WO1997024556A1 - Verbrennungsofen mit sekundärluftführung, insbesondere unterbrand-heizkessel - Google Patents
Verbrennungsofen mit sekundärluftführung, insbesondere unterbrand-heizkessel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997024556A1 WO1997024556A1 PCT/DE1996/000002 DE9600002W WO9724556A1 WO 1997024556 A1 WO1997024556 A1 WO 1997024556A1 DE 9600002 W DE9600002 W DE 9600002W WO 9724556 A1 WO9724556 A1 WO 9724556A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- incinerator according
- chamber
- air supply
- supply openings
- grate
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B5/00—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
- F23B5/04—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion in separate combustion chamber; on separate grate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
Definitions
- Incinerator with secondary air flow especially under-fire boiler
- the invention relates to an incinerator for solid fuels to be combusted, in particular underburning boilers, with a filling shaft and a downstream rear combustion chamber, which has secondary air supply openings on its flue gas-side flue gas inlet located in the lower filling shaft area.
- An improvement in the efficiency of the fuels is also achieved according to DE-PS 35 24 962 in that in a combustion furnace of the type mentioned the flue gases are withdrawn from the bottom of a filling shaft and completely burned in a rear afterburning chamber before the flue gas becomes, for example Flue gas chamber or to the rear flue gas flues of a boiler.
- the post-combustion chamber is designed as a so-called circulation chamber and has a lower tangential into the circulation chamber. wall opening into the chamber, which has secondary air supply openings in the immediate vicinity of the filling shaft, in order to enrich the afterburning flue gas with heated fresh air.
- a standing grate is arranged upstream of the secondary air supply openings, which retains the solid fuel in the entrance area to the afterburning chamber, and the afterburning chamber designed as a circulation chamber has at least one pre or afterglow head on the outlet side.
- the standing grate extends essentially perpendicular to the lower horizontal filling chute grate up to the entrance area to the afterburning chamber, namely over the entire width of the filling chute. It preferably has vertical slots through which additional flue gas components are fed to the entrance of the post-combustion chamber.
- the standing grate in particular comprises spaced apart air guide hooks, which are arranged on the filling chute side of the grate, in particular in the vertical direction.
- the air guide hooks are expediently separate components which can be hung in the standing grate at the desired location.
- the air guide hooks are designed in such a way that, on the one hand, they protect the secondary air supply openings downstream in such a way that they cannot be clogged by fuel that follows, so that the secondary air flows in in a controlled manner with a constant cross section.
- the air guide hooks are arranged upstream of the vertical slots in the standing grate, so that these slots too cannot be clogged by fuel.
- the air guide hooks By means of the air guide hooks according to the invention, optimal flow conditions, in particular a strong swirling of the fuel gases, are created in the entrance area to the afterburning chamber. As a result, the fuel gases can mix very well with the secondary air and the unburned portions in the afterburning chamber can be practically completely afterburned. It has been shown that the construction of the air guide hooks demonstrably improve the combustion values of the furnace.
- the hooks are located at the intersection of the embers, the secondary air inlet and the afterburner.
- the strong circulation ensures that there is no "stringy" flow towards the afterburning chamber. In the case of short-flame and very difficult to burn solid fuels, combustion is initiated very early by the air guide hooks.
- the air guide hooks thus help to optimize the mixture preparation. Even difficult fuels, such as residual wood in the form of finely cut chips, can be optimally burned through the air guide hooks without these entering the afterburner chamber.
- the air guide hooks can be dimensioned and positioned on the standing grate. Another advantage is that the air guide hooks, which are wearing parts, can be easily replaced. They are primarily made of refractory concrete or a comparable material.
- the combustion chamber technology is further improved by the invention by the provision of a third air supply (tertiary air).
- Third air is added to the combustion gases via holes in a post-combustion chamber wall, which is preferably a perforated plate. Any unburned fuel gases that may still be present at this point are therefore supplied with preheated air one more time, so that ignition is possible.
