WO1997006222A1 - Mats with integrated rubber mulch - Google Patents

Mats with integrated rubber mulch Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997006222A1
WO1997006222A1 PCT/EP1996/003291 EP9603291W WO9706222A1 WO 1997006222 A1 WO1997006222 A1 WO 1997006222A1 EP 9603291 W EP9603291 W EP 9603291W WO 9706222 A1 WO9706222 A1 WO 9706222A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filter
rubber
filter according
mulch
rubber mulch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1996/003291
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thomas Eichenauer
Original Assignee
Thomas Eichenauer
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomas Eichenauer filed Critical Thomas Eichenauer
Priority to AU67873/96A priority Critical patent/AU6787396A/en
Publication of WO1997006222A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997006222A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/30—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being formed of particles, e.g. chips, granules, powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
    • B01D39/083—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material of organic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
    • B01D39/086—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material of inorganic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/10—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/16—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, powder or granules
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/32—Materials not provided for elsewhere for absorbing liquids to remove pollution, e.g. oil, gasoline, fat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0457—Specific fire retardant or heat resistant properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0659—The layers being joined by needling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0668—The layers being joined by heat or melt-bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0681—The layers being joined by gluing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods for producing oil filter mats for filtering gases and liquids
  • a newer type of oil binder is a rubber mulch (described, for example, in German patent specification 40 07 695, adsorbent and binder for oils, filed on 10 3 1990).
  • This ground rubber mulch is usually made from industrial rubber (eg old tires) without chemical additives Suction is spongy, since this rubber mulch has a much larger surface area than normal rubber granules. For example, you only need approx. 200 - 280 g rubber mulch to bind 1 liter of oil.
  • all types of rubber mulch can be used for the invention “Rubber flakes” (mulch-like chip, crumble, flour and / or flake-shaped rubber particles, possibly also foamed) understood, which have a larger surface than smooth rubber grains and are suitable as oil binders. They contain a high proportion of pores, so that they are even floatable can, is inexpensive, environmentally compatible and easy to dispose of
  • the aim of the invention is to develop a large-area packaging or carrier layer for such rubber mulches, which produces a uniform filter or adsorption layer and a high absorption capacity of the filter
  • the invention therefore relates to a multilayer flat filter for filtering and / or absorbing gases and liquids, consisting of at least 2 large-area boundary layers, at least one of which is gas and / or is liquid-permeable and an intermediate filter layer, characterized in that the filter layer consists of ⁇ eselfahiges rubber mulch or a mixture of rubber mulch with other filter materials and the outer surfaces of the boundary media between the surrounding and cut edges are at least partially fixed directly or via intermediate layers
  • These limiting media are preferably made of nonwovens, but can be made of any suitable type of fabric, membrane, film, knitted fabric, paper.
  • Cardboard, foam plastics or other textiles or their combination are made and are permeable to air or water on at least one side of the rubber mulch layer, so that gases and / or liquids can come into contact with the rubber mulch and / or through the rubber mulch layer
  • the limiting media can consist of any suitable raw materials, opening widths and any flat masses or combinations thereof.
  • Such a product is also characterized by its flatness with a thickness of preferably approx. 2 mm to approx. 5 cm, but without being restricted to it that the boundary layers are fixed to each other without the use of adhesives or thermal fixation between the boundary media introduced sem
  • the intermediate layer made of rubber mulch can also be incorporated in a mixture with other materials and thus also vary the main application, whereby the relatively light rubber mulch can also be present in a significantly minor amount (e.g. 0.3 kg / m 2 rubber mulch + 3 kg / m 2 Sand, or 0.2 kg / m 2 rubber mulch + 1.5 kg / m 2 activated carbon + 0.1 kg / m 2 reinforcing thread, or 2 kg / m 2 rubber mulch + 0.3 kg / m 2 coarse fleece, or 2, 5 kg / m 2 rubber mulch + 0.3 kg / m 2 wire mesh + 0.3 kg / m 2 adsorbing resin particles) Furthermore, the addition of zeolite, foam particles, cork, thread made of natural and artificial fibers, bentonite, spacers, ash, Wood chips, aerated concrete particles, hydraulic binders.
  • zeolite, foam particles, cork, thread made of natural and artificial fibers bentonite, spacers, ash, Wood chips
  • 01 can be separated from solid, liquid and gaseous media and absorbed or absorbed (e.g. by concrete, water or exhaust air).
  • Various other liquids such as petrol, alcohol, chlorinated hydrocarbon, acetone, aromatic can also be used Solvents, heavy metal solutions, etc. can be sucked up.
  • it can be designed as a floating or diving body (for example as a floating body on a grease-contaminated water surface in a grease separator with a dry activated carbon mat above it as an odor absorbent or directly with a mixture with water-repellent activated carbon), because of its thermal insulation or soundproofing and / or sealing properties are used, etc.
  • the filter can also be folded in the shape of an accordion, in order to multiply the passage area
  • constituents can be filtered out of the air or water if the rubber mulch filter is rolled up like a hose - with an impermeable layer on the outside - and the medium to be filtered is allowed to flow inside the hose. If the filter medium flows along the inner walls, it continuously comes with the Rubber mulch surface in contact and is thus filtered (like on an intestinal wall)
  • a similar variant is created by folding the rubber mulch filter like a round air filter in a car and inserting it into a hose, whereby the medium to be filtered can flow along or - as a two-chamber system - must pass through it
  • the filter can be used very well in the groundwater area.
  • the rubber mulch binds oil and fat-containing components, the activated carbon binds further harmful groundwater pollution.
  • the proportion of the rubber mulch should should not be too high, as this would otherwise impede the water flow of the filter
  • a suitable filter When used under endangered containers, a suitable filter can filter, absorb and / or retain an escaping liquid until the fire brigade arrives, whereby the groundwater flow - in contrast to conventional seals - is not completely interrupted and there is also a possible risk of buoyancy (as is often the case with groundwater seals) ) is prevented
  • the groundwater can also be protected from escaping and harmful liquids. Additionally, the filter can increase the stability of the railway body by choosing the appropriate tensile strength and elasticity of the materials increase significantly and also act as sound damping due to the spring action of the rubber mulch
  • the oil suction mat can also be placed under, for example, track-laying machines or locomotives between and next to the tracks in order to catch dripping 01
  • a filter of this type can also be flowed through in multiple layers dimensioned rectangular shaft, by folding the layers in the manner of an accordion-like layer.
  • a 10 cm thick layer from a 1 cm thick rubber mulch filter into a 0.5 x 0.5 m shaft, it is 5 m long and 0.5 m wide, flow-through filter necessary, which no longer has to be cut in layers during installation.
  • the rubber mulch is usually used in combination with other ⁇ eselfahliche materials, such as activated carbon
  • the flat rubber mulch filter can also be wrapped around the perforated tube one or more times and flowed through perpendicular to its plane
  • the oil-saturated rubber mulch can be burned relatively easily after use if suitable packaging or fixing materials (eg polypropylene on both outer sides) are used.
  • suitable packaging or fixing materials eg polypropylene on both outer sides
  • the fixed oil and / or gasoline can be recovered by pyrolysis
  • An example (see FIG. 1) of such filters can be that a dry rubber mulch layer made of ⁇ eselfahirable rubber mulch (2) in a in about 200 g / m 2 nonwoven (thermally or by needling, bonding, etc.) as a base (1) Amount of approx. 2 kg / m 2 is applied.
  • a second non-woven layer (3) with again approx. 200 g / m 2 made of needled material as a cover (possibly approx.
  • the package is then needled in a needle machine, that is to say ten thousand times (preferably 5-120 punctures / cm 2 ) per needle by means of barbed needles, thread of the needle needle (3) is guided through the activated carbon layer (2) to the underside (1), where swallow the thread with the underlay fleece (1) and thereby hold the individual layers (1, 2, 3) together.
  • the product can be needled a second time from the underside (1) and / or the bottom on the other hand, be treated thermally or with adhesive.
