US75627A - cochran - Google Patents

Description

' 2 Sheets--Sheet l.

J. W; COCHRAN. BRBBCH LOADING FIRBARM.

No. 75,627. Patented Mar. 17. 1868.

2 sheetsshee 2.

N. A Dn... .H C O .C W. J.

BRBECH LOADINGv FIREARM.

Patented Mar. 1'7

Z 72 afn/far J. -WEBSTER COCHRAN, 0F NEWl YORKpN'.

Laim Patent No. 75,627, dared nimh 17, 186s.

IMPROVEMENT IN BREFGH-LOADING lEIRE- Ali.lll[S.A

dip Stigehnlt reftmh tu im there ettrni intent mit making 11n-rt nf its saint.

'lO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, J. WEBSTER COCHRAN, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Breach-Loading Fire-Arms; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had te the accompanying drawings, making a portion of this specification, in which i Figure 1 is alongitudinal section of a firearm constructed according to my invention, showing the' same with the recoil-bolt in position to close the breech.

Figure i is a'plan view ofthe same with the recoil-boit in a corresponding position.

Figure 3 is u detached view ofthe recoil-bolt and iiring-pin ofthe same. I

Figure 4 is a transverse section ofthe same, taken inthe line z z of fig. l.

Figure 5 is a transverse section of thevsame, taken in the' line z z of lig. 1.A

Figure 5* is a transverse section of the same, taken in the li'ne'w w of iig. 1.

Figure 6 is a longitudinal section of the arm, showing the same with the recoil-bolt in position to open or unclose the breech. I v

Figure 7 is a plan vicw of the same with the reooil-bolt in the same position.

Figure 8 is a longitudinal section, showing certain features of the invention as employed in the conversion of muzzle-loading arms into breech-loaders.

Figure 9 is a longitudinal section of the same, taken at right angles to g'. 8.

Figure 10 is a. transverse section of the same, taken in the line, y y of figs. 9 and 10.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

This invention relates more especially to that class of breech-loading {ire-arms in whichthebreech is closed by a bolt, which has a sliding movement in the line of the bore for opening and closing, and a movement aboutv its axis-fer the purpose of locking and unlocking it, provision being made for inserting the cartridges through an aperture of just suiicient size in the barrel or breech-receiver, when the bolt-is drawn back to a suitable position, and the tiring of the cartridges being provided for by a pin passing through the said bolt, and struck by a hammer in rear thereof.

The invention consists in a novel combination, with such a recoil-bolt, of a cover for covering up the aforesaid 'aperture in the barrel or breech-receiver when the bolt is closed and locked, and which is also made to serve, in part, as a'means of locking the bolt. It also consists in a. certain construction of the tiring-pin and the hammer, whereby the possibility of zring rthe cartridge prematurely, or before the recoil-bolt is closed and locked, is eti'ectually prevented, but whereby, at the same time, provision is ador-ded for the firing-pin to pass the hammer when it is drawn back with the bolt in opening the breech. It also consists in an improvement v upon the cartridge-shell ejector, which is the subject of my Letters Patent,dated February 20, 1866, whereby its eicieney is increased.

To enable others skilled in the artto |make and use my. invention, I will proceed to describe it with reference to the drawings. i

The barrel A has provided at its rearmost end a breech-receiver, B C, continuous with the bore thereof, and having screwed-upon it a lockframe, D, as shown more fully in figs'. 1 and 6, the said parte being secured to the stock E in any suitable manner. The forward portion, B, of the breech-receiver B C, basa longitudinal opening, a, provided in its upper side, through which the cartridge is placed in the said receiver in loading the arm. The opening aforesaid has its forward or main portion of such width as te readily admit the bodyof the cartridge, but not the tlanch orrim thereof, the said rim being designed to pass down through the widened or enlarged rear portion a ofthe opening, in order that it may necessarily be brought in proper relation with'the shell-extractor, as hereinafter further set forth.. The back or rear portion C ofthe breech-receiver is provided internally with longitudinal ribs, b, between which are an equal number of grooves, c, and the forward ends, b,

of which formlllat shoulders, situated at right angles to the bore of the barrel. The recoil-holt is shown at F,

