WO1998003306A1 - Article abrasif structure contenant une charge spherique creuse - Google Patents

Article abrasif structure contenant une charge spherique creuse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998003306A1
WO1998003306A1 PCT/US1996/012110 US9612110W WO9803306A1 WO 1998003306 A1 WO1998003306 A1 WO 1998003306A1 US 9612110 W US9612110 W US 9612110W WO 9803306 A1 WO9803306 A1 WO 9803306A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
abrasive
composites
abrasive article
hollow spheres
binder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1996/012110
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bruce J. Lundegard
Edward J. Woo
Andrew J. Ball
Original Assignee
Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company filed Critical Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
Priority to PCT/US1996/012110 priority Critical patent/WO1998003306A1/fr
Priority to AU65937/96A priority patent/AU6593796A/en
Publication of WO1998003306A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998003306A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
    • B24D3/28—Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
    • B24D11/001—Manufacture of flexible abrasive materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an abrasive article having abrasive composites comprising abrasive particles and hollow spheres dispersed in a binder.
  • a coated abrasive article has been described which incorporates hollow microspheres in a size and/or make coat layer located in-between a backing and an abrasive grain coating (U.S. Pat. No. 4,543,106 (Parekh)).
  • the microspheres in Parekh reside in a relatively flat-surfaced resin coating (make and/or size), whereas the abrasive grains principally rest upon and project from the surface of the make coat resin layer.
  • abrasive composites formulations used in making structured abrasives involves incorporating relatively softer materials, e.g., polyethylene glycol or silicone oil, into the binder matrix of the abrasive composites; e.g., see U.S. Patent No. 5,453,312 (Haas et al.).
  • This modification is made to enhance the erodability of the composites.
  • Altering the erodability of the composites using relatively soft materials in conjunction with the hard materials (viz., resin binder, abrasive particles) of an abrasive composite can affect the aggressiveness of the abrasive article. The desirability of this effect may depend on the ultimate use envisioned for the abrasive article.
  • the present invention provides a structured abrasive article fabricated at substantially reduced cost without sacrificing product performance.
  • An abrasive article of the present invention is particularly useful in certain applications, such as for example, abrading painted surfaces .
  • the present invention provides an abrasive article comprising a plurality of composites, where the composites comprise abrasive particles and hollow spheres dispersed in a binder.
  • the invention provides an abrasive article comprising a plurality of abrasive composites attached to a backing, the composites comprising abrasive particles and hollow spheres dispersed in a binder, wherein the abrasive particles comprise at least about 10 vol. _ and the hollow spheres comprise at least about 15 vol. %, respectively, of the total volume of the composites.
  • the hollow spheres comprise hollow spherical bodies or balloons formed of glass or ceramic, or a temperature-resistant polymeric material.
  • the hollow spheres are "microspheres", and are occasionally referred to as such herein, in the sense that the hollow spheres have a diameter of from about 4 to about 250 micrometers and a median diameter of from about 25 to about 125 micrometers, although both larger and smaller diameters could also be useful.
  • Such hollow spheres generally have a shell thickness of from about 3 to about 15% of the diameter of the hollow sphere.
  • the average volume percentage occupied by the hollow spheres in the abrasive composites is at least about 15, more preferably at least about 25, and most preferably between about 35 and about 50.
  • the hollow spheres are uniformly dispersed throughout the materials forming the abrasive composites.
  • the abrasive composite comprises between about 25 to about 45 volume percent glass bubbles (as the hollow spheres) and 10 to 25 volume percent silicon .carbide abrasive particles.
  • glass other ceramic materials such as fly ash (a by-product of coal combustion) , alumina, and clay, as well as temperature- resistant polymers, such as phenolics and polyurethane- polyurea thermoplastic polymers, can be used to form the shells of the hollow spheres.
  • the hollow spheres may be coated with a coupling agent (e.g., silanes, titanates, zircoaluminates) and/or resinous material to promote adhesion to the binder matrix of the composites.
  • a coupling agent e.g., silanes, titanates, zircoaluminates
  • low density hollow spheres used in the present invention contain entrapped gas.
  • the binder matrix of the abrasive composites is filled with and encapsulates the hollow spheres to form a closed cellular-like structure.
  • the incorporation of the hollow spheres into the abrasive composites of a structured abrasive article results in significant savings in resin and abrasive particle costs.
  • the hollow spheres take up a considerable percentage of the volume of the abrasive composites that otherwise would be occupied by abrasive particles and/or resin. Consequently, the inclusion of the hollow spheres in the abrasive composites effectively reduces the amount of binder resin and abrasive particles required and thereby extends the supply of these production materials. This translates into a substantial cost reduction in the fabrication of the abrasive article.
  • no appreciable decrease in the cut rate of the abrasive article is observed even though the amount of abrasive particles in the composite is greatly reduced.
  • inclusion of the hollow spheres in the composites of a structured abrasive also has allowed an increase in the resin to abrasive particles ratio within the slurry while maintaining acceptable cut performance.
  • This increase in the resin to abrasive particles ratio within the slurry is achieved while maintaining and without sacrificing acceptable cut performance.
  • This increase in the resin to abrasive particles ratio effectively reduces the viscosity of the slurry to a more processable level while reducing the amount of abrasive particles needed to achieve the same result.
  • the hollow spheres are formed with shells that are either translucent or transparent materials.
  • radiation such as ultraviolet (U.V.) and/or visible light
  • U.V. ultraviolet
  • visible light used to effect cure of the binder resin in the abrasive composites can transmit more easily through the composite, resulting in more extensively cured binder.
  • another advantage of the enhanced passage and penetration of the radiation through the binder matrices of the composite, as enabled by the hollow spheres is that slurries comprising relatively darker colored abrasive particles, such as black silicon carbide, ceria or diamond, or other opaque abrasive particles, can be thoroughly cured.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of one embodiment of the abrasive article of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of another embodiment of the abrasive article of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of yet another embodiment of the abrasive article of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a side schematic showing an apparatus for making an abrasive article of the present invention.
  • the abrasive article of the present invention has the general arrangement of a plurality of abrasive composites bonded to a backing, where reductions in overall production material costs are attainable without sacrificing performance by virtue of an inventive modification of the abrasive composite formulation and resulting structure.
