DK150294B - APPARATUS FOR FRAGMENT, COMPRESSION AND RECOVERY OF VOLUMINAEST LIQUID GOODS, ISAER Household Waste - Google Patents

APPARATUS FOR FRAGMENT, COMPRESSION AND RECOVERY OF VOLUMINAEST LIQUID GOODS, ISAER Household Waste Download PDF

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Publication number
DK150294B
DK150294B DK508082A DK508082A DK150294B DK 150294 B DK150294 B DK 150294B DK 508082 A DK508082 A DK 508082A DK 508082 A DK508082 A DK 508082A DK 150294 B DK150294 B DK 150294B
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Prior art keywords
ring
rings
bucket
center
shaft
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DK508082A
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Danish (da)
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DK508082A (en
DK150294C (en
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Nils Goesta Rosenberg
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Rosenberg & Co Ab
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30PRESSES
    • B30BPRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/30Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
    • B30B9/3003Details
    • B30B9/3035Means for conditioning the material to be pressed, e.g. paper shredding means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/0084Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)

Description

i 150294in 150294

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår et apparat af den i krav l's indledning angivne art. Dette apparat er beregnet til at videretransportere voluminøst massegods, især husholdningsaffald og skrald. En rationel behandling af voluminøst massegods, _ såsom husholdningsaffald og skrald, stiller store krav tilThe present invention relates to an apparatus of the kind set forth in the preamble of claim 1. This appliance is intended to transport bulk bulk cargo, especially household waste and garbage. A rational treatment of bulky bulk goods, such as household waste and garbage, places great demands on

OISLAND

det hertil benyttede udstyr såvel ud fra hygiejniske og arbejdsmiljømæssige som økonomiske synspunkter. Nogle kendte arrangementer til at håndtere husholdningsaffald omtales nærmere nedenfor.the equipment used for this, from both hygienic and occupational health and economic points of view. Some well-known household waste management arrangements are discussed in more detail below.

10 Et markedsført maskinelt apparat til at håndtere husholdningsaffald udgøres af en såkaldt sækudveksler med en kom-primator. Sækudveksleren findes i flere udførelsesforraer af hvilke den såkaldte karruseludveksler er almindeligt forekommende. Den består af et omkring en lodret aksel trinvis 15 roterbart stativ med holdere for et antal sække, der gennem trinvis rotation af stativet en efter en kan anbringes i stilling under skraldskaktens munding. Når en sæk er blevet fyldt med skrald roterer stativet et trin, så at den fyldte sæk indtager en stilling under en komprimator, der 20 består af en stempelmekanisme, ved hvilken indholdet i sækken komprimeres til omtrent det halve rumfang. Stativet drejes derefter tilbage i stilling under skraldskakten. Når sækken er helt fyldt, drejes stativet, et trin, så at en tom sæk anbringes i stilling under skraldskaktens mun-25 ding.10 A marketed machine for handling household waste consists of a so-called sack exchanger with a primer. The bag exchanger is found in several embodiments of which the so-called carousel exchanger is commonly found. It consists of a stepwise rotatable rack about a vertical shaft with holders for a number of sacks which, through stepwise rotation of the stand one by one, can be placed in position under the mouth of the trash shaft. When a bag has been filled with trash, the rack rotates one step so that the filled bag occupies a position under a compactor which consists of a piston mechanism by which the contents of the bag are compressed to about half the volume. The stand is then rotated back into position under the trash shaft. When the bag is completely filled, the rack is rotated one step so that an empty bag is placed in position under the mouth of the trash can.

Det er en mangel ved den nævnte ned .komprimator udstyrede sækudveksler, at den på grund af sin byggehøjde kræver en forholdsvis storloft højde i skralflrummet, hvilket gør den 30 mindre egnet til indbygning i ældre bygninger med utilstrækkelig lofthøjde i skraldrummet. Selv om bygningshøjden gøres tilstrækkelig lav, skal sækkene manuelt flyttes fra sækudveksleren, hvilket ifølge gældende arbejdsbeskyttelsesnormer ikke godkendes i skraldrum med mindre lofthøjde end 35 2,1 m. De med komprimeret indhold fyldte sække bliver tunge og uhåndterlige og nødvendiggør, når skraldrummet ligger 2 150294 under jordniveauet, en såkaldt trappelift, hvormed sækkene eller en sækkevogn med sæk eller sække transporteres ad trappen til jordniveauet for borttransport af sækkene.It is a shortcoming of the down compression-fitted sack exchanger that, due to its construction height, it requires a relatively large ceiling height in the rubbish space, making it less suitable for installation in older buildings with insufficient ceiling height in the rubbish compartment. Even if the building height is sufficiently low, the bags must be manually moved from the bag exchanger, which according to current labor protection standards is not approved in garbage rooms with a ceiling height of less than 35 2.1 m. The sacks filled with compressed content become heavy and unmanageable and necessitates when the garbage room is 2 150294 below the ground level, a so-called stair lift, by which the sacks or a baggage bag with sacks or sacks are transported by the stairs to the ground level for carrying away the bags.

Ved et andet kendt anlæg ti1 håndtering af husholdnings- 5 affald benyttes en såkaldt skraldskrue. Skraldet transpor teres fra skraldskakten med en motordreven roterende akselløs stålspiral i et kammer af stålplade til en central afhentningsstation inden for området, hvor skraldet komprime-res i en lukket beholder.At another known plant for the management of household waste, a so-called garbage screw is used. The garbage is transported from the garbage can by a motor-driven rotary shaftless steel coil in a steel plate chamber to a central pickup station within the area where the garbage is compressed in a closed container.

