USRE37940E1 - Interpolation method and color correction method using interpolation - Google Patents

Interpolation method and color correction method using interpolation Download PDF

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USRE37940E1
USRE37940E1 US08/644,827 US64482796A USRE37940E US RE37940 E1 USRE37940 E1 US RE37940E1 US 64482796 A US64482796 A US 64482796A US RE37940 E USRE37940 E US RE37940E
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signals
color
data
correction
interpolation
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Kaoru Imao
Satoshi Ohuchi
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
    • H04N1/56—Processing of colour picture signals
    • H04N1/60—Colour correction or control
    • H04N1/6016—Conversion to subtractive colour signals
    • H04N1/6019—Conversion to subtractive colour signals using look-up tables

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  • the present invention generally relates to an interpolation method and a color correction method using interpolation, and more particularly to an interpolation method and a color correction method using interpolation in which yellow, magenta and cyan signals are generated from red, green and blue input signals.
  • the methods are applicable to color copiers and color facsimile machines.
  • a linear masking techniques is known as a conventional color correction method.
  • yellow, magenta and cyan ink quantity signals Y, M and C are obtained from red, green and blue input concentration signals R, G and B, and a relationship between the ink quantity signals and the input signals is represented by the following formula.
  • a 10 through a 33 are correction coefficients whose values can be determined through a beast square method on measurement data obtained by scanning several color pattern data.
  • RGB space is divided into plural unit cubes, color correction data is predetermined with respect to eight lattice points of each of the unit cubes, and color correction values corresponding to input RGB signals at intermediate points between two of the lattice points, are obtained through 8 -point linear interpolation which is done using the predetermined correction data.
  • the linear interpolation it is required to calculate eight products and sums with the data.
  • This first method has a problem in that it requires a long processing time for color correction and relatively complicated hardware. Also, in the case of the first method there is a problem in that on boundaries between adjacent unit cubes there exists a discontinuity in interpolation values calculated by the linear interpolation procedure.
  • a second interpolation method was proposed in order to eliminate the above described problems of the first method.
  • Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-16180 discloses such an interpolation method.
  • RGB space is divided into plural unit cubes and each of the unit cubes is further divided into plural small tetrahedrons.
  • Color correction data is predetermined with respect to four vertex points of each of the tetrahedrons, and it is stored in a memory.
  • RGB space is divided into plural unit cubes, each of the unit cubes is further divided into five small tetrahedrons, and color correction factors, which are predetermined with respect to four vertex points of each of the tetrahedrons, are stored in a memory.
  • a unit cube is selected from the plural unit cubes, and one tetrahedron is selected from the plural tetrahedrons included in the selected unit cube based on the lower bits of data of the input RGB signals.
  • Color correction values corresponding to the input RGB signals are obtained through multiplication/addition calculations done, using the stored color correction factors, with respect to the selected tetrahedron and the data of the input RGB signals.
  • Y, M and C correction values corresponding to lattice points on each tetrahedron, are determined by calculating, through a least square method, correction factors included in a non-linear function such as that represented by formula (2).
  • the YMC correction values corresponding to the lattice points can be determined appropriately only if the number of small tetrahedrons into which RGB space is divided is great enough. Thus, only if such a condition is satisfied, the interpolation can be done within unit regions, so as to achieve very accurate color correction results. If the number of small tetrahedrons is not great enough, it is difficult to achieve accurate color correction through the above interpolation techniques. Also, in the cases of the above techniques, the YMC correction values corresponding to the lattice points of the tetrahedrons are determined regardless of whether or not the number of such tetrahedrons is large enough.
  • the above described methods use reference ink quantity signals measured by scanning color patterns which are printed with predetermined ink quantities, and concentration data obtained by decomposing the scanned data of the color patterns.
  • the concentration data exists sparsely in peripheral areas of RGB space, which areas are located in RGB space at corners and peripheral portions distant from the diagonal line.
  • FIG.1A shows such a distribution of the concentration data obtained from the printed color patterns in RGB space.
  • FIG.1B shows a distribution of concentration data generated by scanning photographic data.
  • the concentration data from the photographic data exists in a wider region of the RG plane, approaching the peripheral portions thereof, as indicated by a dotted line 13 in FIG. 1 B.
