WO1994030032A1 - Four de fusion et d'affinage a micro-ondes - Google Patents
Four de fusion et d'affinage a micro-ondes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994030032A1 WO1994030032A1 PCT/FR1994/000684 FR9400684W WO9430032A1 WO 1994030032 A1 WO1994030032 A1 WO 1994030032A1 FR 9400684 W FR9400684 W FR 9400684W WO 9430032 A1 WO9430032 A1 WO 9430032A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- guide
- waveguide
- oven
- pot
- products
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/80—Apparatus for specific applications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
- C03B5/023—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating by microwave heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2206/00—Aspects relating to heating by electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields covered by group H05B6/00
- H05B2206/04—Heating using microwaves
- H05B2206/045—Microwave disinfection, sterilization, destruction of waste...
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S588/00—Hazardous or toxic waste destruction or containment
- Y10S588/90—Apparatus
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a microwave melting and refining furnace for the treatment of solid products and products in solution.
- a French patent application FR-A-2671 392 describes a microwave melting furnace for treating fluid products, such as industrial waste.
- This oven comprises an upper oven body, a lower oven body, means for supplying the products to be treated arranged in the upper oven body and a crucible arranged in the lower oven body.
- this furnace comprises means for detecting the position of the upper level of the material to be treated sent into the crucible and a control member for stopping the means for bringing the products to be treated by a detection signal from detection means.
- This furnace allows the thermal treatment of waste by drying, calcination and fusion, but it does not make it possible to control the effective obtaining of the fusion of the treated waste. It may be necessary to treat a product with this device without it being fusible; this device does not systematically behave like a melting furnace. This configuration does not guarantee complete degassing of the products due to the lack of control of the state of the material.
- the device described compels the operators to operate in stages with the microwave power stopped. Such a discontinuous method can result in the creation of layers of processed product and therefore the production of non-homogeneous and non-monolithic packages. In addition, this main treatment does not allow the refining of products. Finally, level control of this device does not make it possible to continuously check the filling of the element for receiving the treated materials.
- the oven has the same operating drawbacks as the oven described in patent application FR-A-2 671 392.
- a French patent application FR-A-2 674 939 describes a microwave melting furnace for vitrification and for the densification of materials.
- This oven is equipped with two vertical parts respectively surmounted by a power supply and a wave reflector pad.
- the two vertical parts are connected by a horizontal melting tank.
- the materials to be melted and the microwaves are introduced through the first vertical part.
- the melting tank has a constant section thanks to a horizontal upper wall, to favor the distribution of the power of the microwaves on the surface of the melting bath.
- the second part can be provided with a piston allowing the regulation of the return of the non absorbed microwaves.
- This melting furnace does not make it possible to refine the products melted by the action of the electromagnetic field of the microwaves.
- the products which flow undergo a thermal quenching by default of a device for receiving and refining at controlled temperature of the molten products. Thermal quenching affects the quality of the final product (bursting of the fusion products, inability to recrystallize them, etc.).
- the vertical parts which give the waveguide a curved U or J shape are equipped with refrigerated double envelopes so that when treating wastes rich in volatile elements (generally chlorides contained mainly in industrial wastes) these elements vaporized in the oven during processing, crystallize on the cold walls of the oven.
- the furnace is supplied with power through an orifice placed on one of the upper parts of the waveguide.
- Such an arrangement involves routing the material through an entire vertical part of the waveguide so that the tuning of the standing wave is constantly modified by the transfer of material. The distance traveled by matter is greater than the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. This results in malfunctions of the microwave generator.
- the molten material is poured through a hole large enough to allow the action of microwaves on the materials which flow from it; this implies a microwave leak outside the waveguide and jeopardizes the safety around the installation. This feature does not prevent thermal quenching of the fusion products.
- the permanent retention of a volume of materials in the lower part of the oven can be penalizing in the case of the treatment of radioactive waste which thus constitutes a source of annoying radiation.
- the object of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in these devices of the prior art, while allowing the refining of the molten products.
- a microwave melting and refining oven for the treatment of products in solution or of solid products, comprising a waveguide, in inclined slope relative to the horizontal, traversed by a beam of microwave radiation generated by a generator coupled to a first end of the guide, this waveguide having at its upper part close to its first end and opposite the bottom wall inclined downward, an orifice material supply, characterized in that this guide comprises in its lower part close to its second end, an overflow lock of variable height which makes it possible to define a volume of retention of the materials, which have been gradually melted by continuous flow on along the bottom wall of the guide from the point where they are received in the guide.