10 Mangelen ved skraldskruen er, at den forudsætter omfattende installationsarbejder indbefattende udlægning af rør med spiral under jordniveau. Installation af skraldskrue er således dyr og egner sig bedst til installering i forbindelse med nyproduktion af større beboelsesbygninger eller byg-15 ningskomplekser.10 The disadvantage of the garbage screw is that it requires extensive installation work, including laying of pipes with coils below ground level. Thus, garbage screw installation is expensive and is most suitable for installation in connection with the new production of larger residential buildings or building complexes.

Ifølge et tredje kendt anlæg · til håndtering af husholdningsaffald udnyttes en såkaldt skraldsuger, indbefattende, at affaldet med luft føres i et lukket system til en modtagestation, hvor skraldet komprimeres i en beholder.According to a third known system for the handling of household waste, a so-called garbage cleaner is utilized, including that the waste with air is conveyed in a closed system to a receiving station where the garbage is compressed in a container.

20 Skraldanlæggets rør har almindeligvis en diameter på ca.The garbage system pipes generally have a diameter of approx.

400 mm, men såfremt man kombinerer skraldsugeren med kværne, der placeres under hver skrald faldskakt, og som maler skraldet, er det tilstrækkeligt med rør, der har en diameter på ca. 160 mm. Kombinationen skraldsuger og kværn be-25 tegnes hyppigt som miniskraldsuger og egner sig på grund af sine dimensioner til installering af ældre bebyggelse.400 mm, but if you combine the garbage cleaner with the grinders placed under each garbage canal and grinding the garbage, pipes having a diameter of approx. 160 mm. The combination of garbage extractor and grinder is frequently referred to as a mini garbage cleaner and is suitable because of its dimensions for installing older buildings.

Skraldsugeren er, ligesom den tidligere ovennævnte skraldskrue, behæftet med den ulempe, at den kræver et omfattende installeringsarbejde og derfor er dyr. Endvidere må man 30 for at opnå en tilfredsstillende driftssikkerhed benytte høje lufthastigheder, hvilke giver et ikke ønsket højt støjniveau. Miniskraldsugeren, der på grund af sine mindre 150294 3 dimensioner set ud fra et installeringssynspunkt er mere fordelagtig kræver imidlertid et omfattende vedligeholdelsesarbejde for at fungere tilfredsstillende. Skraldkværnens eller -kværnenes skær er udsat for store påvirkninger, og skal derfor 5 hyppigt udskiftes. I skraldkværnen e-ller -kværnene meles skral det, men der finder ingen komprimering af skraldet sted.Like the aforementioned garbage truck, the garbage truck suffers from the disadvantage that it requires extensive installation work and is therefore expensive. Furthermore, in order to obtain satisfactory operational safety, high air velocities must be used which give an undesirable high noise level. However, the mini-scrubber, which, because of its smaller dimensions from an installation point of view, is more advantageous, requires extensive maintenance work to function satisfactorily. The garbage grinder's or grinder's inserts are subjected to great influences and therefore need to be replaced frequently. In the garbage mill, the grinders are milled or rubbed, but no compaction of the garbage takes place.

Pra svensk fremlæggelsesskrift 372.459 kendes et apparat af den indledningsvist omtalte art. Ved dette kendte apparat 10 er der en betydelig risiko for, at det massegods, der under påvirkning af tyngdekraften fødes i lodret retning, kun udsættes for en komprimerende påvirkning, der kan resultere i en kompakt konisk prop, der kan sætte sig fast og forhindre videre materialetilførsel gennem apparatet.In Swedish Patent Specification 372,459, an apparatus of the kind mentioned above is known. With this known apparatus 10, there is a considerable risk that the bulk material, which, under the influence of gravity, is fed in the vertical direction, is subjected only to a compressive effect which can result in a compact conical plug which can get stuck and prevent further material supply through the apparatus.

1515

Det er den foreliggende opfindelses formål at anvise et apparat til at fragmentere, komprimere og udtømme voluminøst massegods, især husholdningsaffald og skrald, ved hvilken de oven for omtalte ulemper ved de kendte apparater og anlæg undgås 20 eller reduceres, og som såvel fragmenterer og komprimerer som transporterer massegodset, er enkelt konstrueret, har en lav byggehøjde og derfor er velegnet til installering også i skraldrum med lille lofthøjde.It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for fragmenting, compressing and discharging bulky bulk cargo, especially household waste and garbage, in which the above-mentioned disadvantages of the known apparatus and plant are avoided or reduced, and which both fragment and compress as carries the bulk cargo, is simply designed, has a low building height and is therefore suitable for installation even in rubbish rooms with low ceiling height.

