WO1995033903A1

WO1995033903A1 - Preformed element

Info

Publication number: WO1995033903A1
Application number: PCT/SE1995/000690
Authority: WO
Inventors: Göran NERGÅRDEN
Original assignee: Nergaarden Goeran
Priority date: 1994-06-09
Filing date: 1995-06-08
Publication date: 1995-12-14
Also published as: SE9402009L; AU2688595A; SE504190C2; SE9402009D0; DE19580617T1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a prefabricated supporting external wall element (1) or infill wall element consisting of concrete, light clinker or similar material and having pairs of beams (2, 3) retained at a mutual distance (A) from one another viewed in a vertical sense, with force-absorbing stiffening uprights (4) extending between the beams (2, 3) and thermal moulded-on insulation (5) accommodated in spaces (6) between the beams (2, 3) and the uprights (4). The internal thermal insulation, which consists of cellular plastic, mineral wool or some other suitable fibre material, is freely accessible in a direction from the outward-facing side of the element to permit subsequent coverage of the surface layer on-site, or a thin bearer (9) can be supported along the outward-facing surface of the element, comprising a surface coating (8) consisting of either plaster, fibre-reinforced cement, glass fibre-reinforced cement plaster, minerit® or some other suitable surface coating that can be applied to the bearer prior to delivery to the site or can be applied to the bearer subsequently.

Description

Preformed element

The present invention relates to a prefabricated supporting external wall element or infill wall element consisting of concrete, light clinker or similar material and having pairs of beams retained at a mutual distance from one another viewed in a vertical sense, with force-absorbing stiffening uprights extending between the beams and thermal moulded-on insulation accommodated in the spaces between the beams and the upright.

Previously disclosed in SE,B,368 846 and SE,B,464 477 respectively are building elements in accordance with the introduction to Claim 1 of the present application, which exhibit a web-shaped rib of considerable thickness for the purpose of being able to conduct the load down from an upper surface to a subjacent support surface. The weight of each of the aforementioned elements is thus considerable, which causes problems in connection with their handling. The consumption of concrete or some other pourable material from which the element is produced is also high, resulting in high costs.

The principal object of the present invention is thus, in the first instance, to make available wall elements in accordance with those referred to above which are light, with regard both to their handling and to the wight and quantity of concrete, etc. , used, but whose function still enables them to be used as external wall elements, without collapsing under the associated loads to which they are subjected, and to achieve good thermal insulation and to be able to produce a fine and effective surface covering of the element and the external walls constructed from it.

Said object is achieved by means of an element in accordance with the present invention, which is characterized essentially in that the internal thermal insulation, which consists of cellular plastic, mineral wool or some other suitable fibre material, is freely accessible in a direction from the outward-facing side of the element to permit subsequent coverage of the surface layer on-site, or in that a thin bearer can be supported along the outward-facing surface of the element, comprising a surface coating consisting of either plaster, fibre- reinforced cement, glass fibre-reinforced cement plaster, minerit^® or some other suitable surface coating that can be applied to the bearer prior to delivery to the site or can be applied to the bearer subsequently.

The invention is described in greater detail below as a number of preferred illustrative embodiments, in conjunction with which reference is made to the accompanying drawings, where:

Fig. 1 shows a cross-section through a building wall comprising elements in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 2 shows a plan section of elements which meet one another and are joined together in a corner area of a building wall;

Fig. 3 shows a plan section of elements which meet one another and are joined together in a common plane;

Fig. 4 shows a view from above of the connecting point of a corner area;

Fig. 5 shows a side view from the inside of a building element in accordance with the invention;

Fig. 6 shows a schematic perspective view of an element in accordance with the invention, in this case with the thermal insulation omitted;

Fig. 7 shows a cross-section through a part of an element in accordance with the invention; and

Fig. 8 shows a plan section of a corner area of a building wall in accordance with a variant of the building element construction.

