USRE20361E - Frocess of producing emulsions - Google Patents
Frocess of producing emulsions Download PDFInfo
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- USRE20361E USRE20361E US20361DE USRE20361E US RE20361 E USRE20361 E US RE20361E US 20361D E US20361D E US 20361DE US RE20361 E USRE20361 E US RE20361E
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- fatty acids
- emulsions
- esters
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title description 45
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 37
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 37
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 36
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 27
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 210000002268 Wool Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000001804 emulsifying Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000003491 Skin Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Stearic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002440 hydroxy compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229940114930 POTASSIUM STEARATE Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000001476 alcoholic Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;octadecanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- QKSBICQDOPKLQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCO QKSBICQDOPKLQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940088990 Ammonium Stearate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N Oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JPNZKPRONVOMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;octadecanoic acid Chemical compound [NH4+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O JPNZKPRONVOMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 glycol ester Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MUHFRORXWCGZGE-KTKRTIGZSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO MUHFRORXWCGZGE-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007170 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-MRCIVHHJSA-N Dextrin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)OC1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-MRCIVHHJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100242 Glycol Stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycol stearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO RFVNOJDQRGSOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 Latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 Milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000779819 Syncarpia glomulifera Species 0.000 description 1
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940036248 Turpentine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012237 artificial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020247 cow milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQSFGCUUTBCFPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diol;octadecanoic acid Chemical compound OCCO.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O HQSFGCUUTBCFPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000266 injurious Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013310 margarine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003264 margarine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008041 oiling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxane Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001739 pinus spp. Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000059 polyethylene glycol stearate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940084106 spermaceti Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012177 spermaceti Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin hydride Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/017—Mixtures of compounds
- C09K23/018—Mixtures of two or more different organic oxygen-containing compounds
Definitions
- This invention relates to a process of producing emulsions in which partially esterified polyhydric alcohols or derivatives thereof are employed in conjunction with fatty acids of high molecular weight or derivatives thereof, as emulsifying agents. It has been found that these partially esterifled compounds, in so far as they still contain free alcoholic hydroxyl groups, possess the property of forming very stable emulsions with water or aqueous solutions in the presence of substances with an alkaline reaction, such emulsions remaining stable even at elevated temperatures.
- estersof this kind are for example the monoor di-glycerol esters and the monoor di-glycol esters, such as glycol mono-oleic acid ester (glycol mono-oleate).
- esters of the polyhydric alcohols are however also eminently adaptable for this purpose, provided these esters possess non-esterified alcoholic hydroxyl groups.
- the esters of the hydroxylated fatty acids have been found to be advantageous and relatively easily obtainable, as well as esters which contain ethereal poly-compounds of' polyhydric alcohols as alcoholic components.
- the ethereal poly-compounds may have similar and dissimilar alcohol radicles, and the hydroxy compounds of fatty acids, the singly and poly-unsaturated 'monobasic aliphatic acids come into consideration as derivatives of fatty acids with high molecular weight. Examples of these are the di-glyceride of the a-hydroxy'stearic acid, the mono glycol ester of oleic acid and triethylene glycol mono stearate.
- these substances are emulsified either alone or in conjunction with other substances, with water or aqueous solutions in the presence of substances with an alkaline reaction.
- the added substances can be of very diverse natures, for example fats, fatty acids,- waxes, resins, vegetable or mineral oils of all kinds, colloids such as rubber, glue, gelatine, dextrine and also terpenes, perfumes, animal and plant emulsions (latex, cow's milk) lamp-black, talc, zinc oxide and thelike can be employed.
- a particularly excellent effect has been produced by adding the above described esters to aqueous emulsions of wool-grease.
- aqueous wool-grease emulsions can be produced by intimately admixing wool-grease and water by rubbing, kneading or the like. These emulsions form relatively viscid salves or ointments, even when they contain as much as per cent of water. greasy layer is formed which is not easily ab- On rubbing the same on the skin, a
- perfumes and the like can be added to the emul- :5,
- the emulsions are preferably produced by melting down the ester-soluble substances such as fats, waxes,
- the water or the aqueous solution to be employed which also contains the substances having analkaline reaction.
- esters suitable for emulsification naturally neednot be effected by employing individual acids and alcohols. On the contrary, mixtures of the same can be employed, such as those which occur in the natural state or are available in technical processes.