  • Another and more specific object of the present invention is to provide an interpolation method which realizes a color correction hardware of simple structure, and carries out accurate color correction using a memory of small storage capacity.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide an interpolation method of the space-division type in which lattice point is appropriately predetermined corresponding to lattice points in RGB space.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a color correction method which improves the quality of a reproduced image corresponding to a peripheral area of RGB space.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a color correction method which improves the quality of a reproduced image corresponding to a local area of RGB space in which a color difference between the original image and the reproduced image is appreciable.
  • an interpolation method for converting input color signals into correction signals which comprises the steps of selecting a triangular prism based x, y and z coordinates of the input signals from plural unit triangular prisms into which XYZ space is divided, reading out lattice point data of the selected triangular prism from a memory in which predetermined correction data is stored, the correction data corresponding to lattice points of each of the plural unit triangular prisms, and calculating correction data corresponding to the input signals through interpolation of values of the lattice point data read out from the memory so that the correction signals are generated based on the calculated correction data.
  • an interpolation method for converting input color signals into correction signals which comprises the steps of selecting a triangular prism based x, y and z coordinates of the input signals from plural unit triangular prisms into which XYZ space is divided, reading out lattice point data of the selected triangular prism from a memory in which predetermined correction data is stored, the
  • a color correction method for generating color correction signals Y, M and C from input signals R, G and B through interpolation which comprises the steps of calculating a set of correction factors included in a linear function and a set of correction factors included in a non-linear function through a least square method based on plural color pattern data which is printed with predetermined ink quantities, and based on density data obtained by color decomposition of the plural color pattern data, determining correction signals Y, M and C, corresponding to lattice points in RGB space by using either the linear of the non-linear function including the calculated set of correction factors, setting the correction signals Y, M and C, determined by using the linear function, to a lattice point in RGB space when the lattice point is located in an area of RGB space in which the density data is lower than a predetermined level, and setting the correction signals Y, M and C, determined by using the non-linear function, to a lattice point in RGB space when the
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B are diagrams for explaining a distribution of concentration data in RGB space, the concentration data being obtained from printed data and photographic data;
  • FIG.2 is a diagram showing peripheral areas of RGB space in which an irregularity is likely to appear in a reproduced image
  • FIG.3 is a block diagram showing a construction of a color correction apparatus to which an embodiment of the present invention is applied;
  • FIG.4 is a diagram for explaining a method of dividing XYZ space into unit triangular prisms
  • FIG.5 is a diagram for explaining interpolation which is done in a triangular prism
  • FIG.6 is a diagram for explaining interpolation which is done on a triangular section of a triangular prism
  • FIGS.7A and 7B are diagrams for explaining two types of space division methods to divide three-dimensional space into type-1 unit triangular prisms and divide the same into type-2 unit triangular prisms;
  • FIGS.8A and 8B are diagrams for explaining a selection process according to the invention for selecting a type-1 triangular prism based on input signals;
  • FIG.9 is a diagram for explaining a signal generating process in which a select signal is generated for selecting a type-1 triangular prism
  • FIGS.10A and 10B are diagrams for explaining a selection process according to the invention to select a type-2 triangular prism based on input signals;
  • FIG.11 is a diagram for explaining a signal generating process in which a select signal is generated for selecting a type-2 triangular prism
  • FIG.12 is a chart for explaining a linear interpolation done in a triangle
  • FIG.13 is a diagram for explaining a linear interpolation done in a triangle section of a selected type-1 triangular prism
  • FIG.14 is a diagram for explaining a linear interpolation done in triangle sections 0 to 3 of a selected type-2 triangular prism
  • FIG.15 is a block diagram showing a construction of a color correction apparatus in a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a construction of a color correction apparatus in a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining a setting method for presetting output data corresponding to lattice points of a triangular prism in RGB space;
  • FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a construction of a color copier to which the color correction method using interpolation of the present invention is applied;
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of output data when color pattern data is scanned.
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a neighborhood area in G-R plane which contains a subject lattice point
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram showing lattice points located in an achromatic color area in the G-R plane.
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram showing lattice points located in a highlighted area in the G-R plane.
  • FIG.4 XYZ space is divided into plural unit triangular prisms, and in FIG.5, each of the triangular prisms has six vertex points to which six predetermined output values correspond.
  • an output data P needs to be obtained from input data having x, y and z coordinates
  • a unit triangular prism containing the x, y and z coordinates of the input data is selected from the plural triangular prisms.
  • the output data P is then determined through linear interpolation, based on predetermined output values corresponding to vertex points of the selected unit triangular prism.
