WO1996012690A9 - Element isolant constituant une barriere statique amelioree et amorce non electrique le contenant - Google Patents

Element isolant constituant une barriere statique amelioree et amorce non electrique le contenant

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Publication number
WO1996012690A9
WO1996012690A9 PCT/US1995/013093 US9513093W WO9612690A9 WO 1996012690 A9 WO1996012690 A9 WO 1996012690A9 US 9513093 W US9513093 W US 9513093W WO 9612690 A9 WO9612690 A9 WO 9612690A9
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diaphragm
shell
isolation member
periphery
signal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1995/013093
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO1996012690A1 (fr
WO1996012690B1 (fr
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed filed Critical
Priority to AU41303/96A priority Critical patent/AU4130396A/en
Publication of WO1996012690A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996012690A1/fr
Publication of WO1996012690B1 publication Critical patent/WO1996012690B1/fr
Publication of WO1996012690A9 publication Critical patent/WO1996012690A9/fr

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Definitions

  • the present invention concerns an improved isolation mem ⁇ ber for use in a non-electric detonator cap and an im ⁇ proved detonator cap including the same. More particular- ly, the present invention concerns an improved isolation member for use in the cap to retard the discharge of stat ⁇ ic electricity from an initiation signal transmission line through the detonator cap charge.
  • isolation members in non-electric detonat ⁇ or caps which are to be assembled to fuses capable of transmitting a static electric charge is known in the art, as shown by U.S. Patent 3,981,240 issued September 21, 1976 to E.L. Gladden. That Patent discloses the use of signal transmission lines, i.e., fuses, of the type dis ⁇ closed in U.S. Patent 3,590,739 issued July 6, 1971 to P.A. Persson.
  • fuses commonly referred to as "shock tubes” typically comprise an elongated hollow tube made of one or more synthetic organic polymeric material(s)
  • the reactive material may comprise a thin coating or dusting of a mix- ture of an explosive such as PETN, RDX, HMX or the like, and a fine aluminum powder
  • the shock tube may be a plural-layer tube.
  • the inner tube may comprise a plastic, such as a SURLYN"* ionomer, to which the reactive powder will adhere and the outer tube may be made of a me ⁇ chanically tougher material such as low or medium density polyethylene.
  • SURLYN is a trademark of E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co. for its ionomer resins.
  • a deflagrating material provides a reduced speed of transmission of the initiation signal propagated through the tube as compared to shock tubes.
  • Such deflagrating material tubes are referred to as low velocity signal transmission lines ("LVST* lines").
  • LVST* lines low velocity signal transmission lines
  • Patent 4,757,764 included- ing manganese/potassium perchlorate, silicon/red lead, and zirconium/ferric oxide, to name but a few of the many dis ⁇ closed in that Patent starting at column 3, line 48.
  • LVST* lines transmit an initiation signal by means of a "pressure/flame front” principle whereas shock tubes, when ignited, produce a "shock wave initiation signal" which travels through the tube.
  • Both types of tubes, shock tubes and LVST* lines, as well as detonating cords, espe- cially low-energy detonating cords may be utilized to initiate detonator caps for use in demolition, mining and other systems.
  • Such tubes and cords are collectively re ⁇ ferred to herein and in the claims as "signal transmission lines”.
  • the invention of the above-mentioned Gladden Patent 3,981,240 provides a fuse-retaining bushing (28) made of a semi-conductive plastic material.
  • the bushing provides a "stand-off", i.e., a space, between the signal-emitting end of the ini ⁇ tiating fuse (26) and the target of the initiation signal which, in the illustrated case, is a primer or booster charge (20).
  • the bushing isolates the signal-emitting end of the signal transmission line from the target by a thin, flat rupturable membrane (40).
  • the bushing further pro ⁇ vides a shunt path for transmitting static electric charges from the signal-emitting end of the initiating fuse to the metallic shell or casing (12) of the detonator cap, thereby bleeding off static charges before they reach a potential high enough to cause a spark which could pene ⁇ trate the membrane and ignite the cap charge to premature ⁇ ly detonate the cap.
  • isolation bushings simi ⁇ lar to those shown in U.S. 3,981,240 but comprising a rup- turable diaphragm having four radial rupture grooves that emanate from the periphery of the diaphragm but do not in ⁇ tersect; instead, they terminate independently at non-cen ⁇ tral points on the diaphragm.
  • the present invention provides an isolation member for positioning the signal-emitting end of a non-electric signal transmission line within the shell of a detonator cap.