25 Dette formål tilgodeses ifølge opfindelsen ved at det indled ningsvist omtalte apparat er ejendommelig ved det i den kendetegnende del af krav 1 anførte. Disse karakteristika omfatter ikke alene en fysisk forskel, men medfører også en væsentlig forskel med hensyn til apparatets funktion. Som anført har 30 hver ring en excentrisk fremspringende, skovlformet part, der afgrænser en excentrisk gennemgående åbning gennem ringen. Denne specielle udførelsesform medfører, at det massegods, der under påvirkning af tyngdekraften fødes gennem ringen, tvinges til at bevæge sig på tværs ved passage fra den ene 35 ring til den anden. Dette medfører igen, at massegodsstrengen sønderdeles eller slides i stykker, dvs. at massegodsstrengen fraktioneres. Denne.virkning opnås ikke ved apparatet ifølge det oven for omtalte svenske patentskrift. Ved at krumningen af den skovlformede part i hveranden ring er væsentlig spejl- 150294 4 vendt i forhold til den tilsvarende krumning af de mellemliggende ringe opnår man, at de skovlformede dele ved ringenes relative rotationsbevægelse i indbyrdes modsatte retninger vil udføre en slags skæreoperation, der bidrager til at frembringe den tilstræbte fraktionering.This object is met in accordance with the invention in that the apparatus referred to at the outset is characterized by the characterizing part of claim 1. These characteristics not only include a physical difference, but also cause a significant difference in the function of the apparatus. As indicated, each ring has an eccentric projecting, paddle-shaped portion defining an eccentric through-opening through the ring. This particular embodiment causes the bulk material which, under the influence of gravity, to be fed through the ring, to be forced to move transversely by passing from one ring to the other. This, in turn, causes the bulk cargo string to be broken or worn, i.e. fractionating the bulk cargo string. This effect is not achieved by the apparatus according to the Swedish patent mentioned above. By the curvature of the shovel-shaped part of each other ring being substantially mirrored with respect to the corresponding curvature of the intermediate rings, it is achieved that the shovel-shaped parts, by the relative rotational movement of the rings, in opposite directions will perform a kind of cutting operation which contributes to produce the desired fractionation.

5 I den kendetegnende del af krav 2 er en foretrukken udførelsesform angivet, ved hvilken hveranden ring er roterbar og hveranden ring er fast monteret i stativet. Herved opnår man et forenk-10 let drivarrangement, eftersom kun hveranden ring skal være forbundet med en drivanordning.In the characterizing part of claim 2, a preferred embodiment is indicated in which each other ring is rotatable and each other ring is fixedly mounted in the frame. This results in a simplified driving arrangement, since only each other ring must be connected to a driving device.

Ved udførelsesformen for den skovlformede part i overensstemmelse med det i den kendetegnende del af krav 3 anførte opnår 15 man, at denne udformning bidrager til en effektiv transport af massegods indad mod ringens midterparti.In the embodiment of the bucket-shaped part according to the characterizing part of claim 3, it is obtained that this configuration contributes to an efficient transport of bulk material inwards towards the middle part of the ring.

I den kendetegnende del af krav 4 er der anført yderligere fordelagtige karakteristika ved de nævnte skovlformede parter, 20 der bidrager til at effektivisere de skovlformede parters fraktionerende påvirkning ved ringenes relative rotationsbevægelse i indbyrdes modsatte rotationsretninger.In the characterizing part of claim 4, further advantageous characteristics of the bucket-shaped parts 20 are provided, which contribute to increasing the fractional influence of the bucket-shaped parts in the relative rotational movement of the rings in mutually opposite directions of rotation.

Opfindelsen beskrives neden for under henvisning til et ud-25 førelseseksempel og under henvisning til den vedlagte tegning, hvori fig. 1 viser et skematisk lodret tværsnit gennem apparatet, 30 fig. 2 er et lodret deltværsnit gennem ringe i apparatet, fig. 3 er et snit taget som vist ved I-I i fig. 1, fig. 4-9 er horisontalbilleder af ringene 4-8 i fig. 1, og 35 fig. 10 er et skematisk perspektivbillede illustrerende ringenes samvirke.The invention is described below with reference to an embodiment and with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which 1 is a schematic vertical section through the apparatus; FIG. 2 is a vertical partial cross-section through rings in the apparatus; FIG. 3 is a section taken as shown by I-I in FIG. 1, FIG. 4-9 are horizontal views of the rings 4-8 of FIG. 1, and FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view illustrating the interaction of the rings.