- th'ese'starting materials are subjected to a corresponding purification,
- the acids, obtained in the saponification of oleag'inous matter, such as oils, fats and waxes by steam or alkali are suitable raw materials for the production of esters adapted to act as emulsifying agents, olive oil, ground nut oil, linseed oil, rape-seed oil, coconut fat, wool-grease and Mont'an wax may be mentioned as examples of such oils, fats and waxes.
- Partially esterified glycols carrying fatty acids of high molecular weight can be prepared by.
- sired glycol esters, the alkali salts of the corresponding fatty acids, and an emulsion can be obtained immediately on treating the product with water, without it being first necessary to add separately salts with an alkaline reaction.
- An emulsion of this nature can be prepared for example in the following manner:
- ammonium stearate (alkaline substance) employed amounts to about 11 per cent by weight of the glycerine di-stea'rate.
- Emulsions prepared in accordance with the present invention can be employed with advantage in processes of wetting, impregnating and rendering soft and pliable fibrous or artificial materials, paper or similar materials. They can also be employed as lubricating agents, for example as solid lubricants such as Staufi'er greases. They are also of advantage for cosmetic and "pharmaceutical purposes, and likewise for the production of margarine and the like, that is of emulsions adapted to be used in foods, as
- esters on account of their emulsifying action when employed, in conjunction with substances having an 'alkaline reaction, are well adapted for washing and cleaning purposes,.to I
- Another field of application of the abovedescribed emulsions is the fatting of fibrous materials, for example, the oiling of wool.
- fibrous materials for example, the oiling of wool.
- the efllcacy of the means hitherto employed has been very unsatisfactory in many ways.
- the fibres were only covered on the exterior with a film of fat and remained to all intents and purposes just as hard and brittle as they were originally.
- esters hereinbefore referred to have also been found to be excellent for the washing of raw wool for example.
- the more easily alkali content of which is far less than 1 per cent exhibit such an excellent washing effect that the washed product is obtained in an unusually clean state.
- esters themselves are pro-eminently suitable for the most diverse purposes. They can be used per se or in combination with the hereinbefore specified substances which can be added to the emulsions.
- the addition of acid or basic substances as the case may be is of particular advantagein order to weaken or to neutralize basic or acid substances during the operation.
- a case of this kind arises for example in the treatment of weighed silk fibres with glycerine stearic ester, to which some potash soap has been added.
- Silk, cotton and wool yarns can be treated with ease with these esters or mixtures or solutions thereof, 'I'hey thereby obtain 'a strength and suppleness which has ne'verpreviously been attamed, so that thread breakage's, which frequently occurred during the weaving process, are almost completely obviated.
- a further sphere of application of these esters resides in their additionto oil-colors. Inthis case they prevent the pigment settling out when the paint is allowed to stand. For example, if glycol-monostearic ester is added to the customary red lead linseed oil paint, even 1.5 per cent is suillcient to prevent the settling-out of the pigment, without the paint being detrimentally influenced thereby.
- polyhydric alcohols partially esterifled with any derivatives of fatty acids of high molecular weightand particularly their hydroxyare emulsified with water or aqueous solutions of any substances in the presence of small amounts of substances having an alkaline reaction.
- a process for the production of emulsions in which ethereal poly-compounds of at least one polyhydric alcohol partially esterified with acids selected'from a group consisting of fatty acids acids, are emulsified with water or aqueous solutions of any substances in the presence of small amounts of substances having an alkaline reaction.
- emulsions In the production of emulsions, the process which comprises emulsifying in the presence of small amounts of alkaline reacting substances, ethereal poly-compounds of at least one polyhydric alcohol, partially esterified with high molecular fatty acids, with water and with oleaginous matter selected from a class consisting of fats, fatty acids, waxes, vegetable oils and mineral oils.
- the process which comprises reacting alkyline oxids with fatty acids of high molecular weight in the presence of an aqueous solution of alkali salts of said fatty acids as catalysts, thereby producing a mixture of partially esterified glycol esters and alkali oleaginous'matter selected from a class consisting of fatty acids, naturalfats and fatty acid containing oils in the presence of an aqueoussolution of alkali salts of said fatty acids as catalysts, thereby producing a mixture of partially esterified glycol esters and alkali salts of said fatty acids, and emulsifying the said resulting mixture with water or aqueous solutions of suitable substances.
- an emulsion comprising water, polyhydric alcohols partially esterified with acids selected from a class consisting of derivatives of fatty acids of high molecular weight, .hydroxy-compounds of said fatty acids and unsaturated derivatives of said fatty acids; and'also containing small amounts of substances of alkaline reaction.
