WO1982003200A1

WO1982003200A1 - Device for fragmenting,compacting and discharging of voluminous bulk goods,in particular household waste

Info

Publication number: WO1982003200A1
Application number: PCT/SE1982/000073
Authority: WO
Inventors: Nils Goesta Rosenberg
Original assignee: Nils Goesta Rosenberg
Priority date: 1981-03-17
Filing date: 1982-03-17
Publication date: 1982-09-30
Also published as: FI74655C; DK508082A; EP0085054A1; FI831286L; DE3274528D1; DK150294B; EP0085054B1; FI74655B; DK150294C; FI831286A0

Abstract

The device for fractioning, compacting and discharging of voluminous bulk goods, in particular household waste, consists of a housing (1) supporting an essentially vertical feeding shaft (2) with a circular discharge opening. Under the feeding shaft (2) a number of rings are constructed on top of each other (4-8), for mutual relative rotational movement around the discharging openings' central axle. Each ring is formed with a towards the rings' centre pushing shovel formed part, which for each ring pushes more in towards the centre than the above laying one, and which boarders an eccentric opening throughout the rings. The rings are constructed in such a way that by relative rotational influence, bulk goods, gravitationally fed through the rings, can be simultaneously fractioned, through interaction between the rings contra rotating shovel formed parts. Under the bottom ring (8) a cylindrical discharging chamber (24) is constructed with therein a horizontal forward and backward moving plunger device (25) for cutting and compacting the out of the lowest ring coming fragmented bulk goods into a discharging pipe (26).

Description

DEVICE FOR FRAGMENTING, COMPACTING AND DISCHARGING O F VO L UM INOUS BULK GOODS, IN PARTICULAR HOUSEHOLD WASTE

The invention at hand is classified amongst constructions which take care of the transportation of voluminous bulk goods, in particular household waste and refuse.

A rational handling of voluminous bulk goods, such as household waste and refuse, places high demands on the equipment used, not only from a hygenic and env-ironmental point of view, but also from an economic point of view. Some known arrangements for the handling of household waste are discussed in the following paragraphs.

An appliance for handling household waste, which is already on the market, exists, out of a so-called sack- changer with a compactor. The sack-changer comes in different designs, of which the so-called carousel changer is the most common. It exists out of a vertical axel which gradually rotates around a stand with holders for several sacks, which by gradual rotation of the stand, one by one, can be placed in position under the opening of the disposal shute. When a sack has been filled with waste the stand is rotated one stage so that the filled sack is in position under a compactor, which exists out of a plunger with which the contents of the sack are compacted to approximately half its volume. The stand is then rotated back into position under the. shute. When the sack is completely filled the stand rotates one stage so that an empty sack is placed under the shute.

A disadvantage of the above sack-changer with compactor is that due to its height it needs a relatively high ceiling in the waste-disposal room, which makes it less suitable for installation in older buildings with insufficient ceiling height. Even, if the construction of the sack-changer is sufficiently low, the sacks have to be removed from the sack-changer manually, which ac cording to the present workers protection norms is not approved in waste-disposal rooms with a ceiling height of less than 2.1 m. The sacks filled with their compacted contents are heavy and difficult to manage and therefore, if the waste-disposal room is located below ground level, a so-called stair lift is demanded, with which the sacks or waggon with sacks are transported along the stairs to the ground floor for further transportation. With another known arrangement for the processing of household waste a so-called waste-screw is used. The waste is transported from the shute opening by a motor driven, rotating iron spiral without axel in a chamber of steelplate, to a central collecting station within the area, where the waste is compacted in a closed container.

The disadvantage of the waste-screw is that it needs extensive installation work including constructing a pipe with spiral below ground level. The installation of the waste-screw is thereby quite costly and most suitable for installation in connection with new building of larger flats or large property complexes.

The third known arrangement for the processing of household waste uses a so-called waste suction, which means that the waste is transported by air in a closed system to a collecting station where the waste is compacted in a container. The pipes in this waste structure are usually about 400mm in diameter, but if the waste suction is combined with grinders, which are placed under each shute, and which grinds the waste, a pipe with a diameter of 150mm is sufficient. The combination of waste suction a nd grinder is often called a miniwastesuction and is due to its size suitable for installation in older buildings.

Waste suction is, as the previous mentioned wastescrew, burdened with the disadvantage that it requires extensive installation work and is therefore costly. Furthermore, in order to obtain sufficient reliability of service high airspeeds are needed, which gives an unwanted high noise level. The miniwastesuction, which due to its smaller size is more advantageous from an installation point of view, needs, however, more maintenance in order to function satisfactorily. The waste grinder's blade is exposed to much strain and has to be changed often. In the waste grinder waste is crushed, but no compacting is done.

