WO1999029052A1 - Procede pour le transfert d'informations entre une station au sol et des satellites, et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede - Google Patents

Procede pour le transfert d'informations entre une station au sol et des satellites, et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999029052A1
WO1999029052A1 PCT/DE1998/003347 DE9803347W WO9929052A1 WO 1999029052 A1 WO1999029052 A1 WO 1999029052A1 DE 9803347 W DE9803347 W DE 9803347W WO 9929052 A1 WO9929052 A1 WO 9929052A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
arrangement according
diagram
arrangement
satellite
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1998/003347
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Lorenz-Peter Schmidt
Klaus Solbach
Original Assignee
Daimler-Benz Aerospace Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19846082A external-priority patent/DE19846082A1/de
Application filed by Daimler-Benz Aerospace Ag filed Critical Daimler-Benz Aerospace Ag
Publication of WO1999029052A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999029052A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
    • H04B7/18517—Transmission equipment in earth stations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for transmitting messages between an earthbound station and position-changing satellites of a satellite system and an arrangement for carrying out such a method.
  • a communication link between an earthbound station, for example a stationary user, and a geostationary satellite (GEO satellites) can be made for stationary users with technically relatively simple fixed directional antennas, such as for example in satellite television with fixed parabolic or offset parabolic reflector antennas. Such antennas are inexpensive.
  • On Satellite system comprises a plurality of satellites which move in several orbits and in particular also change their position with respect to the surface of the earth.
  • Satellites in very low orbits are also called LEO satellites ("Low Earth ürbit"). Communication with one of these satellites requires constant adjustment of a directional antenna at the ground-based station on the ground.
  • position data transmitted from it are received in the earthbound station and converted into control data for the antenna alignment and / or search and track tracking data are derived from the quality of the received signal.
  • both mechanical and electronically swiveled antennas can be used.
  • This task cannot be performed with a simple, mechanically swiveled reflector antenna, since it cannot at the same time the path of the second satellite can be followed and since a mechanical swivel from one satellite to the next would take too long and would temporarily interrupt the communication link.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a generic method and an arrangement for carrying out such a method, by means of which a communication link to non-stationary satellites (LEO satellites) is made possible in a cost-effective manner.
  • LEO satellites non-stationary satellites
  • a first bundled antenna diagram of the antenna arrangement of the variable position of a satellite, with which a message transmission is currently being processed and which is therefore referred to below as the current satellite, is continuously updated.
  • the antenna arrangement of the earthbound station has a limited monitoring solid angle, which can be given by the horizon, for example, but can also be narrower.
  • a connection to the successor satellite is established by means of a second antenna pattern.
  • previously known orbital data of the successor satellite is used for the approximate alignment of the second antenna pattern.
  • known orbital data can be predefined for the satellite system or can always be made available via existing connections.
  • Previously known path data can also be used for the tracking of a diagram if the data and the orientation of the diagram are sufficiently precise. Without such previously known orbital data, a successor satellite can also be determined by searching an expected solid angle section, for which a broadening of the reception diagram can also be considered.
  • a control loop preferably tracks the diagram alignment of the variable satellite position on the basis of the differential diagram received signal.
  • Alignment or tracking can also be carried out solely on the basis of received signals from bundled antenna diagrams (summing diagrams) or combinations of different tracking measures.
  • a determination and pursuit of a changing satellite Finally, the lite position can also take place for an antenna arrangement with a plurality of individual radiators on an analog or digital signal processing level.
  • the station detects two satellites via the antenna arrangement.
  • the message transmission is switched to the connection with the successor satellite essentially without delay and without or at least without any significant interruption in the message transmission.
  • the earthbound station contains, among other things, an antenna arrangement with devices for generating at least two antenna diagrams, which can be aligned differently and independently of one another within the solid angle monitoring area.
  • the antenna diagrams show a narrow bundling of diagrams compared to the expansion of the solid angle range.
  • Means and measures for generating bundled antenna diagrams are known per se to the person skilled in the art and can in particular include the use of narrowly bundling individual radiators or the grouping together of small bundled individual radiators in linear or two-dimensional arrays or combinations thereof.
  • measures which are customary and known from the prior art.
  • the use of electronic phase shifters or switchable delay lines (time delay), which are preferably implemented in the high-frequency range of the antenna arrangement as independent components in the antenna feed system and / or as components in transmission, reception or transmission-reception modules can.
