US821201A - Door, window, and the like. - Google Patents

Description

PATBNTED MAY 22, 1906. W. W. TAYLOR. DOOR, WINDOW, AND THE LIKE.

APPLIOATLION FILED APB-.22.1904.

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No. 821,201. 'PATENT-ED MAY 22, 190e.

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PATENTED MAY 22, `1906.

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UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFIO.

WILLIAM WILBERFOROE TAYLOR, OF OXFORD, ENGLAND.

DOOR. WINDOW. AND THE LIKE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 22, 1906.

. Application filed April 22. 1904. Serial No. 204,418.

.To a/ZZ whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM WILBERFORCE TAYLOR, a subject of the King of England', residing at Oxford, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Doors, Windows, and the Like, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to doors or windows,

and provides a method of so makin a foldinor 1a door or window that the pressure of the wind on the two arts is balanced or nearly balanced and t at the tendency of the door or Window to slam, owing either to a. draft or 'to a sudden gust of wind, is much reduced. I5 Thisarrangement also Vto a great measure I revents the opening of the door or window fiom disturbing the air except in the immediate neighborhood of the said door or window and from itself causing a draft in the room or 2o passage into which it opens, a feature which 1s most obnoxious in many public buildin s. The method in which this is effected may ie described as follows: The door or window is hinged to the side of the opening in which it z 5 acts by a line of hinges called below the "first line ofhinges. The door or window consists of two parts or members hinged togetherin the manner used in makinga folding screen by a line of hinges, called below the second line 3o of hinges parallel to the first line of hinges. The part between the first and second lines of hinges is preferably about two-sevenths of the whole width of the door or window. At the same distance as this from the second line of 3 5 hinges a pin or bolt parallel to the lines of hinges extends into a fixed straight slot that runs along either of the sides of the door or window'perpendicular to the line of hinges when the door or window is shut and causes 4o that part of the door or window to move always in the plane that is occupied by the door or window when shut. The part of the door or window between the bolt and the first line of hinges thus moves inward when the i outer part away from the hinges moves outward, and vice versa. Thus the air displaced by the door or window on the two sides of it is to a great extent equalized and instead of a displacement of air all in one direction in- 5o Ward or outward by the swinging of the door or window only an eddy in the immediate neighborhood of the door or window is caused; but what in many cases is a more important consideration the wind-pressures on the two 5 5 parts of the door also equalize one another,or

nearly so, when the door is being opened or shut in a wind.

. The bolt may be either fixed to the door or so attached to it as to be capable of being Withdrawn from the slot by pulling a han- 6o dle. It may also have a traveling attachment capable of moving along theslot into which it fits, which may be used to minimize friction or to furnish an attachment for a self-closin arran ement, such as a simple form of a orton oorcheck, or to attach the end of a cord or chain runnin over a pulley and connected at the other enwith aweight.

If it is only desired to lopen the door or window on one sidec'. e., so that the second line 7o of hinges goes either' inward always or always outward and not both waysthe door or window can have attached to it wind-guards that will close the cracks at the top andat the bottom and at the sides of the door when s hut. If otherwise, close-fitting will have to` be relied upon or any other device suitable to ordinary swing-doors. The ordinary forms of lock and handle for doors can be placed on the side of the door remote from the first line 8o of hinges and can be operated vin the usual manner. u

A door so made requires less space to move in than an ordinary swing-door. Instead of covering a semicircle round its first line `of hinges It covers a semi-ellipse, of which the semimajor axis is represented by the door when shut, and the semiminor axis is about three-sevenths of this length.

Modifications in the details of construction 9o may be made without departing from the spirit of this invention.

In the accompanying drawings, Figures 1,

3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 show in perspective various doors and windows, all according to this in 95 vention. Fig. 2 shows in perspective details of the hinges in Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a plan showing a modified form of hinge, and Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating the amount of space oc cupied in the opening of a door according to roc this invention.

Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.

