solid composition. Alternatively, the composition can be applied to the site of planting when the propagation material is being planted, for example into the seed furrow during sowing. These treatment methods for plant propagation material and the plant propagation material treated thus are further subjects of the invention.
The examples which follow are intended to illustrate part (C) of the invention. They do not impose any limitation thereto.
Formulation examples
Example F3: Preparation of slug pellets
40 kg of crushed rapeseed (ratio of extracted non-extracted crushed rapeseed = 65:35), 2.6 kg of a finely ground premix comprising 2.1 kg of macrolide and 500 g of highly-disperse silica, 4.7 kg of cold crosslinked comstarch, 540 g of urea/formaldehyde resin, 100 g of isopropanol, 3 kg of sugar beet molasses and 140 g of blue colorant (1 ,4- di(isobutylamino)anthraquinone) are introduced in succession into a mixer and mixed intimately. This is followed by compression moulding. The product is left to cool and dry, and fines are removed using a 0.5 mm screen. This gives a ready-to-use slug and snail bait formulation.
Instead of the abovementioned compression moulding method, another, customary compacting method may also be used for preparing the slug and snail bait formulation.
Use examples
Example A1 : Test for determining the efficacy of slug and snail pellets against Deroceras reticulatum
The efficacy of slug and snail pellets against small slug species, for example Deroceras species, is tested in polycarbonate boxes with a 17 cm x 22 cm base. The bottom of the box is covered with several layers of cellulose paper which is moistened sufficiently. The slug and snail pellets are scattered uniformly over one half of the test area at an application rate of 20 particles; the other half remains untreated. To avoid forced behaviour, the slugs are additionally given untreated supplementary feed: two potato halves arranged in diagonally opposite corners of the box. 10 adult reticulated field slugs (Derocers reticulatum) are introduced to the untreated area of each box. Each test is replicated three times. Temperature and atmospheric humidity are kept virtually constant during the entire test period: 19° and 90 to 95% relative atmospheric humidity. The state of the slugs is checked and scored daily on seven consecutive days. When assessing the efficacy, the mortality rate and the number of animals which show symptoms of damage are taken into consideration.
In this test, the macrolides according to the invention are very effective.
Example A2: Test for determining the efficacy of slug and snail pellets against Arion rufus
The efficacy of slug and snail pellets against larger slug species is tested in plastic test boxes equipped with a wire mesh. Each box has a base of 0.25 m2. The bottom of the box is covered by a 2 to 3 cm deep layer of potting compost. The potting compost is moistened sufficiently before the beginning of the experiment. Slug and snail pellets are scattered uniformly over the left half of the experimental area at an application rate of 3.1 g; the right half remains untreated. To avoid forced behaviour, the slugs are additionally given untreated supplementary feed: two potato halves arranged in diagonally opposite corners of the box. 10 adult red slugs (Arion rugus) are introduced to the untreated area of each box. Each test is replicated four times. Temperature and atmospheric humidity are kept virtually constant during the entire test period: 19° and 90 to 95% relative atmospheric humidity. The state of the slugs is checked and scored daily on seven consecutive days. When assessing the efficacy, the mortality rate and the number of animals which show symptoms of damage are taken into consideration.
In this test, the macrolides according to the invention are very effective.
Example A3: Test for determining systemic efficacy against Deroceras reticulatum a) Lettuce plants
A test solution is prepared by dissolving a macrolide sample in 1 ml of acetone and making up the solution with water to 50 ml. The roots, previously cleaned with fresh water, of young lettuce plants 6 cm in height are immersed for at least two days in this solution. For each test, individual leaves are excised from these lettuce plants and placed on a paper filter in a 9 cm Petri dish. 1 ml of water is pipetted onto each paper filter to keep the leaves moist during the experiment. Then, two medium-sized slugs are introduced into each Petri dish and the amount of consumed leaves and the mortality is determined over a period of two days.
In this test, the macrolides according to the invention show a good action. b) Seed Batches of 10 slugs are introduced into 5 sealed boxes containing compost and having a base of 35 cm x 20 cm. In each case 100 treated winter wheat kernels are scattered uniformly into four boxes. In the fifth box, 50 treated winter wheat kernels are distributed over one side of the box and 50 untreated winter wheat kernels over the other side of the box to test the repellent action.
In this test, the macrolides according to the invention are very effective.
Example A4: Action against termites
Wood baits are treated with different amounts of macrolide, and their effect on hatching rate and survival of termites is tested. Solutions with concentrations of 0 ppm, 0.1 ppm, 100 ppm and 1000 ppm of the test substance in acetone are used. Water is used in the control study. The baits consist of pine wood which have been kept in a natural environment for four months.
The termites are collected from infested pieces of wood in the open. To carry out the wood bait study, the wood is kept for 48 hours in an oven at 80°C. The dried wood is then weighed, and the pieces are placed for 18 hours in solutions of the active ingredient at the desired concentration. The pieces of wood are then removed from the solutions, dried in the air and reweighed. To determine the action of the baits against termites, the pieces of wood thus treated are placed on a thin layer of untreated soil in Petri dishes.
The termites (50 workers and 2 soldiers) are introduced into each Petri dish. The dishes are inspected three times per week, over a period of 8 weeks. Insect development, abnormalities and mortalities are recorded. After 8 weeks, the logs are rinsed with water and dried again in an oven for 48 hours at 80°C. Again, the weight of each piece of wood is subsequently determined. The weight differential corresponds to the amount of the wood consumed by the termites.
In this test, the macrolides according to the invention are very effective.

