WO1996000881A1 - Procede et dispositif permettant de mesurer la geometrie d'un cordon de soudure - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif permettant de mesurer la geometrie d'un cordon de soudure Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996000881A1
WO1996000881A1 PCT/EP1994/002103 EP9402103W WO9600881A1 WO 1996000881 A1 WO1996000881 A1 WO 1996000881A1 EP 9402103 W EP9402103 W EP 9402103W WO 9600881 A1 WO9600881 A1 WO 9600881A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hall effect
effect sensor
magnets
seams
pressing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1994/002103
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bruno Von Wyl
Christiane Leister
Original Assignee
Leister Elektro-Gerätebau
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Leister Elektro-Gerätebau filed Critical Leister Elektro-Gerätebau
Priority to AU71250/94A priority Critical patent/AU7125094A/en
Priority to PCT/EP1994/002103 priority patent/WO1996000881A1/fr
Publication of WO1996000881A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996000881A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G01B7/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness
    • G01B7/10—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness using magnetic means, e.g. by measuring change of reluctance
    • G01B7/107—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness using magnetic means, e.g. by measuring change of reluctance for measuring objects while moving
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/103—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined direct heating both surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/26—Hot fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/82—Testing the joint
    • B29C65/8207—Testing the joint by mechanical methods
    • B29C65/8246—Pressure tests, e.g. hydrostatic pressure tests
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/23—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations
    • B29C66/232—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations said joint lines being multiple and parallel, i.e. the joint being formed by several parallel joint lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7373—Joining soiled or oxidised materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B29C66/8362—Rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/865—Independently movable welding apparatus, e.g. on wheels
    • B29C66/8652—Independently movable welding apparatus, e.g. on wheels being pushed by hand or being self-propelling
    • B29C66/86521—Independently movable welding apparatus, e.g. on wheels being pushed by hand or being self-propelling being self-propelling
    • B29C66/86523—Independently movable welding apparatus, e.g. on wheels being pushed by hand or being self-propelling being self-propelling the traction being made on the seam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/922—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/92311—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the displacement of the joining tools with special measurement means or methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/929—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges
    • B29C66/9292—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. pressure diagrams
    • B29C66/92921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. pressure diagrams in specific relation to time, e.g. pressure-time diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/954—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the thickness of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/967—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving special data inputs or special data outputs, e.g. for monitoring purposes
    • B29C66/9674—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving special data inputs or special data outputs, e.g. for monitoring purposes involving special data outputs, e.g. special data display means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/0037—Measuring of dimensions of welds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/735—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7352—Thickness, e.g. very thin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/822—Transmission mechanisms
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/939—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed characterised by specific speed values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/94—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/959—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 characterised by specific values or ranges of said specific variables
    • B29C66/9592—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 characterised by specific values or ranges of said specific variables in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. X-Y diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/961—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving a feedback loop mechanism, e.g. comparison with a desired value

