US756382A - Boiler-furnace. - Google Patents

Description

No. 756,382. PATBNTBD APR. 5, 1904. J. P. LESTER.

BOILER FURNAGE.

APPLIOATIDN FILED MAY 1, 1903.

@mi human No. 756,382. PATBNTED APR. 5, 1904.

J. P. LESTER.

BOILER FURNACE.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 1. 190s. No MODEL. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

"7* Magenta:

70 Juif/e6 f1? 963e? UNiini) STATES Patented April 5, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES FRANKLIN LESTER, OF ATLANTA, GEORGIA, ASSIGNOR TO HIM- SELF AND OUYLER SMITH, TRUSTEES, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

BOlLER-FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 756,382, dated 'April 5, 1904.

Application filed May l, 1903. Serial No. 155,205. (No model.)

To all 1,071,011@ it may crm/067%:

Be it known that I, JAMES FRANKLIN LES- TER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Atlanta, in the county of Fulton and State of Georgia, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Boiler-Furnaces; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,

clear, and exact description of the invention,

such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to improvements in a combined boiler and furnace.

The present practice of generating steam is to pass the products of combustion through tubes in one class of boilers for heating the Water. Then again it is the practice in another class of boilers to apply the products of combustion direct to the under side of the boiler structure. In the former case the Water at the top becomes hotter than that at the bottom, resulting in seriously effecting the steampressure when sudden loads or pulls are applied and the steam is drawn on, While in the other case the excessive heat incident to the products of combustion contacting with the boiler soon destroys the metal, and its life is extremely limited.

It is my purpose and the object of this invention to-he'at the under side of the boiler by hot air and provide means to thoroughly commingle the gases that they Will readily ignite in a preliminary combustion-chamber and pass the ignited gases through variable-sized tubes into a commingling-chamber, Where the residue of gases and products of combustion are mixed with the hot air coming from the under side of the boiler Whichadds intensity to the heat, whereupon the escaping products of combustion again pass through a series of tubes to the exit-line. This arrangement of tubes and means for mixing the gases enables me to heat the Water throughout, Whichreformly throughout the Whole volume of Water, and at the same time the life of the metal structure is prolonged.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical sec-4 tion of my improved boiler and furnace. Fig. 2 is a cross-section of the same on the line A A, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail vieW of the air-inlet flues. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section taken through the lire-brick block which is interposed through the fireboX and preliminary combustion-chamber.

The same numerals refer to like parts in all the figures.

1 represents a furnace-casing of a {ire-box 2, grate 3, ash-pit 4, and preliminary combustion-chamber 5.

Interposed between the lire-box 2 and the preliminary combustion-chamber 5 is a block of suitable fire-brick construction 13, which is provided With a series of vertically-arranged combustion-fines 6, communicating with the iire-boX 2 and preliminary combustion-chamber 5. Pockets 7 are formed in the block 13,

and communicating With a number of these pockets are fines 8, which open at their outer ends to the atmosphere, dampers 9 being provided to regulate the introduction of air. Radiating from the pockets 7 are air-fines 10, which communicate With the air-lues 6, the air introduced through the iues 8 being distributed to the pockets and ilue 6, as Will be hereinafter described. A damper 11 may also be arranged to admit air into the preliminary combustion-chamber 5. Other iues 12 pass through the blocks 13, but do not in any Wise communicate With the-'lues 6 or pockets 7 Dampers 15 control the admission of air to the lues 12 at the end opening to the atmosphere, While the opposite ends of the iiues communicate with a space 16 under the boiler now to be described.

In carrying out my invention I employ a boiler having tubes of varying diameters, the tubes nearest the bottom being the largest, as at 18, and they are located intermediate the preliminary combustion chamber 5 and a commingling-chamber 19.

2() and 21 represent the usual water-legs,

and through the latter the fines 12 enter the space 16. The space 16 under the boiler communicates with the flues 12 and the commingling-chamber 19, where all the products of combustion enter in escaping to the exit-Hue.

The upper portion of the boiler is longer than the lower portion, and it extends over the preliminary combustion chamber and forms the top thereof. Tubes 22 extend from the commingling-.chamber 19 to the opposite end of the boiler over the preliminary combustion-chamber, and these tubes are considerably smaller in diameter than the tubes '18, but are more numerous.

While the diameter of the tubes 18 is greater than the tubes 22, I provide them with a series of projections to form resistances for the products of combustion in escaping to the commingling-chamber. I prefer to construct these tubes with a series of alternate annular projections and grooves 211 and 25. Obviously the products of combustion encountering -these projections divides the molecules of gas The gases are liberated in the fire-box 2 and immediately they enter the flues 6 they are mixed with heated air and expansion takes place, and by the time the preliminary combustion-chamber 5 is reached the expanded gases once free contact with each other, which further tends to ignite them. The air entering the flues 8 is first delivered to the pockets 7, where it is distributed to the adjacent flues 6 and intersectsv and mixes with the escapingy products of combustion, and as the flues 10,