  • RGB space in which a point can be defined by red, green and blue input signals corresponds to XYZ space mentioned above.
  • the output data P mentioned above corresponds to a set of yellow, magenta, cyan and black output signals.
  • FIG.5 shows a unit triangular prism for explaining linear interpolation according to the present invention, which is performed on ridges of the triangular prism.
  • a triangle section 31 including x, y and z coordinates (unknown) of the output data P, and Pa, Pb and Pc being output values corresponding to points on ridges of the triangular prism 31 which are intersected by the triangle section 32 .
  • the value of Pa is obtained through linear interpolation based on a ratio in length of a line segment P 1 -Pa to a line segment Pa-P 2 , as follows.
  • ml is the length of the segment P 1 -Pa and m 2 is the length of the segment Pa-P 2 .
  • Pb and Pc are obtained through linear interpolation based on a corresponding segment ratio in a similar manner.
  • FIG.6 is a diagram for explaining a method of determining the output data P through linear interpolation based on the known values Pa, Pb and Pc previously obtained.
  • a triangle ABC which is equivalent to the triangle section 31 in FIG.5, is divided into three small triangles PBC, PCA and PAB whose areas are equal to Sa, Sb and Sc respectively.
  • the x, y and z coordinates of the output data P are determined through linear interpolation, based on the ratio of areas of the three triangles.
  • the output data P is represented by the following formula.
  • FIG.7A shows the above method for dividing three-dimensional space into plural unit triangular prisms, and such unit triangular prisms are called hereinafter type-1 triangular prisms.
  • FIG.7B shows another method for dividing three-dimensional space into plural unit triangular prisms, and such unit triangular prisms obtained by the space-division method are called hereinafter type-2 triangular prisms.
  • the color correction apparatus shown in FIG.3 obtains a yellow ink quantity signal Y from input density signals X, Y and Z (which are, for example, red, green and blue signals R, G and B), and outputs the yellow ink quantity signal Y. Similarly, it is possible to construct a color correction apparatus for outputting magenta and cyan ink quantity signals M and C.
  • a first interpolation part 200 includes three multipliers 201 and three adders 202 , and performs interpolation calculations on the selected prism based on the gradient factors “ai” and the intercept factors “bi” from the selection/memory part 100 .
  • a second interpolation part 300 includes two subtracters 301 , 302 , a multiplexer 303 , two multipliers 304 , 305 and an adder 306 , and performs interpolation calculations of a triangle section of the selected prism which section is selected based on output data from the first interpolation part 200 .
  • Data “Pb-Pa” supplied by the subtracter 301 and data “Pc-Pb” supplied by the subtracter 302 are the input to the multiplexer 303 , and the multiplexer 302 outputs signals indicative of correction factors a and b to the multipliers 304 and 305 , respectively.
  • XYZ space is divided into plural unit cubes (2 3n cubes), and x, y and z coordinates of XYZ space are divided into plural unit segments (2 n unit segments ).
  • Input signals X, Y and Z each having “f” bits are represented by
  • x, y and z denote data at higher bits of the signals X, Y and Z, the number of higher bits indicated by “n”, and d x, d y and d z denote data at lower bits of the signals X, Y and Z, the number of lower bits indicated by “f-n”.
  • a unit cube is selected from the plural unit cubes based on the data (x, y, z) at higher bits of the signals X, Y and Z, and relative positions in the selected cube are obtained based on the data ( d x, d y and d z) at lower bits of the signals X, Y and Z.
  • the higher bits of the signals denote the most signification four bits and the lower bits of the signals denote the least significant four bits.
  • FIG. 8A shows a unit cube selected from the plural unit cubes based on the data (x, y, z) at higher bits of the input signals X, Y and Z
  • FIG. 8B shows two triangular prisms in a top view of the selected unit cube having four ridges A, B, C and D (which extend vertically along the Z axis in XYZ space).
  • the two ridges A and C, to form part of a triangular prism to be selected are chosen based on the data (x, y, z) at higher bits of the input signals X, Y and Z
  • the remaining ridge (B or D), to form part of the triangular prism is chosen based on the data (x, y, z) at higher bits of the signals X, Y and Z and based on the relationship in magnitude between the data ( d x, d y) at lower bits of the signals X and Y.
  • the ridge B is chosen as the remaining ridge of the triangular prism to be selected.