- the flow of materials and the flow of microwaves take place in the same direction within the waveguide, which results in maximum efficiency of the oven.
- This design of the waveguide allows continuous drying, calcination, fusion and then refining operations on solid and liquid waste by means of a waveguide of original design connected to a single microwave source.
- This design of the furnace guarantees the formation of a liquid phase corresponding to the melting of waste by the establishment, in the waveguide, of a melting chamber whose retention volume can be variable.
- the guide has in its upper part close to its second end, a vapor and gas extraction duct and in its lower part a cooling circuit so as to avoid internal corrosion of the wall of the guide under the action of molten products.
- the lower part of the guide located after the overflow lock has the shape of an elbow allowing the axis of the wave guide to be brought back to the vertical position.
- the melting furnace advantageously comprises a second waveguide joined to the first by leaktight adjustment, allowing refining of the molten materials. This adjustment is made using a flange.
- This second waveguide is formed by a pot for receiving and refining the fusion products constituting the terminal part of the furnace which contains a refractory crucible.
- a cooling circuit is arranged around this second waveguide.
- the melting furnace of the invention therefore makes it possible to continuously produce monolithic blocks of refined glass or of ceramic glass by placing a pot for receiving and refining the fusion products constituting the end of the guide. 'waves.
- the receiving pot is brought into contact with the lower part of the first element of the oven by means of a flange whose two parts are perfectly surfaced and whose adjustment allows sufficient sealing to prevent microwave leakage, the contact of the two elements of the flange being effected by means of a spring exerting a vertical force oriented upwards, placed under the refining pot, the force exerted greater than the sum of the weight of the empty refining pot and that of the fusion products filling the pot and of the force necessary to obtain the seal at the flange, a jack making it possible to compress the spring in order to - release the receiving container and allow it to be replaced after it has been filled.
- the force exerted by the spring is read by a reading device connected to a force sensor placed between the spring and the receiving pot so as to constantly control the filling of the latter.
- Such a system makes it possible to continuously monitor the filling level of the pot receiving the fusion products, by means of force sensors.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a microwave melting and refining oven according to the invention
- FIG. 1 illustrates a product recovery system in the oven of the invention as shown in Figure 1.
- the invention relates to a microwave melting and refining furnace for continuously or batchwise processing mineral products in solution or powdery solid products. These products can be, for example, industrial waste or nuclear waste.
- the oven 10 is composed of two waveguide elements joined 11 and 12 by a sealed flange 13. Each element is traversed by a beam 14 of microwave radiation generated by a microwave generator 15 placed upstream of the oven.
- Each element 11, 12 of different design makes it possible to carry out operations which are specific to it.
- the first element 11 of the melting furnace 10 is composed of an inclined waveguide having a uniform or non-uniform slope forming an angle ⁇ preferably situated between 10 ° and 45 ° relative to the horizontal.
- the upper part of this guide is equipped with a supply orifice or nozzle 17.
- the product to be treated 18 is introduced into the first element of the furnace using, for example, an archimedean screw. 'it is a solid product or using a pump if it is a liquid.
- the section of this waveguide can be rectangular square or round. The product introduced by gravity into this element of the oven crosses the section of the waveguide.
- This type of feeding avoids clogging of the feeding, caused by drying or calcination of the products.
- the path of the material by continuous flow along the sloping lower wall of the guide from the point of reception of the products in the guide, does not disturb the agreement of the incident wave given the short transfer distance .
- the product introduced continuously or discontinuously undergoes heating, specific to its dielectric characteristics, by alternating rotations of its molecules under the effect of the magnetic field of the microwave radiation. According to the characteristics of the product, its heating causes its drying if it is wet, its possible calcination and its fusion.
- the inclination of the waveguide in which the treated product is received allows a continuous flow 16 of the gradually melted products from the reception point to a retention volume 21 due to an overflow lock 20, of height adjustable by the intermediate of a screw 27, and which is placed near the end of the first element 11 of the furnace by means of a flange 9.