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a measuring arrangement for measuring the weld geometry during the welding of lap seams, band seams, wire seams or application seams in weldable materials, which are heated by means of a hot air nozzle, H Jardinlu tkeils or a heating wedge and then joined together by means of pressure elements with a predetermined joining force.
  • weld geometry represents the essential factor for the quality and quality of a weld.
  • weld seam geometry is taken to mean the reduction in thickness in the seam area, which must be within a certain range (for example, PE-HD 0.2 to 0.8 mm).
  • a weld seam geometry (also called joining path) that is within the permissible range reflects an optimal interaction of the welding parameters temperature, pressure and speed, even with changing weather conditions during the welding process.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the problem of specifying a possibility that is immediate Measurement of the weld geometry allowed during the welding process.
  • the material is heated in a known manner when welding overlap seams, band seams, wire seams or application seams by means of a hot air nozzle, hot air wedge or a heating wedge and then joined by means of pressure, for example using opposing pressing elements, with a predetermined joining force .
  • the distance of the pressing elements is detected contactlessly by means of sensor elements and determined from the difference between the total material thickness of the unwelded webs and the distance of the pressing elements of the joining path as a measure of the quality of the weld seam.
  • the contactless detection of the distance between the pressure elements at the welding point results in an optimal and direct measurement, the results of which can be reacted to directly during the welding process.
  • the weld seam geometry is in the range required for sufficient quality.
  • the distance between the pressure elements can be detected contactlessly by optical or magnetic means or by means of ultrasound.
  • a Hall effect sensor is preferably used as the sensor element, the magnetic field for the Hall effect sensor being generated by means of two magnets, one of which is connected to a first pressure element and the second to a second pressure element, so that any change in the distance between the pressure elements also results in a change in the distance between the magnets causes.
  • the change in distance can be such that the one magnet is held in position while the other moves relative to it.
  • the two magnets it is also possible for the two magnets to move relative to one another.
  • the measured value is recorded by means of Hall effect sensors with magnets arranged in the area of each end face of two pressure rollers, and the arithmetic mean is determined from the recorded values. This can increase the accuracy of the joining path detection.
  • the measuring arrangement comprises a rigid with a first
  • Pressing element connected first magnet and a rigidly connected to a second opposing pressing element, which are arranged opposite to each other and generate a magnetic field between them, and a Hall effect sensor arranged in the magnetic field, which generates an electrical signal depending on the strength of the magnetic field and this Forwards further processing to an evaluation unit.
  • the pressing elements can, for example, be rotatably mounted in corresponding bearing elements
  • the magnets are expediently permanent magnets, since a uniform magnetic field generated by the magnets is required for the measurement. In principle, the same could also be achieved with more complex electromagnets.
  • the magnets are firmly connected to the respective pressure elements, such as bearing elements, on which the pressure rollers are rotatably mounted, so that any change in the distance of the pressure elements also causes a change in the distance of the magnets.
  • the magnets and the Hall effect sensor are firmly cast into the bearing elements in order to protect them from mechanical damage and vibration, with a smaller magnet, referred to as an auxiliary magnet, with the Hall effect sensor in one bearing element and the other magnet, referred to as the main magnet, is arranged in the other bearing element.
  • the distance between the Hall effect sensor and the auxiliary magnet is constant, which is essential for measuring the distance to the main magnet.
  • the distance between the main magnet and the Hall effect sensor is determined by the opening size of the pressure elements. Corresponding to the magnetic field strength of the main magnet received by the Hall effect sensor, this produces an analog output signal which indicates the distance between the pressing elements.
  • a Hall effect hybrid with the corresponding integrated electronic circuits is expediently used as the Hall effect sensor, so that an analog signal suitable for further processing is emitted.
  • This signal is evaluated in an evaluation unit, in which the total material thickness of the unwelded material was previously entered, and displayed accordingly.
  • the signal processing and evaluation takes place in a manner familiar to the person skilled in the art, in which, for example, the generated analog voltage from the measurement of the weld seam thickness is processed by means of analog operational amplifiers and is read in by an analog / digital converter of a microprocessor. A polynomial is calculated for the linearization of the signals and used in the calculation algorithm. The microprocessor then calculates the weld seam geometry (joining path) from the difference between the total material thickness and the weld seam thickness.
  • the magnets and the Hall effect sensor can be arranged at different locations.
  • the magnets and the Hall effect sensor can be arranged at different locations.
  • both pressing elements or only one pressing element can be designed to be movable in the direction of the material web.
  • the first magnet is arranged together with the Hall effect sensor on the upper pressing element and the second magnet on the lower pressing element.
  • This enables a simple structure of the arrangement with regard to electrical leads and mechanical stability.
  • it is expedient to design only one pressure element to be movable in the direction of the material web. It is therefore advantageous to arrange the Hall effect sensor in areas of the upper and thus also movable pressure element.
  • the first magnet designed as an auxiliary magnet, forms a fixed unit with the Hall effect sensor, so that the distance between the two is invariable and the unit is cast in the pressing element, protected from mechanical damage and vibrations.
  • the magnets with a Hall effect sensor are arranged on at least one end face of the pressing elements and thus on the side of the weld seam. This simplifies the mechanical structure of the pressure elements, for example the bearing elements of the pressure rollers, and the measuring arrangement.
  • the first magnet and the Hall effect sensor can thereby be cast in a sensor bar, which forms the axis of the pressure roller or is preferably arranged parallel to the pressure element.
  • the measuring arrangement is thus attached in a space-saving manner and in a cost-effective manner during production.
  • the arrangement also allows the arrangement of magnets with a Hall effect sensor on each of the two end faces of the pressing elements without great additional effort, so that the accuracy of the measurement can be increased.
