US7327333B2 - Method and apparatus for reducing flicker when displaying pictures on a plasma display panel - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for reducing flicker when displaying pictures on a plasma display panel Download PDF

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US7327333B2
US7327333B2 US10/951,873 US95187304A US7327333B2 US 7327333 B2 US7327333 B2 US 7327333B2 US 95187304 A US95187304 A US 95187304A US 7327333 B2 US7327333 B2 US 7327333B2
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sub
field
field group
video signal
load ratio
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US20050073616A1 (en
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Mi-Young Joo
Im-Su Choi
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Samsung SDI Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/28—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels
    • G09G3/288—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels
    • G09G3/291—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels controlling the gas discharge to control a cell condition, e.g. by means of specific pulse shapes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
    • G09G3/2018—Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals
    • G09G3/2022—Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals using sub-frames
    • G09G3/2029—Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals using sub-frames the sub-frames having non-binary weights
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/28—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels
    • G09G3/288—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels
    • G09G3/291—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels controlling the gas discharge to control a cell condition, e.g. by means of specific pulse shapes
    • G09G3/294—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels controlling the gas discharge to control a cell condition, e.g. by means of specific pulse shapes for lighting or sustain discharge
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/28—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels
    • G09G3/288—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels
    • G09G3/296—Driving circuits for producing the waveforms applied to the driving electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0247—Flicker reduction other than flicker reduction circuits used for single beam cathode-ray tubes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0266—Reduction of sub-frame artefacts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2360/00—Aspects of the architecture of display systems
    • G09G2360/16—Calculation or use of calculated indices related to luminance levels in display data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
    • G09G3/2018—Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals
    • G09G3/2022—Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals using sub-frames
    • G09G3/204—Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals using sub-frames the sub-frames being organized in consecutive sub-frame groups
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/28—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels
    • G09G3/288—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using luminous gas-discharge panels, e.g. plasma panels using AC panels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for displaying pictures on a plasma display panel (PDP), and more particularly to a method and apparatus for reducing flicker when displaying pictures on a PDP, based on an input phase alternation line (PAL) video signal of 50 Hz.
  • PDP plasma display panel
  • PAL phase alternation line
  • LCDs liquid crystal displays
  • FEDs field emission displays
  • PDPs are advantageous over the other flat panel displays in regard to their high luminance, high luminous efficiency and wide viewing angle. Accordingly, the PDPs are being highlighted as a substitute for conventional cathode ray tubes (CRTs) for large-screen displays of more than 40 inches.
  • CRTs cathode ray tubes
  • the PDPs are flat panel displays that use plasma generated by gas discharge to display characters or images.
  • the PDPs include, according to their size, more than several tens to millions of pixels arranged in the form of a matrix. These PDPs are classified into a direct current (DC) type and an alternating current (AC) type according to patterns of waveforms of driving voltages applied thereto and discharge cell structures thereof.
  • DC direct current
  • AC alternating current
  • Such PDPs must realize gradation display so that they function as color display devices.
  • a method has been used in which one field is divided into a plurality of sub-fields, and the sub-fields are controlled in a time-sharing manner.
  • flickers may be generated in the gray scale expression in PDPs. Such flickers have close relation with the visual characteristics of human eyes. Generally, flickers may be more easily recognizable by human eyes on a larger screen or at a lower frequency. Where images of PAL video signals are displayed on a PDP, a large amount of flickers are generated because both the above-mentioned conditions are required.