  • the isolation member comprises a substantially cyl ⁇ indrical body dimensioned and configured to be received within the shell of the detonator cap.
  • the body has an input end, an output end and an interior passageway ex- tending through the body to allow an initiation signal to be transmitted therethrough from the input end to the out ⁇ put end of the body.
  • the interior passageway defines a positioning region at the input end of the body and a dis ⁇ charge port at the outlet end of the body.
  • a signal-rupturable diaphragm that has a periphery and that is disposed within the interior passageway to isolate the positioning region from the discharge port.
  • the diaphragm is connected to the interior passageway at its periphery and it has a plurality of intersecting score lines formed therein to facilitate rupture of the diaphragm without de ⁇ tachment of the diaphragm or portions thereof from the body.
  • the dia ⁇ phragm may have a generally circular periphery and the score lines may intersect at approximately the geometric center of the diaphragm.
  • the po ⁇ sitioning region may comprise a shoulder formed in the in ⁇ terior passageway and the diaphragm may be attached at its periphery to the shoulder.
  • the diaphragm may have a pair of score lines which extend diametrically across the diaphragm and which intersect at a right angle with each other.
  • the diaphragm may have three radial score lines that intersect at about the center of the diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm may have a periphery which is generally po ⁇ lygonal in configuration with apices defined at the inter ⁇ section of adjacent straight-line segments of the periph- ery.
  • the score lines emanate from the apices of the periphery of the diaphragm.
  • the body may be substantially entirely comprised of a semi- conductive synthetic organic polymeric material.
  • the present invention also provides a detonator cap for connection to a length of non-electric signal trans ⁇ mission line having any one of a selected range of outside diameters and terminating in a signal-emitting end.
  • the cap comprises an elongated shell having an open end for receiving the non-electric signal transmission line and an opposite, closed end.
  • a retainer bushing is positioned in the open end of the shell and has a bore extending there- through for receiving therein a segment of the length of signal transmission line to connect the line to the elon ⁇ gated shell with its signal-emitting end enclosed within the shell.
  • There is a receptor charge positioned within the elongated shell and disposed between the bushing and the closed end of the shell and axially spaced from the bushing.
  • the cap includes an isolation member, as described above, disposed within the shell in the space between the bushing and the receptor charge.
  • the cap may include a length of signal transmission line connected to the shell and may extend through the bore of the bushing with its signal-emitting end seated in the positioning region.
  • Figure 1 is a side view, with parts broken away, of a detonator cap having incorporated therein an isolation member in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • Figures 1A and IB are cross-sectional views, enlarged with respect to Figure 1, taken along, respectively, lines A-A and B-B of Figure 1;
  • Figure 1C is an enlarged view of the portion of Fig- ure 1 containing the isolation member
  • Figure ID is a reduced-size (relative to Figure 1) view of another embodiment of a detonator cap generally corresponding to that of Figure 1, except that the upper part of the drawing is broken away;
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the isolation mem ⁇ ber of Figure 1;
  • Figure 2A is an end view of output end 38 of the iso- lation member of Figure 2;
  • Figure 2B is an end view of input end 36 of the iso ⁇ lation member of Figure 2;
  • Figure 2C is a cross-sectional view, enlarged with respect to Figure 2B, taken along line C-C of Figure 2B;
  • Figure 2D is a view similar to Figure 2A but enlarged with respect thereto, of another embodiment of an isola ⁇ tion member according to the present invention.
  • an embodiment of a recep ⁇ tor detonator cap in accordance with the present invention is generally indicated at 10 and comprises a tubular cas- ing or shell 12 made of a suitable plastic or metal, such as a semi-conductive plastic material or, as in the illu ⁇ strated embodiment, aluminum.
  • Shell 12 has a closed end 12a and an opposite, open end 12b.
  • a signal transmission line comprises, in the illustrated embodiment, a shock tube 30 having a signal-emitting end 30a which is con ⁇ nected to shell 12 as more fully described below.
  • a re ⁇ ceptor charge generally indicated at 14 is enclosed within shell 12 and is comprised of, in the illustrated embodi ⁇ ment, a sealer element 16, a delay element 20, a primary explosive charge 22, e.g., lead azide or DDNP (diazodini- trophenol), and a secondary explosive charge 24, e.g., PETN.
  • a sealer element 16 and delay element 20 may be eliminated so that receptor charge 14 may comprise only one or more explosive charges, such as primary and secondary charges 22, 24, to provide an instantaneous-acting detonator cap.
