WO1988003517A1 - Procede et appareil de production d'un stratifie - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de production d'un stratifie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988003517A1
WO1988003517A1 PCT/AU1987/000364 AU8700364W WO8803517A1 WO 1988003517 A1 WO1988003517 A1 WO 1988003517A1 AU 8700364 W AU8700364 W AU 8700364W WO 8803517 A1 WO8803517 A1 WO 8803517A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
webs
zone
laminating
laminate
electromagnetic energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1987/000364
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Colin Maxwell Finch
Original Assignee
Colin Maxwell Finch
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Colin Maxwell Finch filed Critical Colin Maxwell Finch
Publication of WO1988003517A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988003517A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10816—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing
    • B32B17/10871—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing in combination with particular heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10816—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing
    • B32B17/10825—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts
    • B32B17/10862—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts using pressing-rolls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process and apparatus for the production of a laminate and relates particularly, but not exclusively, to a process and apparatus for the continuous production of a laminate such as of glass.
  • the critical parameters in the bonding process are: glass cleanliness, including remnant surface deposits of " chemicals from any washing process; lack of surface moisture; moisture contents in the interleaved material; uniform applied pressure across the glass-interleave-glass assembly during bonding; absence of excess air in the assembly immediately prior to bonding; and, the temperature of the interleave material, as related to plastic flow capability.
  • the clarity of the finished bond is dependent on the percentage bond attachment area and the dispersion of finely divided air or gas bubbles in the interleave material. Bond retention, or the capability of the bond to hold together, is temperature dependent with typical separation or weaken temperatures in the region of 70/80 C.
  • the present invention was developed with a view to providing an improved technique for the production of a laminate, one embodiment of which enables continuous production of the laminate.
  • apparatus for laminating webs of suitable material including means for receiving said webs in co-planar relation, electromagnetic energy radiating means for radiating electromagnetic energy in a zone smaller in area than the opposed surfaces of the webs, said zone extending through the webs, means for permitting relative movement of said electromagnetic energy to said webs so that said zone will traverse substantially the whole of the opposed surfaces of said webs where lamination is required, the radiating means being such that electromagnetic energy will be absorbed in said zone to effect heating to laminating temperatures to allow laminating.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus for producing a glass laminate
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an assembly of two sheets of glass with an interleave material sandwiched therebetween, prior to bonding
  • Figure 3 illustrates the assembly of Figure 2 after bonding
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing variation in temperature of the interleave material at a point in laminate.
  • Figures 5(a) and 5(b) illustrate schematically a preferred microwave horn and its electromagnetic power spatial distribution.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a preferred embodiment for continuous production of laminated glass.
  • an assembly 1 of two or more webs of material such as sheets of glass with an interleave material sandwiched therebetween is caused to move continuously- relative to the apparatus 3, in the direction of the arrows 5 as shown by conveyor means 4.
  • the apparatus 3 comprises an electromagnetic energy generating means 7 connected.to an electromagnetic energy radiating means 9 arranged above the assembly 1 and in close proximity to an upper surface thereof.
  • the generating means 7 is a microwave energy source and the radiating means 9 comprises one or more microwave transmitting horn antennas.
  • the radiating means 9 radiates microwave energy into the assembly 1 in a heating zone 11 extending through the assembly 1.
  • Nip rollers 17 are provided upstream of the radiating means 9 and the receiving antenna 13 and are used to remove excess air from the assembly 1 by subjecting it to a squeezing pressure.
  • nip rollers 19 are provided downstream of the radiating means 9 and the receiving antenna 13 in order to apply a localized squeezing pressure to the assembly 1 to enhance a bonding effect in the assembly 1 resulting from heating in the heating zone 11.
  • microwave energy sources there are basically two types that may be used for the generating means 7. These can be an oscillator such as a CW magnetron or an amplifier, separately driven, typically comprising a power klystron. In general, magnetrons are much cheaper on a dollar/kilowatt basis, provided any controlling problems encountered are not too severe. There is only an indirect relationship between magnetron power and overall glass sheet size in so far as the heating zone 11 is of relatively small dimensions, for example 5 cm in the direction of movement and a fixed maximum in the lateral direction across the sheets.
  • Selective heating of the interleave material in preference to the glass is achieved by selecting the frequency of a radiating beam of electromagnetic energy so that the interleave material absorbs substantially more of the incident- energy than the sheets of glass.