Claims

Patent claims:
1. Method of controlling pests in crops of transgenic useful plants, characterized in that a pesticidal composition comprising a macrolide compound in free form or in agrochemically useful salt form as active ingredient and at least one auxiliary is applied to the pests or their environment.
2. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that abamectin is employed.
3. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that emamectin is employed.
4. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the transgenic plant is treated.
5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the transgenic crop of useful plants is maize.
6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the transgenic crop of useful plants is soya beans.
7. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the propagation material of the transgenic useful plant is treated.
8. A method of protecting, against attack by pests, plant propagation material and plant organs which grow at a later point in time, characterized in that a pesticide comprising at least one macrolide compound in free form or in agrochemically utilizable salt form as active ingredient and at least one auxiliary is employed in close spatial proximity to, or spatially together with, planting or applying the propagation material to the site of planting or sowing.
9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the active ingredient is abamectin in free form.
10. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the active ingredient employed is emamectin in free form or in salt form.
11. Method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the propagation material is seedlings, rhizomes, nursery plants, cuttings or seed.
12. Method according to claim 11 , characterized in that the plant propagation material is seed.
13. Method as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the pests are representatives of the order Lepidoptera.
14. Method as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the composition is employed in such a way that propagation material which has been pretreated with the composition is planted or sown at the site of planting or sowing.
15. Method according to any one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the pretreatment of the propagation material is seed dressing.
16. Method of controlling wood pests and molluscs, characterized in that a pesticidally active amount of a pesticide comprising, as pesticidally active compound, at least one macrolide, in free form or agrochemically utilizable salt form, as active ingredient and at least one auxiliary is applied to the pests or their environment.
17. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that the active ingredient employed is abamectin, emamectin or spinosad, in free form or in agrochemically utilizable salt form.
18. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that the active ingredient employed is emamectin as the benzoate salt.
19. Method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that gastropods are controlled.
20. Method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that termites are controlled.
21. Composition for controlling molluscs and wood pests, characterized in that it comprises, as pesticidally active compound, at least one macrolide and at least one auxiliary.
PCT/EP1998/008384 1997-12-23 1998-12-21 Use of macrolides in pest control WO1999033343A2 (en)

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NZ505208A NZ505208A (en) 1997-12-23 1998-12-21 Use of macrolides in pest control
AU24157/99A AU744005B2 (en) 1997-12-23 1998-12-21 Use of macrolides in pest control
CA2318331A CA2318331C (en) 1997-12-23 1998-12-21 Use of macrolides in pest control
DE19882911T DE19882911B3 (en) 1997-12-23 1998-12-21 Use of Abamectin in pest control
BRPI9816227A BRPI9816227B8 (en) 1997-12-23 1998-12-21 process and composition for shellfish control
HU0100334A HUP0100334A3 (en) 1997-12-23 1998-12-21 Use of macrolides in pest control
JP2000526117A JP2001527026A (en) 1997-12-23 1998-12-21 Use of macrolides in pest control
BRPI9814318A BRPI9814318B1 (en) 1997-12-23 1998-12-21 process for insect control in useful transgenic plant crops expressing the cry1ab protein
GB0015099A GB2346807B (en) 1997-12-23 1998-12-21 Use of macrolides in pest control
US11/144,320 US20050267053A1 (en) 1997-12-23 2005-06-03 Use of macrolides in pest control
US11/144,294 US20050227931A1 (en) 1997-12-23 2005-06-03 Use of macrolides in pest control
US11/154,185 US20050250711A1 (en) 1997-12-23 2005-06-16 Use of macrolides in pest control
US11/927,825 US20080107700A1 (en) 1997-12-23 2007-10-30 Use of macrolides in pest control
US11/927,740 US20090093363A1 (en) 1997-12-23 2007-10-30 Use of macrolides in pest control
AU2009201218A AU2009201218B8 (en) 1997-12-23 2009-03-27 Use of macrolides in pest control
US13/109,775 US8697602B2 (en) 1997-12-23 2011-05-17 Use of macrolides in pest control
US14/251,897 US20140221300A1 (en) 1997-12-23 2014-04-14 Use of macrolides in pest control