  • So-called multi-beam feed networks are also known, for example in the form of a butler matrix.
  • reception antenna diagrams can also be simulated at the signal processing level by combining the reception signals from individual radiators, radiator groups or subgroups in the intermediate frequency and / or baseband range in analog or digital form in accordance with the signal reception via a specific antenna diagram form (IF beamforming, digital beamforming ).
  • the electronic swiveling of antenna diagrams for tracking when the satellite position changes is typically based on measures similar to the generation of diagrams, in that individual parameters of the diagram generation can be variably specified, in particular relative phases or signal propagation times of individual radiators, radiator groups or subgroups.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention therefore provides for a combined diagram swiveling by means of an antenna mounted on a mechanically swiveling antenna platform, which is designed as a group antenna with electronically swiveling antenna diagrams, the electronic swiveling being restricted in relation to the solid angle range and preferably only being provided in a swiveling plane that is fixed with respect to the antenna platform be.
  • the antenna platform is preferably pivoted mechanically about an azimuthal and an elevational pivot axis
  • the means for mechanically pivoting the antenna antenna platform for example, comprise a first and a second swivel device, of which the first swivel device enables the swiveling of the platform in azimuth and the second swivel device, which is fastened on the first swivel device and in turn carries the antenna platform, permits the additional swiveling of the antenna platform in an elevation plane.
  • the pivot axes of the first and the second pivot device are essentially perpendicular to one another.
  • Antenna platform is to be understood as a mechanical receptacle for the antenna on the means for mechanical pivoting, which can include a supporting structure such as a support plate or the like, but can also be limited to simple fastening means when the antenna is self-supporting.
  • the swivel angle range of the antenna platform (characterized, for example, by a surface normal) can be restricted in relation to the entire solid angle monitoring area, so that the full coverage of the monitoring area by the swiveling diagram only results with the combined mechanical and electronic swiveling.
  • the swivel range of the electronic diagram swivel is adapted to the satellite system and the maximum angle to be expected between a current satellite and a suitable successor satellite, this angle being measured at the station in the plane spanned by the station, the current satellite and the successor satellite.
  • the antenna arrangement preferably generates at least one transmission diagram, a first reception diagram oriented in the same way, and at least in a transfer phase a second reception diagram differently oriented in relation to the first.
  • Generating a send or receive The radiation or reception of waves according to a certain solid angle dependence is understood to be a diagram.
  • An existing bidirectional message transmission is processed via the transmission diagram and the first reception diagram.
  • the second reception diagram is used to establish a new connection to a successor satellite.
  • the reception via the two reception diagrams can take place simultaneously using parallel reception branches or in time division multiplexing using only one reception branch, to which the reception signals corresponding to one of the two reception diagrams are alternately fed.
  • the antenna can use the same individual radiators to generate the several different diagrams as the transmit / receive antenna.
  • the antenna can also be divided into sub-antennas which can be controlled independently of one another.
  • the partial antennas can occupy separate areas adjacent to one another or can be nested with one another with their individual radiators.
  • a separate transmission antenna with at least one pivotable transmission diagram and a reception antenna with at least two pivotable independent reception diagrams can be combined, it being possible advantageously to dispense with transmission-reception switches on the antenna.
  • the two reception diagrams can also be generated by two separate reception antennas.
  • a transmit / receive antenna can also be provided to generate a transmission diagram and an aligned reception diagram, the diagram being able to be aligned in the case of transmission and reception using the same actuating means, and a separate reception antenna for generating at least one further reception diagram.
  • a plurality of radiators can be arranged as a linear radiator row within a single transmit / receive antenna or one or more sub-antennas, the beam row preferably running in this pivot plane for electronic pivoting in a pivot plane.
  • the individual radiators of an antenna or partial antenna can also form a two-dimensional array, in which the individual radiators are preferably combined in columns (or rows) oriented transversely to the electronic swivel plane with phase or transit time relationships that are fixed within the columns. For each column, only one variable actuator per independent diagram is required to swivel the diagram.
  • self-test and calibration devices can be provided, by means of which, for example a high-frequency test signal is fed into the antennas (receiving antennas) or a test signal is coupled out of the transmitting antenna and processed in a processor.
  • the antennas can also have bundling elements in the form of reflectors or lenses.
  • the swivel ranges of different sub-antennas can be different if these sub-antennas show a different mechanical pre-alignment.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