The invention at hand has a goal to produce a device for the fragmenting, compacting and discharging of voluminous bulk goods in particular household waste and refuse, avoiding or lessening the disadvantages mentioned above, and which fragments, compacts and discharges b u l k goods, is simple in construction and has a low construction height and is therefore also wel suited for installation in waste-disposal rooms with low ceilings.

The above goals are obtained as per the invention of a device which fragments, compacts and discharges voluminous bulk goods, in particular household waste, designed with the characteristics mentioned in the following patent claim.

The invention is described in connection to a design example making reference to the enclosed drawings in Which fig 1 shows a schematic, vertical cross-section of the device fig 2 is a vertical part cross-section through the rings fix 3 is a. part showing I-I in fig 1 fig 4-9 are horizontal drawings of the rings 4-8 in figures 1. fig 10 is a schematic perspective illustrating the interaction of the rings. The device shown in the drawings exists out of a housing which is clearly seen in fig 1, in the form of a steel construction of plating or a square tube or something of the kind. In the top of the housing is fastened a circular, cylindrical, essentially vertical feeding shaft 2 with an inner diameter corresponding to the diameter of the mouth of a connected waste shute 3, preferably somewhat larger, enabling the waste shute to go down a bit into the feeding shaft 2. Vertically under the feeding shaft a number of rings are installed 4-8, which have shovel formed inward pushing parts 10A-E, and set up in such a way that with relative rotational movements around a geometrical axel, basically in line with the feeding shaft's geometrical axel, so that bulk goods fed through the centre of the rings by gravitation, are at the same time fractioned by the interaction of the contra rotating rings' shovel formed parts. Rings 4-8 can be installed so that they rotate in opposite directions to each other, but as shown in the drawing of this design in figure 1, each other ring 5, 7 is attached to the housing 1 and each other ring 4, 6 and 8 is rotatable.

Immediately under the feeding shaft 2 a rotating ring 4 is placed supported by ring 5 which is attached to the housing. Ring 4 exists of a circular cylindrical casing 9 and a horizontal topplate 10A, which builds a ring-formed flange, which rests on and is attached to a collar of the ring surrounding circular cylindrical support profile 11. Support profile 11 has been designed with on the outside grooves 12 for a V belt which is part of a drive transmission for the rotation of the rings.

As can be seen clearly in fig 3, ring 4 has been designed with a towards the middle pushing shovel formed part 10A, which takes up a part of the ring's surface surrounding area and which is designed with a towards the ring's centre axel turned shovel surface, preferably with a curved form as in the so-called Archimedes spiral i.e. with an inwardly decreasing radius. The shovel formed part 10A has, towards the inside of the ring radially growing dimensions , in a direction contra to the ring's 4, with arrow in fig 3 marked rotating direction. The against the ring's centre pushing part 10A thereby boarders an excentric opening going through the rings whos restricting walls stretch parallel to the ring's rotating axel and with a cross section which is at least partly enclosed by an arched line, whos radius decreases towards the centre of the ring. By rotation of the ring's shovel surface 14 a passage is demarcated, free of obstacles, through the ring 4, as is marked by the dotted circular line in fig 4.

Both of the other rotatable rings 6 and 8 are constructed opposite to the manner described in connection with ring 4. Ring 6 consequently contains, as is shown in the schematic drawing in fig 6, a towards the ring's centre pushing shovel formed part 10C with a shovel area 25. The essential difference in comparison to ring 4 is that the shovel formed part 10C pushes further into the centre of ring 5 compared to the corresponding part 10A of ring 4. Rotation of ring 6 thereby demarcates its shovel formed part 10C a passage without obstructions as is marked with the dotted circel line in fig 5, which is less than the equivalent free passage through ring 4. Correspondigly ring 8, as can be seen in the schematic drawing 8, has a shovel formed part 10E with shovel area 15. The shovel formed part 10E pushes even a bit further towards the centre of ring 8, so when rotating ring 8 a passage free of obstacles is demarcated as marked by the dotted circular line in fig 8, which is less than the corresponding free passage of ring 6. Under the top rotating ring 4, and supporting this ring, is a non-rotating ring 5, which is attached to the housing 1 by the fitting 17. The fixed ring is construced contra to the previously described rotating rings, but differs in that the surrounding support profile 18 does not have grooves, partly as the ring's shovel formed part 20, as is clearly shown in drawing 5, has a basically mirror-inverted design compared to the shovel formed part 10A of ring 4. The shovel formed part 10B has towards the ring's central axe.1 decreasing dimensions in a direction contra to the rotating rings' direction. Opposite to what is the case of ring 4, the shovel formed part 108 is constructed with, a towards the centre of the ring turned shovel surface 20, which from the ring's periferi stretches in a concave arch form towards the ring's centre, preferably in a curve form, as in a so-called Archimedes spiral. The shovel formed part 10B pushes a bit more i towards the ring's centre than the corresponding shovel formed part 10A of ring 4.