Y adjacent the flues 6 first receiving the air, are

in line with those leading from the pockets 7 it necessarily follows that a large proportion of the blast of air, as well as a portion of the products of combustion, will be distributed to the adjacent pockets 'and from there drawn to the remaining iues 6 and mixed with the gases therein. I find that by introducing the heated air in streams and at an angle to the rising products of combustion a highly beneficial mixing action takes place, which not only assists in igniting the gases, but tends to force and distribute the products of combustion to the various flues and pockets and thence to the iiues 6 with which they communicate. It can therefore be appreciated that as the block 13 is immediately over the fire, coupled with the fact that the products of combustion permeate the whole structure, it is heated to an exceedingly high degree of gases are sure to pass unignited, and to make sure the temperature will be maintained after they leave the preliminary combustion I exhaust the heated air from under the boiler into the commingling-chamber19. This air, like that delivered from the flues 6, is thoroughly heated in transit through the block 13 and space 16. The heated air while serving to heat the water does not act on the metal of the boiler like a flame, which adds considerable longevity to the boiler. After the products of combustion pass through the tubes 18 they enter the commingling and secondary combustionfchamber 19, where, as before stated, further mixing of the air and gases takes place, which adds intensity to the heat passing through the tubes 22. `By the time the exit-Hue 27 is reached pratically all the gases are consumed, for by mixing and agitating the products of combustion, as herein described, all the ignitible gases subject to the average ignitible temperature are consumed, and to utilize the heat incident thereto the exit-Hue runs parallel and adjacent the boiler. By passing the products of combustion through the large tubes having the series of projections disintegrates and expands the gases in such a manner that when the commingling and secondary chamber is reached the air from the space 16 is readily intermixed and a uniform temperature is produced. The uniformity of temperature is continued through the upper tubes 22 and serves to uniformly heat the water throughout its volume, resulting in producing steam-pressure, which when subject to sudden impulses will be more readily replenished.

What I claim as new is 1. The combination with a furnace Vcomposed of a re-box, a preliminary combustionohamber, a block having fiues interposed between the fire-box and the preliminary combustion-chamber, and being furthervprovided with flues which communicate with the atmosphere, a boiler, a commingling-chamber, a space being formed under the boiler which communicates with the commingling-chamber and the flues in the block which communicate with the atmosphere, substantially as described.

2. The combination with a furnace composed of a lire-box, a preliminary combustionchamber, a block having flues interposed between thev lire-box and the preliminary com- IOO IIO

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bustion-chamber, a boiler having variable size iues, a commingling-chamber, the fines communicating with the preliminary combustionchamber and the comminglingchamber, a Space being lformed under the boiler which communicates With the commingling-chamber, means for supplying heated air to said space,- and a series of iues in the boiler which communicate with l[he commingling-chamber and an exit, substantially as described.

3. The combination with a furnace composed of Vmeans into which the products of combustion enter and expand, air-fines in said means for introducing air to the products of combustion, said means also being provided with combustion-dues, a boiler, a flue or fines in the boiler, a commingling-chamber, the iiues of the boiler communicating With the commingling-chamber and a space formed under the boiler which communicates at one end with the commingling-chamber and at its opposite end with the combustion flue or lines, substantially as described.

4.. The combination with a furnace, a boiler having fines larger at the bottom than at theV top, a commingling-chamber, the fines of the boiler communicating with said comminglingchamber, a flue or fiues which communicate at one end with the atmosphere and are located within the influence of the fire of the furnace, a space being formed below the boiler which communicates at one end with the commingling-chamber and at its copposite end with the iue or ues, substantially as described.

5. The combination with a furnace, a block therein, a series of combustion-fines in the block through which the products of combustion pass, intermediate pockets Within the block, lines communicating with the atmosphere to supply the pockets with air, flues communicating with the pockets and the combustion-fines, a preliminary combustion-chamber, the series of flues in the block communicating with the said combustion-chamber, a commingling-chamber, a boiler, fiues in the boiler which have internal projections, said iues communicating with the preliminary combustion chamber, and the comminglingchamber, and an exit-line, substantially as described.

6. The combination with a furnace, having a fire-box and a preliminary combustion-chamber, a commingling-chamber, a boiler whose iiues communicate with the preliminary combustion-chamber and the commingling-chamber, a space being formed under the'boiler,

and means for introducing heated air to said space, the latter communicating with the commingling-chamber, substantially as described.

7. The combination with a furnace,having a fire-box and a preliminary combustion-chamber, a commingling-chamber, a boiler having a series of variable size fines, the latter communicating with the preliminary combustionchamber and the commingling-chamber, a series of projections in said fines, a space being formed under the boiler and communicating with the commingling-chamber,and means for supplying said space with heated air, substantially as described.

8. The combination with a furnace,having a lire-box and a preliminary combustion-chamber, a commingling-chamber, a boiler having variable size iues which communicate with the preliminary combustion-chamber and the commingling-chamber, a space being formed under said boiler and communicating with the commingling chamber, means for supplying said space with heated air, a second set of tubes in the boiler, and an eXitflue adjacent the boiler, the second set of tubes communicating with the commingling-chamber and the exitflue, substantially as described.

9. rJhe combination with a furnace having a iire-box and a preliminary combustion-chamber, a block intermediate the fire-box and preliminary combustion-chamber,a series of combustion-fines formed in the block, a series of pockets in the block, air-fines communicating with the pockets and the combustion-fines, and means for introducing air to the pockets and thence to the 'lues by means of the air-hues, substantially as described.

l0. The combination with a furnace composed of a combustion-chamber, a commingling-chamber, a boiler intermediate the combustion-chamber and the commingling-chamber, iues in said boiler which communicate with the combustion chamber and the comminglingchamber, a space formed adjacent the boiler, said space communicating with the commingling-chamber, and combustion-fines formed adjacent the combustion-chamber and communicating with the atmosphere and the space adjacent the boiler, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I afiX my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES FRANKLIN LESTER.

Witnesses:

J. A. BRANCH, SADIE S. WORKMAN.

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