En vue de réaliser le transfert d'informations entre un système de satellites à satellites basse altitude et une station au sol, l'invention concerne un procédé pour la commutation sans retard du transfert d'informations entre un satellite actuel et un satellite suiveur approprié, ainsi qu'un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé. Une forme d'exécution préférée d'un tel dispositif comprend un agencement à antennes dans lequel on peut effectuer une orientation combinée, mécanique et électronique, des diagrammes d'antennes. L'agencement à antennes peut ainsi être réalisé de façon particulièrement simple et économique tout en ayant cependant la possibilité de détecter la zone considérée de contrôle de l'angle solide total.
PCT/DE1998/003347 1997-11-28 1998-11-14 Procede pour le transfert d'informations entre une station au sol et des satellites, et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede WO1999029052A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19752693.4 1997-11-28
DE19752693 1997-11-28
DE19846082.1 1998-10-07
DE19846082A DE19846082A1 (de) 1997-11-28 1998-10-07 Verfahren zur Nachrichtenübertragung zwischen einer erdgebundenen Staion und Satelliten und Anordnung zur Durchführung eines solchen Verfahrens

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999029052A1 true WO1999029052A1 (fr) 1999-06-10

Family

ID=26041972

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1998/003347 WO1999029052A1 (fr) 1997-11-28 1998-11-14 Procede pour le transfert d'informations entre une station au sol et des satellites, et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1999029052A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000025448A2 (fr) * 1998-10-23 2000-05-04 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Terminal satellite

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993009577A1 (fr) * 1991-11-08 1993-05-13 Calling Communications Corporation Antennes terrestres pour systeme de telecommunication par satellites
US5432524A (en) * 1993-03-01 1995-07-11 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of Communications Drive arrangement for mechanically-steered antennas
EP0720308A1 (fr) * 1995-01-02 1996-07-03 Agence Spatiale Europeenne Procédé et système de transmission de signaux radioélectriques via un réseau de satellites entre une station terrestre fixe et des terminaux mobiles d'usagers
EP0749218A1 (fr) * 1995-06-12 1996-12-18 Alcatel N.V. Système de communication par satellites à défilement, station et terminal y inclus
WO1998029967A2 (fr) * 1996-12-30 1998-07-09 At & T Corp. Systeme de telecommunications a liaison directe avec un satellite

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993009577A1 (fr) * 1991-11-08 1993-05-13 Calling Communications Corporation Antennes terrestres pour systeme de telecommunication par satellites
US5432524A (en) * 1993-03-01 1995-07-11 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of Communications Drive arrangement for mechanically-steered antennas
EP0720308A1 (fr) * 1995-01-02 1996-07-03 Agence Spatiale Europeenne Procédé et système de transmission de signaux radioélectriques via un réseau de satellites entre une station terrestre fixe et des terminaux mobiles d'usagers
EP0749218A1 (fr) * 1995-06-12 1996-12-18 Alcatel N.V. Système de communication par satellites à défilement, station et terminal y inclus
WO1998029967A2 (fr) * 1996-12-30 1998-07-09 At & T Corp. Systeme de telecommunications a liaison directe avec un satellite

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000025448A2 (fr) * 1998-10-23 2000-05-04 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Terminal satellite
WO2000025448A3 (fr) * 1998-10-23 2001-12-20 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Terminal satellite

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