150294 5150294 5

Som det tydeligst fremgår af fig. 1 består det på tegningen viste apparat af et stativ 1, f.eks. i form af en skalkonstruktion af plade, eller bestående af firkantrør eller tilsvarende dele. Foroven i stativet er der fastgjort en cirkel-5 cylindrisk, i det væsentlige lodret fødeskakt 2 med en indre diameter, der svarer til diameteren for mundingen af en tilsluttende skraldnedfaldsskakt, og fortrinsvis noget større, så. nedfaldsskakten. 3's , munding kan dyk'ke et stykke ned i fødeskakten 2. Lodret under fødeskakten er der monte-10 ret et antal ringe 4-8, der har skovlformede indadskydende partier 10A-E, hvilke ringe er anbragt til ved en relativ rotationsbevægelse ankring en geometrisk akse, der er i det væsentlige sammenfaldende med fødeskaktens . geometriske -akse, at påvirke massegods, der ved tyngdekraften fødes gennem ringenes cen-15 trum , til samtidigt at fraktioneres ved samvirkning af de indbyrdes i modsat retning relativt roterende ringes skovlformede parter. Ringene 4-8 kan være anbragt til rotation i indbyrdes modsatte retninger, således som vist i det foretrukne udførelseseksempel i fig. 1, men som ^ist i fig. 1 er hveranden ring 5, 7 20 fastgjort til huset 1 og hveranden ring 4, 6 og 8 er roter- bar. Umiddelbart under fødeskakten 2 er der placeret en roterendering 4 understøttet af en ring 5, der er fastgjort til stativet eller huset. Ringen 4 består af en cirkelcylindrisk kappe 9 og en vandret topplade 10A, som danner en ringformet 25 flange, som hviler på og er fastgjort til en krave af en cirkelcylindrisk bæreprofil 11, der omgiver ringen. Bæreprofilen 11 er på ydersiden udformet med spor 12 for en kilerem, der udgør en del af drivtransmissionen for ringenes rotation.As can be seen most clearly in FIG. 1, the apparatus shown in the drawing consists of a stand 1, e.g. in the form of a shell structure of plate, or consisting of square tubes or similar parts. At the top of the rack is a circular cylindrical, substantially vertical feed shaft 2 having an inner diameter corresponding to the diameter of the mouth of a subsequent garbage disposal shaft, and preferably somewhat larger, then. fallout shaft. 3, the orifice may dive a distance into the feeder shaft 2. Vertically beneath the feeder shaft are mounted a plurality of rings 4-8 having shovel-shaped inwardly projecting portions 10A-E, which rings are arranged at an relative rotational movement anchor geometric axis substantially coincident with that of the food shaft. geometric axis, to influence mass loads fed by gravity through the center of the rings to be fractionated at the same time by cooperating the mutually rotating rings of the rotating rings relative to each other. The rings 4-8 may be arranged for rotation in mutually opposite directions, as shown in the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1, but as shown in FIG. 1, each other rings 5, 7 20 are attached to housing 1 and each other rings 4, 6 and 8 are rotatable. Immediately beneath the feed shaft 2 is a rotary ring 4 supported by a ring 5 attached to the rack or housing. The ring 4 consists of a circular cylindrical sheath 9 and a horizontal top plate 10A which forms an annular 25 flange which rests on and is attached to a collar by a circular cylindrical support profile 11 surrounding the ring. The support profile 11 is formed on the outside with groove 12 for a V-belt, which forms part of the drive transmission for the rotation of the rings.

30 Som det især fremgår af den skematiske fig. 4 er ringen 4 udformet med en indad mod ringens midte indskydende skovlformet part 10A, der optager en del af den af ringen omsluttede flade og er udformet med én mod ringen 4's centerakse vendt skovlflade 14, fortrinsvis med en kurveform, som en 35 såkaldt Archimedes spiral, dvs. med indad formindskende radi- 6 150294 us. Den skovlformede part 10A har henimod ringens inderside radialt voksende dimensioner i en retning mod ringen 4*s omdrejningsretning, der er markeret med en pil i fig. 4. Den 5 mod ringens midte skubbende part 10A afgrænser derved en excentrisk åbning, der går gennem ringen, hvis begrænsningsvægge strækker sig parallelt med ringens rotationsaksel og har et tværsnit, der i det mindste delvis begrænses af en buelinie, hvis radius aftager henimod ringens centrum. Ved 10 rotation af ringen definerer skovlfladen 14 en passage, der er fri for forhindringer, således som det er markeret ved stiplet cirkellinie i fig. 4.30 As is particularly apparent from the schematic FIG. 4, the ring 4 is formed with a paddle-shaped part 10A inwardly projecting towards the center of the ring, which takes up part of the surface enclosed by the ring and is formed with a paddle surface 14 facing the center axis of the ring 4, preferably with a curve shape, such as an Archimedes spiral. , ie with inward diminishing radi- 6 150294 us. The vane portion 10A has radially expanding dimensions towards the inside of the ring in a direction towards the rotational direction of the ring 4 *, which is indicated by an arrow in FIG. 4. The portion 10A pushing towards the center of the ring thereby defines an eccentric aperture passing through the ring, the limiting walls of which extend parallel to the axis of rotation of the ring and having a cross section, which is at least partially limited by an arc line whose radius decreases towards the center of the ring. . Upon rotation of the ring, the paddle surface 14 defines a passage free of obstacles, as indicated by the dashed circle line in FIG. 4th

De to andre roterbare ringe 6 og 8 er konstrueret på tilsva-15 rende måde som beskrevet i forbindelse med ringen 4. Ringen 6 indbefatter,således som det specielt fremgår af den skematiske fig. 6, en henimod ringens centrum skydende skovlformet part 10C med et skovlområde 15. Den væsentlige forskel i forhold til ringen 4 er, at den skovlformede part 10C sky-20 der længere ind mod ringen 6's centrum i forhold til ringen 4's tilsvarende part 10A. Ringen 6's rotation definerer derved ved sin skovlformede part 10C en passage uden hindringer, der er afmærket med stiplet cirkellinie i fig. 6, selvom åbningen er mindre end den tilsvarende åbning gennem ringen 25 4. Som vist på den skematiske fig. 8 har ringen 8 på tilsva rende måde en skovlformet part 10E med et skovlområde 16.The other two rotatable rings 6 and 8 are constructed in a similar manner as described in connection with the ring 4. The ring 6 includes, as is particularly apparent from the schematic fig. 6, a pusher-shaped portion 10C towards the center of the ring with a paddle area 15. The essential difference with respect to the ring 4 is that the pusher-shaped portion 10C projects further toward the center of the ring 6 relative to the corresponding portion 10A of the ring 4. The rotation of the ring 6 thereby defines, by its bucket-shaped part 10C, a passage without obstacles, marked by a dashed circle line in FIG. 6, although the opening is smaller than the corresponding opening through the ring 25 4. As shown in the schematic fig. 8, the ring 8 similarly has a bucket-shaped part 10E with a bucket area 16.