- an emulsion comprising water, polyhydric alcohols, partially esterified with acids selected from a class consisting of derivatives of fatty acids of high molecular weight, hydroxy-compounds of said fatty acids and unsaturated derivatives of .said fatty acids;
- oleaginous matter selected from a class consisting of fatty acids, waxes, natural fats and oils; and also containing small amounts of substances of alkaline reaction.
- Theprocess of forming an emulsion of oilwith water which comprises incorporating therewith an emulsifying agentconsisting essentially of ethereal poly-compounds of at least one polyhydric alcohol partially esterified with acids se-' lected from a group consisting of derivatives of fatty acids of high molecular weight, hydroxycompounds of said fatty acids and umaturated derivatives of said fatty acids and a quantity of soap suilicient to increase materially the stability of the emulsion, but not substantially in excess 5 ,of ten per cent based onthe weight of the p ym 13.
- the process which comprises emulsifying oleaginous matter selected from a classcomistingoffats. l0 fatty acids, waxes, vegetable oils and mineral oils,
- an emul- 20 sion comprising oil, water; polyhydric alcohols partially esterlfled with acidsgelected from a class fatty acids and unsaturated derivatives of said' fatty acids; and also containing soap in amount sumcient to m, materially the stabflity of the emulsion, but not substantially in excess of ten per cent bas'ed'on the weight of the partially 15.
- an emulsion comprising water, polyhydric alcohols par tiaily esterli'ied with acids selected from a class consisting of derivatives of fatty acids and unsaturated derivatives of said fatty acids; oleaginous matter selected ,from a class consisting of fatty acids, waxes, natural fats and oils; and also containing soap in amount suilicient to increase materially the stability of the emulsion. but not substantially in excess of ten'per cent based on the w isht oi the partially esterifled polyhydric alcohols.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
Description
Reissued May 11, 1937' umreo STATES faceless 0F rnonuomo infusions Hans Schrader, Essen-Ruhr, Germany, assignor' to the firm Th. Goldschi'nidt A.-G., Essen-Ruhr,
No Drawing. Original 1%. 1,826,900, dated 0cm 1 ber 13, 1931, Serial No. 314,837, October 24,
1928, Application for reissue October 7, 1933,
Serial No. 692,697.
15 Claims.
This invention relates to a process of producing emulsions in which partially esterified polyhydric alcohols or derivatives thereof are employed in conjunction with fatty acids of high molecular weight or derivatives thereof, as emulsifying agents. It has been found that these partially esterifled compounds, in so far as they still contain free alcoholic hydroxyl groups, possess the property of forming very stable emulsions with water or aqueous solutions in the presence of substances with an alkaline reaction, such emulsions remaining stable even at elevated temperatures. Among estersof this kind are for example the monoor di-glycerol esters and the monoor di-glycol esters, such as glycol mono-oleic acid ester (glycol mono-oleate). The derivatives of esters of the polyhydric alcohols are however also eminently adaptable for this purpose, provided these esters possess non-esterified alcoholic hydroxyl groups. In particular the esters of the hydroxylated fatty acids have been found to be advantageous and relatively easily obtainable, as well as esters which contain ethereal poly-compounds of' polyhydric alcohols as alcoholic components. The ethereal poly-compounds may have similar and dissimilar alcohol radicles, and the hydroxy compounds of fatty acids, the singly and poly-unsaturated 'monobasic aliphatic acids come into consideration as derivatives of fatty acids with high molecular weight. Examples of these are the di-glyceride of the a-hydroxy'stearic acid, the mono glycol ester of oleic acid and triethylene glycol mono stearate.
In order to prepare the emulsions these substances are emulsified either alone or in conjunction with other substances, with water or aqueous solutions in the presence of substances with an alkaline reaction. The added substances can be of very diverse natures, for example fats, fatty acids,- waxes, resins, vegetable or mineral oils of all kinds, colloids such as rubber, glue, gelatine, dextrine and also terpenes, perfumes, animal and plant emulsions (latex, cow's milk) lamp-black, talc, zinc oxide and thelike can be employed.