Withreference first to Fig. 1, the door comrises two arts A and B, the part A being Io 5 inged to tfie .framing C and to the adjacent part B b hinges D, capable of allowing movement in both directions. A convenient form of hinge for the purpose is shown in Fig. 2, but needs no particular description, as it is 1ro g y maar well knownasadouble screen-hinge. The toa cord G, which passes over a pulley G5 part B of the door is rovided with a bolt E, and is connected to the pin E. A similar arprojecting up into a s ot F in the to framing rangement is provided on the other side ofthe v of the doorway. This bolt E is s own,l b; window. I 'y n i 54way of examp e, as sup orted upon a bloc The window illustratedin Fi 7 is gener- 7c 3 beneath it, so that if t e block be taken out ally similar to that described with reference the bolt may be withdrawn from th'e slot F. to Fig. 6 but the smaller sash A is hinged to The distance between the bolt E and the secthe bottom of the framing C2. In this conond line of.' hinges-that is to say, the hinges struction one weight G3 only is used and opioconnecting the art A with the part B-is preferably e ua to the distance between the two lines of `nges, that distance itself being conveniently a proximately two-sevenths of the whole widt of the door. l5 The door illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 is intended to open in one direction only. lHenceordinary hinges D may be employed to connect the parts A and B, and a rabbet C can be fixed to the `framing to exclude drafts 2o when'the door is shut. VFrom the way in which the improved door opens itv wil of course be necessary to have the rabbet partly on one side andI partly on the other side of the framing. Forinstance, as shown in Fig. 3, z5 the projecting, art of the rabbet C for the art A and for t e plart B between the second line of hinges and t e boltE would be on the near side of theframing, while that for the remainder of the part B would be on the re- 3o mote side of the framing. n

Fig. 4 shows the same door closed and also illustrates one method of making it self-closing. This is accomplished by means of a weight G, attached to a cord G', which passes 3 5 ,over a pulley Gr2 and is attached tothe bolt which in this case is in the form of a xed pin. In order to be able to withdraw the door bodily from the framing C when required, the upper part of the framing is ro- 4o vided `with a rotatable block C2, slotte to form a continuation of the slot F, in which the pin E moves. When the door is closed, as shown in Fi 4, the block C2 may be turned about the pinEF as a center, so that its slot- 4 5 ted portion opens to the outside of the Jr'ramin and the doork can then be removed. It wi l be understood that this is simply a construction to avoid makingthe bolt to slide up gram it can beseen by inspection that the and down, as in the form shown in Fig. `1. .disturbance ofthe air in a room caused by the 5o In Fig. 5 double doors A B are shown, and their position when each is o ened to its fullest extent is indicated in (ibtted lines. It will be seen that in this position the doors occupy very little space. v 55 Fig. 6 shows a window according to this invention constructed on lines broadly similar to the doors previously mentioned. The upper sash A is hinged to the lower sash B and to the top ofthe window-frame C2. The 6o lower sash is provided with fixed pins E2, which are shown, by way of illustration, as moving in guides F attached to the windowirame. In this construction the weight of the window is balanced or partly balanced by 6 5 weights G3. One of these is shown attached It will be understood that windows and doors according to this invention may berovided with various known forms of devices or checking their too-sudden movement. For example, the pin or bolt which moves in .8o the slotor guide might be connected with the piston of an air or other dash pot. These oints are, however, not illustrated-in --the rawings. ,l

Fig. 8 is a^plan of a door having its arts A 85 B hin ed so as ,to avoid asfar as possi le any draft etween them. This is done by lmaking the adjacent portions of the'l artsA andv B concave and convex, respective y, and suite` ably shaping the parts of the hinges D. It' 9o l wil be seen that when the door'opens only one way a strip of light Wood o r ot er draftpreventer ma be provided. Y

Althou h igs. 6 and 7 illustrate windows hinged aout horizontal lines, itwill of 95 coursebe understood that this need not nec.- essarily be the ease. For example; the'construction shown as a door in Fig. 5 is very lsuitable for use as a window, in which case f the hei ht of the frame would robably be 'i oo reducer? in proportion to its widtlh. The vdiagram forming Fig. 9 shows two parts A B of a door accordi to this invention, and the dotted line H in icates the path which the edge of the part B takes when the 1o 5 door is opened, the line J indicating the limit beyond which no part of the door lproject-s on the other side. The dotted line is part of a circle havin' a radius equal to the width of the door, an thus vindicates the path of l11o movement of the edge of an ordinary door having the same dimensions. From this diais vvery much less than that produced by opening a door of the ordinary type.