- the invention also improves the combustion chamber technology by means of a special design of an afterburning chamber in the form of a circulation chamber which provides a tangential inclined section on the top side.
- the inclined section has pre and post glow heads at the lower and / or at the upper end, and the circulation chamber is preferably constructed from two parts for reasons of simple construction and simplified maintenance: a front chamber half in the Area of the filling shaft and a rear half of the chamber.
- Both halves of the chamber are detachably attached to the furnace or boiler body, in particular via hooks.
- the chamber halves are preferably made of fireclay, fireproof concrete or the like and have a high level of stability. speed.
- the specific form of the aforementioned circulation chamber is the result of empirical tests.
- the advantage of the aforementioned design is that both the mixing and the residence time of the gases and extensive oxidation of the combustion gases present are ensured.
- the downstream pre- and post-glow heads at the outlet of the circulation chamber enable the residual oxidation of the oxygen atoms still present due to the additional temperature increase.
- the stages within the circulation chamber with the pre- and post-glow head also ensure, via the oxidation of the carbon, that the intermediate reactions of combustion such as the heterogeneous water gas reaction with its subsequent reaction of the hydrogenating gasification and the back reaction (“Boudouard- Effect ”) can be largely compensated for.
- An optimization of the combustion conditions in the afterburning chamber is additionally achieved in that the afterburning chamber, which is designed as a swirl chamber, additionally has upper whirlstones on the right and left on the vertical wall side, in order to constrict and thus swirl the flow again to reach.
- the invention enables a boiler to be operated with fuels of classes 6 and 7 with very high C0 2 and very low CO values far below the Federal Immission Control Ordinance.
- the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawing; show it:
- FIG. 1 is a broken perspective view of a boiler with the invention
- FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the perforated plate according to FIG. 4 along the line A-A
- Fig. 8 is a vertical section through a boiler in the region of a circulation chamber in a special embodiment.
- the combustion furnace 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 is a boiler with rear flue gas flues 22 and has a vertically extending filling shaft 2 at the front, which can be filled with solid fuels, in particular with residual wood, chips or the like, from above.
- the post-combustion chamber 3 is designed in the form of a circulation chamber 22, for example according to FIG. 8, and has secondary air supply openings 4 in the region of its entrance.
- a further grate in the form of a standing grate 5 is provided, which extends in the vertical direction over the entire width of the boiler, from the manhole grate 6 to the level of the entrance to the afterburning chamber 3, where the secondary is also Air supply openings 4 are in close proximity.
- the standing grate 5 is constructed from identically designed individual plates which are connected to one another at the same distance to form a slot.
- Air guide hooks 2 spaced apart from one another in the vertical direction are suspended in the standing grate 5, as is shown in particular in FIG. 2.
- the air guide hooks 8 each have an upper hook section 9 with an upper head-like projection 12 and a lateral support section 10, both sections 9, 10 being able to engage in a form-fitting manner with corresponding sections of the standing grate 5, as can be seen in particular from FIGS. 2 and 3 can be seen.
- Each air guide hook 8 can therefore be hooked into the standing grate from above on the filling shaft side and laterally supported at the bottom in an associated vertical slot 7 of the standing grate 5, the lateral support section 10 having a front nose 23 which projects into the associated vertical section.
- the air guide hook 8 has a lateral bulge 11, which provides an additional swirling of the flue gases during the operation of an incinerator 1.
- the air guide hooks 8 are hung in front of each vertical slot 7 of the standing grate 5 or, in the case of less fine residual wood, every second vertical slot 7 or third, etc., depending on how great the risk is that the vertical slots 7 can become blocked by the residual wood.
- each air guide hook 8 also ensures due to its height and width that the secondary air supply openings 4 located behind it are kept free of residual wood which is arranged in the filling shaft 2.
- the air guide hooks 8 work like glow heads and bring the fuel gas to ignition immediately after the ember stick.
