US811752A - Steam or gas turbine. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED FEB. 6, 1906.

3. STUMPP. STEAM OR GAS TURBINE.

APILIOATIOR FILED 0616,1904,

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' No. 811,752. PATENTED FEB. e, 1906 J. STUMPF. STEAM 0R GAS TURBIIQE.

APPLICATION TILED OU'IX 6,1904.

2 SHEETS-$51221 2.

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Witnesses: J h/nveggofl/af oann um W V by flab.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHANN STUMPF, OF BERLlX, GERMANY. ASSIGSUR TO BENERAL ELECTRIC COHPANY, A CORPORATI OF NEW YORK.

STEAM OR GAS TURBlNE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 6,1906.

. arranged that. the motive fluid passes directly from one to the other without the interventlon of intermediate or fluid reversing-vanes that the wheel first to receivc the motive fluid develops more power than the second wheel.

In other words, the primary wheel has a greater capacity for perforunn useful work than the secondary wheel. This arrangement is useful in connection with certain kinds of work, but. is undesirable with others-L It has been proposed to equalize the purh tie] outputs hv providing an additionnl'stnge for the seoon arv wheel, com rising a special wheel connected thereto. T 'sohviouslvinvalves a complicated construction which takes away the principal advantage afl'or'ded by the simple op ositely-running turbine i. e that. no fiui -conducting means of any kind is nccessa between the wheel-buckets.

The object o the present invention is to improve the construction of elastic-fluid turbines having op ositelyrotating bucketwheels, whereby t e' effective action of the secondaq' wheel mav be improved without.

the mechanical complications heretofore considered necessary.

In carrying out my invention in its simplest form two wheels are provided and so arran ed that the motive fluid passes from one to tie other. The buckets on the primary wheel andthe nozzles or devices for dischargy ing'fluid thereto are designed to give a delinite speed under normal load conditions. i

The buckets on he secondarv wheel are so proportioned or formed that the 5 red of said wheel is greater than that of tie priumry 1 wheel. Inotherwords. lay-causing the buckets of the primary and secondary wheels to revolve at different speeds the wheels can he made to perform equal amounts of work. and this without an additional stage.

It is self-evident that my invention is applicable not only to turbines having only two oppositelytrotating wheels but to multistage lturhines, wherein the several wheels are so arranged that a portion rotates in one direction and the remainder in the opposite.

l The invention is particularly useful in connection with marine service wherein oppositely-revolving propeller-shafts are employed. The advantage will he found to be marked aside from the more sutisl'ncti'iry performance of the turbine as a whole.

One wheel is connected to u lmllmv shall. while the other is connected to a shaft, usually solid. located within the former. To the end of the shaft carr ing the primarv wheel is connected. propel or or screw of relatively large diameter. while to the shaft carrying the secondary wheel is connected it propeller or screw of smaller diameter. The smaller scren preferably works in the body of water discharged by the forward or hirgcr screw, and consequently in a stream or current which is movin; at a certain velocity. By suitahleseiection of the shape of the buckets, &'.. the secondary wheel may he made to revolve at such n speed that the peripheral speed of the snuiller screw is the some or sill)- stunlially the some as that of the larger screw, and the work performed by the scrcwswill he suhstnntisllyet tnil. it isprcfcrahlctomodify the shape of tlie buckets of the secondary wheel to obtain the desired results; but under certain conditions it is possible by suitably forming or mounting the hhules of the screw or propeller to increase the vclocityof the sec ondary wheel until the work of the two wheels is equal.

When screws are rotated at high speeds, they have a tendency to create a vacuum in the body of fluid adjucent thereto; lint this tendencyis with my improved construction reduced to a minimum, owing to the fact that the smaller screw, while it makes a greater number of revolutions than the primary proellcr, revolves in the current of water set F mto motion by the forward and larger screw. Bv incrcasingthc speed of rotation ol'thc can he relatively reduced. Since the large screw workin relatively quiet water, it is desirable to reduce any tendency for it to form a vaculon l keeping the speed-down, while the second .-crc\v can have n comparatively high spcerLr-iiice the water it acts upon is first et in motionliy the forward screw.

From the foregoing it will be seen that my smaller screw the velocity of the larger scrcwice workthan the 'other. Forexamp e, instead which i Q i l invention is: especially adapted to meet the peculiar conditions incident to the operation of tnnden screws.

A s IIHtWlIHl similar condition to the above is found tn operating dynamo-electric nul chines. The number of revolutions per mmluter l' a dynamo of large size is limited by the stren th of the devices holding the winding: in pliu-e agrmst the centrifugal force. A i smaller revolving element can without daugermnkt more revolutions per minute or unttl its ertphcral speed is the same or substontia l\' the same as that of the larger clc ment. From the above it will be seen that I can with advantage utilize my invention in connection with dynamos having dill'erent din meters un'dobtuinet ualamounts'oienergy from both. in a simi ar way the-equalization of the work otlers advantages in connection with centrifu al blust-en incs, &c.