  • the idle period vertical frame blanking period
  • the present invention provides a method for displaying pictures on a plasma display panel by dividing, into a plurality of sub-fields, each of frames respectively corresponding to pictures to be displayed on the plasma display panel, based on an input video signal, and combining luminance weights of the sub-fields to display gray scales, wherein the plurality of sub-fields are divided into a first sub-field group and a second sub-field group having sub-fields of a number less than the number of sub-fields in the first sub-field group, wherein in the method, a start point of the first sub-field group and an end point of the second sub-field group are fixed when the input video signal has a load ratio not higher than a predetermined threshold value, and sustain pulses of a number determined in accordance with the load ratio are applied, and an end point of the first sub-field group and the end point of the second sub-field group are fixed when the input video signal has a load ratio higher than the predetermined threshold value, and sustain pulses of the number
  • the present invention provides a method for displaying pictures on a plasma display panel by dividing, into a plurality of sub-fields, each of frames respectively corresponding to pictures to be displayed on the plasma display panel, based on an input video signal, and combining luminance weights of the sub-fields to display gray scales, wherein the plurality of sub-fields are divided into a first sub-field group and a second sub-field group having sub-fields of a number more than the number of sub-fields in the first sub-field group, wherein in the method, an end point of the first sub-field group and a start point of the second sub-field group are fixed when the input video signal has a load ratio not higher than a predetermined threshold value, and applying sustain pulses of a number determined in accordance with the load ratio, and the end point of the first sub-field group and an end point of the second sub-field group are fixed when the input video signal has a load ratio higher than the predetermined threshold value, and sustain pulses of the number determined
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for displaying pictures on a plasma display panel by dividing, into a plurality of sub-fields, each of frames respectively corresponding to pictures to be displayed on the plasma display panel, based on an input video signal, and combining luminance weights of the sub-fields to display a gray scale, comprising a video signal processor, a vertical frequency detector, a memory controller, an automatic power controller, a sub-field variation range determiner, and a sustain/scan pulse driving controller.
  • the video signal processor digitizes the input video signal, thereby generating digital video data.
  • the vertical frequency detector analyzes the digital video data output from the video signal processor, detects, based on the result of the analysis, whether the input video data is a phase alternation line (PAL) signal, and outputs the result of the determination as a data switch value, together with the digital video data.
  • the memory controller receives the digital video data and data switch value output from the vertical frequency detector, generates sub-field data and address data corresponding to the received data switch value, and divides the sub-field data into successive first and second sub-field groups when the input video signal is a PAL video signal, and applies the generated sub-field data and address data to the plasma display panel.
  • PAL phase alternation line
  • the automatic power controller detects a load ratio from the digital video data, calculates an automatic power control (APC) level, based on the detected load ratio, to derive the number of sustain discharge pulses corresponding to the calculated APC level, and outputs the calculated APC level and the derived number of sustain discharge pulses.
  • the sub-field variation range determiner determines a variation range of each sub-field, based on the load ratio output from the automatic power controller, and determines points, to be fixed, from start and end points of the first and second sub-field groups, based on whether or not the load ratio is higher than a predetermined threshold value, thereby determining a start position of each sub-field.
  • the sustain/scan pulse driving controller receives the number of sustain pulses, an address pulse width of each sub-field, the start position of each sub-field, and the data switch value from the sub-field variation range determiner, generates a sub-field arrangement based on the data switch value, generates a control signal based on the generated sub-field arrangement, and applies the control signal to the plasma display panel.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a conventional sub-field arrangement
  • FIG. 2 is a table showing an example in which low gray scales are expressed using sub-field arrangements
  • FIG. 3 is a conceptual view showing pseudo contours generated in accordance with motion of a picture for adjacent gray scales of 4 and 3 in the sub-field arrangement;
  • FIGS. 4 a to 4 c are diagrams showing sub-field positions and light emission center positions for various APC levels in a sub-field arrangement of a conventional PDP, wherein FIG. 4 a shows the case associated with a minimum APC level, FIG. 4 b shows the case associated with a maximum APC level, and FIG. 4 c shows the case in which the period of a first sub-field group is longer than the period of a second sub-field group;