  • the abrasive article of the present invention is particularly useful in certain applications such as paint sanding.
  • the general construction of abrasive composites bonded to a backing to provide a structured abrasive article has been disclosed, for example, by U.S. Patent Nos. 5,152,917 and 5,304,223 (Pieper et al . ) and 5,435,816 (Spurgeon et al.).
  • FIG. 1 shows abrasive article 10 comprising a backing 12 having front surface 13. On front surface 13 supports composites 15 attached thereto. Composites 15 are three- sided pyramids (not including the base side) .
  • the composites 25 each comprise abrasive particles 17, hollow spheres (bubbles) 18, and binder 19.
  • FIG. 2 shows abrasive article 20 representing another embodiment of the present invention.
  • /Abrasive article 20 comprise,s composites 25 on backing 12.
  • the composites 20 are formed in the shape of truncated, four sided pyramids (including the top plateau surface, but not the base side) .
  • Composites 25 comprise abrasive particles 17, hollow spheres (bubbles) 18, and binder 19.
  • the volume percentage of the hollow spheres 18 in composites 25 is greater than that for composites 15 of abrasive article 10.
  • this proviso may permit the truncated pyramids to be more erodible to compensate, among other things, for the lack of a sharp abrading peak so that initial abrading action available is sufficiently aggressive.
  • Fig. 3 shows abrasive article 30 representing yet another embodiment of the present invention in which the volume percentage of the larger hollow spheres represents relatively large percentage of the composite volume, especially as compared to the relatively smaller volume percentage occupied by the smaller hollow spheres in the abrasive article 20 depicted in FIG. 2.
  • composites 35 are truncated, four-side pyramids supported on backing 12.
  • Composites 35 comprise abrasive particles 17, hollow spheres (bubbles) 18, and binder 19.
  • hollow spheres 18 in composites 35 have a much larger diameter than bubbles 18 in composites 25.
  • the bubbles may be so large as to fill a substantial portion of the composite.
  • the diameter of the bubbles is larger, or close to, the dimensions of the abrasive composite, it may not be possible to get more than one bubble per composite. It is preferred that at least one bubble is located in each abrasive composite.
  • some of the hollow spheres are situated in the immediate surface regions of the composites and, among these, some have partly exposed surfaces. This is a natural consequence of the blending of the hollow spheres throughout the binder matrix. Prior to usage in an abrading operation, the vast majority of the hollow spheres typically will be completely embedded within the binder matrix of the composites and will only be subject to exposure during an actual abrading operation as consequence of composite erosion. However, the initial exposure of some hollow spheres poses no drawback, and it may be helpful in promoting the initial breakdown of any composite tips.
  • a successful abrasive article is one that is able to provide a high cut rate, while maintaining a sufficiently low surface finish on a workpiece, i.e., Ra and Rz. Additionally, the abrasive article preferably has a long useful working life.
  • the cut rate, surface finish, and generally article life depend on the composition of the composite. Many times, the desired properties are directly adverse. For example, a low (and desirable) surface finish may simply be the result of a very low cut rate.
  • an abrasive article with a high cut rate may abrade so quickly and coarse that several sequential grades of abrasive articles are needed in order to refine the surface finish.
  • the topography, abrasive particles, any fillers, and bubbles are important constituents in a useful abrasive article.
  • the abrasive composite is a three dimensional structure having a shape defined by boundaries. It is generally preferred in the present invention that each abrasive composite has a precise shape associated with it. The precise shape is determined by distinct and discernible boundaries.
  • a boundary of the composite means the exposed surfaces and edges of the composite that delimit and define the outline or contour of the actual three-dimensional shape of the abrasive composite. These boundaries separate one abrasive composite from another to some degree. These boundaries are readily visible and discernible when a cross-section of an abrasive article of this invention is viewed under a scanning electron microscope.
  • Such precise shapes can be formed, for example, by at least partially curing the curable binder of a flowable mixture of an uncured binder precursor, abrasive particles, and the hollow spheres, while the mixture is both being formed on a backing and filling a cavity on the surface of a production tool, and then removing the cured binder to form a composite.
  • the boundaries are not definitive, e.g., where the abrasive composite is permitted to sag before completion of its curing (solidification) .
  • Such non-precise composites are also within the scope of the present invention and can be formed, for example using a rotogravure roll or curing the binder precursor after it is removed from the cavity of the production tool.
  • the abrasive article of this invention is occasionally referred to herein as a "structured abrasive," which means a deployment of a plurality of the shaped abrasive composites on a common backing.
  • the abrasive composites can be attached to the backing in-situ during their formation and solidification, or, alternatively, the composites can be preformed (solidified) as separate, distinct three-dimensional shaped particles which can be attached to a backing via an additional binder.
  • the hollow spheres will be incorporated into the binder slurry being used to prepare the composites per se.
  • useful composite shapes include, but are not limited to, pyramids, truncated pyramids, cones, truncated cones, cylinders (posts), and tapered posts.
  • shapes such as pyramids have between 3 and 10 sides (not including the base) .
  • Additional useful shapes include .crosses (right angle intersection), X' s, spheres, hemispheres, or any prismatic shape.
  • the surfaces of the composite can be either smooth, i.e., flat, undulated, or dimpled such as a golf ball surface. Examples of useful composite shapes and topographies are further described in PCT Inter. Public. Nos.
  • An abrasive article may have several different types of composite shapes. These different shapes can be arranged in an array (i.e., a plurality of composites having the same shape) , or individually. Alternatively, the abrasive composite can be randomly arranged on the backing surface.
  • the heights of the composites can be between 25 and 1600 micrometers, preferably between 40 and 1040 micrometers, and most preferably between 40 and 700 micrometers, although larger and small composites may also be useful. It is preferred that the height of the composites is essentially the same throughout the abrasive article. However it is possible for the height of the composites to vary from one composite to another.
  • the density of the composites can be between about 5 and about 15,000 composites per square centimeter, preferably between about 2,000 and about 10,000 composites per square centimeter.
  • a higher density of composites provides a lower unit pressure per each composite, which generally may result in less severe scratching and a finer surface finish.