  • the primary explosive charge 22 is omitted, so that the receptor charge 14 simply comprises the secondary explosive charge 24.
  • the receptor charge 14 may comprise, in addition to sealer element 16 and delay element 20, an additional, highly exothermic pyrotechnic element disposed between the sealer element and the delay element in cases where the delay element core is a relatively insensitive composition. This type of arrangement is illustrated in Figure ID, wherein parts identical to those of Figure 1 are identically numbered and the description thereof is not repeated.
  • the detonator cap 10' of Figure ID in ⁇ cludes, in addition to the components of detonator cap 10 of Figure 1, a starter element 18 which comprises a pyro- technic core 18a and a sheath 18b.
  • elements 16, 18 and 20 of Figure ID may be re ⁇ placed by what is referred to as a "rigid element".
  • Such rigid element comprises a unitary sheath which contains in sequence (as sensed moving from open end 12b towards closed end 12a) a pyrotechnic core, a primary explosive core and a secondary explosive core.
  • Such rigid element may be used in place of sealer element 16, starter element 18 and delay element 20.
  • a sealer element 16 may be deployed adjacent to the rigid element, on the side thereof facing the open end of the detonator.
  • Anoth ⁇ er known variation is a detonator which contains a delay element 20, but no sealer element 16 or starter element 18.
  • receptor charge 14 which provides the target for the signal (e.g., that emitted from the discharge or signal- emitting end 30a of shock tube 30) may provide either a pyrotechnic or an explosive charge target.
  • the sealer and delay elements 16, 20 each comprise respective pyrotechnic cores 16a and 20a encased within suitable respective sheaths 16b and 20b.
  • the sheaths 16b and 20b conventionally comprise a material such as lead or aluminum which may readily be deformed by pressure or crimping.
  • a crimp 26 may be formed in shell 12 to slightly deform lead sheath 16b, thereby securely sealing and retaining receptor charge 14 positioned within shell 12.
  • the sheath may be pressed after it is placed within the shell, using a press pin. In response to the pressure, the sheath will expand and seal against the inside wall of the shell.
  • the sheath may be sized to have an outside diameter which is equal to or slightly larger than the in- side diameter of shell 12, to provide an interference fit.
  • receptor charge 14 in ⁇ cludes a pyrotechnic train comprised of elements 16 and 20 and an explosive charge comprised of primary and secondary explosive charges 22 and 24, occupies only a portion of the length of shell 12, and is disposed adjacent the closed end 12a thereof.
  • the open end 12b of shell 12 is fitted with a retainer bushing 28 and receives one end of a length of fuse which may comprise any suitable signal transmission line, e.g., shock tube 30 as illustrated or an LVST* line or a low-energy detonating cord.
  • shock tube 30 is enclosed within shell 12.
  • a crimp 32 is formed at or in the vicinity of open end 12b of shell 12 in order to grip retainer bushing 28 and shock tube 30 in place and to seal the interior of shell 12 against the environment.
  • retainer bushing 28 is usually made of a resilient material such as a suitable rubber or elastomeric polymer.
  • Shock tube 30 is of conventional construction, comprising a laminated tube having an outer tube 30b which may be made of poly- ethylene, extruded over, or co-extruded with, a sub-tube 30c which may be made of a polymer, such as a SURLYNTM ionomer, to which the reactive powder adheres. Alterna ⁇ tively, a monolayer tube may be employed.
  • a dusting 30d of reactive powder (greatly exaggerated in thickness in Figure IC for clarity of illustration) clings to the inner wall provided by the inside surface of sub-tube 30c.
  • Isolation member 34 is interposed between the sig ⁇ nal-emitting end 30a of shock tube 30 and the input end of the receptor charge 14 which, in the embodiment of Figure 1, is the end of sealer element 16 which faces the open end 12b of shell 12.
  • the target area which the signal emitted from shock tube 30 must strike and ignite in order for the det ⁇ onator cap 10 to properly function is, in the illustrated embodiment, the limited area provided by the exposed igni ⁇ tion face end of pyrotechnic core 16a.
  • tube 30 is not aligned along the longitudinal axis of shell 12, for exam- pie, if tube 30 is curved at or near the signal-emitting end 30a thereof, the signal emitted from signal-emitting end 30a may not squarely strike pyrotechnic core 16a, but all or part of it may instead strike sheath 16b, thereby causing a misfire.
  • Isolation member 34 has a positioning region 44 described below which is designed to prevent such curving of tube 30 and consequent misfiring.