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a sub-field arrangement according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a table showing an example in which low gray scales are expressed using the sub-field arrangement according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a concept view showing pseudo contours generated in accordance with motion of a picture for adjacent gray scales of 4 and 3 in the sub-field arrangement according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 8 a and 8 b are diagrams showing sub-field positions and light emission center positions for various APC levels in the sub-field arrangement of FIG. 5 , wherein FIG. 8 a shows the case associated with a minimum APC level, and FIG. 8 b shows the case associated with a maximum APC level;
  • FIGS. 9 a to 9 c are diagrams respectively illustrating a sub-field arrangement according to a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 9 a shows the case associated with a minimum APC level, FIG. 9 b shows the case associated with an APC level increased from the minimum APC level, but not higher than a predetermined threshold value, and FIG. 9 c shows the case associated with an APC level higher than the predetermined threshold value;
  • FIGS. 10 a to 10 c are diagrams showing sub-field positions and light emission center positions for various APC levels in the sub-field arrangement of FIGS. 9 a to 9 c , wherein FIG. 10 a shows the case associated with a minimum APC level, FIG. 10 b shows the case associated with an APC level increased from the minimum APC level, but not higher than the predetermined threshold value, and FIG. 10 c shows the case associated with an APC level higher than the predetermined threshold value;
  • FIGS. 11 a to 11 c are diagrams respectively illustrating a sub-field arrangement according to a third embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 11 a shows the case associated with a minimum APC level, FIG. 11 b shows the case associated with an APC level increased from the minimum APC level, but not higher than a predetermined threshold value, and FIG. 11 c shows the case associated with an APC level higher than the predetermined threshold value;
  • FIGS. 12 a to 12 c are diagrams showing sub-field positions and light emission center positions for various APC levels in the sub-field arrangement of FIGS. 11 a to 11 c , wherein FIG. 12 a shows the case associated with the minimum APC level, FIG. 12 b shows the case associated with an APC level increased from the minimum APC level, but not higher than the predetermined threshold value, and FIG. 12 c shows the case associated with an APC level higher than the predetermined threshold value; and
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for displaying pictures on a PDP in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the sub-fields of one frame are divided into two groups G 1 and G 2 , which are set to have the same sub-field arrangement in sub-fields thereof except for the least significant bit (LSB) sub-fields, or to have similar luminance weight distributions of sub-fields, in order to reduce large-area flickers generated when a PDP is driven, using a 50 Hz video signal.
  • This method is very effective in reducing flickers, as compared to conventional sub-field arrangements such as a lowest ascending-order arrangement or lowest descending-order arrangement.
  • the period of one frame is 20 ms in total, and the period of each sub-field group G 1 or G 2 is fixed to 10 ms.
  • There are two idle periods IDLE 1 and IDLE 2 one of which is present at the end of the frame period, that is, the end of the period of the second sub-field group G 1 , with the other being present between the first and second sub-field groups G 1 and G 2 , that is, at the end of the first sub-field group G 1 .
  • one vertical frame blanking period has been replaced by two vertical frame blanking periods VFB 1 , VFB 2 , one at the end of the frame period and the other between the two sub-field groups.
  • FIG. 2 is a table showing an example in which low gray scales are expressed using a conventional sub-field arrangement.
  • the time interval between the LSB (least significant bit) and LSB+1 sub-fields is as long as several ms.
  • the LSB sub-field SF 1 of the first sub-field group G 1 and the LSB sub-field SF 1 of the second sub-field group G 2 are driven (ON).
  • the sub-field SF 1 of the first sub-field group G 1 is rendered to be the LSB sub-field of the frame
  • the sub-field SF 1 of the second sub-field group G 2 is rendered to be the LSB+1 sub-field of the frame.
  • the time interval between the LSB and LSB+1 sub-fields of the frame is 10 ms, and so, is very large.
  • FIG. 3 is a conceptual view showing pseudo contours generated in accordance with motion of a picture for adjacent gray scales of 4 and 3.
  • pseudo contours are generated at five positions in total in accordance with motion of a picture for adjacent gray scales of 4 and 3.
  • Respective differences between the highest one of the original gray scales, that is, the gray scale of 4, and gray scales distorted from the gray scale of 4 at respective pseudo contour generation positions are 2, 1, 3, 2, and 1.5. These differences represent respective intensities of the generated pseudo contours.
  • Such distortion of gray scales is represented in the form of color distortion, and is recognizable in the form of a color distortion having a contour by human eyes.
  • PDPs typically use an automatic power control (APC) scheme to control power consumption in accordance with the load ratio of a frame to be displayed (average signal level or load ratio) because they exhibit high power consumption due to the driving characteristics thereof.
  • APC automatic power control
  • the APC scheme is a method to determine an APC level for input image data, depending on the load ratio of input image data, and to limit power consumption below a certain level while varying the number of sustain pulses depending on the determined APC level.