Den skovlformede part 10E skyder endog et stykke længere henimod ringen 8's centrum, så når ringen 8 roteres, defineres en passage fri for forhindringer, således som markeret ved 30 stiplet cirkellinie i fig. 8, idet åbningen i ringen 8 er mindre end den tilsvarende åbning for ringen 6.The vane portion 10E even shoots a little further towards the center of the ring 8, so that when the ring 8 is rotated, a passage free of obstacles is defined, as indicated by a dashed circle line in FIG. 8, the opening of the ring 8 being smaller than the corresponding opening of the ring 6.

Under den øverste roterende ring 4, og understøttende denne ring, er der en ikke-roterende ring 5, der er fastgjort til 35 stativet 1 ved hjælp af en fitting 17. Den fikserede ring er konstrueret modsvarende til de oven for beskrevne roterende ringe, men afviger ved at det omgivende bæreprofil 18 7 15029Λ ikke har nogen rande, og ved at ringens skovlformede part 20, som det klart fremgår af fig. 5, har en principielt spejlvendt udformning i forhold til ringen 4's skovlformede part 10A. Den skovlformede part 10B har henimod ringens midter-5 akse aftagende dimensioner i en retning modsat til den roterende rings retning. Modsat til det, der er tilfældet for ringen 4, er den skovlformede part 10B konstrueret med en henimod ringens centrum vendende skovlflade 20, der fra ringens omkreds strækker i en konkav bueform henimod ringens 10 centrum, fortrinsvis i en kurveform som en såkaldt Archimedes spiral. Den skovlformede part 10B skyder en smule længere henimod ringens centrum end ringens 4 tilsvarende skovlformede part 10A.Underneath the upper rotating ring 4, and supporting this ring, there is a non-rotating ring 5 attached to the support 1 by means of a fitting 17. The fixed ring is constructed corresponding to the rotating rings described above, but differs in that the surrounding support profile 18 7 15029Λ has no edges, and in that the bucket-shaped part 20 of the ring, as clearly shown in fig. 5, has a principally mirrored configuration with respect to the vane portion 10A of the ring 4. The vane portion 10B has decreasing dimensions towards the center axis of the ring in a direction opposite to the direction of the rotating ring. Contrary to the case of the ring 4, the paddle-shaped part 10B is constructed with a pivoting surface 20 facing the center of the ring, which extends from the circumference of the ring in a concave arc shape towards the center of the ring 10, preferably in a waveform such as a so-called Archimedes spiral. The vane portion 10B shoots slightly further toward the center of the ring than the corresponding vane portion 10A of the ring 4.

Den til stativet fastgjorte fikserede ring 7,der bærer den ro-15 terende ring 6, er udformet svarende til den oven for beskrevne fikserede ring 5. Ringen 7's skovlformede part skyder en smule mere henimod ringens centrum end den tilsvarende part af den oven for beliggende roterende ring 6.The fixed ring 7 attached to the rack carrying the rotating ring 6 is formed similar to the above-described fixed ring 5. The shovel-shaped part of the ring 7 shoots slightly more towards the center of the ring than the corresponding part of the above-mentioned ring. rotary ring 6.

Den nederste roterende ring 8 bæres af en bærering 22, der 20 er fastgjort til bunden 19, der igen er fastgjort til stativet med en central fødeåbning 23 for derigennem at føde massegods, der er fragmenteret af de ovenfor anbragte ringe, åbningen 23 lean som vist i fig. 9 have en form, der i hovedsagen svarer til den frie åbning i ringen 8.The lower rotating ring 8 is supported by a support ring 22 attached to the bottom 19, which is again attached to the frame with a central feed opening 23 to thereby feed bulk material fragmented by the rings disposed above, the opening 23 lean as shown. in FIG. 9 have a shape which substantially corresponds to the free opening in the ring 8.

25 Som det tydeligt fremgår af fig. 2 overlapper ringene 4-8's bæreprofil 11, 18 ringenes toppladé 10, hvoraf den enkelte rings cirkulære kappe 9 strækker sig ned under overfladen for bæreprofilen 11, 18 for den efterfølgende ring. Den labyrintlignende passage, der er frembragt ved ringens nedre, perifere del, 30 bidrager effektivt til at hindre massegodspartiklerne fra at trænge ud til omgivelserne.25 As can be seen clearly in FIG. 2, the bearing profile 11, 18 of the rings 4-8 of the rings overlaps with the top plate 10 of the rings, of which the circular sheath 9 of the individual ring extends below the surface of the carrier profile 11, 18 for the subsequent ring. The maze-like passage created at the lower peripheral portion of the ring 30 effectively contributes to preventing the bulk cargo particles from entering the environment.

Drivningen for samtidig rotation af de roterende ringe bevir- 150294 8 kes ved hjælp af en drivtransmission fra en på tegningen ikke vist drivmotor. Drivtransmissionen består af tre lodrette, i huset monterede aksler 34, 35 og 36, der set oppefra er placeret i hjørnerne af en ligesidet trekant. På hver af ak-5 sierne er der monteret tre kileremsskiver beliggende ud for hver pågældende roterende ring. Fortrinsvis er to af akslerne forbundet til deres egen drivmotor. Som det fremgår af fig.The drive for simultaneous rotation of the rotating rings is effected by means of a drive transmission from a drive motor not shown in the drawing. The drive transmission consists of three vertical, in-house shafts 34, 35 and 36, viewed from the top in the corners of an equilateral triangle. On each of the axles, three V-belt pulleys are mounted next to each rotating ring concerned. Preferably, two of the shafts are connected to their own drive motor. As shown in FIG.