  • the preferred frequency of operation is that which produces a typical absorption ratio of 4 to 1, where a ratio of 10 to 1 is seen to be more than adequate and any higher ratio of no additional benefit.
  • a three layer sandwich composed of a glass sheet of 3 mm thickness, a P.V.B. film interleave material of 0.38 mm thickness and a glass sheet of 3 mm thickness is assembled and placed normal to the radiating means 9 at a point distant therefrom where the incident power on the first incided glass sheet is 1000 watt at a given frequency.
  • the power dB ratio is given by the following formula:
  • the power value calculated is that power emanating from the remote side of the assembly 1 to be collected and dissipated in the load 15.
  • the power at the first glass/P.V.B. interface is 891.25 watt and at the second interface 141.25 watt repeating the same calculations using 0.5 and 8.5 dB respectively. Subtraction will give the power dissipation in each layer as follows:
  • P.V.B. film interleave material 891.25 - 141.25
  • FIG. 5(a) and 5(b) there is shown schematically a preferred microwave transmitting horn 23 with a corresponding preferred spatial power distribution curve 25 shown graphically thereunder.
  • Figure 5b illustrates a side elevation of the horn 23 together with a typical lateral power distribution curve 25 showing flatness variations caused by or minimized by the manipulation of known tuning elements 27.
  • Microwave energy supplied to the antenna input wave guide 2a is radiated by the horn 23 as modified by the tuning elements 27 in a downwards direction, in order to achieve the relatively flat spatial power distribution within a power flatness tolerance band 31 and so create the effect of substantially uniform power across the assembly 1 within the heating zone 11.
  • FIG. 5a shows an end view of the horn 23 together with a typical power' distribution curve 25 in the direction of glass travel.
  • the preferred embodiment of the apparatus 3 has the conveyor means 4 for providing continuous movement o? the assembly 1 relative to the heating zone 11.
  • the apparatus 3 is provided with a control means 37, comprising a computer, which is operatively connected to nip rollers 17 and 19, the microwave energy radiating means 9 and the conveyor belt 35 in order to control the speed of movement of the assembly 1 relative to the radiating means 9, and the pressure applied by the nip rollers 17 and 19, and the microwave energy power level.
  • the control means 37 is also supplied with feedback signals from microwave absorption rate sensors 39 and 41 arranged upstream of the heating zone 11, and from optical sensors 43 and 45 arranged downstream of the heating zone 11.
  • Microwave absorption rate sensors 39 and 41 are provided in order to measure the attenuation characteristics of the materials comprising the assembly 1 in order to control the amount of incident power required in the heating zone 11 and the speed at which the assembly 1 moves relative to the heating zone 11.
  • Optical sensors 43 and 45 provide feedback as to the quality of the laminate 14 expressed in optical transmission terms.
  • a materials testing programme may be developed whereby a large number of samples of the sheets of material and interleave materials to be employed may be tested, and the data placed in memory for subsequent processing.
  • the raw data collected in this manner can subsequently be processed and averaged over the frequency range, and the broad band attentuation curves for the different materials compared to find compatible discrete frequencies that satisfy both relative attenuation rates and suitable frequencies for available microwave energy sources.
  • the relative attentuation rates will also set the required incident microwave power and hence the mechanical dimensions for the transmit and collecting horns.
  • the power absorbed by the P.V.B. film as it travels through the heating zone 11 will be a function of the incident power and the speed at which the assembly 1 travels.
  • a control algorithm may be programmed into the computer based on the raw data so that the apparatus 3 may be automatically adjusted so as to be capable of processing any combination of assembly materials within predetermined constraints.
  • FIG. 2 A glass laminate assembly prior to bonding is shown in Figure 2 , where two sheets of glass 49 have an interleave material 51 sandwiched therebetween.
  • An air gap 53 formed between the initially rough surface of the interleave material 51 and the inside surface of the glass sheets 49 represents a relatively high thermal impedance effectively insulating the interleave material 51 from the glass sheets 49.
  • the continuous bonding process of this embodiment requires selective heating of the interleave material 51 to a sufficiently high temperature to allow gas absorption and plastic flow to occur in a very short time, without significant heating of the glass.