It can be shown mathematically that if the arts of the door are roportioned as hereinbeforeldescribed the oor as a whole 12o will be substantially in e uilibriumV for uniformwind-pressure when (dhut or nearly shut.

If it be desired to have the door or window in e uilibrium under uniform wind-pressure f w en open or partially open, the proportions 125 may be modified accordingly. f

"lt will be understood that the details of construction given in the accompanying drawings are merely by way of example and may be varied without departing romthe 13o erates, as shown, upon 'both the pins El. 75

opening of a door according to this invention 1 15 I semi framing containing the slot F for the pin or I I' bolt may be provided with an opening through which the bolt can be Withdrawn when re? ,quired, this o .ening being normall closed,

say, by a sli ing plate. Again, t e doors when self-closing need not necessarily be operated b a weight, but may have any con-- venient orm of spring-closing mechanism, or when a weight is used instead of being connected to the pin orI bolt by means of a cord,

as illustrated, it can be directly attached to the bolt in any convenient Way and arranged to run on an inclined plane-say on guide-v rails lixed to the top framing of the door.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination with a door or window frame, of a door or window consisting of two members having unequal proportions, a line of hinges connectin one 'of said members with a side of the grams, a second line of hinges connecting the two members together, the distance between the two lines of hin es Abeing approximately two-'s'evenths of the istance between the edge of the member which is hinged to the frame and the arallel free.

edge of the other member where y the door or window will be substantially in equilibrium for uniform wind -pressure when shut or nearly shut, a projection on the larger member of the door orwindow at a distance from the second line of hinges equal to the distance between the two lines of hinges and a guide in the frame within which saldproj ection engages and is adapted to' slide for the purpose specified. l

2. The combination with a door or Window frame, of a dooror window consisting of two members having unequal proportions, a line of double swing-hin es connecting one of said members with a si e of the frame, a second line of double swing-hinges connecting the two members together, the distance between the two lines of hinges being approximately .two-sevenths of the distance between the hinges equal to the distance between thetwo" l edge of the member which is hin ed to the frame and the arallel free edge o the other member where y the door or window will be substantially in equilibrium for uniform windpressure when shut or nearly shut, a projec tion on the larger member of the door. or window at a distance from the second line of lines of hinges and a guide in the frame with- 5 5 in which said projection engages and is adapt vhinges connecting the two members to ether, 1

the distancebetween the two lines of 'n es being approximately two-sevenths of the is tance between the edge of the `member which is hinged to the frame and the arallel free edge of the other member Where y the door or Window will b'e substantially in equilibrium for uniform wind-pressure when shut or 7o nearly shut, a projection on the larger member of the door or window at a distance from the second line of hinges equal to the distance between the two lines of hinges, a guide/in the frame within which said projectionv engages A7 5 and is adapted to slide, and means-for excluding draft between the framing and the edges` of the door as vand for the purpose specified. Y

4. The combination with a door or window 8o frame, of a door or window consisting of two members having unequal proportions,.a line of hinges connectin one of said members with a side of the rame, a second line of hingesconnecting the two members together, thedistance between the two lines of hinges being approximately two-sevenths of the distance between the edge ol the member which is hinged to the frame and the parallel free edge of the other member whereby the 9o door or window will be substantially in e u1- librium for uniform wind-pressure when s ut or nearly shut, a projection on the larger member of the door or Window at a distance from the second line of hinges equal to the distance between the two' lines of hinges, a guide in the frame within which said projection engages and is adapted to slide, and automatically-operating means for closing 0r balancing the door or window.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM Wl LBERFORCE TAYLOR.

` Witnesses:

H. W. BATES, FRANK EMERY.

IOO

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