  • the principle of such a process is described, for example, in EP 0 278 419 A2, filed on 5 2 1988, but pure bentonite is used as an intermediate layer
  • the production width can, for example, be approx. 5 m (but without being limited to it), whereby smaller widths can be created before the winding by longitudinal cuts. After winding, the webs can still be cut so that handy surfaces are formed to allow the mulch to flop out at the edges To prevent this, rubber - mulch - free strips can be provided in the production process, along which slitting is performed. Furthermore, the edges can be glued, glued, welded, looped over, sewn, etc
  • a further variant (see FIG. 2) of the product arises from the fact that a coarse vhes with rubber mulch (5) is applied to a Vhess layer (or fabric, knitted fabric) (4) and is needled into the lower layer so that the rubber mulch does not fall out of the coarse fleece , a water-impermeable membrane (or non-woven fabric,) (6), possibly with the help of other materials, is welded or glued to the thread protruding from the activated carbon / coarse layer.
  • a product can be, for example, with the membrane (6) down under oil-dripping machines
  • the rubber mulch (5) soaks up the 01 and the Membrane (6) guarantees that kem 01 gets through to the base.
  • the oil suction mat can be folded up and disposed of by additionally fixing quartz sand, for example, to the fleece surface (4), making such a product even easier to walk on and drive over (abrasion, non-slip and UV resistant)
  • an oil- or water-impermeable product can be produced by, for example, a rubber-mulch mixture (8) being sprinkled between the knobs in the factory by a knob-shaped embossed membrane (7) and the knob ends protruding from this mixture being fixed with a covering fleece ( 9), for example by gluing or welding, are connected in points.
  • the base (7) is at the same time the spacer to the cover layer (9), which can also consist of a woven fabric, knitted fabric, etc.
  • the water-impermeable membrane (7) creates a Product in which the rubber mulch (8) can only come into contact with the filter medium on one side (9) D h, this filter is suitable for the tube variant described above.
  • the membrane (7) can, however, also be perforated, so that the entire product can be flowed through This is also achieved in that a nonwoven cover layer (9) is connected to the knob membrane (7) by needles
  • FIG. 4 Another variant (see FIG. 4) of such a product arises from the fact that one on a fleece (10). e.g. by melting or gluing, the fixed mesh (1 1) is filled with rubber mulch (12) To cover it, a fleece (13) is fixed on the top of the mesh.
  • the mesh (1 1) mainly serves as a spacer, so that the Rubber mulch (12) inserted into the cavities is not pressed together, thereby permitting the entire product to be highly permeable to air or water.
  • Such a mat can be used, for example, to clean exhaust air containing oil.
  • the mesh (11) other materials, such as plastic, can be produced in the same way -Wire mesh, can be used
  • a fleece (14) glued or melted onto a scrim (15) is used as a base.
  • the fleece side (14) comes to lie at the bottom and in the scrim (15) is filled - possibly by shaking - rubber mulch flakes (16) (e.g. 0.2 - 5.0 mm diameter) so that the top of the scrim (15) still protrudes from the rubber mulch layer (16) to cover a second fleece (17) glued or melted onto the protruding threads of the random lay-up (15).
  • the random lay-up (15) usually consists of approx.
  • this variant is also that the rubber mulch (16) can be introduced relatively loosely, which reduces the flow resistance of the filter.
  • larger thicknesses can be achieved with this variant than with the previously described needling and also grid variant instead of the boundary fleeces (17 , 14) other materials such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, foils, etc. can also be used
  • the P ⁇ nzip remains the same if, instead of the random scrim (15), other types of spacers such as 3-dimensional nets, knobs, plastic balls, discs or the like made of, for example, foam, PP, PEHD, etc. from other materials such as expanded concrete, Wood etc. are used. Needlable particles such as foam spheres can also be used in the previously described Nadelva ⁇ ante as spacers mixed into the rubber mulch layer (16) and also change the flow resistance there
  • the rubber mulch tends to trickle out more or less from the side. With the needling needles, this risk is not particularly great, since the needling thread passing through the rubber mulch layer also fixes the rubber mulch flakes to the side. However, with other variants with e.g. pimples or tangles, this tendency is greater
  • a narrow strip of material can be inserted in the production direction instead of the rubber mulch layer in the side or intermediate cuts in the production direction, which limits the rubber mulch layer to the outside. If it has been inserted in between, it can also be cut slowly and thus again seals the resulting ones Cut edges
  • Such a material can be a fleece strip (preferably 5 - 25 cm wide and 2 - 30 mm thick).
  • the fleece strip additionally has one or more layers of foal, the rubber mulch filter along the cut edges becomes difficult to flow through and the medium to be filtered must pass through the Flow through the rubber mulch and cannot escape laterally into the (rubber mulch-free) edge area.
  • Side and intermediate strips can also be easily made without rubber mulch during production, whereby the end product] becomes thinner on the side than in the middle section
  • transverse / longitudinal sections or ends of the product in order to secure the cut surfaces.
  • Corresponding mat variants can be welded, sewn, taped, glued, glued, sealed with shrink films, etc.
  • the rubber mulch itself can also be fixed in this area with a fixing agent (eg latex-bitumen mixture) be veiled or cut by means of separation welding, whereby - when using thermoplastic materials - the edges can be welded immediately
  • a production variant arises when using limiting media (18) with embossed bowls or elongated bowls. These bowls are normally produced in the so-called deep-drawing of nonwovens, foils, etc.
  • a fleece or fabric, knitted fabric
  • the rubber mulch (19) remains fixed If a deep-drawn membrane (18) is used, the product can again only be flowed on from one side (20).
  • CH 681 626 A5 filed on 26 2 91, also describes a rubber mulch suitable for this patent and the use thereof.
  • the exemplary embodiments described in CH 681 626 A5 are either filled hoses, sacks, cages, etc., or holding means which have at least one have linear and / or flat-like holding element to which the particles are attached, preferably glued and / or vulcanized (eg a grid, the rubber element being fastened around the individual grid rod).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Abstract

This invention relates to processes for producing mats consisting mainly of a flat substrate and a rubber mulch bonded therein. The invention also relates to mats made by said process and its use. The purpose of the invention is to develop a large-area packaging or substrate for rubber mulches. Such a product is distinguished by its surface adherence and a thickness of preferably about 2 mm to about 5 cm. In addition, with such products the outer surfaces are secured together between the peripheral edges at least spotwise directly or via the intermediate layers.