  • FIG. 9 shows a detailed structure of the selection/memory part 100 for generating a select signal to select the type-1 triangular prism based on the input signals X, Y and Z.
  • the selection/memory part 100 includes two memories 71 and 72 . Based on the data (x, y, z) at higher bits of the input signals, predetermined ridge data is read out from the memory 71 , and the two ridges (A, C) of the triangular prism are selected.
  • predetermined ridge data is read out from the memory 72 , and the remaining ridge of the triangular prism is selected. For example, if d x ⁇ d y, predetermined ridge data for selecting the ridge B as the remaining ridge which forms part of the triangular prism “ABC” is read out from the memory 72 . If d x ⁇ d y, predetermined ridge data to select the ridge D a the remaining ridge to form the triangular prism “ACD” is read out from the memory 72 . From such ridge data, the selection/memory part 100 generates a select signal to indicate whether the triangular prism “ABC” or the triangular prism “ACD” is selected.
  • FIG.10A shows a unit cube selected from the plural unit cubes based on the data (x, y, z) at higher bits of the input signals X, Y and Z.
  • FIG.10B shows four triangular prisms in a top view of the selected unit cube. Each of the triangular prisms has a center ridge E passing through a center line extending vertically along the Z axis in XYZ space.
  • each of the triangular prisms is chosen based on the data (x, y, z) at higher bits of input signals X, Y, Z.
  • the remaining two ridges which form part of each of the triangular prisms are chosen based on the data (x, y, z) at higher bits of the signals X, Y, Z and based on the relationship between the data ( d x, d y) at lower bits of the signals X, Y.
  • FIG.11 shows a detailed structure of the selection/memory part 100 for generating a select signal to select type-1 triangular prisms, based on the input signals X, Y and Z.
  • This selection/memory part 100 includes three memories 91 , 92 and 93 . Based on the data (x, y, z) at higher bits of the input signals, predetermined ridge data is read out from the memory 91 so as to select the center ridge E of each of the type-2 triangular prisms.
  • predetermined ridge data is read out from the memory 93 so as to select the remaining ridge C to form part of the prism if d x+ d y ⁇ 1, or so as to select the remaining ridge A if d x+ d y ⁇ 1.
  • the selection/memory part 100 From these ridge data, the selection/memory part 100 generates a select signal to select the triangular prism “ABE”, “BEC”, “CED” or “AED”.
  • the capacity of the memories required when the type-2 method is applied is smaller than the capacity of the memories required when the type 1 method is applied, if the number of lattice points is the same for the two methods.
  • Application of the type-2 method is advantageous for a color copier in which high-speed processing is needed.
  • a case in which the type-1 method is applied is essentially the same as the type-1 method case, but only the values of the coefficients a, b, c, when the interpolation is done on a triangle section by applying the type-1 method, differ from those values of the coefficients obtained by applying the type-2 method.
  • this second method is to predetermine a gradient factor “ai” (which corresponds to (P 2 ⁇ P 1 )) and an intercept factor “bi” (which corresponds to P 2 ), and store these factors beforehand in the selection/memory part 100 .
  • This second method has an advantageous feature that no subtracter is needed for calculating the data corresponding to (P 2 ⁇ P 1 ). Thus, this second method is used by the interpolation method of the invention.
  • a triangular prism is chosen based on the data (x, y, z) at the higher bits of the input signals X, Y and Z and based on the data ( d x, d y, d z) at the lower bits thereof.
  • the selection/memory part 100 reads out, from the memories thereof, a set of signals indicating gradient and intercept factors (a 1 , b 1 ), (a 2 , b 2 ) and (a 3 , b 3 ) with respect to first, second and third ridges of the selected unit triangular prism, and supplies the signals indicating these factors to the first interpolation part 200 .
  • the second interpolation part 300 generates the final output data P through linear interpolation based on the segment ratios which are obtained from the output data Pa, Pb and Pc supplied by the first interpolation part 200 .
  • FIG.13 is a diagram for explaining linear interpolation which is done in a triangle section of a selected type-1 triangular prism. As shown in FIG.13, if d x> d y, the output data P lies within a triangle section 1 of the unit triangular prism “ABC”, and the output data P is obtained through linear interpolation in the triangle section 1 as follows.