and consists oF a cylindrical piece of metal, of such size that it may pass freely between the internal ribs just mentioned, :ind furnished at its rearmost end with radial lugs, d, corresponding in number with the ribs b of the breech-receiver, and so shaped that when the reeoil-bolt,.by being turned upon the hngitudinal axis within the forward portieri of the breech-receiver, is brought withthe lugs d in front of the rios b, the said ribswill` serve as solid butments behind the lugs, the breech being closed when the bolt is in this position, and the lutter being thus sustained against the explosion of the charge in tiring; and when the said boltis turned to bring the i lugs thereof in line with the grooves'c between the ribs, the'bloek may beb'rought haelt longitudinally with the lugs sliding in the aforesaid grooves, thus opening the breech to permit the insertion of the cartridge through the opening a, as just set forth. Formed near the forward end of the recoibbolt, circumferentially in the underl side thereof, is a broad groove, e, into which is fitted the upwardly-projecting spur c of the cxtrn'etcr'G, the tooth d of which, being situated in front of the ianch or rim of the cartridgc-shell, tcts to withdraw the same from the barrel when the recoil-bolt is drawn back as just mentioned.. Formed in the bottom of the forward part, B, ofthe breech-receiver, one near each end of such portion, are two slots, fg, through the forward one, f, of which works the curved or convex part of a spring, t, secured to the under side of the receiver, and which may be formed in one piece with another spring, z', the extremity o`f which formsa prong, e, extending up through the slot g, as shown in igs. 1 and 6, the functions of the said springs being hereinafter made to fully appear. I represents a shield, arc-shaped or semioircular in its cross-section, and attached to the recoil-bolt h v a solid connecting-piece, j, at the forward end thereof, and so arranged that when the recoil-bolt is broughtinto position to close the breech, as hereinbefore explained, it will cover the opening at. as shown in iig. 1, and when the recoil-bolt is drawn baci: to open the breech, will be brought outside of the rear portion of the-brecch-rcceiver, as shown in tig. 6. This shield is furnished at its forward end with knobs, k, by which the recoil-bolt connected therewith may be'eonveniently manipulated in opening or closing the breech, nsA the case may be. The tiring-pin is shown at J,- and passes through a suitable slot, provided centrally in the recoil-beit, und

' is of such length that when the breech is closed, its rearmost ond will still project into the lock-frame D, as indicated in iig. 1. The forward portion, a*, of this firing-pin is `reduced in diameter, and has placed around i?, Within a cavity formed for the purpose, a spiral spring, h*, which tends to press back the ming-pin, which, furthermore, is formed with a transverse oblong slot, through whi-h--passes a pin, 0*, the said pin serving to limit the backward movement ofthe tiring-pin with reference to the recoil-bolt, and also causing the firing-pin `to turn with the said recoil-bolt when the same is turned upon its longitudinal airis, as hercinbefre explained. -At the rearmost end of the firing-pin is a radial spur, di. When the recoil-bolt il forwardto' close the breech, und the hammer K is down, as shown in g. 1, this spur d* is fitted into n notch, e*, provided in the front part of the loch-frame D, the said spur being pressed into the aforesaid notch by the pressureof tho inmimer upon it. he innermost side of the hammer is recessed or cnt away, as shown atfl, in such manner that when the hammer is brought back, as, for instance, to half cock," and the spur d* is brought out of the recess' just mentioned and turned upward into a. vertical position, it may pas@ the hammer when the recoil-bolt, with,

the firing-pin attached thereto, is brqngbtback, as hereinbefore explained, to unclose the breech.

Formed in the bottom of the rear part, C, ofthe breech-receiver B C, is an opening, 9*, which also extends. through the stock, and the object of which is to provide a means whereby,'whcn. the breech-receiver andthev recoil-bolt are cleaned, by pouring water into the said receiver through the upper opening, a, thereof, and working the recoil-bolt backward and forward, the dirt und extraneous matter, together with the water, may freely paas' out or escupe therefrom. y i I VIn order to load the arm, the hammer is first brought back to half cock," thus allowing the spiral spring b* to force back the firing-pin J until its spur d* clears the recess e*. The recoil-bolt, together with the shield I attached thereto, is turned toward the left hand, upon the longitudinal axis ofthe said bolt,'thus bringing the lugs d of the recoil-bolt in linowith the grooves c between the ribs b, as hcreinbefore explained, and, ut thosaino time, turns the tiring-pin, so that its spur d is brought into a vertical 'or nearly vertical position, 'which being done, the recoil-bolt is brought longitudinally back within the receiver, the lugs d traversing the -grooves e between the rilzs b and the recessf* in. the inner side of the hammer, permitting the spur L*, in its vertical position, to pass the said hammer. As the recoil-bolt is thus drawn back, the tooth dof the extractor; catching in the ordinary manner upon the auch or rim of the cartridge-shell, draws back the same until therear end of the extractor strikes the fixed stud a", which tilts. upward the-forward end of the extractor, and the suddenness and force of such tilting movement of the extractor being very materially increased by the upward pressure of.