Description

MATTEN MIT INTEGRIERTEM GUMMIMULCH MATS WITH INTEGRATED RUBBER MULCH
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betπfft Verfahren zum Herstellen von Olfiltermatten zur Filterung von Gasen und FlüssigkeitenThe invention relates to methods for producing oil filter mats for filtering gases and liquids
Zur Reinigung von mit 01 kontaminierten Wasserflächen bzw zum Aufsaugen von Ollachen auf Beton usw gibt es eine Vielzahl von Olbindemitteln Viele davon sind chemischer Natur, sodaß sich nach Einsatz die Frage nach umweltgerechter Entsorgung ergibt, außerdem sinken derartige Bindemittel oftmals vor ihrem Wirksamwerden ab Weiters sind Olsaugvhese am Markt, die wiederum in der Herstellung relativ teuer sindThere are a large number of oil binders for cleaning water contaminated with 01 or for sucking up oil puddles on concrete, etc. Many of them are chemical in nature, so that after use there is the question of environmentally friendly disposal, and in addition such binders often sink before they become effective on the market, which in turn are relatively expensive to manufacture
Eine neuere Art von Olbindemittel ist ein Gummimulch (beschrieben z B in der deutschen Patentschrift 40 07 695, Adsorbtions- und Bindemittel für Ole, angemeldet am 10 3 1990) Dieser geschliffene Gummimulch wird üblicherweise aus Industriegummi (z B Altreifen) ohne chemische Zusätze hergestellt Die Saugwirkung ist schwammartig, da dieser Gummimulch sehr viel mehr Oberflache als ein noπnales Gummigranulat aufweist Z B braucht man nur ca 200 - 280 g Gummimulch, um 1 Liter Ol zu binden Für die Erfindung sind jedoch alle Arten von Gummimulch verwendbar Als Gummimulch wird dabei jedwede Art von „Gummiflocken" (mulchartig aufbereitete span-, krumel-, mehl- und/oder flockenformige Gummipartikel, eventuell auch aufgeschäumt) verstanden, welche eine größere Oberfläche als glatte Gummikorner aufweisen und sich als Olbindemittel eignen Er enthalt einen hohen Porenanteil, sodaß er sogar schwimmfahig sein kann, ist preiswert, umweltvertraghch und leicht zu entsorgenA newer type of oil binder is a rubber mulch (described, for example, in German patent specification 40 07 695, adsorbent and binder for oils, filed on 10 3 1990). This ground rubber mulch is usually made from industrial rubber (eg old tires) without chemical additives Suction is spongy, since this rubber mulch has a much larger surface area than normal rubber granules. For example, you only need approx. 200 - 280 g rubber mulch to bind 1 liter of oil. However, all types of rubber mulch can be used for the invention “Rubber flakes” (mulch-like chip, crumble, flour and / or flake-shaped rubber particles, possibly also foamed) understood, which have a larger surface than smooth rubber grains and are suitable as oil binders. They contain a high proportion of pores, so that they are even floatable can, is inexpensive, environmentally compatible and easy to dispose of
Die Erfindung hat zum Ziel, eine großflächige Verpackung bzw Tragerschicht für derartige Gummimulche zu entwickeln, welche eine gleichmäßige Filter- bzw Adsorbtionsschichte und eine hohe Aufnahmefähigkeit des Filters erzeugtThe aim of the invention is to develop a large-area packaging or carrier layer for such rubber mulches, which produces a uniform filter or adsorption layer and a high absorption capacity of the filter
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist daher ein mehrschichtiger flächiger Filter zum Filtern und/oder Absorbieren von Gasen und Flüssigkeiten, bestehend aus mindestens 2 großflächigen Begrenzungsschichten, von denen mindestens eine gas- und/oder flussigkeitsdurchlassig ist und einer dazwischenliegenden Filterschicht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Filterschicht aus πeselfahigem Gummimulch oder einer Mischung von Gummimulch mit anderen Filterstoffen besteht und die Außenflächen der Begrenzungsmedien zwischen den Umgebungs- und Schnittrandern zumindest punktweise direkt oder über Zwischenschichten miteinander fixiert sindThe invention therefore relates to a multilayer flat filter for filtering and / or absorbing gases and liquids, consisting of at least 2 large-area boundary layers, at least one of which is gas and / or is liquid-permeable and an intermediate filter layer, characterized in that the filter layer consists of πeselfahiges rubber mulch or a mixture of rubber mulch with other filter materials and the outer surfaces of the boundary media between the surrounding and cut edges are at least partially fixed directly or via intermediate layers
Diese Begrenzungsmedien bestehen vorzugsweise aus Vliesen, können jedoch aus jeder geeigneten Art von Geweben, Membranen, Folien, Gewirken, Papieren. Karton, Schaumkunststoffen oder sonstigen Textilien bzw deren Kombination bestehen und sind auf mindestens einer Seite der Gummimulchschichte luft- bzw wasserdurchlässig, sodaß Gase und/oder Flüssigkeiten an den Gummimulch heran und/oder durch die Gummimulchschichte hindurch treten könnenThese limiting media are preferably made of nonwovens, but can be made of any suitable type of fabric, membrane, film, knitted fabric, paper. Cardboard, foam plastics or other textiles or their combination are made and are permeable to air or water on at least one side of the rubber mulch layer, so that gases and / or liquids can come into contact with the rubber mulch and / or through the rubber mulch layer
Die Begrenzungsmedien können dabei aus jeglichen geeigneten Rohstoffen, Offnungsweiten und beliebigen Flachenmassen oder Kombinationen hieraus bestehen Gekennzeichnet ist ein derartiges Produkt außerdem durch seine Flachenhaftigkeit mit einer Dicke von vorzugsweise ca 2 mm bis ca 5 cm, ohne jedoch darauf beschrankt zu sein Der πeselfahige Gummimulch kann dadurch, daß die Begrenzungsschichten aneinander fixiert sind ohne Einsatz von Klebemitteln oder thermischer Fixierung zwischen den Begrenzungsmedien eingebracht semThe limiting media can consist of any suitable raw materials, opening widths and any flat masses or combinations thereof. Such a product is also characterized by its flatness with a thickness of preferably approx. 2 mm to approx. 5 cm, but without being restricted to it that the boundary layers are fixed to each other without the use of adhesives or thermal fixation between the boundary media introduced sem
Die Zwischenschicht aus Gummimulch kann auch in Mischung mit anderen Materialien eingebaut sein und damit auch den Hauptanwendungszweck variieren, wobei der relativ leichte Gummimulch auch in deutlich untergeordneter Menge vorhanden sein kann (z B 0,3 kg/m2 Gummimulch + 3 kg/m2 Sand, oder 0,2 kg/m2 Gummimulch + 1,5 kg/m2 Aktivkohle + 0,1 kg/m2 Verstarkungsfaden, oder 2 kg/m2 Gummimulch + 0,3 kg/m2 Grobvlies, oder 2,5 kg/m2 Gummimulch + 0,3 kg/m2 Drahtgittergelege + 0,3 kg/m2 adsorbierende Harzteilchen) Weiters kann die Beimengung aus Zeolith, Schaumstoffteilchen, Kork, Faden aus naturlichen und künstlichen Fasern, Bentonit, Abstandhalter, Asche, Holzspane, Porenbetonteilchen, hydraulische Bindemittel. Chemikalien, Kleber. Ab-/ Adsorbtions- bzw Bindemittel, Wasser usw sowie deren Kombinationen bestehen Diese Materialien können dabei auch fest an die Gummimulchteilchen gebunden sein (auch schon vor dem Einbringen, z B Gummimulch-Kork-Teilchen, die mittels Kleber, thermischen Verfahren usw verbunden wurden) Je nach Anteil des Gummimulchs kann die flussigkeits- /gassaugende bzw -filternde oder die abdichtende Wirkung der Matte überwiegen (von 0 - 100 %)The intermediate layer made of rubber mulch can also be incorporated in a mixture with other materials and thus also vary the main application, whereby the relatively light rubber mulch can also be present in a significantly minor amount (e.g. 0.3 kg / m 2 rubber mulch + 3 kg / m 2 Sand, or 0.2 kg / m 2 rubber mulch + 1.5 kg / m 2 activated carbon + 0.1 kg / m 2 reinforcing thread, or 2 kg / m 2 rubber mulch + 0.3 kg / m 2 coarse fleece, or 2, 5 kg / m 2 rubber mulch + 0.3 kg / m 2 wire mesh + 0.3 kg / m 2 adsorbing resin particles) Furthermore, the addition of zeolite, foam particles, cork, thread made of natural and artificial fibers, bentonite, spacers, ash, Wood chips, aerated concrete particles, hydraulic binders. Chemicals, glue. Absorbent / adsorbent or binder, water, etc. and combinations thereof exist. These materials can also be firmly attached to the Rubber mulch particles must be bound (even before they are introduced, e.g. rubber mulch-cork particles that have been connected using glue, thermal processes, etc.) Depending on the proportion of the rubber mulch, the liquid / gas absorbing or filtering or the sealing effect of the mat may predominate ( from 0 - 100%)