  • the hollow spheres incorporated into the abrasive composites used in the abrasive articles of the present invention generally have a diameter of from about 4 to about 250 micrometers, typically between 4 to 50 micrometers, and the median diameter of the hollow spheres is from about 25 to about 125 micrometers, although both larger and smaller diameters could also be useful.
  • Such hollow spheres generally have a shell thickness of from about 3 to about 15% of the diameter of the hollow sphere.
  • the volume percent of hollow spheres in the abrasive slurry forming the abrasive composite is at least about 15, more preferably at least about 25, even more preferably at least about 35, and most preferably between about 35 and 50.
  • the abrasive composite comprises between about 25 to 45 volume percent glass bubbles (as the hollow spheres) and 10 to 25 volume percent silicon carbide abrasive particles.
  • the hollow spheres may be coated with a coupling agent (e.g., silanes, titanates, zircoaluminates) and/or resinous material to promote adhesion to the binder matrix of the composites.
  • a coupling agent e.g., silanes, titanates, zircoaluminates
  • the hollow spheres are either translucent, transparent, or light in color. This allows the hollow spheres to transmit light instead of blocking or absorbing light directed into the composites.
  • dark bubbles such as black or gray, can also be used. In certain embodiments, such as when dark bubbles, fillers, or resins are used, it may be preferable to cure the binder precursor using an electron-beam radiation source.
  • Spheres or "spherical”, as used herein, mean particles having a true spherical shape from a geometric standpoint, as well as curved surface particles which vary from true spheres by as much as about 0.5 as calculated by the ratio of the smallest diameter/largest diameter. For a given external hollow sphere diameter the density is a function of the wall thickness, which, in turn, affects the mechanical resistance (especially to crushing) of the hollow spheres.
  • Examples of usable glass bubbles as the hollow spheres include those available from 3M Company under the trade designation "Scotchlite” .
  • Particular "Scotchlite” glass bubble grades include: “S22", 5 to 125 micrometer diameter bubbles with a median of 50 micrometers, and 0.6 micrometer thick walls; “S60”, 5 to 125 micrometer diameter bubbles with a median of 50 micrometers, and 2.0 micrometer thick walls; “S15”, 10 to 100 micrometer diameter bubbles with a median of 60 micrometers, and 0.6 micrometer thick walls; “S32”, 5 to 90 micrometer diameter bubbles with a median of 40 micrometers, and 0.6 micrometer thick walls; “S38”, 5 to 100 micrometer diameter bubbles with a median of 45 micrometers, and 0.6 micrometer thick walls; and “Kl”, 10 to 200 micrometer diameter bubbles with a median of 70 micrometers, and 0.5 micrometer thick walls.
  • glass and glass bubbles as used herein in connection with the hollow spheres, is meant to at least include fused silica-based glasses, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, and so forth.
  • vitreous, rigid, friable state glass is used for the shell material of the glass bubbles.
  • resin bubble is a polyvinylidene dichloride microsphere, commercially available from Pierce & Steven Industrial Group under the trade designation "Miralite 177", 10 to 60 micrometer diameter bubbles with a median of 30 micrometers.
  • the size distribution of the bubbles is fairly tight. However in some instances, such as when a high volume percentage of bubbles is desired, it may be best to have a wide distribution of bubble sizes. A wide distribution of sizes will allow a tighter and denser, and thus higher, packing of bubbles in the composite. Further, at times it may be desirable to mix two types of bubbles. The two types of bubbles could differ, for example, by their size distribution, median size, wall thickness, or composition material (e.g., glass, clay, polymer).
  • the abrasive composites of the present invention comprise at least about 10 volume percent abrasive particles, more preferably at least about 15 volume percent.
  • the abrasive particles useful for the composites of the inventive abrasive articles generally have a particle size ranging from about 0.01 to 1500 micrometers, usually between .about 0.1 to about 400 micrometers, and preferably between 1 to 250 micrometers.
  • the size distributions of the abrasive particles can be wide or narrow, and it is not necessary that the distributions be of a nominal grade (i.e., FEPA, ANSI, JIS, P-grade, etc.), although it is preferred that there be no extraneously large or small abrasive particles which may contribute to scratching or loading, respectively.
  • abrasive particles include fused aluminum oxide (which includes brown aluminum oxide, heat treated aluminum oxide, and white aluminum oxide) , ceramic aluminum oxide, green silicon carbide, black silicon carbide, chromia, alumina zirconia, diamond, tin oxide, iron oxide, ceria, cubic boron nitride, titanium diboride, boron carbide, silica, garnet, and combinations thereof.
  • the abrasive particles will typically have a Mohs' hardness of at least about 6, preferably at least about 7, and most preferably at least about 8.
  • the abrasive particles can also be shaped, for example, as thin bodies having geometrical faces of triangles, squares, or the like, and filamentary or rod shapes. Examples of useful shaped abrasive particles are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,090,968 (Pellow) ; 5,201,916 (Berg et al.); and 5,304,331 (Leonard et al . ) .
  • the term abrasive particle, as used herein, also encompasses single abrasive particles bonded together to form an abrasive agglomerate. Abrasive agglomerates are further described in U.S. Patent Nos.
  • a surface coating provided on the abrasive particles.
  • the surface coating may have many different functions. In some instances the surface coatings increase adhesion to the binder, alter the abrading characteristics of the abrasive particle,, and the like. Examples of surface coatings include coupling agents, halide salts, metal oxides including silica, refractory metal nitrides and carbides, and the like.
  • the abrasive particles and hollow spheres are dispersed in an organic binder (matrix) to form the abrasive composite.
  • the organic binder used in the abrasive coating not only acts as a medium for additives, viz., the hollow spheres which may affect the erodability property of the composite, but the binder itself generally has some intrinsic ability to erode during an abrading operation.
  • the organic binder can be a thermoplastic binder, however, it is preferably a thermosetting binder.
  • the binder is formed from a binder precursor. During the manufacture of the abrasive article, the thermosetting binder precursor is exposed to an energy source which aids in the initiation and promotion of the polymerization or curing process. Examples of such energy source include thermal energy and radiation energy which includes electron beam, ultraviolet light, and visible light.