The to the housing attached fixed ring which supports the rotating ring 6, is constructed contra to the previously described fixed ring 5. The ring's 7 shovel formed part pushes a bit more towards the ring's centre than the corresponding part of the above laying rotating ring 6.

The bottom rotating ring 8 is supported by a support ring 22 attached to the bottom 19 which is fixed to the housing with a central feed-opening 23for feeding there through of bulk goods fragmented by the middle rings. Opening 23, can, as shown in fig 9, have a form which basically corresponds to the free opening in ring 8.

As is clearly shown in fig 2 the rings' 4-8, support profile 11, 18, overlapps the rings' top plate 10, of which the bottom of the ring's circular casing 9 goes down under the top area of support profiles 11, 18, for the next ring. The labyrinth like passage which is produced at the rings' bottom, periferial part, adds effectively to stopping bulk goods particles from pushing out to the circumjacencies.

Propulsion for the simultaneous rotation of the rotating rings is effected by a drive transmission from a drive motor not shown in the drawings. The drive transmission exists of three verticle, in the housing mounted axels 34, 35 and 36, which seen from above are situated in the corner of an equally sided triangle. On each one of the axels three V belt dishes are situated straight in front of each respective rotating ring. Preferably two of the axels are connected to its own drive motor. As can be seen in fig 4, 6 and 8, axels 34, 35 and 36 are situated such a distance from the rings' rotating axels that V belt 37 grips into groove 12 in each respective ring with a. certain dimensional angel, which should be sufficient to transfer the propulsion momentum to the rings. Tractive power of the V belt thereby has a radial component force, which effects the rings on three sides and .contributes to holding the rings centered. The in the drawings shown device propells the rings for rotation counter-clockwise as shown by the arrow in fig 4, 6, 8 and 10.

The under the bottom rotating ring 8 situated base with its opening 23 forms a connection between the rings and the under base 19 placed chamber 24, which preferably has the form of a cylinder with a considerably horizontal axel and which mouths out into feeding tube 26. In the cylindrical chamber 24 a plunger device is constructed which moves in cylinder 24 in its length between a rear position shown by the continuous lines, in which opening 23 is completely exposed for the feeding of a string of fractioned bulk goods, and a forward position in which the plunger's front is situated on the opposite side of opening 23, as shown by the continuous line in fig 1. The plunger's forward and backward movement in cylinder 24 is executed by a under the cylindrical chamber constructed propulsion device consisting of an electrical motor 31 with an elbow gear. The gear's output shaft pivot supports. a crank arm 33, which is flexably attached to a linking device 28, which at its other end is flexably attached to plunger device's 25 rear end via link fittings 27. Through this mechanism the motors and the elbow gear's rotating movements are converted into a to-and-fro movement of the plunger device 25 in cylinder 24. The plunger device exists out of horizontal flat rod 25A and a vertical flat rod 25B with a width, which suitably corresponds to the inner diameter of cylinder 24. The cross section of the plunger therefore has the form of a cross as is shown in fig 3. On both sides of that part of the plunger's vertical flat rod 25B which goes over the top of the horizontal flat rod 25A, two scrapers are attached in the cylinder. Scrapers 29 are situated immediately behind opening 23's rear side and have as purpose to keep fragments of bulk goods and partides from following the plunger on its return stroke. At the bottom side of the plunger's horizontal flat rod 25A two scrapers 30 are also constructed which are attached to the bottom of the plunger's horizontal flat rod 25A between this and the vertical flat rod 25B. The scrapers' 30 purpose is to scrape the bottom of the cylinder of bulk goods fragments and particles during the plunger's forward movement. Scrapers 29 and 30 are thus formed as circle quadrants and are furnished with, in the drawings not shown., self adjusting boarder lining for both the plunger and the cylinder. Thus during the plun gers feeding movement bulk goods are fed into the discharge tube 26 while simultaneously being compacted. Thanks to the above described construction of the plunger, it does not need to cut off strings of bulk goods during each movement of the plunger, which would have been the case if the plunger had an entirely circular working survice against the bulk goods. Due to this, the driving device for the plunger is dimensioned for significantly lower power needs, which also considerably decreases wearing of the plunger and cylinder. Thus passing opening 23, the plunger's 25 vertical protruding part cuts through the string of bulk goods. The plunger device illustrated in the drawing is mechanically driven but, of course, one can use hydraulic or pneumatic plunger devices which effect a linear forward and backward feeding movement as well.