- the flow on the inclined plane makes it possible to carry out a continuous and progressive melting in a thin layer optimizing absorption of microwave radiation and ensuring complete degassing of combustion products.
- the retention volume 21 is defined by the height of the overflow lock.
- the variation of the retention volume 21 of the molten products and therefore of their free surface makes it possible to regulate the quantity of energy intended for refining.
- This amount of energy corresponds to the energy not absorbed by the molten product present in the retention of the first element of the furnace. Unabsorbed energy is directed to the second element of the melting furnace.
- the lower end in the shape of an elbow, bringing the axis of this waveguide to a vertical position, is equipped on the upper wall with a chimney 22 allowing the extraction of vapors and gases 23.
- the lower wall of this first inclined element comprises, between the reception of the products and the connection flange to the second element, a cooling circuit 24 making it possible to avoid internal corrosion of this wall, under the action of the molten products.
- This circuit 24 has an inlet 25 and an outlet 26 for pressurized coolant.
- the second element 12 of the melting furnace is composed of a waveguide formed by a pot 28 for receiving and refining the melting products constituting the terminal part of the furnace.
- This receiving pot may optionally contain a refractory crucible 29.
- a cooling circuit 32 which includes an inlet 30 and an outlet 31 for coolant is placed around this pot 28.
- this second element is to receive the molten products flowing by gravity to refine them more or less quickly, depending on the viscosity of the products and thus avoid the presence of micro-bubbles. It also makes it possible to transform the amorphous structure of the products into a crystalline structure, by means of the addition of nucleating agents.
- This refining consists in maintaining the product in the liquid state after it has melted and then in cooling it gradually. This operation is carried out by means of microwave energy not absorbed in the first element of the oven. The continuous flow of material received in the pot terminating the furnace defines the time for product refining. Refining is carried out gradually in a thin layer.
- This waste is composed of simulated ash from the incineration of waste obtained in nuclear technology. The following elements are found in mass percentage:
- This waste is treated at a rate of 3 kg / h under an incident power of 5 kw / H (at the generator).
- the castings of molten products are obtained for viscosities lower than 200 poises, and at a temperature of 1100 ° C.
- Waste N ° 3 II comes from the insolubilization of heavy metals. It is composed of a chemical mud whose solid elements are the following:
- FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D represent a system for recovering molten products in which the pot 28 for receiving the molten products is secured by tight fitting on the lower part of the first element 11 of the oven 10. After filling, the pot 28 reception is replaced (35) by another pot by a ride not shown in the figures, in a manner known to those skilled in the art. Such a system allows continuous monitoring of the level of molten products.
- the receiving pot 28 is brought into contact with the lower part of the first element 11 of the oven 10 by means of the flange 13, the two parts of which are perfectly surfaced and the adjustment of which allows sufficient sealing to prevent microwave leaks. .
- the contact between the two elements of the flange is effected by means of a spring 37, exerting a vertical force oriented upwards placed under the refining pot.
- the force exerted is greater than the sum of the weight of the empty refining pot, and that of the fusion products filling the pot and the force necessary to obtain the seal at the flange.
- a jack 36 makes it possible to compress the spring in order to release the receiving pot and allow it to be replaced.
- the force exerted by the spring is read by a reading device 38 connected to a force sensor 39 placed under the spring or under the lower part of the contact flange.