Der Einsatz einer derartigen Olsaugmatte ist vielfältig Z B kann 01 von festen, flüssigen und gasformigen Medien getrennt und ad- bzw absorbiert werden (etwa von Beton, Wasser oder Abluft) Auch können diverse andere Flüssigkeiten wie z B Benzin, Alkohol, Chlorkohlenwasserstoff, Aceton, aromatische Losungsmittel, Schwermetallosungen usw aufgesaugt werden Weiters kann sie als Schwimm- oder auch Tauchkorper ausgelegt sein (etwa als Schwimmkörper auf einer fettverunreinigten Wasseroberfläche in einem Fettabscheider mit einer trocken darüberliegenden Aktivkohlematte als Geruchsabsorbant bzw direkt mit einer Mischung mit wasserabstoßend ausgestatteter Aktivkohle), wegen ihrer Warmedamm- oder Schalldamm- und/oder Abdichtungseigenschaften eingesetzt sein, usw Dabei kann zur Reduzierung des Stromungsverlustes der Filter auch zieharmonikaformig gefaltet werden, um eine Vervielfachung der Durchtrittsflache zu erreichenThe use of such an oil suction mat is diverse. For example, 01 can be separated from solid, liquid and gaseous media and absorbed or absorbed (e.g. by concrete, water or exhaust air). Various other liquids such as petrol, alcohol, chlorinated hydrocarbon, acetone, aromatic can also be used Solvents, heavy metal solutions, etc. can be sucked up. Furthermore, it can be designed as a floating or diving body (for example as a floating body on a grease-contaminated water surface in a grease separator with a dry activated carbon mat above it as an odor absorbent or directly with a mixture with water-repellent activated carbon), because of its thermal insulation or soundproofing and / or sealing properties are used, etc. To reduce the loss of flow, the filter can also be folded in the shape of an accordion, in order to multiply the passage area
Weiters können aus der Luft oder aus dem Wasser Bestandteile herausgefiltert werden, wenn man den Gummimulchfilter schlauchartig - mit einer undurchlässigen Schichte außen - zusammenrollt und das zu filternde Medium im Inneren des Schlauches strömen laßt Wenn das Filtermedium den Innenwanden entlang strömt, tritt es laufend mit der Gummimulchoberflache in Kontakt und wird somit (wie an einer Darmwand) gefiltertFurthermore, constituents can be filtered out of the air or water if the rubber mulch filter is rolled up like a hose - with an impermeable layer on the outside - and the medium to be filtered is allowed to flow inside the hose. If the filter medium flows along the inner walls, it continuously comes with the Rubber mulch surface in contact and is thus filtered (like on an intestinal wall)
Wenn man die Kontaktflache der vorher beschriebenen Variante vergrößern will, rollt man den Gummimulchfilter zusammen mit einem durchstromfahigen Netz em (derartige Netze haben üblicherweise Dicken zwischen 2,0 und 13,0 mm und bestehen aus 2 bis 3 aufeinanderfixierten Stegscharen, die sich schräg kreuzen) und steckt die so erhaltene Rolle in ein undurchlässiges Rohr Das zu filternde Medium strömt nun im abstandhaltenden Netz, kommt somit auf beiden Seiten des Netzes mit der Oberflache der Olsaugmatte in Kontakt und wird wiederum abgefiltertIf you want to increase the contact area of the previously described variant, roll the rubber mulch filter together with a flow-through mesh (such meshes usually have thicknesses between 2.0 and 13.0 mm and consist of 2 to 3 fixed web shares that cross at an angle) and puts the resulting roll in an impermeable tube. The medium to be filtered now flows in the spacing mesh, thus comes into contact with the surface of the oil suction mat on both sides of the mesh and is in turn filtered off
Ein ähnliche Variante entsteht dadurch, daß man den Gummimulchfilter wie einen runden Luftfilter im Auto faltet und in einen Schlauch steckt, wobei das zu filternde Medium wiederum entlang fließen kann, oder - als Zweikammersystem - durch diesen hindurchtreten mußA similar variant is created by folding the rubber mulch filter like a round air filter in a car and inserting it into a hose, whereby the medium to be filtered can flow along or - as a two-chamber system - must pass through it
Man kann einen derartigen Filter auch multifunktional einsetzen Z B , verwendet man ein Aktivkohle/Gummimulch-Gemisch, so kann der Filter sehr gut im Grundwasserbereich eingesetzt werden Der Gummimulch bindet dabei ol- und fetthaltige Bestandteile, die Aktivkohle bindet weitere schädliche Grundwasserverschmutzungen Der Anteil des Gummimulches sollte dabei nicht zu hoch sein, da dieser sonst die Wasserwegigkeit des Filters behindertYou can also use such a filter in a multifunctional way.For example, if you use an activated carbon / rubber mulch mixture, the filter can be used very well in the groundwater area. The rubber mulch binds oil and fat-containing components, the activated carbon binds further harmful groundwater pollution. The proportion of the rubber mulch should should not be too high, as this would otherwise impede the water flow of the filter
Unter gefährdeten Behaltern eingesetzt, kann ein entsprechender Filter eine auslaufende Flüssigkeit filtern, absorbieren und/oder zurückhalten bis die Feuerwehr eintrifft, wobei der Grundwasserstrom - im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen Abdichtungen - nicht gänzlich unterbrochen wird und auch eine eventuelle Auftriebsgefahr ( wie sonst bei Grundwasserabdichtungen oftmals gegeben ) unterbunden wirdWhen used under endangered containers, a suitable filter can filter, absorb and / or retain an escaping liquid until the fire brigade arrives, whereby the groundwater flow - in contrast to conventional seals - is not completely interrupted and there is also a possible risk of buoyancy (as is often the case with groundwater seals) ) is prevented
Wenn man einen derartigen Filter im Eisenbahnunterbau (oder auch unter Straßen bzw bei Strassenseitendramagen, Versickerungsflachen, ) anwendet, kann ebenfalls das Grundwasser vor auslaufenden und schädlichen Flüssigkeiten geschützt werden Zusatzlich kann der Filter über einen entsprechende Wahl der Zugfestigkeit und Dehnfahigkeit der Materialien die Stabilität des Eisenbahnkorpers deutlich erhohen und außerdem durch die Federwirkung des Gummimulches als Schall dampfung wirkenIf you use such a filter in the railway substructure (or also under streets or on street side drains, infiltration surfaces,), the groundwater can also be protected from escaping and harmful liquids. Additionally, the filter can increase the stability of the railway body by choosing the appropriate tensile strength and elasticity of the materials increase significantly and also act as sound damping due to the spring action of the rubber mulch
Auch kann die Olsaugmatte unter z B Gleisbaumaschinen oder Lokomotiven zwischen und neben den Gleisen aufgelegt werden, um austropfendes 01 aufzufangenThe oil suction mat can also be placed under, for example, track-laying machines or locomotives between and next to the tracks in order to catch dripping 01
Weiters kann ein derartiger Filter auch mehrschichtig durchströmt werden Etwa um Regenwasser abzufiltern kann der Gummimulchfilter z B in einen entsprechend dimensionierten rechteckigen Schacht eingelegt werden, indem die Lagen zieharmomkaformig uberemandergefaltet werden Um etwa eine 10 cm starke Lage aus einem 1 cm dicken Gummimulchfilter in einen 0,5 x 0,5 m Schacht einzulegen, ist em 5 m langer und 0,5 m breiter, durchstromfahiger Filter notwendig, der beim Einbau nicht mehr lagenweise zurechtgeschnitten werden muß Um die Durchstrombarkeit des Gummimulchfilters zu erhohen, wird der Gummimulch dabei meist m Kombination mit anderen πeselfahigen Materialien, z B Aktivkohle eingesetztFurthermore, a filter of this type can also be flowed through in multiple layers dimensioned rectangular shaft, by folding the layers in the manner of an accordion-like layer. To insert a 10 cm thick layer from a 1 cm thick rubber mulch filter into a 0.5 x 0.5 m shaft, it is 5 m long and 0.5 m wide, flow-through filter necessary, which no longer has to be cut in layers during installation. To increase the flow through the rubber mulch filter, the rubber mulch is usually used in combination with other πeselfahliche materials, such as activated carbon
Auch kann der flachige Gummimulchfilter ein- oder mehrfach um em gelochtes Rohr herumgewickelt sein und senkrecht zu seiner Ebene durchflössen werdenThe flat rubber mulch filter can also be wrapped around the perforated tube one or more times and flowed through perpendicular to its plane