- the fuel gas can pass through vertical slots 7, bulges 11 and between the upper projections 12 into the entrance of the afterburning chamber 3 without difficulty, from different directions, so that there is a strong swirling at the entrance to the afterburning chamber 3.
- the strong turbulence is further supported by the secondary air, which is supplied essentially perpendicularly to it, through the supply openings 4, which cannot be blocked by fuel from the filling shaft.
- the tangential wall section 14 of the afterburning chamber 3, which is designed as a circulation chamber, is constructed, for example, in the manner of FIGS. 4 and 5 as a perforated plate and has a row of tertiary air supply openings 13 which runs parallel to the row of upstream secondary air supply openings 4.
- the perforated plate is also made of fireproof concrete, fireclay or the like. trained as well the entire circulation chamber par excellence.
- the establishment of the third-party air supply (tertiary air) provides an additional admixture of air in the combustion chamber at a point at which unburned fuel gases could possibly still exist. These unburned fuel gases are still supplied with preheated air there and are mixed well and burned well.
- the circulation chamber 22 consists of a front chamber half 23 made of fireclay or the like and an associated rear chamber half 24 made of the same material. Both chamber halves 23 and 24 can be hooked into the boiler body via boiler-attached hooks 27 in such a way that a central "swirl chamber” is created, into which the gases on the underside can flow tangentially to the rear chamber half.
- a tangential inclined section 28 of a circulation chamber 22 is formed on the upper side, which runs essentially parallel to the lower tangential wall section 14 and allows an S-shaped flow in the edge region of the circulation chamber.
- the upper inclined section 28 is delimited at the end by a glow head: on the underside by a pre-glow head 26 in an integrated design with the rear chamber half 26 and on the top by a post glow head 25 in an integrated design with the front chamber half 23.
- the pre-and post-glow heads are thus offset with respect to one another, based on the direction of flow in the inclined section 28.
- the air guide hooks 8 are suspended directly in the area of the secondary supply openings 4.
- the swirling in a post-combustion chamber 3 designed as a circulation chamber is optimized by two vortex stones 15 and 16, which are provided at the upper outlet of the post-combustion chamber 3 according to FIG. 1.
- the two vortex stones 15, 16 are attached to the left and right of the wall in accordance with FIG. 1 in order to constrict the flue gas outlet and thus to re-swirl the flow.
- the two whirling stones 15 and 16 of FIG. 1 are shown in greater detail in FIGS. 6 and 7 and are essentially the same, but are mirror images of one another. Both pegs 15, 16 have two lower, inclined support surfaces 17, the central section 24 being bent in accordance with the shape of the peg chamber in order to form a closed peg at this upper point.
- Both vortex stones 15, 16 furthermore have a vertical outer surface 18 which, when the vortex stones are inserted in the combustion chamber, bear tightly against the associated inner wall of the incinerator.
- Both vortex stones 15, 16 finally have an inclined inner wall 19 which, in the inserted state of the vortex stones in the afterburning chamber 3 after the constriction, provide an expansion of the outlet of the afterburning chamber 3.
- the right whirling stone 16 which is shown in greater detail in FIG. 7, has an upper central recess 21 which is tapered downward and parallel to the longitudinal extent of the standing grate 5 or the axis of the swirl chamber extends, in a slightly inclined position downwards in the direction of the outlet of the afterburning chamber 3.