A particularly excellent effect has been produced by adding the above described esters to aqueous emulsions of wool-grease. As is known I aqueous wool-grease emulsions can be produced by intimately admixing wool-grease and water by rubbing, kneading or the like. These emulsions form relatively viscid salves or ointments, even when they contain as much as per cent of water. greasy layer is formed which is not easily ab- On rubbing the same on the skin, a
In Germany August 2'1, 1927 sorbed by the skin. The reason for this property is the structure of the emulsion, in which the water is distributed in small droplets throughout the wool-grease and in which the wool grease consequently constitutes the external continuous phase. Hence the relatively poor rubbing power and greasy property of these ordinary emulsions being continuous. These emulsions possess much more favorable properties, in particular they have i a very ready spreading power, and the fat is absorbed by the skin with surprising rapidity on account of its fine state of subdivision. The proportions in mixtures of wool-grease, ester and water can be varied within wide limits; moreover a whole series of substances as for example glycerine, petroleum jelly, spermaceti, talc, borax,
perfumes and the like, can be added to the emul- :5,
sions.
In carrying out the present invention, the emulsions are preferably produced by melting down the ester-soluble substances such as fats, waxes,
oils and the like in the esters and then gradually stirring into the melt produced, the water or the aqueous solution to be employed, which also contains the substances having analkaline reaction.
The production of the esters suitable for emulsification naturally neednot be effected by employing individual acids and alcohols. On the contrary, mixtures of the same can be employed, such as those which occur in the natural state or are available in technical processes. vAccording to the purpose of employment and the requirements with respect to purity of color and odor and the like, of the finished product, th'ese'starting materials are subjected to a corresponding purification, Thus, for example/the acids, obtained in the saponification of oleag'inous matter, such as oils, fats and waxes by steam or alkali, are suitable raw materials for the production of esters adapted to act as emulsifying agents, olive oil, ground nut oil, linseed oil, rape-seed oil, coconut fat, wool-grease and Mont'an wax may be mentioned as examples of such oils, fats and waxes. Moreover, esters obtained by the re-esterification of such acids with polyhydric alcohols, such as glycol or glycerol can be used for, the aforesaid purpose.
. Partially esterified glycols carrying fatty acids of high molecular weight can be prepared by.
sired glycol esters, the alkali salts of the corresponding fatty acids, and an emulsion can be obtained immediately on treating the product with water, without it being first necessary to add separately salts with an alkaline reaction.
An emulsion of this nature can be prepared for example in the following manner:
5 kgs. of stearic acid are heated with 1kg. ethylene oxide, after the addition of 5 gr. NaOH, in an autoclave for several hours. The product obtained in this manner is emulsified with 18 kgs. of a 25 per cent glycerine solution at a temperature of 60"-'l0 C. On cooling 9. fine soft, white salve or ointment is produced which no longer gives a basic reaction with red litmus paper. In this example the NaOH (alkaline substance) employed amounts to about 0.5 per cent by weight of the glycol stearate formed by the reaction.
The following are further examples of the production'of emulsions:
In making an emulsion containing 45 per cent lubricating oil, 4.5 per cent of glycerine di-stea-' rate, 0.5 per cent ammonium stearate and 50 per cent water, the ester is dissolved in they lubricating oil which is heated up to about 75 0., where* upon the water is added with continual stirring.- A creamy, smooth emulsion is obtained, which is applicable as a greasing and lubricating agent for the most diverse purposes.
In this example the ammonium stearate (alkaline substance) employed amounts to about 11 per cent by weight of the glycerine di-stea'rate.
In making another emulsion containing 20 per cent petroleum jelly, 19 per cent of tri-ethylene glycol monc-stearate, 1 per cent potassium stearate and 60 per cent water, the petroleum jelly, ester and potassium stearate are melted down together at about 70 C. The water is gradually added to the melted mass with continual stirring.- A fine uniform stable emulsion is produced in which the aqueous liquid forms the outer continuous phase. In this example the potassium stearate (alkaline substance) employed amounts to about per cent by weight of the tri-ethylene glycol mono-stearate. From the above specific examples it is seen that small amounts, ranging from about 0.5 to 11 per cent, of substances having an alkaline reaction are required in my process of producing emulsions, these quantities being based on the weight of partially esterifled polyhydric alcohols present. Emulsions prepared in accordance with the present invention can be employed with advantage in processes of wetting, impregnating and rendering soft and pliable fibrous or artificial materials, paper or similar materials. They can also be employed as lubricating agents, for example as solid lubricants such as Staufi'er greases. They are also of advantage for cosmetic and "pharmaceutical purposes, and likewise for the production of margarine and the like, that is of emulsions adapted to be used in foods, as
well as for the production of boot polishes and polishing waxes.