  • the method designed according to the invention and the measuring arrangement have the advantage that they can be used for all weldable materials, such as PE, PVC, ECB, CSPE, EPDM, bitumen and the like in sheets or plates, and also for all types of weld seams.
  • the measuring arrangement designed according to the invention can be used in all welding machines, such as hot air, hot air wedge or hot wedge machines. The measurement with the measuring arrangement takes place directly on the melt, so that any errors can flow directly into the welding process.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional model of an overlap weld
  • Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of the heating system
  • Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of an automatic welding machine
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged perspective view of the
  • Figure 5 is a sectional view
  • Figure 6 is a block diagram showing the principle of evaluation.
  • Figure 7 is a measurement record of a welding process.
  • A denotes the thickness of the upper and lower material web
  • B the thickness of the weld seam
  • C the width of the test channel
  • D the width of the weld.
  • the upper material web 1 and the lower material web 2 are guided in the area of the overlap by means of a guide between the material webs
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment with an automatic hot-air welding machine 11 which has a control (not shown) with an evaluation unit in its housing 12.
  • a printer 13 for printing out measurement reports and a display 14 and a keyboard 15 for entering the data required for the smooth welding process, including the total material thickness of the unwelded material webs.
  • the housing 12 is fastened to a frame 16 which has a heating device 17 with a wedge-shaped hot air nozzle 18.
  • the upper bearing element 19 is movably held on the frame 16 so that the contact pressure of the roller can be adjusted.
  • the lower bearing element 20 is rigidly connected to the frame 16.
  • the upper bearing element 19 has a sensor bar 21 which is equipped with Hall effect sensors 22 (cf. FIG. 4) and auxiliary magnets 23.
  • the sensor bar 21 in Figure 3 is mounted in parallel in front of the pressure roller 5, so that the Hall effect sensors 22 between the auxiliary magnet 23 and in the lower one
  • Bearing element 20 attached main magnets 24 are arranged on the side of the end faces of the pressure rollers and on the side of the weld seam.
  • the pressure roller 5 and the sensor bar 21 are attached to the pendulum head 31 of the hot air welding machine 11.
  • the pendulum head ensures optimal, parallel distribution of the joining force on the two pressure rollers. With material tolerances of the sealing sheets or when welding a T-joint (welding a third material sheet onto two material sheets already welded together), the distribution of the joining force is parallel, but the thickness measurement of the outer and inner weld seam is different.
  • FIG. 4 shows an enlarged representation of the sensor bar 21 and the bearing element 20 with two main magnets 24, which are firmly integrated in the bearing element 20 designed as an aluminum casting.
  • the Hall effect sensors 22 are cast together with the corresponding auxiliary magnet 23 into the sensor bar 21, which is also designed as a cast aluminum part.
  • the Hall effect sensors 22 and the auxiliary magnets 23 form a unit, so that the distance between them is unchanged and permits safe operation of the device.
  • the Hall effect sensors are so-called Hall effect hybrids with the appropriate evaluation electronics.
  • the opening 25 serves to lead out the electrical cables. The distance and dimension of the magnets can be calculated and placed so that the magnetic fields cancel each other out. This enables a negative and positive measuring range. This measurement setup offers high accuracy and infinite resolution.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the exemplary embodiment.
  • the two Hall effect sensors 22 arranged in the sensor bar 21 with the auxiliary magnets 23 are arranged on the end face 26 of the upper pressure roller 5 and the main magnets 24 on the end faces 27 of the lower pressure roller 6.
  • the pressure rollers 5, 6 are designed so that the unwelded part remains for the test channel in the middle. In principle, two separate roles could also be provided for this.
  • the distance between the two pressure rollers indicated by the arrows gives the thickness dimension for the measurement, from which the joining path is then determined.
  • the distance between the main magnet 24 and the Hall effect sensors 22 is determined by the opening size of the pressure rollers. Common commercially available elements are used as Hall effect sensors and magnets.
  • FIG. 6 shows a basic block diagram with the Hall effect sensors 22, which are connected to an analog / digital converter 29 via a matching and amplifier circuit 28.
  • the analog-to-digital converter is part of a microprocessor 30 in which the signals from the sensors are evaluated, taking into account the values entered via the keyboard 15, by calculating the arithmetic mean from the two measurement results, then linearizing the signals and the joining path from the maximum material thickness minus the weld thickness is calculated and printed out via the printer 13.
  • Such a pressure protocol with a course curve of the weld can be seen as an example in FIG.
  • the pressure report gives the measuring range as well as the maximum and minimum values of the welding temperature
  • the material thickness, the ambient temperature and the seam length are also printed out. It is possible to print out further physical quantities as well as measurement and test results.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un système permettant de mesurer la géométrie de cordons de soudure, lors d'opérations de soudage à recouvrement ou à superposition en bande ou de soudures sous forme de bande ou de fil, réalisées sur des matériaux soudables qui sont chauffés à l'aide d'une buse ou d'une clavette à air chaud, ou d'une clavette de chauffage et sont ensuite réunis avec une force d'assemblage prédéfinie, à l'aide d'éléments de serrage. L'écart des éléments de serrage est détecté sans contact pendant l'assemblage, à l'aide d'éléments détecteurs, et la différence entre l'épaisseur totale des matériaux non soudés et l'écart des éléments de serrage permet de déterminer la course de jointure servant de critère de qualité du cordon de soudure. Des aimants faisant office d'éléments de serrage sont fixés de manière rigide aux éléments support de rouleaux de serrage et sont disposés de manière à ce qu'un champ magnétique soit produit entre eux. Dans ce champ magnétique se trouve un détecteur à effet Hall qui produit un signal électrique en fonction de l'intensité du champ magnétique et achemine ledit signal jusqu'à une unité d'évaluation où il est traité. Les aimants et le détecteur à effet Hall sont disposés de préférence dans la zone des faces de bout des éléments de serrage, l'aimant auxiliaire et le détecteur à effet Hall étant coulés dans un bloc détecteur. Ce procédé et ce système s'appliquent à tous les matériaux, les cordons de soudure et les appareils de soudage à air chaud, à clavette à air chaud ou à clavette de chauffage.
PCT/EP1994/002103 1994-06-28 1994-06-28 Procede et dispositif permettant de mesurer la geometrie d'un cordon de soudure WO1996000881A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU71250/94A AU7125094A (en) 1994-06-28 1994-06-28 Process and device for measuring weld seam geometry
PCT/EP1994/002103 WO1996000881A1 (fr) 1994-06-28 1994-06-28 Procede et dispositif permettant de mesurer la geometrie d'un cordon de soudure