4, 6 og 8 er akslerne 34, 35 og 36 placeret i en sådan afstand fra ringenes roterende aksler, at kileremmen 37 griber ind 10 i hver pågældende rings rande 12 med en given omslutningsvinkel, der skal være tilstrækkelig til at overføre drivmomentet til ringene. Trækkræfterne i kileremmen har derved en radial kraftkomponent, som på tre sider påvirker ringene og bidrager til at holde ringene centreret. Ved den i fig. 4 15 viste udformning drives ringene for rotation mod uret, som det er vist med pil i fig. 4, 6, 8 og 10.4, 6 and 8, the shafts 34, 35 and 36 are located at such a distance from the rotating shafts of the rings that the V-belt 37 engages 10 in the edges 12 of each respective ring with a given angle of enclosure sufficient to transmit the driving torque to the rings. The tensile forces in the V-belt thus have a radial force component, which on three sides affects the rings and helps to keep the rings centered. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the rings are rotated counterclockwise as shown by arrow in FIG. 4, 6, 8 and 10.

Den under den nederste roterende ring 8 beliggende bund 19 danner med sin åbning 23 en forbindelse mellem ringene og et under bunden 19 anbragt kammer 24, der fortrinsvis er udfor-20 met som en cylinder med en i det væsentlige vandret aksel, og som munder ud i et føderør 26. I det cylindriske kammer 24 er der anbragt et stempel 25, der lian forskydes i cylinderen 24 i dens længderetning mellem en bageste position vist i fuldstreg, i hvilken stilling åbningen 23 er fuld-25 stændig frilagt for derigennem at indføre en streng af fraktioneret massegods, og en forreste stilling, hvori stemplets front befinder sig på den modsatte side af åbningen 23, som vist med stiplet streg i fig. 1. Stemplets hen- og tilbagegående forskydning i cylindren 24 frembringes ved hjælp af 30 en under det cylindriske kammer 24 anbragt drivmekanisme med et vinkelgear 32. Vinkelgearets udgående akseltap bærer en krumtaparm 33, som ved sin ende er hængslet forbundet med et hængsel 28, der ved sin anden ende er hængslet forbundet med stemplet 25’s bageste ende via hængselfittings 27. Gennem 35 denne mekanisme omdannes motoren og vinkelgearets rotationsbe- 150294 9 vægeiser til en hen- og tilbagegående forskydning for cylindren 24's stempel 25.The bottom 19 of the lower rotating ring 8, with its opening 23, forms a connection between the rings and a chamber 24 located below the bottom 19, which is preferably formed as a cylinder with a substantially horizontal shaft, which opens out in a feeding tube 26. In the cylindrical chamber 24, a plunger 25 is disposed which is displaced in the cylinder 24 in its longitudinal direction between a rear position shown in full line, in which position the opening 23 is fully exposed so as to introduce a a line of fractional bulk material, and a front position in which the front of the piston is on the opposite side of the opening 23, as shown in dashed line in FIG. 1. The reciprocating displacement of the piston in the cylinder 24 is produced by means of a driving mechanism arranged under the cylindrical chamber 24 with an angular gear 32. The outward shaft of the angular gear carries a crankshaft 33, which is hinged at its end to a hinge 28 which at its other end, the hinge is connected to the rear end of the piston 25 via hinge fittings 27. Through this mechanism, the motor and the angular gear rotary gear are converted into a reciprocal displacement for the piston 25 of the cylinder 24.

Stemplet 25 består af en vandret-flad-stang 25A og 5 en lodret flad stang 25B med en bredde, der passende svarer til cylindren 24's indre diameter. Stemplets tværsnit er derfor korsformet som vist i fig. 3. På begge sider af den part af stemplets lodrette flade stang 25B, der føres hen <: over toppen af den vandrette flade stang 25A er to skrabere 29 10 fastgjort i cylindren. Skraberne 29 er placeret umiddelbart bag åbningen 23's bagside og har til formål at holde fragmenter af massegods og partikler fra at følge stemplet under dets tilbagegående slag. Ved undersiden af .stemplets vandrette flade stang 25A er der også konstrueret to skrabere 30, 15 der er fastgjort til bunden af stemplets vandrette flade stang 25A mellem denne og den lodrette flade stang 25B.The piston 25 consists of a horizontal flat bar 25A and 5 a vertical flat bar 25B having a width corresponding to the inner diameter of the cylinder 24. The cross section of the piston is therefore cruciform as shown in FIG. 3. On both sides of the portion of the piston's vertical flat bar 25B that is passed: over the top of the horizontal flat bar 25A, two scrapers 29 10 are secured to the cylinder. The scrapers 29 are located immediately behind the back of the aperture 23 and are intended to keep fragments of bulk cargo and particles from following the piston during its receding impact. At the underside of the horizontal flat bar 25A of the piston there are also constructed two scrapers 30, 15 which are attached to the bottom of the piston's horizontal flat bar 25A between this and the vertical flat bar 25B.

Skraberne 30's formål er at skrabe cylindrens bund for massegodsfragmenter og -partikler under stemplets henadgående forskydning. Skraberne 29 og 30 er således udformet som en cir-20 kelkvadrant og er udstyret med på tegningen ikke vist selvjusterende kantforinger for såvel stemplet som cylindren.The purpose of the scrapers 30 is to scrape the bottom of the cylinder for bulk cargo fragments and particles during the piston displacement. The scrapers 29 and 30 are thus designed as a circular quadrant and are equipped with self-adjusting edge linings for both the piston and the cylinder.