As rings 4, 6 and 8 are via the drive transmission rotated, the household waste is influenced, which from the waste shute 3 refills in the feeding shaft 2 of the in the first ring 4 against the ring's central shovel formed part 10A. The bulk goods are thereby pushed partly in the direction of the ring's centre, partly due to the gravitational forces in the direction of the axel downwards. The bulk goods thereby make contact with the shovel surface 20 in the under ring 4 situated fixed ring 5. The bulk goods are ground i.e. fraktioned and are in this ring also forced first towards the centre of the ring and then in axial direction against the following rotating ring. During transport through all of the rings, radial variations are brought about in the bulk goods, whereby fraktioning and at the same time feeding strings of bulk goods axially into the cylindrical chamber 24 located under the lowest ring. Under influence of the forward and backward movement of the plunger in this cylindrical chamber the string of bulk goods is cut off and pressed in the direction of the transport pipe 26, while the plunger movement effects a compacting of the bulk goods while at the same time feeding it into pipe 25 which has a larger diameter than the cylinder 24. The grade of compacting can vary by adjusting the length of the cylinder 24 and the length of movement of the plunger. The in pipe 26 as a compacted string fed household waste is further transported in the pipe by airpressure or vacuum to a central collecting place, i.e. a container. The device as per the invention can through its simplicity in construction be produced for a moderate cost and is, due to its compact construction, very suitable for installation in restricted rooms. As the device both compacts and discharges household waste, the transport pipe for the compacted household waste can be kept relatively small, which is advantageous for the installation and tubing.

The invention, as described above as per the drawings, is not bound to same, but can vary within the frames of the following patent claim. For example the shovel formed parts' curve formed surfaces can be provided with an edge or toothing in order to improve the fraktionation. The number of rings can also vary depending on the type of bulk goods to be treated in the device and depending on the grade of the compacting wanted. The invention is not bound either by the treatment of houshold waste and refuse only, but can advantageously be used for the compaction and feeding of other bulk goods i.e. peat or chippings.

Claims

PATENTCLA IM S 1. The device for fragmenting, compacting and discharging of voluminous bulk goods, in particular household waste, coπsis^'iting of housing supporting an essentially vertical feeding shaft with circular discharge opening, c h a r a c t e r i z e d by the fact that under the feeding shaft at least two cylindrical rings (4-8) are constructed, one above the other, for relative rotational movement in opposite directions to each other essentially around discharge opening's geometrical axel, of which each of the rings mentioned is formed with a part pushing towards the rings' centre of the corresponding part of the ring above it, and which demarcates an excentric opening throughout the rings, whos restrictive walls (14, 20) are paralell to the rotational axel of the rings and with a cross section, which is at least over a part enclosed by an arched line, whos radius decreases towards the rings' centre, and whereby the rings are arranged in such a way that during relative rotational movement the bulk goods, gravitationally fed, are pushed in the direction of the rings' centre whilst at the same time being fraktioned by the interaction between the rings' shovel formed parts rotating against each other (10A-E).

2. The-device as per claim 1, c h a r a c t e r iz e d by the fact that the ring (4) is placed directly under the feeding shaft (2), and each second ring thereafter (6, 8) is rotatable, and the ring (5) directly under the first rotatable ring (4) under the feeding shaft and each second ring (7) after that is attached to the housi ng (1).

3. The device as per claims 1 and 2, c h a r a ct e r i z e d by the shovel formed parts (10A-E) making up a part of the rings' surrounding surface restricting the rings' free throughflow area and which is formed with an against the rings' centre axel turned shovel surface. (14, 20), which from the rings' periferi stretched in a concave archform with towards the rings' centre decreasing radius.

4. The device as per claim 1-3, c h a r a c t e ri z e d by the mentioned shovel formed parts (10A-E) in the ring (4) placed directly under the feeding shaft(2), and each second ring (6, 8) has a towards the rings' radius growing dimension calculated in a direction contra to the rings' rotational direction, and that corresponding dimensions of the under the first ring (4) placed ring (5) and each second ring (7) decreases calculated in the same direction.

5. The device as per some of the previous claims, c h r a c t e r i z e d by the under the lowest ring (8) installed, preferably cylindrical chamber (24), which mouths out into a essentially horizontal discharging pipe (26) for compacted bulk goods, and in the mentioned chamber (24) and constructed forward and backward moving plungersystem, installed in such a way that during the forward movement the out of the lowest ring (8) coming string of fragmented bulk goods, is cut, and compacted while simultaneously discharging into the discharge pipe (26).