The esters on account of their emulsifying action when employed, in conjunction with substances having an 'alkaline reaction, are well adapted for washing and cleaning purposes,.to I
of the above-described esters.
which end, special ingredients, such as boric acid, oil of turpentine, tetra-hydro naphthalene and the like can be added. They can also be employed advantageously as superfatting agents for soaps. In particular a special technical washing effect can be produced by employing the esters in conjunction with soaps or substances having a similar action, such as saponin or the like. Thus the.
addition of 5 per cent of ethylene glycol-monostearate to ordinary soap results in a product which dlfiers very advantageously from the initial soap. The foam produced is of a particular creamy nature and good consistency and the washing action of thesoap is considerably enhanced by the addition. Moreover the product possesses the property, in its use in toilet soaps, of imparting a pleasant suppleness to the skin after washing, similar to that produced by the ointments made from the esters. A further advantage is the pure white color of the ester, whereas most other superfatting agents are more or less strongly colored.
Another field of application of the abovedescribed emulsions is the fatting of fibrous materials, for example, the oiling of wool. As is well known it is necessary to impregnate the washed wool to be spun with emulsions of fats or oils with soaps 'or alkalies, in order that the wool may posses the requisite smoothness and suppleness during the spinning process. The efllcacy of the means hitherto employed however has been very unsatisfactory in many ways. The fibres were only covered on the exterior with a film of fat and remained to all intents and purposes just as hard and brittle as they were originally. Moreover it was diflicult to remove the fat-layer from the individual wool-fibres after finishing the spunyarn. Even if the washing previous to dyeing was carried out as carefully as possible, the yarns which had been tightly spun crinkled and were useless for further treatment. All these disadvantages are obviated if wool oiling agents are employed which contain even small percentages with the use of these .esters milk like emulsions are obtained which possess an outstanding wetting-power. The stability of the emulsified phase is so great, that the addition of adhesive agents is not necessary. After spinning the oils are removed completely, even from hard twisted threads, by simple rinsing in tepid, very weakly alkaline baths, this havlng'an absolutely non-injurious eifect.
The esters hereinbefore referred to have also been found to be excellent for the washing of raw wool for example. When these esters are added to the wool washing baths, then the more easily alkali content of which is far less than 1 per cent, exhibit such an excellent washing effect that the washed product is obtained in an unusually clean state.
It has already been stated that not only the emulsions derived from the aforesaid esters, but also the esters themselves are pro-eminently suitable for the most diverse purposes. They can be used per se or in combination with the hereinbefore specified substances which can be added to the emulsions. In this connection it should compounds or theirv unsaturated dcrivativesbe pointed out that the addition of acid or basic substances as the case may be, is of particular advantagein order to weaken or to neutralize basic or acid substances during the operation. A case of this kind arises for example in the treatment of weighed silk fibres with glycerine stearic ester, to which some potash soap has been added. Silk, cotton and wool yarns can be treated with ease with these esters or mixtures or solutions thereof, 'I'hey thereby obtain 'a strength and suppleness which has ne'verpreviously been attamed, so that thread breakage's, which frequently occurred during the weaving process, are almost completely obviated.
' Moreover the dyeing properties of textile fab- I can thus be more uniformly dyed. Natural silk. is in certain circumstances liable to attack by the atmosphere as soon as it is weighted with tin. If however, it is steeped with the esters derived under the present invention from fatty acids of high molecular weight and polyhydric alcohols,
it becomes much more stable. A further advantage resides'in the fact that raw silk prepared in this way leaves no spots after being worked up. Mediocre silks are rendered more stable, so that a larger field of use is open to them.
A further sphere of application of these esters resides in their additionto oil-colors. Inthis case they prevent the pigment settling out when the paint is allowed to stand. For example, if glycol-monostearic ester is added to the customary red lead linseed oil paint, even 1.5 per cent is suillcient to prevent the settling-out of the pigment, without the paint being detrimentally influenced thereby.
What I claim is: g l
1. A process for the production of emulsions,
.in which ethereal poly-compounds of at least substances having an alkaline reaction.
2. Aprocess for the production of emulsions,
in which polyhydric alcohols partially esterifled with any derivatives of fatty acids of high molecular weightand particularly their hydroxyare emulsified with water or aqueous solutions of any substances in the presence of small amounts of substances having an alkaline reaction.
3. A process for the production of emulsions, in which ethereal poly-compounds of at least one polyhydric alcohol partially esterified with acids selected'from a group consisting of fatty acids acids, are emulsified with water or aqueous solutions of any substances in the presence of small amounts of substances having an alkaline reaction. Y
4. In the production of emulsions, the process which comprises emulsifying in the presence of small amounts of alkaline reacting substances, ethereal poly-compounds of at least one polyhydric alcohol, partially esterified with high molecular fatty acids, with water and with oleaginous matter selected from a class consisting of fats, fatty acids, waxes, vegetable oils and mineral oils.