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP1994/002103 WO1996000881A1 (fr) 1994-06-28 1994-06-28 Procede et dispositif permettant de mesurer la geometrie d'un cordon de soudure

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996000881A1 true WO1996000881A1 (fr) 1996-01-11

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PCT/EP1994/002103 WO1996000881A1 (fr) 1994-06-28 1994-06-28 Procede et dispositif permettant de mesurer la geometrie d'un cordon de soudure

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WO (1) WO1996000881A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996014202A2 (fr) * 1994-11-07 1996-05-17 Walter Herrmann Ultraschalltechnik Gmbh Procede et dispositif d'usinage en continu par ultrasons d'une bande de materiau
DE102010036508A1 (de) 2010-07-20 2012-01-26 Koki Technik Transmission Systems Gmbh Verfahren zur Ermittlung einer Geometrie einer Schweissnaht
EP4008527A1 (fr) * 2020-12-07 2022-06-08 Herz Austria Gesellschaft m.b.H Dispositif de soudage

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3826701A (en) * 1972-10-31 1974-07-30 Us Army Controllable heat sealing process for optimum seal strength
DE7404530U (de) * 1974-09-19 Pfaff Gmbh Schweiß vorrichtung
DE9012841U1 (de) * 1990-09-08 1990-11-15 G.M. Pfaff Ag, 6750 Kaiserslautern Schweißmaschine mit einer Aufzeichnungsvorrichtung für Schweißparameterdaten
DE4104460C1 (fr) * 1991-02-14 1992-08-20 Agfa-Gevaert Ag, 5090 Leverkusen, De
DE4230882A1 (de) * 1992-09-16 1994-03-17 Pfaff Ag G M Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines Schweißvorganges bei thermoplastischen Materialbahnen

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7404530U (de) * 1974-09-19 Pfaff Gmbh Schweiß vorrichtung
US3826701A (en) * 1972-10-31 1974-07-30 Us Army Controllable heat sealing process for optimum seal strength
DE9012841U1 (de) * 1990-09-08 1990-11-15 G.M. Pfaff Ag, 6750 Kaiserslautern Schweißmaschine mit einer Aufzeichnungsvorrichtung für Schweißparameterdaten
DE4104460C1 (fr) * 1991-02-14 1992-08-20 Agfa-Gevaert Ag, 5090 Leverkusen, De
DE4230882A1 (de) * 1992-09-16 1994-03-17 Pfaff Ag G M Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines Schweißvorganges bei thermoplastischen Materialbahnen

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996014202A2 (fr) * 1994-11-07 1996-05-17 Walter Herrmann Ultraschalltechnik Gmbh Procede et dispositif d'usinage en continu par ultrasons d'une bande de materiau
WO1996014202A3 (fr) * 1994-11-07 1996-07-04 Walter Herrmann Ultraschalltec Procede et dispositif d'usinage en continu par ultrasons d'une bande de materiau
DE102010036508A1 (de) 2010-07-20 2012-01-26 Koki Technik Transmission Systems Gmbh Verfahren zur Ermittlung einer Geometrie einer Schweissnaht
EP4008527A1 (fr) * 2020-12-07 2022-06-08 Herz Austria Gesellschaft m.b.H Dispositif de soudage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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