  • the number of sustain pulses applied to each sub-field is varied, depending on the load ratio of the associated frame. That is, the total number of sustain pulses applied to each of the sub-field groups G 1 and G 2 in a frame varies in accordance with the load ratio of the frame.
  • the number of sustain pulses applied to each sub-field is varied, depending on the load ratio of the frame, because each sub-field has the number of sustain pulses corresponding to the luminance weight of the sub-field.
  • FIGS. 4 a to 4 c are diagrams showing sub-field positions and light emission center positions for various APC levels in the sub-field arrangement of a PDP.
  • FIG. 4 a shows the case associated with a minimum APC level
  • FIG. 4 b shows the case associated with a maximum APC level.
  • the time intervals of light emission center positions in all sub-field groups G 1 and G 2 in successive frames that is, the time interval TIME G 1 G 2 and the time interval TIME G 2 G 1 , are identical. Accordingly, the light emission center positions of the first and second sub-field groups G 1 and G 2 have a periodicity for various gray scale ranges. Therefore, the sub-field arrangement of the PDP generates a reduced amount of flickers.
  • the LSB sub-fields of the first and second sub-field groups G 1 and G 2 which are driven (ON), are varied in position.
  • the time interval TIME G 1 G 2 between the light emission center positions of the first and second sub-field groups G 1 and G 2 in one frame is shorter than the time interval TIME G 2 G 1 between the light emission center position of the second sub-field group G 2 in the frame and the light emission center position of the first sub-field group G 1 in the next frame.
  • the light emission centers of the sub-field groups G 1 and G 2 in successive frames lose periodicity, thereby causing generation of flickers.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a sub-field arrangement according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • one frame is composed of two individual sub-field groups G 1 and G 2 in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention. Also, the frame has two idle periods IDLE 3 and IDLE 4 positioned at respective ends of the sub-field groups G 1 and G 2 .
  • the first sub-field group G 1 consists of 8 sub-fields. Respective luminance weights of the sub-fields in the first sub-field group G 1 are set to 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40, starting from a least significant bit (LSB) one of the sub-fields. However, setting of luminance weights in the first sub-field group G 1 may be appropriately varied by those skilled in the art.
  • LSB least significant bit
  • the second sub-field group G 2 consists of 6 sub-fields. Respective luminance weights of the sub-fields in the second sub-field group G 2 are set to 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40, starting from an LSB one of the sub-fields. However, setting of luminance weights in the second sub-field group G 2 may be appropriately varied by those skilled in the art.
  • the sub-field arrangement of the first sub-field group G 1 corresponds to an arrangement in which LSB and LSB+1 sub-fields respectively having luminance weights of 1 and are added to the sub-field arrangement of the second sub-field group G 2 .
  • the first sub-field group G 1 starts from a start position of the frame, that is, 0 ms.
  • the total period Time A of the first sub-field group G 1 including an idle period IDLE 3 for which no APC (automatic power control) is carried out because the load ratio of the frame is minimal, is set to be longer than 10 ms.
  • the total period Time B of the second sub-field group G 2 including an idle period IDLE 4 is set to be shorter than 10 ms. That is, Time A>Time B.
  • FIG. 6 is a table showing an example in which low gray scales are expressed using the sub-field arrangement according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the LSB and LSB+ 1 sub-fields SF 1 and SF 2 of the first sub-field group G 1 are driven (ON).
  • there is a small time interval between the driven sub-fields SF 1 and SF 2 because both the driven sub-fields SF 1 and SF 2 are present in the first sub-field group G 1 .
  • the time interval between the LSB and LSB+1 sub-fields of the frame is very short. Accordingly, it is possible to greatly reduce pseudo contours generated at the boundary of adjacent gray scales when motion of a picture recognizable by human eyes is carried out.