Der olgesattigte Gummimulch kann, bei Verwendung geeigneter Verpackungs- bzw Fixierungsmateπahen (z B Polypropylenvhes auf beiden Außenseiten) nach Gebrauch relativ problemlos verbrannt werden Außerdem kann das fixierte Ol und/oder Benzin durch Pyrolyse zurückgewonnen werdenThe oil-saturated rubber mulch can be burned relatively easily after use if suitable packaging or fixing materials (eg polypropylene on both outer sides) are used. In addition, the fixed oil and / or gasoline can be recovered by pyrolysis
Em Beispiel (s Fig 1 ) für derartige Filter kann sein, daß auf em ca 200 g/m2 Vlies (thermisch oder durch Vernadelung, Verklebung, usw verfestigt) als Unterlage (1) eine trockene Gummimulchschichte aus πeselfahigem Gummimulch (2) in einer Menge von ca 2 kg/m2 aufgetragen wird Weiters kommt darauf eine zweite Vlieslage (3) mit wiederum ca 200 g/m2 aus vernadeltem Material als Abdeckung (eventuell darüber noch ca 50 g/m2 Wollfaden zur Verbesserung des Flussigkeittransportes) Das ganze Paket wird dann in einer Nadelmaschine vernadelt, d h pro nr werden 10-tausende Male (vorzugsweise 5 - 120 Einstiche/cm2) mittels wiederhakenbesetzter Nadeln Faden des Nadelvheses(3) durch die Aktivkohleschicht (2) zur Unterseite (1) gefuhrt, wo sich die Faden mit dem Unterlagsvlies ( 1 ) verschlingen und dadurch die einzelnen Schichten ( 1, 2, 3) zusammenhalten Zur Verbesserung des Verfahrens kann das Produkt em zweites Mal von der Unterseite ( 1 ) her genadelt werden und/oder zusätzlich die Unterseite theπmsch bzw mit Klebstoff behandelt werden Das Prinzip eines derartiges Verfahrens wird z B in EP 0 278 419 A2, angemeldet am 5 2 1988, beschrieben, wobei jedoch als Zwischenlage reines Bentonit verwendet wird Die Produktionsbreite kann z B ca 5 m betragen (ohne sich jedoch darauf zu beschranken), wobei man vor dem Aufwickeln durch Längsschnitte kleinere Breiten erzeugen kann Nach dem Aufwickeln können die Bahnen noch quergeschnitten werden, sodaß handliche Flachen entstehen Um ein randseitiges Ausbroseln des Mulches zu verhindern, können bei der Produktion gummimulchfreie Streifen vorgesehen werden, entlang welchen langsgeschnitten wird Weiters kann man die Rander verleimen, verkleben, verschweißen, umkletten, vernahen uswAn example (see FIG. 1) of such filters can be that a dry rubber mulch layer made of πeselfahirable rubber mulch (2) in a in about 200 g / m 2 nonwoven (thermally or by needling, bonding, etc.) as a base (1) Amount of approx. 2 kg / m 2 is applied. In addition, there is a second non-woven layer (3) with again approx. 200 g / m 2 made of needled material as a cover (possibly approx. 50 g / m 2 wool thread to improve liquid transport) The package is then needled in a needle machine, that is to say ten thousand times (preferably 5-120 punctures / cm 2 ) per needle by means of barbed needles, thread of the needle needle (3) is guided through the activated carbon layer (2) to the underside (1), where swallow the thread with the underlay fleece (1) and thereby hold the individual layers (1, 2, 3) together. To improve the process, the product can be needled a second time from the underside (1) and / or the bottom on the other hand, be treated thermally or with adhesive. The principle of such a process is described, for example, in EP 0 278 419 A2, filed on 5 2 1988, but pure bentonite is used as an intermediate layer The production width can, for example, be approx. 5 m (but without being limited to it), whereby smaller widths can be created before the winding by longitudinal cuts. After winding, the webs can still be cut so that handy surfaces are formed to allow the mulch to flop out at the edges To prevent this, rubber - mulch - free strips can be provided in the production process, along which slitting is performed. Furthermore, the edges can be glued, glued, welded, looped over, sewn, etc
Die vorher beschriebene Variante schwimmt normalerweise auf Wasser, falls jedoch als Zwischenlage ein Gemisch aus Gummimulch und Quarzsand (zur Beschwerung) eingesetzt wird, kann dieses Produkt als eine in das Wasser hinabreichende Schurze verwendet werden, möglicherweise in weiterer Kombination mit Verstarkungs- /Beschwerungsschnuren usw Der Quarzsand kann dabei auch nur in gewissen Bereichen (z B 0,5 m breiter Langsstreifen) beigemischt werdenThe previously described variant normally floats on water, but if a mixture of rubber mulch and quartz sand (for weighting) is used as an intermediate layer, this product can be used as an apron reaching down into the water, possibly in a further combination with reinforcing / weighting lines etc. Quartz sand can only be mixed in certain areas (e.g. 0.5 m wide longitudinal stripe)
Als Unterlagsschichte (1) können auch andere wasserdurchlässige Textilien mit entsprechender Offnungsweite wie etwa Gewebe, Gewirke, Schaumkunststoffe, usw verwendet werden Em derart hergestelltes Produkt ist sehr flexibel, rollbar und trotzdem reißfestOther water-permeable textiles with a corresponding opening width, such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, foam plastics, etc., can also be used as the underlayer (1). A product produced in this way is very flexible, rollable and nevertheless tear-resistant
Eine andere Variante der vollflachigen Schichtenfixierung wird durch Vernahung bzw Absteppung erreicht Dabei ist die Produktionsweise und die Vielfalt derartiger Produkte ähnlich wie bei der vorher beschriebenen VernadelungsvaπanteAnother variant of the full-surface layer fixation is achieved by stitching or stitching. The method of production and the variety of such products is similar to that of the needling variant described above
Eine weitere Variante (s Fig 2) des Produktes entsteht dadurch, daß auf eine Vhesschichte (oder Gewebe, Gewirke, ) (4) ein Grobvhes mit Gummimulch (5) aufgebracht und in die untere Lage eingenadelt wird Damit der Gummimulch nicht aus dem Grobvlies herausfallt, wird eine wasserundurchlässige Membran (oder Vlies Gewebe, ) (6), eventuell unter Zuhilfenahme weiterer Materialien, auf die aus der Aktivkohle-/ Grobvhesschichte herausstehenden Faden aufgeschweißt oder aufgeklebt Ein derartiges Produkt kann etwa mit der Membran (6) nach unten unter oltropfende Maschinen gelegt werden Dabei saugt der Gummimulch (5) das 01 auf und die Membran (6) garantiert, daß kem 01 auf die Unterlage durchkommt Nach Gebrauch kann die Olsaugmatte sauber zusammengefaltet und entsorgt werden Durch zusätzliches Auffixieren von z B Quarzsand auf die Vliesoberflache (4) wurde em derartiges Produkt noch besser begeh- und befahrbar (abrieb-, rutschfester und UV- bestandiger)A further variant (see FIG. 2) of the product arises from the fact that a coarse vhes with rubber mulch (5) is applied to a Vhess layer (or fabric, knitted fabric) (4) and is needled into the lower layer so that the rubber mulch does not fall out of the coarse fleece , a water-impermeable membrane (or non-woven fabric,) (6), possibly with the help of other materials, is welded or glued to the thread protruding from the activated carbon / coarse layer. Such a product can be, for example, with the membrane (6) down under oil-dripping machines The rubber mulch (5) soaks up the 01 and the Membrane (6) guarantees that kem 01 gets through to the base. After use, the oil suction mat can be folded up and disposed of by additionally fixing quartz sand, for example, to the fleece surface (4), making such a product even easier to walk on and drive over (abrasion, non-slip and UV resistant)
Weiters (s Fig 3) kann ein ol- bzw - wasserundurchlässiges Produkt erzeugt werden, indem z B eine noppenformig geprägte Membran (7) werkseitig zwischen die Noppen ein Gummimulchgemisch (8) eingestreut bekommt und die aus diesem Gemisch herausstehenden Noppenenden fix mit einem Abdeckvlies (9), etwa durch Kleben oder Schweißen, punktweise verbunden werden In diesem Falle ist die Unterlage (7) gleichzeitig der Abstandhalter zur Decklage (9), die auch aus einem Gewebe, Gewirke usw , bestehen kann Durch die wasserundurchlässige Membran (7) entsteht ein Produkt, bei dem der Gummimulch (8) nur auf einer Seite (9) mit dem Filtermedium in Kontakt treten kann D h , dieser Filter ist für die oben beschriebene Rohrvariante geeignet Die Membran (7) kann jedoch auch durchlocht werden, wodurch das Gesamtprodukt durchstrombar wird Dies wird auch dadurch erreicht, indem eine Vlies- Decklage (9) mit der Noppenmembran (7) durch Nadeln verbunden wirdFurthermore (see FIG. 3), an oil- or water-impermeable product can be produced by, for example, a rubber-mulch mixture (8) being sprinkled between the knobs in the factory by a knob-shaped embossed membrane (7) and the knob ends protruding from this mixture being fixed with a covering fleece ( 9), for example by gluing or welding, are connected in points. In this case, the base (7) is at the same time the spacer to the cover layer (9), which can also consist of a woven fabric, knitted fabric, etc. The water-impermeable membrane (7) creates a Product in which the rubber mulch (8) can only come into contact with the filter medium on one side (9) D h, this filter is suitable for the tube variant described above. The membrane (7) can, however, also be perforated, so that the entire product can be flowed through This is also achieved in that a nonwoven cover layer (9) is connected to the knob membrane (7) by needles