  • the binder precursor is converted into a solidified binder.
  • the binder in the abrasive composite is generally also responsible for adhering the abrasive composite to a front surface of a backing. However, in some instances there may be an additional adhesive layer provided at least between the front surface of a backing and the abrasive composite.
  • thermosetting resins condensation curable and addition polymerized resins.
  • the preferred binder precursors are addition polymerized resins because they can be readily cured by exposure to radiation. Addition polymerized resins can polymerize through a cationic, mechanism or a free radical mechanism.
  • binder precursors useful in this invention include phenolic resins, aminoplast resins having pendant ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carbonyl groups, urethane resins, epoxy resins, ethylenically unsaturated resins, acrylated isocyanurate resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, isocyanurate resins, acrylated urethane resins, acrylated epoxy resins, and mixtures thereof.
  • Phenolic resins are suitable and offer good thermal properties, availability, relatively low cost, and hardness. There are two types of phenolic resins, resole and novolac. Resole phenolic resins have a molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of greater than or equal to one to one, typically between 1.5:1.0 to 3.0:1.0. Novolac resins have a molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of less than one to one.
  • Example of commercially available phenolic resins include those known by the tradenames "Durez” and "Varcum” from Occidental Chemicals Corp., "Resinox" from Monsanto; and "Arofene” and "Arotap” from Ashland Chemical Co.
  • Aminoplast resins have at least one pendant , ⁇ -unsaturated carbonyl group per molecule or oligomer. These unsaturated carbonyl groups include acrylate, methacrylate, and acrylamide type groups. These materials are further described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,903,440 (Larson et al.) and 5,236,472 (Kirk et al.), which both incorporated herein by reference.
  • Epoxy resins have an oxirane ring structure and are polymerized by the ring opening. Such epoxide resins include monomeric epoxy resins and polymeric epoxy resins. The resins can vary greatly in the nature of their backbones and substituent groups.
  • the backbone may be of any type normally associated with epoxy resin, and the substituent groups thereon can be any group free of an active hydrogen atom that is reactive with an oxirane ring at room temperature.
  • substituent groups include halogens, ester groups, ether groups, sulfonate groups, siloxane groups, nitro groups, and phosphate groups.
  • epoxy resins examples include 2, 2-bis [ 4- (2, 3- epoxypropoxy) -phenyl] propane (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol) and commercially available materials under the trade designation "Epon 828", “Epon 1004", and “Epon 1001F” available from Shell Chemical Co., "DER-331”, “DER-332”, and “DER-334" available from Dow Chemical Co.
  • Other suitable epoxy resins include glycidyl ethers of phenol formaldehyde novolac (e.g., "DEN-431” and "DEN-428” available from Dow Chemical Co.).
  • Useful curing agents, viz., cationic curing agents, for the epoxy resins include those described in U.S. Patent No. 5,454,844 (Hibbard et al.), which description is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Ethylenically unsaturated resins include both monomeric and polymeric compounds that contain atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and optionally, nitrogen, and the halogens. Oxygen or nitrogen atoms or both are generally present in ether, ester, urethane, amide, and urea groups. Ethylenically unsaturated compounds preferably have a molecular weight of less than about 4,000 and are preferably esters made from there reaction of compounds containing aliphatic monohydroxy groups or aliphatic polyhydroxy groups and unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, aleic acid, and the like.
  • acrylate resins include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, styrene, divinylbenzene, vinyl toluene, ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol methacrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, glycerol triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, pentaerythritol methacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate .
  • ethylenically unsaturated resins include monoallyl, polyallyl, and polymethallyl esters and amides of carboxylic acids, such as diallyl phthalate, diallyl adipate, and N,N-diallyladipamide.
  • Still other nitrogen containing compounds include tris (2-acryloyl- oxyethyl) isocyanurate, 1, 3, 5-tri (2-methyacryloxyethyl) -s- triazine, acrylamide, methylacrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, N, , -dimethyl-acrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, and N- vinylpiperidone .
  • Acrylated urethanes are diacrylated esters of hydroxy terminated NCO extended polyesters or polyethers.
  • examples of commercially available acrylated urethanes include “UVITHANE 782” available from Morton Thiokol Chemical, and "CMD 6600”, “CMD 3500”, “CMD 3600”, and “CMD 3700” available from Radcure Specialties.
  • Bismaleimide resins are further described in U.S.
  • Patent No. 5,314,513 (Miller et al.), which is incorporated by reference.
  • the abrasive slurry further comprise a free radical curing agent.
  • the curing agent is not always required because the electron beam itself generates free radicals. Examples of useful free radical thermal curing agents or initiators, or curing agents or photoinitiators for use with ultraviolet or visible light energy sources, include those described U.S. Patent No. 5,454,844 (Hibbard et al.), which description is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the abrasive slurry used to form the abrasive composites can further contain optional additives, such as fillers (including grinding aids), surfactants, dyes, plasticizers, coupling agents, suspending agents, thixotropic materials, antistatic agents, and the like.
  • optional additives such as fillers (including grinding aids), surfactants, dyes, plasticizers, coupling agents, suspending agents, thixotropic materials, antistatic agents, and the like.
  • the amount of these materials are selected to provide the properties desired.
  • the use of these additives can also independently affect the erodability of the abrasive composite. Among other things, the presence and amount of any of these optional additives should be selected so as not to adversely inhibit the function of the hollow spheres .
  • filler particles or other additives may be added.
  • optional solid fillers used for their supplemental effects on erodability include, but are not limited to marble, marl, gypsum, chalk, coral, coquina, and oolite.
  • metal carbonates such as calcium carbonate (chalk, calcite, marl, travertine, marble, and limestone) , calcium magnesium carbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate) , silica (such as quartz, solid glass beads, and glass fibers) , silicates (such as talc, clays (montmorillonite) , feldspar, mica, calcium silicate, calcium metasilicate, sodium aluminosilicate, and sodium silicate) , metal sulfates (such as calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, sodium sulfate, aluminum sodium sulfate, and aluminum sulfate) , gypsum, vermiculite, wood flour, aluminum trihydrate, carbon black, metal oxides (such as calcium oxide (lime) , aluminum oxide, and titanium dioxide) , and metal sulfites (such as calcium sulfite) .