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CH8498 1998-01-16
CH86/98 1998-01-16
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CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 120, no. 15, 11 April 1994 (1994-04-11) Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 185372, G.M.BARKER ET AL.: "Seed treatment for protection of seedling white clover from nematodes" XP002102209 & PROC. N. Z. PLANT PROT. CONF.. 46TH, 1993, pages 228-232, *
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DATABASE CABA [Online] STN-International STN-accession no. 88:71626, H. ANSON MOYE: "Residues of avermectin B1a in rotational crops and soils following soil treatment with [14C] avermectin B1a" XP002102216 & JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, vol. 35, no. 6, 1988, pages 859-864, *
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US6875727B2 (en) 1997-12-23 2005-04-05 Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. Use of macrolides in pest control
US6844339B2 (en) * 1998-01-16 2005-01-18 Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. Use of neonicotinoids in pest control
JP2003506463A (en) * 1999-08-12 2003-02-18 イーライ・リリー・アンド・カンパニー Oral treatment of pests in companion animals
JP2012001563A (en) * 1999-08-12 2012-01-05 Eli Lilly & Co Oral treatment for insect pest in companion animal
WO2002030205A3 (en) * 2000-10-06 2002-07-04 Monsanto Technology Llc Treatment of transgenic corn seeds with pesticides
US6586365B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2003-07-01 Monsanto Technology, Llc Method for reducing pest damage to corn by treating transgenic corn seeds with clothianidin pesticide
US6593273B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2003-07-15 Monsanto Technology Llc Method for reducing pest damage to corn by treating transgenic corn seeds with pesticide
US8080496B2 (en) * 2000-10-06 2011-12-20 Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. Method for reducing pest damage to corn by treating transgenic corn seeds with thiamethoxam pesticide
WO2002030205A2 (en) * 2000-10-06 2002-04-18 Monsanto Technology, Llc Treatment of transgenic corn seeds with pesticides
US7678773B2 (en) 2001-02-27 2010-03-16 Merial Limited Salts of avermectins substituted in the 4″-position and having pesticidal properties
US7732416B2 (en) 2001-02-27 2010-06-08 Merial Limited Avermectins substituted in the 4″-position having pesticidal properties
WO2003070908A2 (en) 2002-02-19 2003-08-28 Dow Agrosciences Llc Novel spinosyn-producing polyketide synthases
US7217681B2 (en) 2004-03-16 2007-05-15 Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. Pesticidal composition and method for fungal control
WO2005094585A1 (en) * 2004-03-16 2005-10-13 Syngenta Participations Ag Pesticidal composition and method for seed treatment
EP1922930A3 (en) * 2004-03-16 2013-02-20 Syngenta Participations AG Pesticidal composition and method for seed treatment
WO2007031565A3 (en) * 2005-09-16 2007-06-14 Neurorff Gmbh Kg W Bait compositions comprising at least one spinosyn and one molluscicide
US7964205B2 (en) 2005-09-16 2011-06-21 W. Neudorff Gmbh Kg Insecticide and molluscicide composition and methods
US8007820B2 (en) 2005-09-16 2011-08-30 W. Neudorff Gmbh Kg Wide spectrum insecticide and miticide composition
WO2007031565A2 (en) * 2005-09-16 2007-03-22 W. Neudorff Gmbh Kg Bait compositions comprising at least one spinosyn and one molluscicide
EP1925205A1 (en) 2006-11-23 2008-05-28 Sygenta Participations AG. Plant propagation material treatment nematicides
CN103548822A (en) * 2013-08-21 2014-02-05 陕西康禾立丰生物科技药业有限公司 Water dispersible granule and suspension prepared from azoxystrobin

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