'lhe particular iornuition J1 be secondary wheel is only an illustrative means for attaining'the desired end. I may construct the buckets of the primary and secondary wheels alike and cause. the secondary wheel to rotate faster by suitably forming the driven machine. j

Particular mention has been inade of eausbig the wheels to perform equal amountsjof. work; but 1 do not wish to be understood. limiting myself to this, since by pro erly hrranging tho buckets and ItImliuIdi ischarging device or device's one wheel me do more of a oneto-one relation, the primary and secondary wheels may have a one-to-two relation. In Fiixure 1 of the accompanying drawings,

lustrates one embodiment of my invention, is shown a turbine connected to propellers in a more or less diagrammatic manner. Fig. 2 is a detail viewshowing the. ropeller-blades detached from the wheels. ig. 3 is s velocity-diagram for the buckets located beneath it, and Fig.4 and 5 are similar views.

Referrin to the drawings, 1 represents the primary w tech and 2 the secondary wheel. he prlmary wheel is mounted on the hollow shuft 3 and the secondary wheel on the solid shaft 4. 0n the hollow shaft is mounted a. propeller or screw 5,' havin l'cts of the sccondanv wheel at n buckets is one to two.

blades of suite .ablo size and shape. ()n he solid shaft is mounted a propeller or screw 6, havin r blades sectionalizcd t \'pe tr discharge the motive fluid-in the form of a solid jet. It is desirable to provide two or more nozzles and to distribute them around the wheel at points 0: uidist'nnt to balance the strains thereon. The motive lluid leaves the primary wheel with a certain \'tl ltil \',-tllltl strikes the buckpredetermined angle. and thtswithout the intervenlion of intermediate buckets. The enterin and discharge angles of the primary-whee buckets and the shape and size of the propcller bladcsare such that the letter rotate at a definite predetermined speed. The entering and discharge angles of the buckets on the seeondarv' wheel and the she )e and size of the PI'UPtlltP-llltltlCS are such that the hitter'revolvc at twice the speed of the former and perform an equal amount of work.

Figs. 3, 4, and 5 show suitable shapes for buckets with velocity-dingrams for three different conditions of speed. Fig. 3 shows it velocity-diugrenm and buckets for a twowheel combination wherein the speed relation is one to one. Fi 4 [shows a. velocity diugrnm and buckets ibr a two-wheel combination \vbercilr the speed relation of the The difference in anglcs' of tl iebucketsis apparent from inspec tioni Fig.4 shows a velocity-dingram and buckets for a two-wheel combination wherein tlzefspeed relation of the buckets is one to three The angular difference of the buckets i|i,,t'.his=arrangente|1t over that of Fig. 1 is apparent.

11'! the' following-table the respective values are shown:

tnined" qcity. The nozzle may he expand mg or oneexpanding in character and is prefereb lygfilt tough not necessarily, of the I In accordance withthe provisions of the patent statutes I have described the princi- "ple of operation. of my invention, together with the apparatus whic-hI now consider to re )resent the best embodiment thereof; but I esire to have it understood that thc apt aratus shown is only illustrative and that the invention can be carried out by other means.

Vi'hat I claim as nenqondjlesire to secure by Letters Patent oi iin- United States, usi. In an elusuv-llunl turbine, the combinalion of a nozzle or iiuhl iliseharging'device, a-

n'inmrv l)ucl et-\\iieel receiving motive fluid imm the nozzle or lluid-diselmrging device, and a secondary hm-keti-whecl receiving moliniluid directly from the primary wheel, the buckets of the secondary wheel being so shaped that its popd exceeds that of theiprimary wheel.v

2. In an eie'stie-Iluid turbine, the combination of a nozzle, :1- prilnmy bucket-wheel reeeiving motive fluid from the nozzle, ebsee ondar bucket-wheel receiving motive fluid directiy from the primary wheel, the buckets of theyheels being so shaped that the s )eed of the-secondary wheel exceeds that oi the primary wheel, and'primary and secondary shafts connected respectively to the said wheels.

' 3. An elastic-fluid turbine com rising primary and secondary bucket-whee s, a. nozzle and shafts connected to the wheels, in cornhination with load devices connected respectively to the shafts, the secondary wheel and load device connected thereto revolving eta, speed greater than that of the primary wheel and its connected load device.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 16th day of September, 1904.

JOHANN STUMPF.

Witnesses:

IIENRY I-hsrnn, Woumnm HAUP'P.

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