  • metal carbonates such as calcium carbonate (chalk, calcite, marl, tra
  • Particularly useful filler additives include amorphous silica, such as commercially available from DeGussa under the trade designation "OX-50” and silica clay, such as commercially available from R.T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc., under the trade designation "Peerless #4.
  • filler also encompasses materials that are known in the abrasive industry as grinding aids.
  • a grinding aid is defined as particulate material that the addition of which has a significant effect on the chemical and physical processes of abrading which results in improved performance.
  • chemical groups of grinding aids include waxes, organic halide compounds, halide salts and metals and their alloys.
  • the organic halide compounds will typically break down during abrading and release a halogen acid or a gaseous halide compound.
  • examples of such materials include chlorinated waxes like tetrachloronaphthalene, pentachloronaphthalene; and polyvinyl chloride.
  • halide salts include sodium chloride, potassium cryolite, sodium cryolite, ammonium cryolite, potassium tetrafluoroborate, sodium tetrafluoroborate, silicon fluorides, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride.
  • metals include, tin, lead, bismuth, cobalt, antimony, cadmium, iron, and titanium.
  • Other miscellaneous grinding aids include sulfur, organic sulfur compounds, graphite, and metallic sulfides.
  • plasticizers such as polyethylene glycol and silicone oil, such as each commercially available from Union Carbide under the trade designations Carbowax "600” and Silwet 1 " "L- 7500” or “L77", respectively.
  • Coupling agents added to the abrasive coating also alter the erodability of the coating by enhancing the cross-linking in the coating.
  • coupling agents include silane coupling agents, such as commercially available from Union Carbide under the trade designations "A-174" and "A-187".
  • antistatic agents include graphite, carbon black, vanadium oxide, and humectants .
  • wetting agents are useful in controlling the viscosity of the abrasive slurry. It is desirable that the abrasive particles, bubbles, and any fillers are thoroughly wetted by the binder precursor. Storage of the abrasive slurry for an extended time, for example overnight, may improve the consistency of the slurry because the binder precursor has had ample time to thoroughly wet the particles.
  • the backing used in the abrasive article of this invention generally involves a sheet-like structure having a front and a back side, with the front side being available for attachment of the abrasive composites.
  • the backing can be selected from among conventional abrasive backings.
  • typical abrasive backings include polymeric film (including primed polymeric film) , cloth (including greige cloth) , open and closed cell sponges and foams, paper, vulcanized fiber, fibrous reinforced thermoplastics, nonwovens, metal (including metal substrates, metal foils, and the like) , and treated versions thereof, and combinations thereof.
  • Other examples of backings are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,316,812 (Stout et al.) and PCT Inter. Public.
  • the backing may contain a backing treatment, such as a primer, presize, backsize, and/or saturant. Alternatively, the backing may be devoid of any backing treatment. It is also possible to directly apply the abrasive composite coating to an attachment system.
  • a backing treatment such as a primer, presize, backsize, and/or saturant.
  • the backing may be devoid of any backing treatment.
  • PCT Inter. Public. No. WO 95/19242 (Barry et al.) teaches the direct coating of precisely shaped abrasive composites onto a hook attachment material which is adapted for engagement to a loop or foam material. Alternately, the abrasive composites can be formed on a loop material which is adapted for engagement with a hook or stalk material.
  • the backside of the backing may also contain a slip resistant or frictional coating. Examples of such coatings include an inorganic particulate (e
  • the abrasive article of the present invention can be in any known form, such as a sheet, tape, or endless belt.
  • the abrasive coating of the abrasive article is in the form of a plurality of abrasive composites shaped upon and bonded in situ to a backing, such as taught by U.S. Patent Nos. 5,152,917 and 5,304,223 (Pieper et al.) and 5,435,816 (Spurgeon et al.).
  • the abrasive composites are conveniently formed on a backing by filling cavities in a production tool with an abrasive slurry comprising the abrasive particles, binder precursor, and hollow spheres (and any other additives), and then curing the binder precursor while situated in molding cavities in the face of the production tool, such that the cured composite has the inverse shape of the cavity.
  • a plurality of these abrasive composites such as when formed together on a backing, provide an abrasive article that is a structured abrasive article.
  • the individual composites are generally interconnected by abutting each other at their bases, or via a land portion or abrasive material formed at the bases of the composites.
  • One method involves 1) introducing an abrasive slurry onto a production tool, wherein the production tool has a specified pattern, 2) introducing a backing to the outer surface of the production tool such that the slurry wets one major surface of the backing to form an intermediate article,* ' 3) at least partially curing or gelling the resinous adhesive before the intermediate article departs from the outer surface of the production tool to form a lapping coated abrasive article; and 4) removing the coated abrasive article from the production tool.
  • Another method involves 1) introducing an abrasive slurry onto the backing such that the slurry wets the front side of the backing to form an intermediate article; 2) introducing the intermediate article to a production tool having a specified pattern; 3) at least partially curing or gelling the resinous binder before the intermediate article departs from the outer surface of the production tool to form a structured abrasive article; and 4) removing the structured abrasive article from the production tool.
  • the resulting solidified abrasive slurry or abrasive composite will have the inverse pattern of the production tool.
  • the abrasive composite has a precise and predetermined pattern.
  • the resinous binder can be further solidified or cured off the production tool.
  • FIG. 4 is a general schematic of a method for manufacturing the abrasive articles of the present invention.
  • a backing 41 leaves an unwind station 42 and at the same time the production tool 46 leaves another unwind station 45.
  • An abrasive slurry is applied via coating means 44 to cavities in the face of the production tool 46 by means of coating station 44 to form an abrasive precursor coating 46' . It is possible to heat the abrasive slurry and/or subject the slurry to ultrasonics prior to coating to lower the slurry viscosity. Other methods of lowering the viscosity, such as increasing the amount of binder precursor and/or decreasing the amount of fillers, are well know.
  • the coating station 44 can be any conventional coating means such as a drop die coater, knife coater, curtain coater, vacuum die coater, or a die coater.