  • P.V.B. as an interleave material are well documented, including its ability to absorb gases and to form bonds with a glass surface making it particularly well suited for bonding webs of glass together to form a glass laminate.
  • the bonding process in this embodiment is dynamic in that after heating and plastic flow occurs there is a rapid loss of energy from the interleave material 51 to the cold glass sheets 49 caused by a gross reduction in the thermal impedance between glass sheets 49 and interleave material 51.
  • FIG 4 which shows the change in temperature and circumstances of a point 54 or lateral line in the P.V.B. (and glass) ;
  • point 54 is the initial temperature of the assembly immediately prior to entry into the heating zone 11 (i.e. equilibrium).
  • Shaded line 55 represents the time during which the point 54 in the assembly 1 is subjected to radiated microwave energy, whilst curve 57 represents the variation in temperature of the P.V.B. film interleave material.
  • Curve 59 represents the variation in temperature of the inner surfaces of the glass sheets 49, whilst curve 61 is the glass mean temperature averaged over the web cross section.
  • Time 63 is the approximate point on the P.V.B. curve where plastic flow commences.
  • interleave material 51 assumes the shape of the contacting glass surfaces 49 and a small change in the overall thickness dimension of the assembly 1 will be observed.
  • the assembly 1 now appears as illustrated in Figure 3, where the high thermal impedance air space 52 of Figure 2 has been replaced with a low thermal impedance interface 65. Any remaining air in the assembly is very quickly absorbed into the surfaces of the interleave material 51 during plastic flow.
  • the line 67 shown parallel to the P.V.B. temperature curve in Figure 4 represents the glass chilling effect as energy absorbed by the interleave material 51 is conducted into the glass sheets 49. It should be noted that prior to the commencement of the chilling effect, the point 54 in the assembly, with which we are concerned, has passed through the heating zone 11 and is now at approximately point 69 in Figure 1 of the production process. Time 71 in Figure 4 is the approximate point of the P.V.B. temperature curve where plastic flow is completed, the interface air gap vanished and all gas absorbed. Also, Figure 4 shows schematically the approximate travel distance 73 during the interface air gap reduction process. Point 75 is where plastic flow commences and point 77 is where it is completed.
  • Distance 79 represents the distance travelled by a point in the assembly, during which the bonding effect takes place, whereby the sheets of glass 49 are bonded together to form a laminated glass web 47.
  • the assembly 1 is subjected to a further squeezing pressure by nip rollers 19 at some point along distance 79, where bonding broadly occurs.
  • the assembly 1 enters an energy redistribution phase where the glass sheet 49 and the P.V.B. interleave material 51 approach the same temperature. It should be noted that the actual process of lamination in- the glass P.V.B. assembly is in the opposite direction to the direction of motion of the assembly 1 through the production process.
  • a further step in the production process involves annealing the laminate 47 to hasten the gas equilibrium process in the interleave material 51, and so reach optimum optical clarity in a shorter time.
  • Such annealing may be carried out by further application of microwave energy at a power rate sufficient to increase gas mobility in the interleave material but not at a level to cause plastic flow to occur and thus risk possible glass separation.
  • a five layer sandwich is assembled comprising a first glass sheet 3 mm, P.V.B. 0.38 mm, second glass sheet 3 mm, P.V.B. 0.38 mm and a third glass sheet 3mm.
  • the power dissipation in each layer, starting with the top side glass sheet, is as follows:
  • the radiating means 9 could be moved relative to t e glass sheets or webs. This alternative is to be considered within the scope of the invention. It should be appreciated that there is provided a process for producing a laminate, said process including the steps of,
  • Said process also includes the further step of providing an ' interleave between the webs and wherein said heating heats said interleave in said zone to laminating temperatures.
  • the process also includes the further step of applying a squeezing pressure to the opposed faces of said webs to enhance said laminating.
  • the squeezing pressure is applied to an area of said webs upstream of said zone whereby to minimize the volume of air between the webs.
  • the squeezing pressure is applied to an area downstream of said zone.
  • a further web is laminated to said laminate by a further relative movement of said further web to said zone. Also said further web is closer to a source of said electromagnetic energy than said laminate whereby there will be greater energy absorption between said further web and said laminate, than between the webs in said laminate.