  • FIG. 7 is a concept view showing pseudo contours generated in accordance with motion of a picture for adjacent gray scales of 4 and 3 in the sub-field arrangement according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • pseudo contours are generated at two positions in total in accordance with motion of a picture for adjacent gray scales of 4 and 3 in the sub-field arrangement according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Respective differences between the highest one of the original gray scales, that is, the gray scale of 4, and gray scales distorted from the gray scale of 4 at respective pseudo contour generation positions are 2 and 0.5. Accordingly, it can be seen that the sub-field arrangement according to the first embodiment of the present invention exhibits a reduced number of pseudo contour generation positions by 3, as compared to a conventional sub-field arrangement and a reduced difference between the original gray scale and the distorted gray scale corresponding to 1 ⁇ 4 of that of the conventional sub-field arrangement.
  • the sub-field arrangement according to the first embodiment of the present invention exhibits a great reduction in generation of pseudo contours, as compared to the conventional sub-field arrangement.
  • the sub-field arrangement according to the first embodiment of the present invention may involve generation of flickers in that there is no periodicity of light emission center positions because the total period of the first sub-field group G 1 is longer than the total period of the second sub-field group G 2 .
  • FIGS. 8 a and 8 b are diagrams showing sub-field positions and light emission center positions for various APC (automatic power control) levels in the sub-field arrangement of FIG. 5 .
  • FIG. 8 a shows the case associated with a minimum APC level
  • FIG. 8 b shows the case associated with a maximum APC level.
  • the time interval between the light emission center positions of the sub-field groups G 1 and G 2 in one frame may be, for example, 9 ms, and the time interval between the light emission center position of the sub-field group G 2 in the frame and the light emission center position of the sub-field group G 1 in the next frame may be, for example, 11 ms, so as to be slightly longer than the time interval of 9 ms.
  • the time interval between the light emission center positions of the sub-field groups G 1 and G 2 in one frame is the same as the case of the minimum APC level shown in FIG. 8 a
  • the time interval between the light emission center position of the sub-field group G 2 in the frame and the light emission center position of the sub-field group G 1 in the next frame is also the same as the case of the minimum APC level shown in FIG. 8 a.
  • the period of each sub-field in each of the first and second sub-field groups G 1 and G 2 is reduced, and the idle periods IDLE 3 and IDLE 4 increase when APC is carried out or in the case of the maximum APC level, as shown in FIG. 8 b , as compared to the case of the minimum APC level shown in FIG. 8 a .
  • the start point of the second sub-field group G 2 is constant. For this reason, the time interval between the light emission center positions of the first and second sub-field groups G 1 and G 2 in one frame increases, whereas the time interval between the light emission center position of the sub-field group G 2 in the frame and the light emission center position of the sub-field group G 1 in the next frame is reduced. As a result, the time interval between the light emission center positions of successive sub-field groups is the same as the case of the minimum APC level.
  • FIGS. 9 a to 9 c and FIGS. 10 a to 10 c a sub-field arrangement according to a second embodiment of the present invention to solve the above-described problems will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 9 a to 9 c and FIGS. 10 a to 10 c.
  • FIGS. 9 a to 9 c are diagrams respectively illustrating the sub-field arrangement according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 a shows the case associated with a minimum APC level
  • FIG. 9 b shows the case associated with an APC level increased from the minimum APC level, but not higher than a predetermined threshold value
  • FIG. 9 c shows the case associated with an APC level higher than the predetermined threshold value.
  • the sub-field arrangement according to the second embodiment of the present invention is the same as the sub-field arrangement according to the first embodiment of the present invention ( FIG. 5 ).
  • this idle period IDLE 5 is negligible in the case of the minimum APC level because the load ratio in this case is the minimum (that is, display is carried out using a maximum number of sustaining discharge pulses).
  • the period Time B of the second sub-field group G 2 exactly includes the idle period IDLE 5 as well as the idle period IDLE 4 , as shown in FIG. 9 a.
  • the idle period IDLE 6 positioned at the end point of the first sub-field group G 1 gradually increases, as shown in FIG. 9 b .
  • the idle period IDLE 8 positioned at the start point of the second sub-field group G 2 gradually increases. This can be implemented by fixing the start point of the first sub-field group G 1 while fixing the end position of the second sub-field group G 2 .