  • backing 41 is brought into contact with production tool 46 and abrasive precursor coating 46' by means of contact nip roll 47 such that the abrasive precursor coating 46' wets the front surface of the backing 41.
  • the contact nip roller 47 also forces the resulting construction against rotatable support drum 43.
  • the compression forces exerted by contact nip roller 47 and/or drum 23 necessary to intimately contact the binder precursor coating 46' with the front face of the backing 41 are not great enough to crush the hollow microspheres embedded in the binder precursor coating 46' beyond any nominal scale, if any.
  • abrasive precursor coating 46' Next some appropriate form of energy is transmitted into the abrasive precursor coating 46' through intervening production tool 46 to at least partially cure and solidify the binder precursor coating 46' by energy source 48 to form abrasive coating 46" which has become attached to the backing 41.
  • the term partial cure means that the binder precursor coating is polymerized to such a state the abrasive slurry does not flow when inverted in the tool. If the binder precursor coating 46' is only partly cured during it conveyance around drum 43, the binder precursor coating 46' can be fully cured by any convenient energy source at a later time once it is removed from the production tool 46.
  • Abrasive coating 46" and backing 41 are removed from production tool 46 at an effective separation angle ⁇ so that abrasive article 40 is formed, which is collected by wind-up on storage mandrel 49' .
  • the production tool 46 is collected by rewinding upon mandrel 49 so that the production tool can be re-used again.
  • the coating means arrangement illustrated in FIG. 4 is also suitable for an alternate embodiment where the backing layer and production tool layer are switched such that the backing is directly coated with the abrasive slurry at coating station 44 and then the coated backing is brought into contact with the face of the production tool bearing the shaping cavities at contact nip roll 47.
  • the backing material is selected as one which will transmit radiation or thermal energy emanating from energy source 48 to the abrasive precursor coating 46' .
  • Abrasive articles having composites which are not precisely shaped are also within the scope of the present invention.
  • Abrasive articles commonly known as lapping abrasives or lapping films have been know to be made via rotogravure processes, see e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 4,773,920 (Chasman et al.) and 5,014,468 (Ravipati et al . ) .
  • Composites made by rotogravure rolls typically have a three-dimensional structure but generally do not have precise and exact side walls.
  • Another method to produce three-dimensional composites with imprecise structures is to cure the binder precursor after it has been removed from the production tooling. The composite precursor will typically slump somewhat before it is cured.
  • the abrasive article of the present invention can be used to abrade many different and diverse types of workpieces.
  • workpieces include rolls, thin film disks for magnetic media storage, painted surfaces, stained surfaces, plywood, glass lenses, wood panels, and the like.
  • the abrasive article of the present invention is particularly useful in abrading workpieces which has a tendency to provide substantial amounts of swarf which causes the abrasive article to load.
  • workpiece surfaces include, for example, painted surfaces such as metals and woods, and plywood, particle board and other wood panels.
  • AlSi sodium aluminum silicate filler commercially available from DeGussa Corp. under the trade designation "P820”
  • ASC amorphous silica clay commercially available from R.T. Vanderbilt Co. under the trade designation “Peerless #4”
  • GB hollow glass spheres (bubbles) commercially available from 3M Company under the trade designation "Scotchlite”
  • ITX isopropyl-9H-thioxanthe-9-one, commercially available from Sartomer Corp. under the trade designation "ITX”;
  • SiC silicon carbide abrasive particles SiCG green silicon carbide abrasive particles; TATHEIC triacrylate of tris (hydroxy ethyl) isocyanurate, commercially available from Sartomer under the trade designation "368";
  • TMPTA trimethylol propane triacrylate commercially available from Sartomer under the trade designation "351";
  • an abrasive precursor slurry was prepared by thoroughly mixing with a high shear mixer the raw materials as listed. The slurry was allowed to sit overnight, after which it was again mixed to redisperse any settled particles. The slurry was at a temperature of about 30°C when it was coated at a speed of about 15 meters/minute with a knife coater using a 25-38 micrometer gap onto a production tool having recesses such that the abrasive slurry filled recesses in the tool. Next a latex saturated paper backing was pressed against the filled cavities of the production tool by means of a roller and the abrasive slurry wetted the front surface of the backing.
  • Visible light at a dosage of about 236 Watts/cm (600 Watts/inch) produced by a "D" bulb, available from Fusion Systems, was transmitted through the tooling and into the abrasive slurry.
  • the visible light initiated the polymerization of the binder precursor and resulted in the abrasive slurry, also known as the abrasive precursor coating, to be transformed into an abrasive composite with the abrasive composite being adhered to the cloth substrate.
  • the abrasive composite construction was separated from the production tool to form an abrasive article.
  • the abrasive article was converted into a 10 cm (4 inch) diameter disc and secured to a foam back-up pad by means of a pressure-sensitive adhesive.
  • the abrasive disc/back-up pad assembly was installed on a Schiefer testing machine, commercially available from Frazier Precision Co., Gaithersburg, MD., and the abrasive disc was used to abrade a workpiece made of cellulose acetate butyrate polymer.
  • the load was 4.5 kg. All of the testing was done underneath a water flood at a flow rate of 60 g of water per minute. Cut was recorded in grams.
  • the endpoint of the test was 500 revolutions or cycles of the abrasive disc.
  • the abrasive article was converted into a 3.5 cm diameter disc with scalloped edges.
  • the abrasive article was attached to a hand block and used to remove defects from a steel panel painted with clear coat paint over a black base.
  • the sample was used to wet sand a paint spot for approximately 30 circular strokes to produce a scratch area of about 4-5 cm diameter.
  • This procedure was then repeated on a second paint spot with the same abrasive article. This procedure was repeated until the size of the resulting scratch spot was approximately 50% of the initial spot.
  • the life of the product was assessed by the number of spots that could be sanded in this manner.
  • the surface finish of each spot was then measured.
  • the Ra (Average Roughness) of a surface is defined as the arithmetic mean of all deviations from the center line of the roughness profile within the total measuring length.