  • apparatus for laminating webs of suitable material including means for receiving said webs in co-planar relation, electromagnetic energy radiating means for radiating electromagnetic energy in a zone smaller in area than the opposed surfaces of the webs, said zone extending through the webs; means for permitting relative movement of said electromagnetic energy to said webs so that said zone will traverse substantially the whole of the opposed surfaces of said webs where lamination is required, the radiating means being such that electromagnetic energy will be absorbed in said zone to effect heating to laminating temperatures to allow laminating.
  • Said means for permitting relative movement comprises a conveyor means for moving said webs relative to said radiating means.
  • Said zone extends across said webs in a direction perpendicular to the direction of relative movement.
  • Squeezing means is provided for applying a squeezing pressure to the opposed faces of said webs to enhance laminating.
  • Said squeezing means is provided upstream of said zone whereby to minimize the volume of air between the webs during laminating. Said squeezing means is provided downstream of said zone.
  • sensing means for sensing characteristics of said webs
  • control means connected to said said sensing means, said control means having an output for controlling said means for permitting relative movement and said electromagnetic energy radiating means whereby to provide control of said laminating.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

Le procédé et l'appareil décrits servent à produire un stratifié (47), par exemple à partir de plaques de verre (49). Ledit procédé consiste à prévoir une unité (1) comprenant au moins deux plaques (49) de matériau disposées en relation coplanaire; à produire une énergie électromagnétique, telle qu'une énergie à micro-ondes, et à diriger le rayonnement de cette énergie à l'intérieur de l'unité (1) dans une zone de chauffage (11) s'étendant à travers elle. Les plaques (49) se déplacent par rapport à l'énergie électromagnétique, de sorte que la zone (11) traverse toute la surface des plaques à stratifier.
PCT/AU1987/000364 1986-11-06 1987-10-28 Procede et appareil de production d'un stratifie WO1988003517A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPH8830 1986-11-06
AU883086 1986-11-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988003517A1 true WO1988003517A1 (fr) 1988-05-19

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2638449A1 (fr) * 1988-10-27 1990-05-04 Christian Lumpp Procede et dispositif pour la realisation d'un verre feuillete multicouches
GB2236277A (en) * 1989-08-01 1991-04-03 Charles Roger Mortimore Producing laminated sheet glass
WO1998040324A1 (fr) * 1997-03-11 1998-09-17 Pilkington (Australia) Limited Verre feuillete et procede
US5906695A (en) * 1994-10-20 1999-05-25 Tamglass Engineering Oy Method and apparatus for laminating glass sheets
WO2004085148A1 (fr) * 2003-03-20 2004-10-07 Cardinal Ig Company Verre feuillete non traite en autoclave
WO2005067527A2 (fr) * 2004-01-13 2005-07-28 Gyrotron Technology, Inc. Procede de laminage de feuilles de verre utilisant un rayonnement de micro-ondes
US7117914B2 (en) 2003-03-20 2006-10-10 Cardinal Lg Company Non-autoclave laminated glass
US7344613B2 (en) * 2004-03-17 2008-03-18 Gyrotron Technology, Inc. Method for laminating glass sheets using short wave radiation
EP2065181A1 (fr) 2007-11-30 2009-06-03 Bond Brothers Contracting Pty Ltd Procédé de stratification du verre en une seule étape
US7704342B2 (en) * 2001-12-27 2010-04-27 Solutia, Inc. Glass lamination process
US9650286B2 (en) 2011-05-16 2017-05-16 Eurokera Beta-quartz glass ceramics with controlled transmission and methods of making same
WO2020264492A1 (fr) * 2019-06-27 2020-12-30 TekModo OZ Holdings, LLC Résine stratifiée composite et structure de fibre de verre
WO2023275468A1 (fr) * 2021-06-30 2023-01-05 Saint-Gobain Glass France Procédé d'assemblage d'un vitrage feuilleté et calandre pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé
US11938702B2 (en) 2020-09-15 2024-03-26 Glaston Finland Oy Method and apparatus for laminating glass sheets