  • the idle period IDLE 6 positioned at the end point of the first sub-field group G 1 and the idle period IDLE 8 positioned at the start point of the second sub-field group G 2 gradually increase because respective periods of the first and second sub-field groups G 1 and G 2 are gradually reduced.
  • the idle period IDLE 7 positioned at the end point of the second sub-field group G 2 is fixed to be the same as or slightly longer than the idle period IDLE 4 in the case in which no APC is carried out.
  • the increase in the idle periods IDLE 6 and IDLE 8 is carried out while including an increase in the idle period IDLE 7 . Accordingly, the idle periods IDLE 6 and IDLE 8 are longer than the idle periods IDLE 3 and IDLE 5 in the case in which no APC is carried out.
  • the APC level reaches the predetermined threshold APC level when the time intervals of the light emission center positions of successive sub-field groups G 1 and G 2 in successive frames are rendered to be the same in accordance with the increase in APC level as shown in FIG. 9 b .
  • the threshold APC level may be experimentally determined.
  • the end point of the first sub-field group G 1 is fixed, as shown in FIG. 9 c .
  • the idle period IDLE 12 positioned at the start point of the first sub-field group G 1 is gradually increased in accordance with the increase in APC level.
  • the end point thereof is fixed, as shown in FIG. 9 b .
  • the idle period IDLE 11 positioned at the start point of the second sub-field group G 2 is gradually increased in accordance with the increase in APC level.
  • the idle period IDLE 9 is the same as the idle period IDLE 6 set when the APC level reaches the predetermined threshold value.
  • the time interval between the light emission center positions of successive sub-field groups G 1 and G 2 in successive frames can be constant by fixing the end point of the first sub-field group G 1 and the end point of the second sub-field group G 2 .
  • FIGS. 10 a to 10 c are diagrams showing sub-field positions and light emission center positions for various APC levels in the sub-field arrangement of FIGS. 9 a to 9 c .
  • FIG. 10 a shows the case associated with a minimum APC level
  • FIG. 10 b shows the case associated with an APC level increased from the minimum APC level, but not higher than the predetermined threshold value
  • FIG. 10 c shows the case associated with an APC level higher than the predetermined threshold value.
  • the start point of the second sub-field group G 2 varies to be spaced apart from the first sub-field group G 2 by an increased interval, as compared to the case of a lower APC level (that is, the case of FIG. 10 a ), as shown in FIG. 10 b . Accordingly, the time interval TIME G 1 G 2 between the light emission center positions of the sub-field groups G 1 and G 2 in one frame increases, as compared to the case of the lower APC level.
  • the time interval TIME G 2 G 1 between the light emission center position of the sub-field group G 2 in the frame and the light emission center position of the sub-field group G 1 in the next frame is reduced, as compared to the case of the lower APC level.
  • the time intervals TIME G 1 G 2 and TIME G 2 G 1 of successive sub-field groups in successive frames are gradually varied to be the same.
  • the time intervals TIME G 1 G 2 and TIME G 2 G 1 of successive sub-field groups in successive frames are rendered to be the same.
  • the start point of the first sub-field group G 1 is further spaced apart from a sync pulse associated therewith in accordance with the increase in APC level, as shown in FIG. 10 c (that is, the case of the sub-field arrangement shown in FIG. 9 c ). That is, the idle period IDLE 12 increases. In this case, the idle period IDLE 9 is maintained to be the same as the case in which the APC level corresponds to the predetermined threshold value.
  • the light emission center position of each sub-field group coincides with the point at which the APC level corresponds to the predetermined threshold value, in spite of the APC level increase. Accordingly, even when the APC level increases over the predetermined threshold value, the time intervals TIME G 1 G 2 and TIME G 2 G 1 of the light emission center positions of successive sub-field groups G 1 and G 2 in successive frames are maintained to be the same.
  • FIGS. 11 a to 11 c are diagrams respectively illustrating a sub-field arrangement according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 a shows the case associated with a minimum APC level
  • FIG. 11 b shows the case associated with an APC level increased from the minimum APC level, but not higher than a predetermined threshold value
  • FIG. 11 c shows the case associated with an APC level higher than the predetermined threshold value.