  • The, Rz (Average Roughness Depth) is defined as the average of the difference between the highest peak and the lowest valley of each of 5 successive individual equal measuring lengths within total measuring length. Ra and Rz were measured using a profilometer with a 0.005 mm radius stylus, a total measuring stroke length of 4.0 mm, and a cut-off value of 0.80 mm.
  • the profilometer was a Perthometer having the trade designation PERTHEN M4P, from Feinpruf GmbH, Gottingen, Postfach 1853, D-3400, Germany.
  • Example 1 used "Scotchlite S22" glass bubbles;
  • Example 2 used "Scotchlite S60” glass bubbles; and
  • Example 3 used
  • Comparative Example A was devoid of hollow sphere filler.
  • the silicon carbide abrasive particles used were JIS Grade 1500.
  • the topography of the abrasive composites was four- side truncated pyramids, approximately 65 micrometers high. Density of pyramids was approximately 8900 composites/cm 2 .
  • Table 2 below, lists performance properties for the examples. Test Procedure I was performed to determine the cut performance on solid acrylic workpieces, using 4.5 kg (10 pounds) and 500 revolutions. The surface finish of the acrylic workpiece was tested. Results are recorded in Table 2 in microinches ( ⁇ m) .
  • Table 3 lists the ingredients used in preparing the abrasive slurries for these additional tested examples, in actual weight (grams) used.
  • the topography of the abrasive composites was four- side truncated pyramids, approximately 65 micrometers high, except Example 4 was produced with a four sided pyramidal pattern where no two adjacent composites had the same shape. This pattern, and its manner of being made, is described in USSN 08/120,300 (Hoopman et al . ) filed 13 September 1993 and PCT Inter. Public. No. WO 95/07797, which are incorporated herein by reference. Two sizes of pyramids were made, 178 and 355 micrometers high.
  • PVDC polyvinylidene dichloride
  • Table 4 lists the volume percentage of hollow spheres and total filler incorporated into the abrasive composites of the respective examples, and the cut achieved for each abrasive article according to Test Procedure I.
  • the volume of total filler is the sum of the hollow spheres (glass bubbles or PVDC microspheres, as applicable) and ASC.
  • the abrasive particles for Comparative Example C consisted of 359.14 grams of grade 1000 SiCG.
  • the abrasive particles for Comparative Example D consisted of 359.14 grams of grade 1000 SiC
  • the abrasive particles for Comparative Example E consisted of 117.94 grams of grade 1000 SiC and 25.29 grams of grade 1200 SiC
  • the abrasive particles for Comparative Example F consisted of 226.6 grams of grade 1000 SiC and 32.29 grams of grade 1200 SiC
  • the abrasive particles for Comparative Example G consisted of 292.74 grams of grade 1000 SiC and 39.29 grams of grade 1200 SiC
  • the abrasive particles for Example 4 consisted of 198 grams of grade 1000 SiC.
  • t The abrasive particles for Example 5 consisted of 198 grams of grade 1200 SiC.
  • Example 6 The abrasive particles for Example 6 consisted of 206.3 grams of grade 1000 SiCG.
  • Example 5 lists the ingredients used in preparing the abrasive slurries for these additional tested examples, in actual weight (grams) used.
  • the abrasive particles consisted of grade 3000 SiC.
  • the abrasive slurry formulation of Example 13 was the same as Example 10 except that the abrasive particles for Example 13 consisted of grade 4000 SiC.
  • the topography of the abrasive composites was four- side truncated pyramids, approximately 65 micrometers high.
  • Table 6 lists the volume percentage of bubbles and total filler in the abrasive composites, and hand sanding life results as determined according to Test Procedure II.
  • the volume of total filler is the sum of hollow spheres (glass bubbles) and ASC.
  • Example 12 produced no change in Ra and almost no change in Rz, probably because there was not a sufficient amount of abrasive particles present to provide the necessary cut rate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

Cet article abrasif comporte une pluralité de composites (15) et est caractérisé en ce que ces composites comprennent des particules abrasives (17) ainsi que des sphères creuses (18), dispersées dans un liant (19). On fabrique à coût sensiblement réduit l'article abrasif structuré de l'invention, sans pour autant sacrifier les performances de ce produit.
PCT/US1996/012110 1996-07-23 1996-07-23 Article abrasif structure contenant une charge spherique creuse WO1998003306A1 (fr)

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AU65937/96A AU6593796A (en) 1996-07-23 1996-07-23 Structured abrasive article containing hollow spherical filler

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Cited By (19)

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WO2000073023A1 (fr) * 1999-05-28 2000-12-07 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Outils abrasifs permettant l'abrasion de composants electroniques
WO2001043919A1 (fr) * 1999-12-15 2001-06-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Article abrasif, suspensions abrasives et procede de fabrication d'un article abrasif
WO2002022309A1 (fr) * 2000-09-15 2002-03-21 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Tampon de polissage comprenant un polymere sous forme de particules et un liant polymerique reticule
FR2829958A1 (fr) * 2001-09-24 2003-03-28 Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc Abrasifs enrobes ameliores
US6679758B2 (en) 2002-04-11 2004-01-20 Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company Porous abrasive articles with agglomerated abrasives
US6988937B2 (en) 2002-04-11 2006-01-24 Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company Method of roll grinding
US7090565B2 (en) 2002-04-11 2006-08-15 Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company Method of centerless grinding
EP1935957A1 (fr) * 2005-10-11 2008-06-25 Masato Sako Agent de polissage
US7544114B2 (en) 2002-04-11 2009-06-09 Saint-Gobain Technology Company Abrasive articles with novel structures and methods for grinding
US7722691B2 (en) 2005-09-30 2010-05-25 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive tools having a permeable structure
US20120094579A1 (en) * 2007-01-23 2012-04-19 Saint-Gobain Abrasifs Coated Abrasive Products Containing Aggregates