  • isolation member 34 is seen to be seated upon the ignition face end of sealer element 16 with discharge port 56 aligned with pyrotechnic core 16a. It will be noted that although generally sub ⁇ stantially cylindrical in shape, isolation member 34 ta ⁇ pers slightly inwardly in moving from the direction (Fig ⁇ ure 2C) of its input end 36 towards its output end 38.
  • a first section 34a of isolation member 34 has a taper angle ⁇ of, e.g., about 1 degree or less, and the longitudinally longer sec ⁇ ond section 34b has a slightly larger taper angle ⁇ of, e.g., from about 1 to 5 degrees.
  • This dual-tapered con ⁇ figuration facilitates both removing isolation member 34 from the mold in which it is formed and insertion of iso ⁇ lation member 34 into snug-fitting contact, for example, interference or force fit, with the interior of shell 12.
  • the taper angle ⁇ of the first section 34a of isolation member 34 is significantly smaller than the taper angle ⁇ of the longer, second section 34b of isolation member 34.
  • first section 34a provides a region of increased wall contact between isolation mem ⁇ ber 34 and the interior wall of shell 12, thereby elimi ⁇ nating or at least reducing the tendency of isolation mem ⁇ ber 34 to tilt out of longitudinal alignment.
  • the length (along the longitudinal axis of member 34) of first sec ⁇ tion 34a may be increased relative to the length of second section 34b to facilitate maintaining proper alignment of member 34 within shell 12.
  • isolation member 34 may be molded of a semi-conductive synthetic or ⁇ ganic polymeric material.
  • a suitable polymer may have carbon black or other conductive material mixed therein in order to render isolation member 34 electrical- ly semi-conductive.
  • the term "semi-conductive" is used herein in a broad sense.
  • isolation member 34 is seen to have a substantially cylindrical body and an input end 36 and an output end 38.
  • An interior passageway 40 (Figure 2C) is comprised of a positioning region 44 which opens to the input end 36 of isolation member 34, and a discharge port 56 which opens to the output end 38 of isolation member 34.
  • Interior passageway 40 is seen to be concentrically disposed about the longitudinal axis of isolation member 34 and extends therethrough from input end 36 to output end 38.
  • a signal-rupturable diaphragm 42 is disposed within interior passageway 40 and separates positioning region 44 from discharge port 56.
  • Positioning region 44 comprises entry segments 52a, 52b and 52c.
  • Entry segment 52a is an initial entry seg ⁇ ment which defines the mouth of positioning region 44
  • entry segment 52b is a second entry segment
  • entry segment 52c is a third entry segment.
  • a juncture 53 is formed between segments 52a and 52b. Juncture 53, togeth ⁇ er with an adjacent portion of entry segment 52a, serves as a shoulder 52 to receive a signal transmission line.
  • a juncture 54 is formed between entry segments 52b and 52c.
  • Positioning means comprise a plurality of shoulders (three in the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2C) comprised of shoulder 52 and stepped shoulders 46, 48. Shoulders 46 and 48 are separated by longitudinally extending stepped chamfers 50a, 50b which decrease in diameter as sensed moving from input end 36 towards output end 38.
  • Shoulders 52, 46 and 48 provide seats for signal transmission lines of different diameters (and strengths), e.g., shock tubes 30, 30' and 30'' (the latter two shown in phantom outline) as seen in Figure 1C. Shoulders 52, 46 and 48 serve to dispose the signal-emitting ends of such signal transmis- sion lines at a suitable set-off distance from the recep ⁇ tor charge 14.
  • the respective inside and outside diame ⁇ ters of the sizes of shock tube or other signal transmis ⁇ sion line and their respective loadings of reactive mate ⁇ rial are such that the different spacings between the end of receptor charge 14 and the signal-emitting ends (30a in the case of shock tube 30) of the signal transmission line are appropriate for reliable ignition of receptor charge 14 by the signal emitted from the particular size of sig ⁇ nal transmission line employed.
  • Positioning region 44 terminates at the signal-rup ⁇ turable diaphragm 42, which is attached to shoulder 48, as seen in Figures 2B and 2C.
  • Diaphragm 42 isolates the tar ⁇ get provided by receptor charge 14, which in the illus ⁇ trated embodiment is pyrotechnic core 16a, from electro ⁇ static discharge, which is diverted to shell 12 by isola ⁇ tion member 34 as described above, and prevents any dis- lodged reactive material 30d from accumulating on top of the inlet face of pyrotechnic core 16a, as is known in the art.
  • the signal emitted from shock tube 30 is sufficiently powerful to rupture diaphragm 42 so that the signal extends to the inlet face of pyrotech- nic core 16a.
  • the remaining portion of interior passage ⁇ way 40 is comprised of a discharge port 56 which is separ ⁇ ated from positioning region 44 by the diaphragm 42.
  • isolation member 34 has a plurality (four in the illu- strated embodiment) of exterior grooves 58 extending longitudinally along the exterior surface thereof. At their respective opposite ends, grooves 58 open to input radial grooves 58a and output radial grooves 58b ( Figures 2B and 2A, respectively).