the spring i', the cartridge-shell is thrown completely out ofthe breech-receiver, through theopening a, uncovered by tho backward movement of the sheild I with the recoilbolt, as hereinbefore full;` set forth.

As the rocoibbolt is thus moved back, the curved portion of the spring h projects 'upward through the slot f,.in the position shown in fig. 1. The breech being thus opened, and the empty shell ejected from the arm, the

cartridge for the succeeding charge is dropped into thc forward part ofthe breech-receiver, its hunched-or butt part passing through the enlarged rear portion, a', of the opening a, and dropping with -the ilanch behind the tooth d of the extractor, whereupon the recoil-bolt is pushed forward, and forcing thecaltridgc befcreihvforcos the same into its piace in the barrel, the inclined or curved surface of the spring h acting as a guide to, prevent the cartridge from striking at the forward end of the'breech-receiver as it enters the barrel. This being done,

the recoil-bolt is turned to bring its lugs in front of the shoulders b, formed by the forward ends of the ribs b,

thus closing the breech, as herein fully described, the recoil-bolt being held in this position by a supplemental spring frictiomcatch, b, attached at one side of the breech-receiver, and catching iutoa suitable notchy'formud near the edge of the shs'ld I, the spur d* of the tiring-pin being at the same time brought into its original position with regard to the recess ei, and in front ofthe striking surface or portion of the hammer, in such bolt is not in the proper position, being prevented bythe striking, which would occur, of the Aspur d* of the 4firingpin upon that portion of the jlocky'frame adjacent to the aforesaid recess, e*.

In figs. 8, 9, and 10 is shawn a modification, whereby the principle of the invention may be employed in the conversion of muzzle-loading to breech-loading arms, and which dilers, for themost part, from the construction hithcrto herein-described, in this, that the striking surface, which actnates the ringn-pin, instead'lof being-formed directly upon the hammer, is constituted by the forward end of a rod, indicated at m, and formed upon a sliding piece, L, forced forward in firing by the impact `of" the hammer upon it. The-rod m is so arranged that when the recoil-bolt isin position to close the breech, the spur d* of the firing-pin thereof will Vbe situated in front of the said rod, so that the forward movement of the latter willV operate the firing-pin to'gnte the cartridge, and when the recoil-bolt is turned preparatory to bringing back the same, the spur will bc lbrought out of line with the said rod, so as to permit such movement of the bolt; the rod, as the recoil-bolus thus bronght baclf, entering a hole formed in the latter parallel with the firing-pin, as shownpin tig. 9, whereby tlre justmentioned movement thereof is allowed; In this case', as in the other hereinbeforc described, the width of the for ward portion 0 the opening a, throughA which the body of the cartridge is passed toA the breech-receiver, is

less than the diameter of the recoil-*bolt working within the said receiver,so that any tilting upward of the' forward portion of the recoil-bolt, which wouldvbe "caused if the width of such part of the opening were equal to thc diameter of the aforesaid bolt, is effectually provided against.

WhatI claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The external shield I, in combination with the recoil-bolt,. constructed and operated as described, sub`- stantially as and for the purpose specified. v

2. The firing-pin J, in combinalion, substantially as described, with the recoil-bolt F, und the hammerl or striking-device, whereby, when the reoil-bolt is turned preparatory to opening'the breech, the firing-pin` shall be turned or brought out of line or contact with the said hammer or device, substantially ns and for thepu'rpose specified. i v 3. The head d* of the firing-pin, arranged in relation with the recess e* and the hammer, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

4. The arrangement of thehead d* of the firing-pin with reference to ,the recessed portionf* ofthe hammer.

substantially as and for the purpose specified.

' J. W. COCHRAN.

Witnesses:

A. La Canne, J; W. Cooifss.

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