Intended in accordance with the present invention is a prefabricated supporting external wall element 1, which is so arranged as to be set up to support a load F or arranged to function as an infill wall element, and which consists of concrete, light clinker or some other suitable pourable material. Said element 1 has pairs of beams 2, 3 retained at a mutual distance A from one another viewed in a vertical sense, with force-absorbing stiffening uprights 4 extending between the beams 2, 3 and thermal moulded-on insulation 5 accommodated in and attached to surrounding surfaces on the beams and uprights 2, 3 4 in spaces 6 between the beams 2, 3 and the upright 4. In conjunction with this, a thin bearer 7 can be supported along the outward-facing surface of the element, comprising a surface coating 8 consisting of either plaster, fibre-reinforced cement, glass fibre- reinforced cement plaster, minerit^® or some other suitable surface coating that is applied either in conjunction with casting or subsequently on the building site after setting up on a thin sheet 9.

The aforementioned surface coating 8 is applied to reinforcement 10, which can be integrated with or attached to the outside of the aforementioned thin facade sheet, comprising a mesh of plastic and/or metal material.

In conjunction with this the plaster, etc., 8 can be applied to the reinforcement 10 or the sheet 9 by spraying or brushing. The stiffening uprights 4 extend laterally 11 across the depth B of the element for a shorter distance C than that for which the beams 2, 3 extend, and a sheet 5 of cast-on insulation consisting of cellular plastic, mineral wool or ecological fibres, etc., in the respective space 6 in the element 1, between pairs of uprights 4 and opposing cast beams, which may contain reinforcement 12, forms a mould body in conjunction with the process of casting the element 1. A further sheet 13 of insulation positioned internally around the aforementioned enclosed insulation 5, which is bounded externally by the thin sheet 9 and an upright 4 and beams 2, 3, is attached to the element 1 for the purpose of, amongst other things, preventing cold bridges along these opposing surfaces. Illustrated in Fig. 8 is a special element 1 ' which is suitable for application in tall buildings and is available with an internal surface coating 14 that is finish plastered. A wall section 15 of this kind exhibiting an inward-facing surface coating 14, which has an upright 4 and beams 2, 3 as described above, is assembled in such a way that it faces away when connected or is loosely assembled with an element 1 in accordance with the above, which exhibits an outward-facing 29 surface coating 8, to form a double wall element 1'. In this case the upright 4 for the respective connected wall section 15 and the element 1 are preferably displaced laterally from one another by a certain distance D viewed along the covered plane 16, 17 of the element 1 and the wall section 15. The aforementioned inward-facing surface coating of the formed element 1' is formed by a thin finished sheet 18 in accordance with the aforementioned sheet 9, which is rigidly moulded as a thin mould base for the element 1.

An alternative embodiment of the invention not shown in the drawings involves the cast-on thermal insulation, consisting of cellular plastic, mineral wool or some other suitable fibre material accommodated internally within the aforementioned prefabricated element, being freely accessible in a direction away from the outward- facing side of the element in order to permit the subsequent covering of the appropriate surface layer at the intended building side. For example, plaster of an appropriate kind can effectively be applied simply and efficiently to the outward-facing surface of the insulating material, avoiding joins between elements installed in a row by applying the plaster in a single continuous operation over the whole of the outside of the constructed building. Alternatively a panel, for example consisting of wood or some other suitable material, can be attached externally to the elements directly over the aforementioned insulating material. It is possible in this case to arrange, internally within the elements, a sheet of concrete or some other pourable material, a mesh of metal between layers of cast-on thermal insulation as described above, or some other suitable internally dividing partition wall if one wishes to stiffen the elements.

The side walls of an element 1 in accordance with the invention are themselves formed by uprights 4, which exhibit means 19 of a previously disclosed kind, for example recesses to accommodate fixing cement 20 in the assembled position, to permit the connection of elements 1, 1*^* to one another in set-up positions along a common plane or at an angle in relation to one another; see Fig. 3 and Fig. 2 as examples.

In order to obtain further stabilization and to withstand lateral forces in the element 1, 1' , a number of lateral, for example horizontal, stiffening beams, which are not shown in the drawings, however, can be arranged attached to a number, and preferably all, of the uprights 4.

An element 1, 1 ' in accordance with the invention thus exhibits the function and construction of a lattice girder or frame, which is a major innovation with regard to external wall elements that are cast in a single continuous operation to produce an integrated, force- concentrating unit where an external surface coating is applied to an outer, thin external sheet 9, which does not have the effect of reducing the forces, and which also does not permit any arising torsional and sliding forces to be withstood, but functions simply as a plaster substrate.

Laterally stabilizing stays 21, 22 may possibly be present inside the element 1 to provide stiffening and to prevent the element 1 from collapsing, which stays may be rigidly cast with the uprights 4, especially if the element 1 exhibits an opening 23 for windows and doors.