  • exterior longitudi- nal grooves on the outer longitudinal surface of the iso ⁇ lation member is a known expedient in the art to facili ⁇ tate inserting the isolation member into the shell 12 of detonator cap 10, the fit of a member such as the iso ⁇ lation member 34 in shell 12 being a snug one.
  • the grooves extending longitudinally along the exterior sur ⁇ face provide a flow path for air to escape past the iso ⁇ lation member from the closed end 12a of shell 12 as the isolation member is force-fit inserted into the shell, thereby lessening both the resistance to smooth insertion of the isolation member and the possibility of the ex ⁇ pelled air rupturing diaphragm 42.
  • the extension of such grooves radially around both the input and output ends of the isolation member 34 by the provision of radial grooves 58a and 58b in the illustrated embodiment, provides an alternate flow path for an initiation signal that fails to rupture diaphragm 42.
  • the alternate flow path runs be ⁇ tween input end 36 and discharge port 56 of the isolation member exteriorly of the isolation member 34.
  • This alter ⁇ nate flow path also provides a vent flow path to relieve the pressure increase inside the detonator associated with ignition of the shock tube, thereby increasing reliability as discussed in detail in co-pending patent application Serial No. 08/327.204 "Alternate Signal Path Isolation Member and Non-Electric Detonator Cap Including the Same".
  • a signal has travelled along shock tube 30 and reaches signal-emitting end 30a, the energy and pressure pulse of the signal impinges upon diaphragm 42 of isolation member 34, rupturing the diaphragm.
  • the signal then is directed toward the target region of a receptor charge 14, which may comprise one or more elements and ex ⁇ plosive charges.
  • isolation member 34 is preferably made from a semi-conductive material, any static elec- tricity that builds up on shock tube 30 is shunted to the metallic shell 12 via isolation member 34, and is thus diverted away from the receptor charge to safely prevent premature, inadvertent detonations.
  • the reliability with which an in- itiation signal properly strikes the target region of the receptor charge 14 is, in some cases, affected by the way in which diaphragm 42 ruptures in response to the signal.
  • Research regarding the performance of isolation mem ⁇ bers comprising non-intersecting score lines, in accord- ance with the prior art, has shown that in some instances, the signal emitted by a shock tube and received by an iso ⁇ lation member severs the diaphragm from the isolation mem ⁇ ber about the periphery of the diaphragm. At least in some instances, the separated diaphragm, which typically resembles a disk, appears to deflect the initiation signal away from the central pyrotechnic core of the receptor charge 14.
  • the separated diaphragm may land upon and thereby shield the pyrotechnic core, e.g., core 16a of Figure 1A, from the initiation signal.
  • An isolation member according to one embodiment of the present invention has, as shown in Figure 2A, a dia ⁇ phragm that has diametric intersecting score lines 42a and 42b which intersect approximately at the center of dia- phragm 42.
  • diaphragm 42' has a rectangular pe- riphery with diagonally disposed score lines 42a' and 42b' that intersect at about the center of diaphragm 42'.
  • the diaphragm may have the peripheral configuration of a polygon other than a rectangle, e.g., a triangle, pentagon, etc.
  • the score lines emanate from the corners of the polygon, i.e., from apices defined by the intersection of adjacent straight-line segments of the polygonal periphery, toward a mutual intersection point approximately at the center of the diaphragm.
  • the re ⁇ sulting triangular flaps can flex along straight, hinge ⁇ like regions at the straight-line segments of the periph- ery to allow the initiation signal to pass therethrough without becoming detached from the body of the isolation member.
  • These straight line hinge segments will allow the triangular segments of the diaphragm to hinge open more easily than if the hinge lines are curved, thus allowing easier passage of the ignition pulse from 30a to 16a.
  • illustrated embodiments show straight score lines or grooves, e.g., 42a, 42b, this should not be con ⁇ sidered a limitation on the invention. Instead, the in- vention should be construed to encompass diaphragms having score lines that deviate from straight line segments, e.g., one or more score lines may have a curved configura ⁇ tion. Similarly, although it is preferred that the score lines emanate from the periphery of the diaphragm, it is not a necessary limitation on the invention.
  • an isolation member in accordance with the present invention may comprise a diaphragm having centrally intersecting score lines that emanate from the central intersection point toward the periphery of the diaphragm, but which terminate at a point or points on the diaphragm surface rather than at the periphery thereof.