5. In the production of emulsions, the process which comprises reacting alkyline oxids with fatty acids of high molecular weight in the presence of an aqueous solution of alkali salts of said fatty acids as catalysts, thereby producing a mixture of partially esterified glycol esters and alkali oleaginous'matter selected from a class consisting of fatty acids, naturalfats and fatty acid containing oils in the presence of an aqueoussolution of alkali salts of said fatty acids as catalysts, thereby producing a mixture of partially esterified glycol esters and alkali salts of said fatty acids, and emulsifying the said resulting mixture with water or aqueous solutions of suitable substances.
' 7. As a new composition of matter, an emulsion comprising water, polyhydric alcohols partially esterified with acids selected from a class consisting of derivatives of fatty acids of high molecular weight, .hydroxy-compounds of said fatty acids and unsaturated derivatives of said fatty acids; and'also containing small amounts of substances of alkaline reaction.
8. As a new composition of matter, an emulsion comprising water, polyhydric alcohols, partially esterified with acids selected from a class consisting of derivatives of fatty acids of high molecular weight, hydroxy-compounds of said fatty acids and unsaturated derivatives of .said fatty acids;
oleaginous matter selected from a class consisting of fatty acids, waxes, natural fats and oils; and also containing small amounts of substances of alkaline reaction.
9. The process of forming an emulsion of oil with water which comprises incorporating there I with an emulsifying agent consisting essentially of polyhydric alcohols partially esterified with higher fatty acids and a quantity of soap suflicient to increase materially the stability of the emulwith water which comprises incorporating therewith an emulsifying agent consisting essentially of ethereal poly-compounds of at least one polyhydric alcohol partially esteriiled with fatty acids of high molecular weight and a quantity of soap sufllcient to increase materially the stability of the emulsion, but not substantially in excess of ten percent based on the weight of the ethereal polycompounds.
quantity of soap suflicient. to increase materially the stability of the emulsion, but not substantially in excess of ten per cent based on the weight of the partially esterifled polyhydric alcohols.
12. Theprocess of forming an emulsion of oilwith water which comprises incorporating therewith an emulsifying agentconsisting essentially of ethereal poly-compounds of at least one polyhydric alcohol partially esterified with acids se-' lected from a group consisting of derivatives of fatty acids of high molecular weight, hydroxycompounds of said fatty acids and umaturated derivatives of said fatty acids and a quantity of soap suilicient to increase materially the stability of the emulsion, but not substantially in excess 5 ,of ten per cent based onthe weight of the p ym 13. In the production of oleaginous emulsions, the process which comprises emulsifying oleaginous matter selected from a classcomistingoffats. l0 fatty acids, waxes, vegetable oils and mineral oils,
,with water and with an emulsifying agent consisting essentially of ethereal poly-compounds of atleast one polyhydric alcohol, partially esteriiled with high molecular weight fatty acids and'a l5 quantity of soap sufllcientto increase materially. the stability of the emulsion, but not substantially in excess of ten per cent based on the weight of the ethereal poly-compounds. Y
14, As a new composition of matter, an emul- 20 sion comprising oil, water; polyhydric alcohols partially esterlfled with acidsgelected from a class fatty acids and unsaturated derivatives of said' fatty acids; and also containing soap in amount sumcient to m, materially the stabflity of the emulsion, but not substantially in excess of ten per cent bas'ed'on the weight of the partially 15. As a new composition of matter, an emulsion comprising water, polyhydric alcohols par tiaily esterli'ied with acids selected from a class consisting of derivatives of fatty acids and unsaturated derivatives of said fatty acids; oleaginous matter selected ,from a class consisting of fatty acids, waxes, natural fats and oils; and also containing soap in amount suilicient to increase materially the stability of the emulsion. but not substantially in excess of ten'per cent based on the w isht oi the partially esterifled polyhydric alcohols.-
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USRE20361E true USRE20361E (en) | 1937-05-11 |
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US20361D Expired USRE20361E (en) | Frocess of producing emulsions |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4440654A (en) | 1981-04-04 | 1984-04-03 | Henry Zimzik | Cooling emulsion and method of producing a cooling emulsion |
-
0
- US US20361D patent/USRE20361E/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4440654A (en) | 1981-04-04 | 1984-04-03 | Henry Zimzik | Cooling emulsion and method of producing a cooling emulsion |
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