  • the output data P lies within a triangle section 2 of the unit triangular prism “ACD” and the output data P is obtained through linear interpolation in the triangle section 2 as follows
  • the subtracters 301 and 302 calculate difference data (Pb ⁇ Pa) and (Pc ⁇ Pb), from the output data Pa, Pb, Pc supplied by the first interpolation part 200 , and the calculated data (Pb ⁇ Pa) and (Pc ⁇ Pb) are supplied to the multiplexer 303 .
  • the multiplexer 303 performs different operations depending on control signal indicating d x ⁇ d y or d x ⁇ d y. If d x d y d x ⁇ d y, the multiplexer 303 supplies difference data (Pb ⁇ Pa) and (Pc ⁇ Pb) to the multipliers 304 and 305 .
  • Data equivalent to (Pb ⁇ Pa) d x is supplied by the multiplier 304 and data equivalent to (Pc ⁇ Pb) d y is supplied by the multiplier 305 to the adder 306 .
  • the final output data P is generated by the adder 306 from the data from the multipliers 304 and 305 and the adder 202 . If d x ⁇ d y, the multiplexer 304 supplies difference data (Pc ⁇ Pb) and (Pb ⁇ Pa) to the multipliers 304 and 305 .
  • Data equivalent to (Pc ⁇ Pb) d x is supplied by the multiplier 304 to the adder 306 and data equivalent to (Pb ⁇ Pa) d y is supplied by the multiplier 305 to the adder 306 .
  • the final output data P is generated by the adder 306 from the data generated by the multipliers 304 , 305 and the adder 202 .
  • the output data P corresponds to, for example, a yellow signal Y indicating yellow ink quantity.
  • the coefficients, a , b and c in the above case differ from those when the linear interpolation is calculated with respect to type-2 unit triangular prisms.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining linear interpolation done in triangle sections “0” to “3” of the type-2 triangular prisms, and the coefficients a , b and c used in the formula in this case are as follows. It is assumed that output data corresponding to vertex points A, B and C of each of the triangle sections are Pa, Pb and Pc, respectively.
  • the coefficients a , b and c in the triangle section “0” corresponds to the data (Pb ⁇ Pc), (2Pa ⁇ Pb ⁇ Pc) and (Pc), the a , b and c in the triangle section “1” correspond to the data (2Pa ⁇ Pb ⁇ Pc), (Pb ⁇ Pc) and (Pc), the a , b and c in the triangle section “2” correspond to the data (Pb+Pc ⁇ 2Pa), (Pc ⁇ Pb) and (2Pa ⁇ Pc), the a , b and c in the triangle section “3” correspond to the data (Pc ⁇ Pb), (Pb+Pc ⁇ 2Pa) and (2Pa ⁇ Pc), respectively.
  • the above linear interpolation is calculated by applying these coefficients to the triangle sections “0” to “3”.
  • this color correction apparatus includes a read-only memory (ROM) 131 , an interpolation part 132 having a random access memory (RAM) 133 , a Y signal part 134 , an M signal part 135 and a C signal part 136 , and a central processing unit (CPU) 137 .
  • ROM read-only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • CPU central processing unit
  • ROM 131 predetermined output data corresponding to lattice points in a triangular prism is stored. For example, when input signals X, Y and Z are divided into four parts, the output data stored in the ROM 131 has a storage capacity equivalent to 64 bytes per color signal.
  • the interpolation part 132 having a construction like that of the first interpolation part 200 or the second interpolation part 300 shown in FIG.3 loads the predetermined lattice point data corresponding to the lattice points, stored in the ROM 131 , into the RAM 133 when color correction is started.
  • the Y, M and C signal parts 134 , 135 and 136 generate yellow, magenta and cyan output signals Y, M, C based on the input signals R, G and B.
  • the CPU 137 is a main control part of the apparatus shown in FIG.15 for controlling operations of the interpolation part 132 and the ROM 131 .
  • this second embodiment a case is considered in which simultaneous access is given to the data in the ROM 131 corresponding to adjacent lattice points of a triangular prism.
  • an overlaying part of the lattice point data (equivalent to storage capacity of 512 bytes) in the ROM 131 is loaded into the RAM 133 by the interpolation part 132 .
  • it is possible to store the lattice point data having a very small storage capacity in the ROM 131 thus allowing a read-only memory having a small storage capacity to be used.
  • FIG.16 shows a color correction apparatus is a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • this color correction apparatus has a construction that is essentially the same as the second embodiment described above, except that the color correction apparatus shown in FIG.16 includes a picture processing part 138
  • this picture processing part 130 performs color correction or adjustment of the lattice point data stored in the ROM 131 , thereby allowing the color correction apparatus of the third embodiment to perform color correction flexibility.