- the central recess 21 is advantageous for an external inspection hole.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE59603810T DE59603810D1 (de) | 1996-01-01 | 1996-01-01 | Verbrennungsofen mit sekundärluftführung, insbesondere unterbrand-heizkessel |
PCT/DE1996/000002 WO1997024556A1 (de) | 1996-01-01 | 1996-01-01 | Verbrennungsofen mit sekundärluftführung, insbesondere unterbrand-heizkessel |
AU43270/96A AU4327096A (en) | 1996-01-01 | 1996-01-01 | Combustion furnace with a secondary-air feed, in particular an under-burning boiler |
EP96900081A EP0871839B1 (de) | 1996-01-01 | 1996-01-01 | Verbrennungsofen mit sekundärluftführung, insbesondere unterbrand-heizkessel |
DE19681185T DE19681185D2 (de) | 1996-01-01 | 1996-01-01 | Verbrennungsofen mit Sekundärluftführung, insbesondere Unterbrand-Heizkessel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1996/000002 WO1997024556A1 (de) | 1996-01-01 | 1996-01-01 | Verbrennungsofen mit sekundärluftführung, insbesondere unterbrand-heizkessel |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997024556A1 true WO1997024556A1 (de) | 1997-07-10 |
Family
ID=6918320
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1996/000002 WO1997024556A1 (de) | 1996-01-01 | 1996-01-01 | Verbrennungsofen mit sekundärluftführung, insbesondere unterbrand-heizkessel |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0871839B1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU4327096A (de) |
DE (2) | DE59603810D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997024556A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2975322A1 (de) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-01-20 | swissphlox gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von festen Brennstoffen |
PL424905A1 (pl) * | 2018-03-15 | 2019-09-23 | Defro Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością Spółka Komandytowa | Dysza redukująca emisję spalin kotła na paliwo stałe dolnego spalania oraz kocioł centralnego ogrzewania na paliwo stałe dolnego spalania z taką dyszą |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2333201A1 (fr) * | 1975-11-28 | 1977-06-24 | Hahn Stefan | Installation de combustion a cuve de remplissage |
EP0105081A2 (de) * | 1982-05-14 | 1984-04-11 | Michael Maurer | Heizvorrichtung |
DE3524962A1 (de) * | 1985-07-12 | 1987-01-22 | Karl Ackermann | Verbrennungsofen |
DE4012363A1 (de) * | 1989-04-28 | 1990-10-31 | Heitzmann Ag Schachen | Vorrichtung zum verbrennen fester brennstoffe, insbesondere holz |
DE9418396U1 (de) * | 1994-11-17 | 1995-02-02 | Ackermann, Karl, 84323 Massing | Verbrennungsofen mit Sekundärluftführung, insbesondere Unterbrand-Heizkessel |
-
1996
- 1996-01-01 DE DE59603810T patent/DE59603810D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-01-01 WO PCT/DE1996/000002 patent/WO1997024556A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1996-01-01 EP EP96900081A patent/EP0871839B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-01 DE DE19681185T patent/DE19681185D2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-01-01 AU AU43270/96A patent/AU4327096A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2333201A1 (fr) * | 1975-11-28 | 1977-06-24 | Hahn Stefan | Installation de combustion a cuve de remplissage |
EP0105081A2 (de) * | 1982-05-14 | 1984-04-11 | Michael Maurer | Heizvorrichtung |
DE3524962A1 (de) * | 1985-07-12 | 1987-01-22 | Karl Ackermann | Verbrennungsofen |
DE4012363A1 (de) * | 1989-04-28 | 1990-10-31 | Heitzmann Ag Schachen | Vorrichtung zum verbrennen fester brennstoffe, insbesondere holz |
DE9418396U1 (de) * | 1994-11-17 | 1995-02-02 | Ackermann, Karl, 84323 Massing | Verbrennungsofen mit Sekundärluftführung, insbesondere Unterbrand-Heizkessel |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2975322A1 (de) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-01-20 | swissphlox gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von festen Brennstoffen |
PL424905A1 (pl) * | 2018-03-15 | 2019-09-23 | Defro Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością Spółka Komandytowa | Dysza redukująca emisję spalin kotła na paliwo stałe dolnego spalania oraz kocioł centralnego ogrzewania na paliwo stałe dolnego spalania z taką dyszą |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59603810D1 (de) | 2000-01-05 |
EP0871839B1 (de) | 1999-12-01 |
AU4327096A (en) | 1997-07-28 |
EP0871839A1 (de) | 1998-10-21 |
DE19681185D2 (de) | 1999-01-28 |
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