  • FIGS. 12 a to 12 c are diagrams showing sub-field positions and light emission center positions for various APC levels in the sub-field arrangement of FIGS. 11 a to 11 c .
  • FIG. 12 a shows the case associated with the minimum APC level
  • FIG. 12 b shows the case associated with an APC level increased from the minimum APC level, but not higher than the predetermined threshold value
  • FIG. 12 c shows the case associated with an APC level higher than the predetermined threshold value.
  • the sub-field arrangement shown in FIGS. 11 a to 11 c has a low possibility of generation of pseudo contours in low gray scales because the sub-fields respectively having weights of 1 and 2 lower than those of the remaining sub-fields in the sub-field arrangement are arranged to be adjacent to each other.
  • flickers may be generated because light emission centers are non-periodic, similarly to the above-described case. Such flicker generation can be reduced, using a method according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the minimum APC level as shown in FIG. 11 a , there is no variation in idle periods IDLE 13 , IDLE 14 , and IDLE 15 . Accordingly, the light emission center positions of successive sub-field groups are non-periodic (that is, TIME G 1 G 2 >TIME G 2 G 1 , as shown in FIG. 12 a ).
  • the idle period IDLE 18 positioned at the start point of the first sub-field group G 1 gradually increases, as shown in FIG. 11 b .
  • the idle period IDLE 17 positioned at the end point of the second sub-field group G 2 also gradually increases.
  • the time interval TIME G 1 G 2 between the light emission center positions of the first and second sub-field groups G 1 and G 2 in one frame is gradually reduced, and the time interval TIME G 2 G 1 between the light emission center position of the second sub-field group G 2 in the frame and the light emission center position of the first sub-field group G 1 in the next frame increases.
  • the increase of the idle periods IDLE 17 and IDLE 18 is stopped when the light emission center positions of successive sub-field groups have a periodicity.
  • the APC level corresponds to the predetermined threshold value.
  • the end point of the first sub-field group G 1 is fixed, as shown in FIG. 11 c .
  • the end point of the second sub-field group G 2 is fixed. Accordingly, the idle period IDLE 21 positioned at the start point of the first sub-field group G 1 is gradually increased in accordance with the increase in APC level. Also, the idle period IDLE 22 positioned at the start point of the second sub-field group G 2 increases gradually.
  • the light emission center positions of successive sub-field groups G 1 and G 2 in successive frames that is, the time intervals TIME G 1 G 2 and TIME G 2 G 1 ) have a periodicity from the point of time when the APC level corresponds to the predetermined threshold value.
  • the light emission center positions of successive sub-field groups in successive frames have a periodicity from the point of time when the APC level corresponds to the predetermined threshold value. Accordingly, it is possible to remarkably reduce generation of flickers. In this case, it is also possible to obtain the effect of reducing generation of pseudo contours because the sub-fields respectively having weights of 1 and 2 lower than those of the remaining sub-fields in the sub-field arrangement are arranged to be adjacent to each other.
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for displaying pictures on a PDP in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus includes a video signal processor 100 , a vertical frequency detector 200 , a gamma corrector/error diffuser 300 , a memory controller 400 , an address driver 500 , an APC 600 , a sub-field variation range determiner 700 , a sustain/scan pulse driving controller 800 , a sustain/scan pulse driver 900 and a PDP 1000 .
  • the video signal processor 100 digitizes a video signal externally inputted thereto, thereby generating digital video data.
  • the vertical frequency detector 200 analyzes the digital video data output from the video signal processor 100 , and determines, based on the result of the analysis, whether the input video is data is an NTSC signal of 60 Hz or a PAL signal of 50 Hz. The vertical frequency detector 200 then outputs the result of the determination as a data switch value, together with the digital video data.
  • the gamma corrector/error diffuser 300 receives the digital video data output from the vertical frequency detector 200 , and corrects the gamma value of the digital video data to meet the characteristics of the PDP 1000 . Simultaneously, the gamma corrector/error diffuser 300 performs error diffusion to diffuse display errors of the digital video data to peripheral pixels. Thus, the gamma corrector/error diffuser 300 outputs the gamma-corrected and error-diffused digital video data.