A finished element, which may exhibit the dimensions 5 x 2.6 m, weighs approx. 1.6 tonnes, which must be compared with the weight of approx. 2.7 tonnes of a previously disclosed element in accordance with the introduction.

An element 1, 1' in accordance with one illustrative embodiment thus exhibits a thin plaster- bearing sheet 9, of approx. 1-1.5 mm in thickness, unlike previously disclosed elements which have a rib of approx. 5 cm in thickness. The aforementioned plaster-bearing sheet may alternatively be produced for the building on-site in accordance with the alternative illustrative embodiment of external wall elements in accordance with the present invention. The aforementioned outer sheet can also be omitted entirely, depending on what external cladding is applied, for example when wooden panels are attached externally.

Internal cladding 24, e.g. plasterboard or particleboard sheets, can be attached to rails 25 attached to uprights 4 via interjacent insulation 13, in conjunction with which an installation gap 26 suitable for electrical installation, for example, is formed against the insulation 13.

Separate insulation 27, for example cellular plastic, can also be attached to beams 2, 3 and/or uprights in order to reduce the cold bridge effect.

Mounting plates 28 may be present at the upper and lower ends of the elements, for example for welding together or alternatively screwing together elements 1, and also for holding together the elements 1. The invention is not restricted to the illustrative embodiments described above, however, but may be varied within the scope of the Patent Claims without departing from the idea of invention. For example, a protective covering of bricks may be arranged outside the element in question.

Claims

N15 P1PCT LG/KOEP a t e n t C l a i m s

1. Prefabricated supporting external wall element (1, 1') or infill wall element consisting of concrete, light clinker or similar material and having pairs of beams (2, 3) retained at a mutual distance (A) from one another viewed in a vertical sense, with force- absorbing stiffening uprights (4) extending between the beams (2, 3) and thermal moulded-on insulation (5) accommodated in spaces (6) between the beams (2, 3) and the upright (4) , characterized in that the internal thermal insulation, which consists of cellular plastic, mineral wool or some other suitable fibre material, is freely accessible in a direction from the outward-facing side of the element to permit subsequent coverage of the surface layer on-site, or in that a thin bearer (9) can be supported along the outward-facing surface of the element, comprising a surface coating (8) consisting of either plaster, fibre-reinforced cement, glass fibre-reinforced cement plaster, minerit^® or some other suitable facade covering (8) that can be applied to the bearer prior to delivery to the building site or can be applied to the bearer subsequently.

2. Element as claimed in Patent Claim 1, characterized in that the surface coating (8) is applied to reinforcement (10) consisting of a mesh made of plastic and/or metal material.

3. Element as claimed in Patent Claim 2, characterized in that the plaster (8) is applied to the reinforcement (10) by spraying or brushing.

4. Element as claimed in any of the above Patent Claims, characterized in that the stiffening uprights (4) extend laterally (11) across the depth (B) of the element for a shorter distance (C) than that for which the beams (2, 3) extend.

5. Element as claimed in Patent Claim 4, characterized in that an insulating sheet (5) is so arranged as to fill completely the space (6) between pairs of uprights (4) and opposing beams (2, 3) with an additional sheet (13) of insulation attached internally around them.

6. Element as claimed in one of the Patent Claims 1-5, characterized in that a wall section (15) with an inward-facing surface coating (14), which has uprights (4) and beams (2, 3), is connected in such a way that it faces away from an element (1) in accordance with the above, which exhibits an outward-facing (29) surface coating (8), to form a double wall element (1').

7. Element as claimed in Patent Claim 6, characterized in that uprights (4) for the respective connected wall section (15) and elements (1) are preferably displaced laterally from one another viewed along the covering plane (16, 17) of the element (1) and the wall section (15).

8. Element as claimed in Patent Claim 7, characterized in that the inward-facing surface coating of the wall section is formed by a thin finished sheet (18).

9. Element as claimed in any of the above Patent Claims, characterized in that side walls (4) of the element (1) are formed by uprights, which exhibit means (19) to permit the connection of elements (1) to one another in set-up positions along a common plane or at an angle in relation to one another.

10. Element as claimed in any of the above Patent Claims, characterized in that horizontal stiffening beams extend between the uprights.