KR20140057532A (ko) * 2011-07-07 2014-05-13 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 다성분 섬유 및 중공 세라믹 미소구체를 포함하는 물품 및 그의 제조 및 사용 방법
JP2015503462A (ja) * 2011-12-30 2015-02-02 サン−ゴバン セラミックス アンド プラスティクス，インコーポレイティド 成形研磨粒子の形成
US9321947B2 (en) 2012-01-10 2016-04-26 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for finishing coated surfaces
JP2018506380A (ja) * 2015-02-27 2018-03-08 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー セラミック微小粒子を有する消費用摺洗物品及びその製造方法
US9931733B2 (en) 2011-09-29 2018-04-03 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for finishing hard surfaces
WO2018157087A1 (fr) * 2017-02-24 2018-08-30 California Institute Of Technology Compositions microabrasives contenant des ooïdes
US10293466B2 (en) 2013-11-12 2019-05-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Structured abrasive articles and methods of using the same
CN110871410A (zh) * 2019-11-11 2020-03-10 淄博理研泰山涂附磨具有限公司 一种具有空隙的结构型涂附磨具

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GB896910A (en) * 1958-02-21 1962-05-23 Carborundum Co Bonded abrasive articles
US3661544A (en) * 1969-11-28 1972-05-09 Bmi Lab Industry A method for making thermosetting resinous abrasive tools
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EP0396150A2 (fr) * 1989-05-05 1990-11-07 Norton Company Elément abrasif revêtu et son procédé de préparation
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WO2000073023A1 (fr) * 1999-05-28 2000-12-07 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Outils abrasifs permettant l'abrasion de composants electroniques
US6394888B1 (en) 1999-05-28 2002-05-28 Saint-Gobain Abrasive Technology Company Abrasive tools for grinding electronic components
JP2011067949A (ja) * 1999-05-28 2011-04-07 Saint-Gobain Abrasives Inc 電子部品を研削するための研摩工具
CN100402237C (zh) * 1999-05-28 2008-07-16 圣戈本磨料股份有限公司 研磨电子元件用的磨具
AU764547B2 (en) * 1999-05-28 2003-08-21 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive tools for grinding electronic components
JP2005161518A (ja) * 1999-05-28 2005-06-23 Saint-Gobain Abrasives Inc 電子部品を研削するための研摩工具
WO2001043919A1 (fr) * 1999-12-15 2001-06-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Article abrasif, suspensions abrasives et procede de fabrication d'un article abrasif
WO2002022309A1 (fr) * 2000-09-15 2002-03-21 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Tampon de polissage comprenant un polymere sous forme de particules et un liant polymerique reticule
CN100346930C (zh) * 2000-09-15 2007-11-07 Ppg工业俄亥俄公司 包含粒状聚合物和交联聚合物粘结剂的抛光垫
GB2396158A (en) * 2001-09-24 2004-06-16 Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc Coated abrasives comprising a plurality of shaped abrasive structures
WO2003026849A1 (fr) * 2001-09-24 2003-04-03 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasifs appliques comprenant une pluralite de structures abrasives faconnees
US6685756B2 (en) 2001-09-24 2004-02-03 Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company Coated abrasives
GB2396158B (en) * 2001-09-24 2005-05-18 Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc Method, apparatus and coated abrasives for centreless grinding
FR2829958A1 (fr) * 2001-09-24 2003-03-28 Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc Abrasifs enrobes ameliores
US6679758B2 (en) 2002-04-11 2004-01-20 Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company Porous abrasive articles with agglomerated abrasives
US7275980B2 (en) 2002-04-11 2007-10-02 Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company Abrasive articles with novel structures and methods for grinding
US7090565B2 (en) 2002-04-11 2006-08-15 Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company Method of centerless grinding
US7422513B2 (en) 2002-04-11 2008-09-09 Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company Porous abrasive articles with agglomerated abrasives
US7544114B2 (en) 2002-04-11 2009-06-09 Saint-Gobain Technology Company Abrasive articles with novel structures and methods for grinding
US7077723B2 (en) 2002-04-11 2006-07-18 Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company Porous abrasive articles with agglomerated abrasives and method for making the agglomerated abrasives
US6988937B2 (en) 2002-04-11 2006-01-24 Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company Method of roll grinding
US8475553B2 (en) 2005-09-30 2013-07-02 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive tools having a permeable structure
US7722691B2 (en) 2005-09-30 2010-05-25 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive tools having a permeable structure
EP1935957A1 (fr) * 2005-10-11 2008-06-25 Masato Sako Agent de polissage
EP1935957A4 (fr) * 2005-10-11 2009-04-29 Masato Sako Agent de polissage
US20120094579A1 (en) * 2007-01-23 2012-04-19 Saint-Gobain Abrasifs Coated Abrasive Products Containing Aggregates
KR20140057532A (ko) * 2011-07-07 2014-05-13 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 다성분 섬유 및 중공 세라믹 미소구체를 포함하는 물품 및 그의 제조 및 사용 방법
US20140141676A1 (en) * 2011-07-07 2014-05-22 3M Innovative Properties Company Article including multi-component fibers and hollow ceramic microspheres and methods of making and using the same
KR102275337B1 (ko) 2011-07-07 2021-07-12 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 다성분 섬유 및 중공 세라믹 미소구체를 포함하는 물품 및 그의 제조 및 사용 방법
US11598031B2 (en) * 2011-07-07 2023-03-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Article including multi-component fibers and hollow ceramic microspheres and methods of making and using the same
US9931733B2 (en) 2011-09-29 2018-04-03 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for finishing hard surfaces
JP2015503462A (ja) * 2011-12-30 2015-02-02 サン−ゴバン セラミックス アンド プラスティクス，インコーポレイティド 成形研磨粒子の形成
US9321947B2 (en) 2012-01-10 2016-04-26 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive products and methods for finishing coated surfaces
US10293466B2 (en) 2013-11-12 2019-05-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Structured abrasive articles and methods of using the same
JP2018506380A (ja) * 2015-02-27 2018-03-08 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー セラミック微小粒子を有する消費用摺洗物品及びその製造方法
WO2018157087A1 (fr) * 2017-02-24 2018-08-30 California Institute Of Technology Compositions microabrasives contenant des ooïdes
US10407601B2 (en) 2017-02-24 2019-09-10 California Institute Of Technology Microabrasive compositions containing oöids
CN110871410A (zh) * 2019-11-11 2020-03-10 淄博理研泰山涂附磨具有限公司 一种具有空隙的结构型涂附磨具

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