Ved stemplets fødningsforskydning, fødes massegods ind i udtømmingsrøret 26 samtidig med at det komprimeres. Takket være den oven for beskrevne - konstruktion for stemplet er der 25 ikke noget behov for at afskære strenge af massegods under hvert af stemplets forskydninger, hvilket ville have været tilfældet, hvis stemplet havde en fuldstændig cirkulær ar-bejdsflade rettet mod massegodset. På grund af dette er stemplets drivorgan dimensioneret for signifikant lavere kraftbe-30 hov, hvilket også i væsentlig grad nedsætter sliddet på stemplet og cylindren. Ved passage af åbningen 23 skærer stemplet 25's lodret udragende part gennem massegodsstrengen. Stempelmekanismen illustreret på tegningen drives mekanisk, men man kan selvfølgelig benytte hydrauliske eller pneumati-35 ske stempelmekanismer, der bevirker en lineær hen- og til- 150294 10 bagegående fødeforskydning.Upon the piston displacement of the piston, bulk material is fed into the discharge tube 26 at the same time as it is compressed. Thanks to the above-described construction of the plunger, there is no need to cut strands of bulk material during each of the displacements of the plunger, which would have been the case if the plunger had a completely circular work surface facing the bulk material. Because of this, the piston drive means is sized for significantly lower power requirements, which also substantially reduces the wear on the piston and the cylinder. Upon passage of aperture 23, the vertical protruding portion of piston 25 cuts through the bulk cargo string. The piston mechanism illustrated in the drawing is mechanically driven, but of course hydraulic or pneumatic piston mechanisms can be used which cause a linear reciprocal feed offset.

Når ringene 4, 6 og 8 roteres via drivtransmissionen, påvirkes det husholdningsaffald, som fra skraldnedfaldsskakten fyldes i fødeskakten 2 af den i den første ring 4 mod 5 ringens midte indskydende skovlformede part 10A. Massegodset skubbes herved delvis i retning mod ringens centrum, delvis nedad på grund af tyngdekræfterne i akslens retning. Massegodset kommer derved i berøring ved skovlfladen 20 i den under ringen 4 beliggende faste ring 5. Massegodset males, 10 dvs. fraktioneres samt påvirkes derved også i denne ring dels i retning ind mod ringens midte, dels i aksial retning henimod den efterfølgende roterende ring. Under transporten gennem alle disse ringe fremkaldes radiale variationer i massegodset og dermed en fraktionering under samtidig aksial 15 fremføring af massegodsstrengen ind i det under den nederst beliggende ring anbragte cylindriske kammer 24. Under påvirkning af den hen- og tilbagegående stempelbevægelse i dette cylindriske kammer,afskæres massegodsstrengen og presses i retning af transportrøret 26, medens stempelforskydningen 20 bevirker en komprimering af massegodset samtidig med, at det fødes ind i røret 26 r der har en større diameter end cylindren 24. Komprimeringsgraden kan varier ved at indstille cylindren 24's længde og stemplets forskydningslængde. Det i røret 26 som komprimeret streng tilførte husholdningsaffald, 25 transporteres videre i røret ved hjælp af lufttryk eller vakuum til et centralt opsamlingssted, f.eks. en container.When the rings 4, 6 and 8 are rotated via the drive transmission, the household waste which is filled from the garbage disposal shaft into the feed shaft 2 is affected by the pusher-shaped part 10A inserted in the first ring 4 towards the center of the ring. The bulk material is hereby pushed partly in the direction towards the center of the ring, partly downwards due to the forces of gravity in the direction of the shaft. The bulk material thereby comes into contact with the bucket surface 20 in the fixed ring 5 located below the ring 4. The bulk material is ground, i.e. fractionated and thereby also affected in this ring partly in the direction towards the center of the ring and partly in the axial direction towards the subsequent rotating ring. During transport through all these rings, radial variations in the bulk material are induced and thus a fractionation during simultaneous axial movement of the bulk material string into the cylindrical chamber placed under the lower ring 24. Under the influence of the reciprocating piston movement in this cylindrical chamber, the bulk cargo string and pressed in the direction of the conveyor tube 26 while the piston displacement 20 causes a compression of the bulk cargo while being fed into the tube 26 r having a larger diameter than the cylinder 24. The degree of compression can vary by adjusting the length of the cylinder 24 and the displacement length of the piston. The household waste 25 supplied in the pipe 26 as compressed string 25 is further transported into the pipe by air pressure or vacuum to a central collection point, e.g. a container.

Apparatet ifølge opfindelsen kan takket være sin enkle konstruktion fremstilles til lave omkostninger og er på grund af sin kompakte konstruktion meget egnet til at installeres 30 i trange rum. Da apparatet såvel komprimerer som udtømmer husholdningsaffaldet, kan transportrøret for det komprimerede husholdningsskrald holdes forholdsvis lille, hvilket er fordelagtig for installering og for rørføringen.The apparatus according to the invention can be manufactured at low cost thanks to its simple construction and is very suitable for installation in confined spaces due to its compact construction. As the apparatus both compresses and discharges the household waste, the transport tube for the compressed household garbage can be kept relatively small, which is advantageous for installation and for the piping.