Eine andere Variante (s Fig 4) eines derartigen Produktes entsteht dadurch, daß ein auf einem Vlies (10). z B durch Aufschmelzen oder Aufkleben, fixiertes Gitternetz (1 1 ) mit Gummimulch (12) gefüllt wird Zur Abdeckung wird auf der Oberseite wiederum ein Vlies (13) auf das Gitternetz auffixiert Das Gitternetz (1 1 ) dient dabei hauptsächlich als Abstandhalter, sodaß der in dessen Hohlräume eingebrachte Gummimulch (12) nicht zusammengedruckt wird und dadurch eine hohe Luft- oder Wasserdurchlassigkeit des Gesamtproduktes ermöglicht Mit einer derartigen Matte kann man z B ölhaltige Abluft reinigen Statt dem Gitternetz (11) können in gleicher Produktionsweise auch andere Materialien, z B Kunststoff-Drahtgitternetze, eingesetzt werdenAnother variant (see FIG. 4) of such a product arises from the fact that one on a fleece (10). e.g. by melting or gluing, the fixed mesh (1 1) is filled with rubber mulch (12) To cover it, a fleece (13) is fixed on the top of the mesh. The mesh (1 1) mainly serves as a spacer, so that the Rubber mulch (12) inserted into the cavities is not pressed together, thereby permitting the entire product to be highly permeable to air or water. Such a mat can be used, for example, to clean exhaust air containing oil. Instead of the mesh (11), other materials, such as plastic, can be produced in the same way -Wire mesh, can be used
Dabei (s Fig 5) wird em auf ein Wirrgelege (15) aufgeklebtes oder aufgeschmolzenes Vlies (14) als Unterlage verwendet Die Vliesseite (14) kommt unten zu liegen und in das Wirrgelege (15) füllt man - eventuell mittels Emruttelns - Gummimulchflocken (16) (z B 0,2 - 5,0 mm Durchmesser) so ein, daß die Oberseite des Wirrgeleges (15) noch aus der Gummimulchschichte ( 16) heraussteht Anschließend wird zur Abdeckung ein zweites Vlies (17) auf die herausstehenden Faden des Wirrgeleges (15) aufgeklebt oder aufgeschmolzen Das Wirrgelege (15) besteht üblicherweise aus ca 0,1 - 2,0 mm starken PEHD-Faden, wobei die Wirrlage eine Dicke von etwa 2,0 bis 40 mm aufweist und fungiert bei dieser Variante als Abstandhalter zwischen den Gummimulchbegrenzungsmedien (17, 14) Für Sonderfalle gibt es derartige Wirrgelege (15) auch aus anderen Materialien und mit anderen DimensionenIn this case (see FIG. 5), a fleece (14) glued or melted onto a scrim (15) is used as a base. The fleece side (14) comes to lie at the bottom and in the scrim (15) is filled - possibly by shaking - rubber mulch flakes (16) (e.g. 0.2 - 5.0 mm diameter) so that the top of the scrim (15) still protrudes from the rubber mulch layer (16) to cover a second fleece (17) glued or melted onto the protruding threads of the random lay-up (15). The random lay-up (15) usually consists of approx. 0.1 - 2.0 mm thick PEHD thread, the tangled layer being about 2 .0 to 40 mm and in this variant acts as a spacer between the rubber mulch limiting media (17, 14). For special cases there are such random scrims (15) made of other materials and with different dimensions
Der Vorteil dieser Variante hegt ebenfalls dann, daß der Gummimulch (16) relativ locker eingebracht werden kann, wodurch sich der Stromungswiderstand des Filters verringert Außerdem sind mit dieser Variante größere Dicken als bei der vorher beschriebenen Vernadelungs- und auch Gitternetzvariante erreichbar Statt den Begrenzungsvliesen (17, 14) können auch andere Materialien wie Gewebe, Gewirke, Folien usw verwendet werdenThe advantage of this variant is also that the rubber mulch (16) can be introduced relatively loosely, which reduces the flow resistance of the filter. In addition, larger thicknesses can be achieved with this variant than with the previously described needling and also grid variant instead of the boundary fleeces (17 , 14) other materials such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, foils, etc. can also be used
Das Pπnzip bleibt das gleiche, wenn statt dem Wirrgelege (15) weitere Arten von Abstandhaltern wie z B 3-dιmensιonale Netze, Noppen, Kunststoffkugelchen, -scheibchen o a aus z B Schaumstoff, PP, PEHD, , dergleichen auch aus anderen Materialien wie Blähbeton, Holz usw verwendet werden Vernadelbare Teilchen wie Schaumstoffkugelchen sind auch bei der vorher beschriebenen Nadelvaπante als in die Gummimulchschichte (16) eingemischte Abstandhalter einsetzbar und veπmndern dort ebenfalls den StromungswiderstandThe Pπnzip remains the same if, instead of the random scrim (15), other types of spacers such as 3-dimensional nets, knobs, plastic balls, discs or the like made of, for example, foam, PP, PEHD, etc. from other materials such as expanded concrete, Wood etc. are used. Needlable particles such as foam spheres can also be used in the previously described Nadelvaπante as spacers mixed into the rubber mulch layer (16) and also change the flow resistance there
Bei den End- bzw Schnittflachen neigt der Gummimulch mehr oder minder zum seitlichen Ausrieseln Bei den Vernadelungsvaπanten ist dieses Risiko nicht besonders groß, da die durch die Gummimulchschichte durchfuhrenden Vernadelungsfaden die Gummimulchflocken auch seitlich fixieren Bei anderen Varianten mit z B Noppenfohen oder Wirrgelegen ist diese Tendenz jedoch großer Zur Vermeidung des seitlichen Ausπeselns kann bei den Seiten- bzw Zwischenschnitten in Produktionsrichtung schon bei der Produktion ein schmaler Materialstreifen statt der Gummimulchlage eingelegt werden, der die Gummimulchschichte nach außen begrenzt Falls er zwischendurch eingelegt wurde, kann man ihn auch langsschneiden und verschließt somit wiederum die entstehenden Schnittkanten Ein derartiges Mateπal kann z B em Vliesstreifen sein (vorzugsweise 5 - 25 cm breit und 2 - 30 mm dick) Falls der Vliesstreifen zusätzlich eine oder mehrere Fohenlagen aufweist, wird der Gummimulchfilter entlang den Schnittkanten schlecht durchstrombar und das zu filternde Medium muß durch den Gummimulch durchströmen und kann nicht seitlich in den (gummimulchfreien) Kantenbereich ausweichen Auch können bei der Produktion Seiten- und Zwischenstreifen einfach gummimulchfrei erfolgen, wodurch das Endprodukt ]edoch seitlich dunner wird als im MittelteilAt the end or cut surfaces, the rubber mulch tends to trickle out more or less from the side. With the needling needles, this risk is not particularly great, since the needling thread passing through the rubber mulch layer also fixes the rubber mulch flakes to the side. However, with other variants with e.g. pimples or tangles, this tendency is greater In order to avoid lateral chiseling, a narrow strip of material can be inserted in the production direction instead of the rubber mulch layer in the side or intermediate cuts in the production direction, which limits the rubber mulch layer to the outside. If it has been inserted in between, it can also be cut slowly and thus again seals the resulting ones Cut edges Such a material can be a fleece strip (preferably 5 - 25 cm wide and 2 - 30 mm thick). If the fleece strip additionally has one or more layers of foal, the rubber mulch filter along the cut edges becomes difficult to flow through and the medium to be filtered must pass through the Flow through the rubber mulch and cannot escape laterally into the (rubber mulch-free) edge area. Side and intermediate strips can also be easily made without rubber mulch during production, whereby the end product] becomes thinner on the side than in the middle section