  • this setting method to predetermine output data corresponding to lattice points of a triangular prism is used for interpolation, and this setting method can be used appropriately with space division type interpolation.
  • the conventional setting method described above is selected and used so as to achieve accurate interpolation results within unit regions, but such results are realized only when the number of tetrahedrons into which XYZ space is divided is large enough.
  • the conventional setting method does not achieve accurate interpolation results. Also, the conventional method has a problem in that the YMC correction values corresponding to the lattice points of the tetrahedrons are predetermined regardless of whether or not the number of such tetrahedrons is large enough.
  • the setting method according to the present invention is used suitably in a space-division type interpolation as mentioned above.
  • This setting method can produce accurate interpolation results even when XYZ space is divided into a small number of triangular prisms.
  • a detailed description of this setting method will now follow. It is to be noted that the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, but applicable to 8-point or 4-point interpolation.
  • a gamma conversion is performed of color pattern data which is previously classified in 16 stages as input data, and a half tone process of such a conversion data is performed so as to generate output signals Y, M and C with 256 halftone data.
  • a hardcopy is produced by the output signals Y, M and C with 256 halftone data. This hardcopy is scanned by a scanner, and density data (R, G, B) is measured from the scanned data for each hardcopy. A relationship between the output signals (Yp, Mp, Cp) and the density data (Rp, Gp, Bp) is thus obtained (p: color patch number).
  • a set of coefficients of a linear function is obtained by applying the least square method to small unit regions. Such coefficients are used in the linear function, and output data corresponding to lattice points in the unit regions is calculated and predetermined by using the linear function including the coefficients.
  • the x, y and z coordinates of the lattice point data Pi,j,k are represented as follows.
  • a function D( 1 ) ijk is defined in such a way that D( 1 ) ijk is equal to 1 when a point at x, y, z coordinates is located within a unit triangular prism including a point (i d x, j d y, k d z) as the starting point, and D( 1 ) ijk is equal to ) when the point at x, y, z coordinates is located outside the unit triangular prism 1 .
  • the area represented by the above formula (11) is included in either the triangular prism ABC shown in FIGS.8A and 8B, or the triangle section 1 shown in FIG.13.
  • a function D( 2 ) ijk is defined in such a way that D( 2 ) ijk is equal to 1 when a point x, y, z coordinates in XYZ space is located within an area of a unit triangular prism 2 including a point (i d x, j d y, k d z) as the starting point, and D( 2 ) ijk is equal to 0 when the point at x, y, z coordinates in XYZ space is located outside the unit triangular prism 2 .
  • the area of XYZ space represented by the formula (12) is included in either the triangular prism ACD shown in FIGS.8A and 8B, or the triangle section 2 shown in FIG. 13 .
  • the lattice point data corresponding to the six lattice points of the unit triangular prism is shown in FIG. 17 .
  • Output data Pa, Pb and Pc included in an intersecting plane between the triangular prism and a triangle section that satisfies x, y and z coordinates of the output P, are obtained through interpolation in a ridge of the triangular prism based on the lattice point data, as follows.
  • Pa P ⁇ ⁇ i , j , k + dz ⁇ ⁇ ijk ⁇ ⁇ ( P ⁇ ⁇ i , j , k + 1 - P ⁇ ⁇ i , j , k )
  • Pb P ⁇ ⁇ i + 1 , j , k + dz ⁇ ⁇ ijk ⁇ ⁇ ( Pi + 1 , j , k + 1 - Pi + 1 , j , k )
  • Pc Pi + 1 , j + 1 , k + dz ⁇ ⁇ ijk ⁇ ⁇ ( Pi + 1 , j + 1 , k + 1 - Pi + 1 , j + 1 , k ) ( 13 )
  • the output P is obtained through linear interpolation which is done in a triangle section based on the output data Pa, Pb and Pc which are calculated by the formula (13), as follows.
  • the above formula is a linear function expressed in a linear form of the lattice point data Pi,j,k, as indicated in the formula (16), and the least square method is suitably applicable to this linear function.
  • the coefficients of the linear function ar determined through the least square method by using the results of the color pattern data, and the lattice point values are calculated by using the linear function including the coefficients thus determined.
  • FIG.18 shows a construction of a color copier to which the present invention is applied.