Claims (3)

150294 Patentkrav.150294 Patent Claims. 1. Apparat til fragmentering, komprimering og udtømning af voluminøst massegods, specielt husholdningsaffald, og omfattende en af et stativ båretv i det væsentlige i apparatets brugsstilling lodret fødeskakt med cirkulær udtømningsåbning, mindst to cylindriske ringe (4-8) anbragt den ene over den anden under 10 fødeskakten for relativ rotationsforskydning i indbyrdes modsat te retninger i det væsentlige omkring udtømningsåbningens geometriske aksel, hvorved i ringene værende massegods påvirkes i retningen mod ringenes centrum, kendetegnet ved, at hver ring (4-8) er udstyret med en excentrisk fremspringen-j5 de skovlformet part (10A-10E) med en i det væsentlige spiral formet lodret væg, som definerer en excentrisk gennemgående åbning i ringen, at den skovlformede part (10A-10E) for hver ring strækker sig længere henimod ringens centrum end den skovlformede part i den oven for beliggende ring, og at den 2o skovlformede parts (10A-10E) krumning i hveranden ring er væsentlig spejlvendt i forhold til den modstående krumning i mellemliggende ringe.An apparatus for fragmenting, compressing and discharging bulky bulk cargo, especially household waste, and comprising one of a frame carrying nets, substantially in the position of use of the apparatus, a vertical feed shaft with a circular discharge opening, at least two cylindrical rings (4-8) arranged one above the other. below the feed shaft for relative rotational displacement in mutually opposite directions substantially around the geometric shaft of the discharge aperture, whereby in the rings, bulk material is actuated in the direction towards the center of the rings, characterized in that each ring (4-8) is provided with an eccentric projection. the vane portion (10A-10E) having a substantially helical vertical wall defining an eccentric through-hole opening that the vane portion (10A-10E) of each ring extends further toward the center of the ring than the vane portion of the ring; the overlying ring and the curvature of the 2o bucket-shaped part (10A-10E) in each other's ring is substantially mirrored relative to the opposite curvature of intermediate rings. 2. Apparat ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at den 25 første ring (4) , der er placeret direkte under føde skakten, og hveranden efterfølgende ring (6, 8) er roterbar, og at den ring (5), der er beliggende direkte under den første roterbare ring (4) og hveranden efterfølgende ring (7) er fast monteret i stativet. 30Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the first ring (4) located directly below the feed shaft and the subsequent ring (6, 8) is rotatable and that the ring (5) located directly below the first rotatable ring (4) and each other subsequent ring (7) is fixedly mounted in the rack. 30 3. Apparat ifølge krav 1 og 2, kendetegnet ved, at den skovlformede part (10A-E) optager en del af den af ringen omsluttede flade til begrænsning af ringens frie gennemstrømningsareal, og at den skovlformede part har en mod ringens 35 aksel vendt skovlflade (14, 20), som fra ringens periferi strækker sig i konkav bueform med ind mod ringens midte aftagende radius.Apparatus according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the bucket-shaped part (10A-E) occupies part of the surface enclosed by the ring for limiting the free flow area of the ring and that the bucket-shaped part has a bucket surface facing the shaft 35 (14, 20) extending from the periphery of the ring in concave arc shape towards the center of the ring decreasing radius.
DK508082A 1981-03-17 1982-11-15 APPARATUS FOR FRAGMENTING, COMPRESSING AND EXTINGUISHING VOLUMINOEST LIQUID GOODS, ISAER Household Waste DK150294C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8101680 1981-03-17
SE8101680 1981-03-17
SE8200073 1982-01-08
PCT/SE1982/000073 WO1982003200A1 (en) 1981-03-17 1982-03-17 Device for fragmenting,compacting and discharging of voluminous bulk goods,in particular household waste

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DK508082A DK508082A (en) 1982-11-15
DK150294B true DK150294B (en) 1987-02-02
DK150294C DK150294C (en) 1987-11-23

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EP (1) EP0085054B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3274528D1 (en)
DK (1) DK150294C (en)
FI (1) FI74655C (en)
WO (1) WO1982003200A1 (en)

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DE4208584C2 (en) * 1992-03-18 1994-02-10 Lindemann Maschfab Gmbh Guide shaft for a baler
NL1013085C2 (en) 1999-09-17 2001-03-20 Skeet Aba Holding B V Method and device for comminuting material parts.
KR20110115999A (en) 2008-12-18 2011-10-24 프리미엄 페이턴트 에스디엔. 비에이치디 Method and system for pushing and moving solid waste
FI122102B (en) 2010-02-12 2011-08-31 Maricap Oy Method and apparatus for treating material in a pneumatic tube conveying system
FI126930B (en) 2012-05-07 2017-08-15 Maricap Oy Method and apparatus for processing materials in a pneumatic material handling system
FI126111B (en) 2012-05-07 2016-06-30 Maricap Oy Method and device for feeding material into a rotary machining device
FI125741B (en) * 2012-07-02 2016-01-29 Maricap Oy Method and apparatus for treating material in a pneumatic material handling system

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FI74655C (en) 1988-03-10
DK508082A (en) 1982-11-15
EP0085054A1 (en) 1983-08-10
FI831286L (en) 1983-04-15
DE3274528D1 (en) 1987-01-15
EP0085054B1 (en) 1986-12-03
FI74655B (en) 1987-11-30
DK150294C (en) 1987-11-23
FI831286A0 (en) 1983-04-15
WO1982003200A1 (en) 1982-09-30

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