Abstract

Elément isolant (34) pour amorce non électrique (10) de forme sensiblement cylindrique traversé par un passage intérieur (40) délimitant une zone de positionnement (44) et un orifice de décharge (56). La zone de positionnement (44) est dimensionnée et conçue pour recevoir de manière appropriée et retenir une ligne de transmission de signaux ou un tube à choc (30) et en orienter l'extrémité émettrice de signaux (30a) pour qu'elle atteigne en suivant l'axe longitudinal de l'amorce (10) et en traversant une membrane (42) une cible représentée par la charge réceptrice. L'élément isolant se place entre l'extrémité émettrice de signaux (30a) de la ligne de transmission (30) et la charge réceptrice (14) contenue dans l'amorce (10) dont elle assure la séparation. La membrane (42) présente des lignes de fragmentation se coupant au centre et en facilitant la rupture par le signal. Ladite membrane (42) peut présenter un pourtour circulaire ou polygonal (par exemple carré). L'élément isolant est de préférence fait d'un matériau semi-conducteur permettant d'évacuer sur la douille (12) les décharges d'électricité statique passant par la ligne de transmission ou le tube à choc (30) pour prévenir la mise à feu de la charge par ces mêmes décharges.
PCT/US1995/013093 1994-10-21 1995-10-13 Element isolant constituant une barriere statique amelioree et amorce non electrique le contenant WO1996012690A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU41303/96A AU4130396A (en) 1994-10-21 1995-10-13 Isolation member with improved static discharge barrier and non-electric detonator cap including the same

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US32718694A 1994-10-21 1994-10-21
US08/327,186 1994-10-21

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996012690A1 WO1996012690A1 (fr) 1996-05-02
WO1996012690B1 WO1996012690B1 (fr) 1996-06-20
WO1996012690A9 true WO1996012690A9 (fr) 1996-09-26

Family

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Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU4130396A (fr)
WO (1) WO1996012690A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA958350B (fr)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3469733A (en) * 1967-10-31 1969-09-30 Us Navy Rupture disc unit
US3567245A (en) * 1968-05-17 1971-03-02 Eaton Yale & Towne Vehicle safety apparatus
US3776135A (en) * 1972-06-29 1973-12-04 Hercules Inc Non-electric blasting cap assembly
US3981240A (en) * 1975-07-30 1976-09-21 The Ensign-Bickford Company Detonating cap assembly and connecting bushing
EP0040011B1 (fr) * 1980-05-09 1984-08-08 EMI Limited Dispositions pour l'allumage d'une charge pyrotechnique
CA1190435A (fr) * 1982-09-28 1985-07-16 William K. Webster Detonateur
US5031538A (en) * 1990-02-07 1991-07-16 The Ensign-Bickford Company Delay train ignition buffer

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