  • the data switch value which represents whether the digital video data output from the vertical frequency detector 200 is an NTSC signal of 60 Hz or a PAL signal of 50 Hz, is output, as it is, to both the memory controller 400 and the APC 600 via the gamma corrector/error diffuser 300 .
  • the memory controller 400 receives the digital video data and data switch value output from the gamma corrector/error diffuser 300 , and generates sub-field data corresponding to the received digital image data, using a method selected in accordance with the data switch value from different methods respectively applied to a video signal of 50 Hz and a video signal of 60 Hz.
  • the memory controller 400 generates sub-field data corresponding to the digital video data in such a manner that the sub-field data has a single sub-field group, as in conventional cases.
  • the memory controller 400 generates sub-field data in such a manner that the sub-field data is divided into two sub-field groups G 1 and G 2 , the first sub-field group G 1 consists of 8 sub-fields, and the second sub-field group G 2 consists of 6 sub-fields, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 9 a .
  • the generated sub-field data is then output to the address driver 500 through memory input and output processing.
  • the address driver 500 generates address data corresponding to the sub-field data output from the memory controller 400 , and applies the address data to respective address electrodes A 1 , A 2 , . . . , Am of the PDP 1000 .
  • the APC 600 detects a load ratio from the video data output from the gamma corrector/error diffuser 300 , calculates an APC level, based on the detected load ratio, derives the number of sustain discharge pulses corresponding to the calculated APC level, and outputs the resultant values.
  • the sub-field variation range determiner 700 determines a variation range of each sub-field, based on the load ratio output from the APC 600 , and determines a start position of each sub-field within the determined variation range of the sub-field. In this case, the sub-field variation range determiner 700 determines the start position of each sub-field, based on the load ratio (APC level), such that the start position of each sub-field corresponds to an associated one of the positions shown in FIG. 9 a ⁇ 9 c or 11 a ⁇ 11 c .
  • the sub-field variation range determiner 700 determines points, to be fixed, from start and end points of the first and second sub-field groups, based on whether or not the load ratio is higher than a predetermined threshold value, thereby determining a start position of each sub-field.
  • APC level is calculated from the detected load ratio in the gamma corrector/error diffuser 300 , the APC level and the load ratio are convertible, and the threshold APC level can be converted into a threshold value of the load ratio. Therefore, the process of comparing the APC level with the threshold APC level can be replaced with a process of comparing the load ratio with a threshold value of the load ratio.
  • a threshold value of the load ratio is defined as a load ratio of the input video signal, at which light emission center positions of the first and second sub-field groups are periodic.
  • the sustain/scan pulse driving controller 800 receives the number of sustain pulses, an address pulse width of each sub-field, the start position of each sub-field, and the data switch value, which are output from the sub-field variation range determiner 700 .
  • the sustain/scan pulse driving controller 800 then generates a sub-field arrangement, using a method selected in accordance with the data switch value from different methods respectively applied to a video signal of 50 Hz and a video signal of 60 Hz.
  • the sustain/scan pulse driving controller 800 outputs the sub-field arrangement to the sustain/scan pulse driver 900 .
  • the sustain/scan pulse driver 900 generates sustain pulses and scan pulses, based on the sub-field arrangement output from the sustain/scan pulse driving controller 800 , and applies the sustain pulses and scan pulses to the sustain electrodes Y 1 , Y 2 , . . . , Yn and scan electrodes X 1 , X 2 , . . . , Xn, respectively.

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US20070159469A1 (en) * 2006-01-06 2007-07-12 Thomson Licensing Method and apparatus for processing video pictures, in particular for large area flicker effect reduction
US20110109652A1 (en) * 2007-05-22 2011-05-12 Bongsun Lee Method and system for prediction of gamma characteristics for a display
US9177499B2 (en) * 2007-05-22 2015-11-03 Thomson Licensing Method and system for prediction of gamma characteristics for a display

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KR100497234B1 (ko) 2005-06-23
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JP2005107544A (ja) 2005-04-21
US20050073616A1 (en) 2005-04-07
JP4165710B2 (ja) 2008-10-15
KR20050032355A (ko) 2005-04-07

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