US12049063B2 (en) 2020-09-15 2024-07-30 Glaston Finland Oy Method and apparatus for laminating glass sheets

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US3488715A (en) * 1966-09-14 1970-01-06 Dow Chemical Co Laminated glass structures and method therefor
AU3038171A (en) * 1970-06-25 1973-01-04 Dunlop Australia Limited Manufacture of sheet material
AU3034777A (en) * 1976-11-05 1979-05-10 Progress Progressing Ltd. Coating a metal substrate by electromagnetic induction
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AU3034777A (en) * 1976-11-05 1979-05-10 Progress Progressing Ltd. Coating a metal substrate by electromagnetic induction
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EP0172143A1 (fr) * 1984-07-31 1986-02-19 SOCIETA ITALIANA VETRO - SIV SpA Procédé de fabrication d'une bande comportant un film d'une résine acrylate utilisée dans des verres stratifiés de sécurité et produit obtenu
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FR2579610A1 (fr) * 1985-03-28 1986-10-03 Saint Gobain Vitrage Couche adhesive utilisee dans la fabrication de vitrages feuilletes et vitrages feuilletes comprenant une telle couche
EP0217502A1 (fr) * 1985-08-13 1987-04-08 Corning Glass Works Verres stratifiés transparents polarisants
EP0233519A2 (fr) * 1986-02-19 1987-08-26 SOCIETA ITALIANA VETRO - SIV SpA Procédé de fabrication d'un verre de sécurité pour véhicules à moteur et bâtiments, et produit ainsi obtenu

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Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2638449A1 (fr) * 1988-10-27 1990-05-04 Christian Lumpp Procede et dispositif pour la realisation d'un verre feuillete multicouches
GB2236277A (en) * 1989-08-01 1991-04-03 Charles Roger Mortimore Producing laminated sheet glass
US5906695A (en) * 1994-10-20 1999-05-25 Tamglass Engineering Oy Method and apparatus for laminating glass sheets
WO1998040324A1 (fr) * 1997-03-11 1998-09-17 Pilkington (Australia) Limited Verre feuillete et procede
US7704342B2 (en) * 2001-12-27 2010-04-27 Solutia, Inc. Glass lamination process
WO2004085148A1 (fr) * 2003-03-20 2004-10-07 Cardinal Ig Company Verre feuillete non traite en autoclave
US7117914B2 (en) 2003-03-20 2006-10-10 Cardinal Lg Company Non-autoclave laminated glass
US7143800B2 (en) 2003-03-20 2006-12-05 Cardinal Lg Company Non-autoclave laminated glass
WO2005067527A2 (fr) * 2004-01-13 2005-07-28 Gyrotron Technology, Inc. Procede de laminage de feuilles de verre utilisant un rayonnement de micro-ondes
US7063760B2 (en) * 2004-01-13 2006-06-20 Gyrotron Technology, Inc. Method for laminating glass sheets using microwave radiation
WO2005067527A3 (fr) * 2004-01-13 2006-07-13 Gyrotron Technology Inc Procede de laminage de feuilles de verre utilisant un rayonnement de micro-ondes
US7344613B2 (en) * 2004-03-17 2008-03-18 Gyrotron Technology, Inc. Method for laminating glass sheets using short wave radiation
EP2065181A1 (fr) 2007-11-30 2009-06-03 Bond Brothers Contracting Pty Ltd Procédé de stratification du verre en une seule étape
US8097107B2 (en) 2007-11-30 2012-01-17 Bond Brothers Contracting Pty Ltd. Single stage glass lamination apparatus and process
US8096337B2 (en) 2007-11-30 2012-01-17 Bond Brothers Contracting Pty Ltd. Single stage glass lamination apparatus and process
US9650286B2 (en) 2011-05-16 2017-05-16 Eurokera Beta-quartz glass ceramics with controlled transmission and methods of making same
WO2020264492A1 (fr) * 2019-06-27 2020-12-30 TekModo OZ Holdings, LLC Résine stratifiée composite et structure de fibre de verre
US11938702B2 (en) 2020-09-15 2024-03-26 Glaston Finland Oy Method and apparatus for laminating glass sheets
US12049063B2 (en) 2020-09-15 2024-07-30 Glaston Finland Oy Method and apparatus for laminating glass sheets
WO2023275468A1 (fr) * 2021-06-30 2023-01-05 Saint-Gobain Glass France Procédé d'assemblage d'un vitrage feuilleté et calandre pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé
FR3124761A1 (fr) * 2021-06-30 2023-01-06 Saint-Gobain Glass France procédé d’assemblage d’un vitrage feuilleté et calandre pour la mise en œuvre du procédé

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