- the force sensor initially measures the total force applied to the empty assembly. A calibration is then carried out, then, as filling is carried out, the reduction in the component is checked: force applied by the spring, weight of the assembly. This change is proportional to the weight of the molten product. It is thus possible to permanently control the filling of the refining pot.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP7501417A JPH08500208A (ja) | 1993-06-11 | 1994-06-09 | マイクロ波溶解精練炉 |
EP94918903A EP0657088A1 (fr) | 1993-06-11 | 1994-06-09 | Four de fusion et d'affinage a micro-ondes |
US08/379,570 US5597504A (en) | 1993-06-11 | 1994-06-09 | Microwave refining and melting furnace |
SK153-95A SK15395A3 (sk) | 1993-06-11 | 1994-06-09 | Mikrovlnná taviaca a rafinačná pec |
KR1019950700534A KR950703268A (ko) | 1993-06-11 | 1994-06-09 | 전자파 정화 및 용융로 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR93/07056 | 1993-06-11 | ||
FR9307056A FR2706596B1 (fr) | 1993-06-11 | 1993-06-11 | Four de fusion et d'affinage à micro-ondes. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994030032A1 true WO1994030032A1 (fr) | 1994-12-22 |
Family
ID=9448035
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1994/000684 WO1994030032A1 (fr) | 1993-06-11 | 1994-06-09 | Four de fusion et d'affinage a micro-ondes |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5597504A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0657088A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH08500208A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR950703268A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2142299A1 (fr) |
CZ (1) | CZ35495A3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2706596B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1994030032A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2747672B1 (fr) * | 1996-04-23 | 1998-05-15 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et four de fusion homogene par micro-ondes a oscillation d'ondes stationnaires pour la vitrification de materiaux |
US6909075B2 (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2005-06-21 | Leroy Eclat Ag | Method and apparatus for heat treatment of raw materials |
US20050211702A1 (en) * | 2004-03-29 | 2005-09-29 | Dennis Tool Company | Crucibles for a microwave sintering furnace |
DE102009025905A1 (de) * | 2008-06-10 | 2010-02-11 | Matthias Fraass | Hochleistungsschmelzverfahren für die Glasherstellung als High-Efficieny-Glas-Melter-Verfahren (HEGM-Verfahren) und dazugehörige Anlage zur Glasherstellung |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS57198916A (en) * | 1981-06-01 | 1982-12-06 | Nippon Atom Ind Group Co Ltd | Incinerating and volume decreasing equipment for waste sludge |
JPS6249295A (ja) * | 1985-08-28 | 1987-03-03 | 株式会社東芝 | 真空蒸留装置 |
EP0499493A1 (fr) * | 1991-01-14 | 1992-08-19 | GTI ENVIRONNEMENT SA (Générale de Technologies d' Inertage) | Procédé et installation d'incinération de déchets |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3611582A (en) * | 1969-11-07 | 1971-10-12 | Canadian Patents Dev | Microwave package for control of moisture content and insect infestations of grain |
US4423303A (en) * | 1980-05-06 | 1983-12-27 | Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus for treating powdery materials utilizing microwave plasma |
US4592291A (en) * | 1985-03-11 | 1986-06-03 | Red Fox Industries, Inc. | Sewage treatment method and apparatus |
JPH0695155B2 (ja) * | 1990-03-15 | 1994-11-24 | 動力炉・核燃料開発事業団 | 高放射性廃棄物の処理方法 |
FR2674939B1 (fr) * | 1991-04-03 | 1993-07-30 | Tech Nles Ste Gle | Four de fusion a micro-ondes pour la vitrification de materiaux. |
-
1993
- 1993-06-11 FR FR9307056A patent/FR2706596B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-06-09 JP JP7501417A patent/JPH08500208A/ja active Pending
- 1994-06-09 US US08/379,570 patent/US5597504A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-06-09 CA CA002142299A patent/CA2142299A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1994-06-09 WO PCT/FR1994/000684 patent/WO1994030032A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-06-09 EP EP94918903A patent/EP0657088A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-06-09 KR KR1019950700534A patent/KR950703268A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-06-09 CZ CZ95354A patent/CZ35495A3/cs unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS57198916A (en) * | 1981-06-01 | 1982-12-06 | Nippon Atom Ind Group Co Ltd | Incinerating and volume decreasing equipment for waste sludge |
JPS6249295A (ja) * | 1985-08-28 | 1987-03-03 | 株式会社東芝 | 真空蒸留装置 |
EP0499493A1 (fr) * | 1991-01-14 | 1992-08-19 | GTI ENVIRONNEMENT SA (Générale de Technologies d' Inertage) | Procédé et installation d'incinération de déchets |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
JAPANESE PATENTS GAZETTE Week 8714, 3 March 1987 Derwent World Patents Index; AN 87-099306 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 7, no. 50 (M - 197) 26 February 1983 (1983-02-26) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR950703268A (ko) | 1995-08-23 |
EP0657088A1 (fr) | 1995-06-14 |
JPH08500208A (ja) | 1996-01-09 |
CA2142299A1 (fr) | 1994-12-22 |
CZ35495A3 (en) | 1995-11-15 |
US5597504A (en) | 1997-01-28 |
FR2706596B1 (fr) | 1995-07-13 |
FR2706596A1 (fr) | 1994-12-23 |
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