Bei den Quer-/Langsschmtten oder Enden des Produktes gibt es verschiedene Varianten, um die Schnittflachen zu sichern Entsprechende Mattenvarianten kann man verschweißen, vernahen, umkleben, verkletten, verleimen, mit Schrumpffolien verschließen, usw Auch kann der Gummimulch selber in diesem Bereich mit einem Fixierungsmittel (z B Latex-Bitumengemisch) veπnischt sein oder der Schnitt durch Trennschweißen erfolgen, wodurch - bei Verwendung thermoplastischer Materialien - die Kanten sofort verschweißt werden könnenThere are different variants of the transverse / longitudinal sections or ends of the product in order to secure the cut surfaces. Corresponding mat variants can be welded, sewn, taped, glued, glued, sealed with shrink films, etc. The rubber mulch itself can also be fixed in this area with a fixing agent (eg latex-bitumen mixture) be veiled or cut by means of separation welding, whereby - when using thermoplastic materials - the edges can be welded immediately
Eine Produktionsvariante (s Fig 6), bei der das vorher besprochene Problem vermieden werden kann, entsteht bei Verwendung von Begrenzungsmedien (18) mit eingeprägten Schusseln oder Langsπllen Diese Schusseln entstehen noπnalerweise beim sogenannten Tiefziehen von Vliesen, Folien u a Bei der Produktion des Gummimulchfilters wird in diese Schusseln (18) der Gummimulch (19) eingebracht und zum Verschließen etwa ein Vlies (oder Gewebe, Gewirke, ) (20) darubergeklebt bzw thermisch fixiert und/oder vernadelt Wenn man das fertige Produkt zwischen den Schusseln oder Streifen (18) schneidet, bleibt der Gummimulch (19) fixiert Falls man eine tiefgezogene Membran (18) verwendet, ist das Produkt wieder nur von einer Seite (20) anstrombar Dies kann jedoch geändert werden, falls das Abdeckvlies (20) nicht mit der Membran (18) verklebt, sondern in diese so hineingenadelt wird, daß die Nadeln auch den Boden der Schusseln (18) durchstoßen (wenn die Nadeln weniger tief eindringen, wird nur die Folie (18) mit dem Vlies (20) verbunden) Die Vernadelungstechnik ist wiederum auch für andere Materialien, wie etwa tiefgezogene Vliese verwendbarA production variant (see FIG. 6), in which the previously discussed problem can be avoided, arises when using limiting media (18) with embossed bowls or elongated bowls. These bowls are normally produced in the so-called deep-drawing of nonwovens, foils, etc. In the production of the rubber mulch filter, in these bowls (18) of the rubber mulch (19) are introduced and, for closing, a fleece (or fabric, knitted fabric) (20) is glued or thermally fixed and / or needled if the finished product is cut between the bowls or strips (18), the rubber mulch (19) remains fixed If a deep-drawn membrane (18) is used, the product can again only be flowed on from one side (20). However, this can be changed if the cover fleece (20) is not glued to the membrane (18), but rather is needled into it, that the needles also penetrate the bottom of the bowls (18) (if the needles penetrate less deeply, only the film (18) is connected to the fleece (20)) The needling technique can in turn also be used for other materials, such as deep-drawn fleece
In der Patentschrift CH 681 626 A5, angemeldet am 26 2 91 , wird ebenfalls ein für dieses Patent geeigneter Gummimulch sowie dessen Verwendung beschrieben Die in CH 681 626 A5 beschriebenen Ausfuhrungsbeispiele sind entweder gefüllte Schlauche, Sacke, Käfige usw , bzw Haltemittel, die mindestens ein lineares und/oder flachenartiges Halteelement aufweisen, an dem die Teilchen befestigt, vorzugsweise angeklebt und/oder anvulkanisiert sind (z B ein Gitter, wobei das Gummimateπal um die einzelnen Gitterstabe herum befestigt ist) Es werden jedoch keine vollflachig fixierten Olsaugmedien wie in der vorliegenden Patentschrift beschrieben, da in dieser die Haltemedien (mind 2) selbst vollflachig (bzw zumindest punktformig über die Flache hinweg) miteinander verbunden sind und der Gummimulch nicht durch Verklebung o a an diesen fixiert sein mußThe patent specification CH 681 626 A5, filed on 26 2 91, also describes a rubber mulch suitable for this patent and the use thereof. The exemplary embodiments described in CH 681 626 A5 are either filled hoses, sacks, cages, etc., or holding means which have at least one have linear and / or flat-like holding element to which the particles are attached, preferably glued and / or vulcanized (eg a grid, the rubber element being fastened around the individual grid rod). However, there are no full-surface fixed oil suction media as in the present patent specification described, since in this the holding media (at least 2) themselves are connected to each other over the entire surface (or at least in a punctiform manner over the surface) and the rubber mulch does not have to be fixed to the latter by gluing or the like
Weiters wird m der Patentschrift EP 0 260 135 A2, angemeldet am 10 9 87, eine flachige Olsaugmatte aus organischen Rohstoffen beschrieben Im Gegensatz zur vorliegenden Patentschrift wird die Festigkeit der Matte jedoch durch ein Fixieren der organischen Rohstoffteilchen aneinander, bzw einer entsprechenden Mischung mit Fasern, gebildet Furthermore, the patent EP 0 260 135 A2, filed on 10 9 87, describes a flat oil absorbent mat made of organic raw materials. In contrast to the present patent specification, the strength of the mat is, however, fixed by fixing the organic raw material particles to one another or a corresponding mixture with fibers. educated

Claims

Patentansprücheclaims
1 ) Mehrschichtiger flachiger Filter zum Filtern bzw Ab-/Adsorbιeren von Gasen und Flüssigkeiten, bestehend aus mindestens 2 großflächigen Begrenzungsschichten, von denen mindestens eine luft- und/oder wasserdurchlässig ist und einer dazwischenliegenden Filterschicht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Filterschicht aus Gummimulchflocken oder einer Mischung von Gummimulch mit anderen Filterstoffen bzw Beimengungen besteht und die Außenflachen der Begrenzungsmedien zwischen den Umgebungs- und Schnittrandern zumindest punktweise direkt oder über Zwischenschichten miteinander fixiert sind1) Multi-layer flat filter for filtering or removing / adsorbing gases and liquids, consisting of at least 2 large boundary layers, at least one of which is permeable to air and / or water and an intermediate filter layer, characterized in that the filter layer is made of rubber mulch flakes or Mixing of rubber mulch with other filter materials or admixtures exists and the outer surfaces of the boundary media between the surrounding and cut edges are at least partially fixed directly or via intermediate layers
2) Filter nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Filterschicht aus Gummimulchteilchen in Mischung mit bis zu 90% eines anderen Filtermateπals besteht2) Filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter layer consists of rubber mulch particles in a mixture with up to 90% of another filter material
3) Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das andere Filtermateπal bzw Beimengung aus Wollfaden, und/oder Sand und/oder Verstarkungsfaden, und/oder Kunststoff-Drahtgittergelegen und/oder Glasfasern und/oder Glasfaservlies und/oder Bentomt und/oder Abstandhalter und/oder Aktivkohle und/oder Asche und/oder Holzspanen und/oder Porenbetonteilchen und/oder Harzen und/oder geschäumten Kunststoffen und/oder hydraulischen Bindemitteln und/oder Chemikalien und/oder Wasser und/oder Kleber und/oder diversen Adsorbtions- und Bindemitteln und/oder Zeolith und/oder Kork u a besteht3) Filter according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the other filter material or admixture of wool thread, and / or sand and / or reinforcing thread, and / or plastic wire mesh and / or glass fibers and / or glass fiber fleece and / or bentomite and / or spacers and / or activated carbon and / or ash and / or wood chips and / or aerated concrete particles and / or resins and / or foamed plastics and / or hydraulic binders and / or chemicals and / or water and / or glue and / or various Adsorbents and binders and / or zeolite and / or cork, among other things
4) Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine oder mehrere Filter- und Zwischenlagen zwischen den Begrenzungsmedien fixiert sind4) Filter according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that one or more filter and intermediate layers are fixed between the limiting media
5) Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Filterschicht/en durch mechanische Fixierung zwischen den Begrenzungsmedien fixiert ist/sind 6 ) Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fixierung der Begrenzungsflachen durch Vernahen und/oder Vernadeln und/oder Verkleben und/oder Verschmelzen und/oder Versteppen und/oder Verwirken und/oder Vernahwirken u a erfolgt5) Filter according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the filter layer / s is / are fixed by mechanical fixing between the limiting media 6) Filter according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fixing of the boundary surfaces by sewing and / or needling and / or gluing and / or fusing and / or quilting and / or forfeiting and / or interrogating takes place, among other things