  • an input sensor 161 has photoelectric conversion elements such as charge-coupled devices (CCDs), and this input sensor scans a color document by scanning light so that red, green and blue input signals (R, G, B) are generated by the input sensor 161 from the scanned color document.
  • An analog-to-digital converter (A/D converter) 162 converts the analog signals (R, G, B) from the input sensor 161 into digital signals, which are, for example, 8-bit digital signals.
  • a log converter 163 performs conversion of the density of the digital RGB signals from the A/D converter 162 to output density data R, G, B.
  • a color correction circuit 164 in the color copier shown in FIG.18 is a circuit to which the color correction method of the invention is applied.
  • This color correction circuit 164 generates Y, M, C ink quantity signals based on the R, G, B density data supplied by the log converter 163 . More specifically, RGB space is divided into plural unit cubes, and color correction data with respect to eight lattice points of each of the unit cubes is predetermined through the least square method.
  • Such predetermined color correction data (Y, M and C values) corresponding to the eight lattice points of each unit cube are stored beforehand in a memory or table.
  • Color correction values corresponding to input RGB signals whose density data is located at intermediate points between two lattice points of each unit cube, are obtained through linear interpolation of the predetermined color correction values stored in the memory so that Y, M and C ink quantity signals are generated by the color correction circuit 164 .
  • a UCR circuit 165 in the color copier shown in FIG.18 is a circuit which performs under-color removal process.
  • This UCR circuit 165 generates Y 1 , C 1 and M 1 ink quantity signals, to which the under-color removal process is performed partially or totally, and generates a K 1 black ink quantity signal, based on the Y, M and C signals supplied by the color correction circuit 165 .
  • the ink quantity signals Y 1 , M 1 , C 1 and K 1 generated by the UCR circuit 165 are represented by the following formulas.
  • a is a given coefficient which is equal to, for example, 0.5.
  • the UCR circuit 165 allows the reproduced image to have a clearly reproduced black ink area especially in a high-concentration area, such a clear black area whose density is determined by the black ink quantity signal cannot be reproduced by combining three Y, M, C ink quantity signals. Thus, it is possible to make visual appearance of dark areas in a reproduced image very clear, and efficiently reduce the total quantity of ink used.
  • a dither circuit 166 is a circuit that binarizes the Y 1 , M 1 , C 1 and K 1 ink quantity signals, supplied by the UCR circuit 165 , through application of a structural dither method.
  • This dither circuit 166 generates such binary ink quantity signals Y 2 , M 2 , C 2 and K 2 , and supplies each bit indicated by the signals to a color printer 167 one by one, so that a color image is reproduced by a on/off control of each ink dot for each color.
  • a setting method to preset output data corresponding to eight lattice points of a triangular prism which is used for the interpolation method in this fifth embodiment of the invention.
  • density data (R, G, B) for the color pattern data is measured from Y, M and C color signals supplied by the color correction circuit 164 before the UCR process is performed.
  • FIG.19 shows an example of output data which are obtained by scanning the 4913 color pattern data (color patch data) and measuring the results of color correction performed by the color copier shown in FIG. 18 .
  • the output data is used as the predetermined color correction data (Y, M, C) corresponding to the lattice points of the triangular prisms.
  • the color correction circuit 164 By scanning each of the color pattern data by means of the input sensor 161 , the color correction circuit 164 receives each of the scanned color pattern data via the A/D converter 162 and the log converter 163 , and generates Y, M, C ink quantity signals of the color pattern data, so that R, G, B density data is measured from Y, M, C color signals for each of the color pattern data. Thus, a relationship between the output signals (Y, M, C) and the 4913 density data (R, G, B) is obtained. By using such a relationship, the correction factors a 10 through a 33 of the linear function represented by the above formula (1), and the correction factors a 10 through a 39 of the non-linear function represented by the above formula (2) are determined through the least square method.
  • the color correction circuit 164 judges whether or not the number of color pattern data which is located in a neighborhood area adjacent to a lattice point in RGB space is greater than a predetermined number.
  • FIG.20 shows a neighborhood area in the G-R plane which contains a subject lattice point. Assuming that a lattice point 181 has coordinates (r, g, b) in RGB space, the number of color pattern data which are located in a neighborhood area 182 , as indicated by shading lines in FIG.20, is determined and compared with a predetermined number.