7 ) Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Begrenzungsmedien aus Vliesen und/oder Geweben und/oder Folien und/oder Gewirken und/oder Papier und/oder Karton und/oder Schaumstoffen und/oder tiefgezogenen Materialien und/oder anderen geeigneten Textilien bestehen7) Filter according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the limiting media made of nonwovens and / or fabrics and / or foils and / or knitted fabrics and / or paper and / or cardboard and / or foams and / or deep-drawn materials and / or other suitable textiles
8 ) Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke des gesamten Filters 0,2 cm bis 5 cm betragt8) Filter according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the thickness of the entire filter is 0.2 cm to 5 cm
9) Filter nach Anspruch 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in den oder an der Oberflache der Begrenzungsmedien Sand und/oder Verstarkungsfaden und/oder Schnure und/oder Ketten und/oder zusätzlicher Gummimulch und/oder zusätzliche Aktivkohle und/oder natürliche Fasern und/oder Avivage und/oder weitere Textilien usw aufgebracht und/oder eingemischt sind9) Filter according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that in or on the surface of the limiting media sand and / or reinforcing thread and / or cords and / or chains and / or additional rubber mulch and / or additional activated carbon and / or natural fibers and / or finishing and / or other textiles etc. are applied and / or mixed
10 ) Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens eines der Begrenzungsmedien und/oder eine Zwischenschicht aus wasseranziehendem Material besteht10) Filter according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one of the limiting media and / or an intermediate layer consists of water-attracting material
1 1 ) Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens eines der Begrenzungsmedien und/oder eine Zwischenschicht aus olanziehendem Material besteht1 1) Filter according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one of the limiting media and / or an intermediate layer consists of an oleophilic material
12) Verfahren zur Herstellung der Filter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Begrenzungsmedien an den Schnitt- und/oder Umgebungsflachen über eine Zwischenschicht miteinander verbunden werden 13 ) Verwendung der Produkte nach Anspruch 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß damit Gase und/oder Flüssigkeiten gefiltert werden12) Method for producing the filter according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the limiting media are connected to one another at the cut and / or surrounding surfaces via an intermediate layer 13) Use of the products according to claim 1 to 12, characterized in that gases and / or liquids are filtered thereby
14 ) Verwendung der Produkte nach Anspruch 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie als Schall- und/oder Wärmedämmung und/oder zur Stabilitatserhohung von Hoch¬ oder Tiefbauten und/oder als Schwimm-oder Tauchkoφer, eventuell in Zusammenhang mit deren ad-/absorbιerenden Wirkung eingesetzt werden 14) Use of the products according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that they are used as sound and / or thermal insulation and / or for increasing the stability of buildings or civil engineering structures and / or as floating or diving bodies, possibly in connection with their ad / absorbing effect can be used
PCT/EP1996/003291 1995-08-03 1996-07-26 Mats with integrated rubber mulch WO1997006222A1 (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2778579A1 (en) * 1998-05-14 1999-11-19 Schoeller Et Hoesch Sarl Multilayer mat protecting ground against hydrocarbons and industrial solvents
DE10314416A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2004-11-04 Otto-Von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Separation of toxic heavy metal ions from waste waters, adsorbs them onto porous concrete adsorbents produced by calcining under given conditions
WO2012022334A3 (en) * 2010-07-12 2012-04-26 Öl-Jäger Vertriebs Gmbh Oil adsorption mat
EP2731707B1 (en) * 2011-07-15 2017-03-08 Margraf-Gerdau, Vera Adsorption web for the adsorption of petrochemical substances from liquid phases and method for producing an adsorption web
CN109080234A (en) * 2018-08-20 2018-12-25 贺州学院 A kind of high strength light concrete prefabricated board
EP3431279A1 (en) * 2017-07-19 2019-01-23 Elgenmann, Werner Rubber mat and method for its production
GB2568865A (en) * 2017-10-15 2019-06-05 Manvers Engineering Ltd Composite absorbent materials and devices incorporating such materials
WO2022029143A1 (en) * 2020-08-03 2022-02-10 Manvers Engineering Limited Oil and fuel collector

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CH637848A5 (en) * 1978-11-23 1983-08-31 Breveteam Sa Sheet-like, flexible sandwich structure for treating gases or liquids, and use thereof
US4622260A (en) * 1981-07-27 1986-11-11 Tesch G H Mat shaped composite body
EP0278419A2 (en) * 1987-02-13 1988-08-17 NAUE-FASERTECHNIK GMBH & CO. KG Waterproof sealing mat, essentially composed of a supporting layer, and intermediate layer of expandable clay, and a covering layer
DE4007695A1 (en) * 1990-03-10 1991-09-12 Eugen Jaeger Fa Adsorbent and binder comprising comminuted rubber, esp. scrap tyres - for removing oil from water, sludge or soil
DE4038962A1 (en) * 1990-12-06 1992-06-11 Akzo Gmbh USE OF A PROTECTIVE MAT FOR SEALING
CH681626A5 (en) * 1991-02-26 1993-04-30 Alexandra Bartsch Adsorbing and/or absorbing oil from water - using foamed rubber particles made from old tyres

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CH629137A5 (en) * 1978-02-16 1982-04-15 Hausheer Hans Peter Textile material with incorporated granular solid material
CH637848A5 (en) * 1978-11-23 1983-08-31 Breveteam Sa Sheet-like, flexible sandwich structure for treating gases or liquids, and use thereof
US4622260A (en) * 1981-07-27 1986-11-11 Tesch G H Mat shaped composite body
EP0278419A2 (en) * 1987-02-13 1988-08-17 NAUE-FASERTECHNIK GMBH & CO. KG Waterproof sealing mat, essentially composed of a supporting layer, and intermediate layer of expandable clay, and a covering layer
DE4007695A1 (en) * 1990-03-10 1991-09-12 Eugen Jaeger Fa Adsorbent and binder comprising comminuted rubber, esp. scrap tyres - for removing oil from water, sludge or soil
DE4038962A1 (en) * 1990-12-06 1992-06-11 Akzo Gmbh USE OF A PROTECTIVE MAT FOR SEALING
CH681626A5 (en) * 1991-02-26 1993-04-30 Alexandra Bartsch Adsorbing and/or absorbing oil from water - using foamed rubber particles made from old tyres

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2778579A1 (en) * 1998-05-14 1999-11-19 Schoeller Et Hoesch Sarl Multilayer mat protecting ground against hydrocarbons and industrial solvents
DE10314416A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2004-11-04 Otto-Von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Separation of toxic heavy metal ions from waste waters, adsorbs them onto porous concrete adsorbents produced by calcining under given conditions
DE10314416B4 (en) * 2003-03-28 2008-05-21 Otto-Von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Process for the separation of toxic heavy metal ions from waste water
WO2012022334A3 (en) * 2010-07-12 2012-04-26 Öl-Jäger Vertriebs Gmbh Oil adsorption mat
EP2731707B1 (en) * 2011-07-15 2017-03-08 Margraf-Gerdau, Vera Adsorption web for the adsorption of petrochemical substances from liquid phases and method for producing an adsorption web
EP3431279A1 (en) * 2017-07-19 2019-01-23 Elgenmann, Werner Rubber mat and method for its production
GB2568865A (en) * 2017-10-15 2019-06-05 Manvers Engineering Ltd Composite absorbent materials and devices incorporating such materials
CN109080234A (en) * 2018-08-20 2018-12-25 贺州学院 A kind of high strength light concrete prefabricated board
CN109080234B (en) * 2018-08-20 2020-09-22 贺州学院 High-strength lightweight concrete prefabricated slab
WO2022029143A1 (en) * 2020-08-03 2022-02-10 Manvers Engineering Limited Oil and fuel collector
GB2613297A (en) * 2020-08-03 2023-05-31 Manvers Engineering Ltd Oil and fuel collector

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