  • the color correction circuit 164 counts the number of color pattern data (R, G, B) satisfying the formulas: r ⁇ 1 ⁇ R ⁇ r+1, g ⁇ 1 ⁇ G ⁇ g+1, b ⁇ 1 ⁇ B ⁇ b+1, and it judges whether or not the counted number of such color pattern data is greater than a predetermined number.
  • the Y, M and C color correction data corresponding to the lattice point is determined by using the linear function (1) including the correction factors a 10 through a 33 . If the number of color pattern data included in the neighborhood area is greater than the predetermined number, the Y, M, C color correction data corresponding to the lattice point is determined by using the non-linear function (2) including the correction factors a 10 through a 39 .
  • the non-linear function (2) including the correction factors a 10 through a 39 .
  • the color correction method in this embodiment is directed to improvement of the quality of reproduced images whose coordinates lie in local areas of RGB space in which a difference in color between original image and reproduced image is very appreciable. Such local areas include an achromatic color area and a highlighted area.
  • a relationship between the output signals (Y, M, C) and the 4913 density data (R, G, B) is obtained.
  • the correction factors a 10 through a 33 of the non-linear function, represented by the formula (2) are determined through the least square method.
  • the Y, M, C color correction data is predetermined by using the non-linear function (the formula (2)) containing the correction factors a 10 through a 39 .
  • the correction factors a 10 through a 39 of the non-linear function, represented by the formula (2) are determined through the least square method. Also, among such set of the (R, G, B) and (Y, M, C) data, only highlighted area data in which the conditions: R ⁇ threshold Tr, G ⁇ threshold Tg, and B ⁇ threshold Tb are satisfied is used, and the correction factors of the non-linear function represented by the formula (2) are determined through the least square method. The correction factors thus determined are called c 10 through c 39 .
  • the Y, M and C color correction data corresponding to lattice points satisfying the above conditions is predetermined by using the non-linear function (the formula (2)) containing the correction factors c 10 through c 39 .
  • the Y, M and C color correction data is predetermined by using the non-linear function (the formula (2)) containing the correction factors a 10 through a 39 .
  • h 1 through h 4 indicate lattice points which are included in a highlighted area in which density data R and G are lower than a predetermined threshold level (for example, R ⁇ 63 and G ⁇ 63 ).
  • a predetermined threshold level for example, R ⁇ 63 and G ⁇ 63 .
  • the present invention is applied to the 8-point interpolation, but the present invention is also applicable to the 4-point interpolation (tetrahedron method) and the 6-point interpolation (triangular prism method).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)
  • Color Image Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Color Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Complex Calculations (AREA)
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US6668077B1 (en) * 1999-08-04 2003-12-23 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Color correcting relation extracting method and color correction method
US6859228B1 (en) * 1999-10-18 2005-02-22 Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. Least squares method for color misregistration detection and correction in image data
US7554574B2 (en) 2003-06-27 2009-06-30 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Abnormal state occurrence predicting method, state deciding apparatus, and image forming system
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JP4134806B2 (ja) 2003-04-25 2008-08-20 ブラザー工業株式会社 色変換装置、画像形成装置および色変換プログラム

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US6668077B1 (en) * 1999-08-04 2003-12-23 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Color correcting relation extracting method and color correction method
US6859228B1 (en) * 1999-10-18 2005-02-22 Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. Least squares method for color misregistration detection and correction in image data
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US7554574B2 (en) 2003-06-27 2009-06-30 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Abnormal state occurrence predicting method, state deciding apparatus, and image forming system
US7912324B2 (en) 2005-04-28 2011-03-22 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Orderly structured document code transferring method using character and non-character mask blocks
US9955174B2 (en) 2013-09-20 2018-04-24 Vid Scale, Inc. Systems and methods for providing 3D look-up table coding for color gamut scalability
US10390029B2 (en) 2013-09-20 2019-08-20 Vid Scale, Inc. Systems and methods for providing 3D look-up table coding for color gamut scalability
WO2015103124A1 (en) * 2014-01-02 2015-07-09 Vid Scale, Inc. Color space conversion
US20160330457A1 (en) * 2014-01-02 2016-11-10 Vid Scale, Inc. Color space conversion
US11109044B2 (en) * 2014-01-02 2021-08-31 Interdigital Madison Patent Holdings, Sas Color space conversion
US10115011B2 (en) 2016-03-18 2018-10-30 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Document type recognition apparatus, image forming apparatus, document type recognition method, and computer program product

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