US5635145A - Multi-bed downflow reactor - Google Patents
Multi-bed downflow reactor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5635145A US5635145A US08/504,296 US50429695A US5635145A US 5635145 A US5635145 A US 5635145A US 50429695 A US50429695 A US 50429695A US 5635145 A US5635145 A US 5635145A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- liquid
- tray
- reactor
- distribution tray
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
- B01J8/0492—Feeding reactive fluids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
- C10G49/002—Apparatus for fixed bed hydrotreatment processes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a multi-bed downflow reactor comprising a particular chamber arranged between adjacent catalyst beds for controlling the temperature in the reactor.
- the invention further relates to a process for the catalytic conversion of a liquid and/or a gas wherein use is made of the present multi-bed downflow reactor.
- reactors used for hydroprocessing of hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks consist of a number of catalyst beds. Because of the exothermic nature of hydroprocessing reactions the reactants are generally cooled between catalyst beds by means of injection of a cold quench medium (a gas or liquid). To this end multi-bed hydroprocessing reactors are provided with quenching chambers which are placed between adjacent beds.
- a cold quench medium a gas or liquid
- the injection of the quench medium will compensate for the exothermic temperature rise over the previous catalyst bed, and the quenching chamber may in addition redistribute the reactants and quenching medium uniformly over the following catalyst bed.
- An object of the present invention is to provide such a reactor.
- the present invention relates to a multi-bed downflow reactor for the catalytic conversion of a liquid and/or a gas comprising a chamber arranged in between adjacent catalyst beds, which chamber comprises
- a distribution tray comprising passages allowing liquid and gas to pass downwardly over an adjacent catalyst bed, whereby the collecting tray is arranged downstream of the device(s) for injecting the additional liquid and/or gas and comprises guiding channels directing liquid downwardly into a central part of the mixing zone, the compartment is arranged upon the collecting tray and comprises at least one passage allowing gas to pass downwardly, and the mixing zone is arranged between the collecting tray and the distribution tray.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a longitudinal cross-section of part of a multi-bed downflow reactor in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- An additional advantage of the type of chamber applied in the present multi-bed downflow reactor is its compactness, therewith establishing a significant reduction in the total length of the reactor.
- the chamber comprises a compartment which is substantially centrally arranged upon the collecting tray.
- the chamber may also comprise a plurality of compartments, e.g. three compartments, which are symmetrically arranged around the vertical axis of the reactor.
- the collecting tray and the distribution tray are substantially parallel arranged with respect to each other.
- the device for injecting the additional liquid and/or gas for controlling the temperature in the reactor is substantially annularly arranged along the inner wall of the reactor.
- the device for injecting the additional liquid and/or gas for controlling the temperature in the reactor consists of a plurality of lateral arms extending from a central manifold.
- the device for injecting the additional liquid and/or gas comprises a series of openings which are substantially horizontally arranged around the vertical axis of the reactor.
- the reactor in accordance with the present invention comprises between the mixing zone and the distribution tray a pre-distribution tray.
- the pre-distribution tray and the distribution tray are substantially parallel arranged with respect to each other.
- the pre-distribution tray is centrally arranged.
- the pre-distribution tray may either have a substantially square or substantially circular cross-section.
- the pre-distribution tray has a substantially circular cross-section.
- the pre-distribution tray covers 10 to 50% of the cross-section of the reactor.
- the pre-distribution tray covers 20 to 30% of the cross-section of the reactor.
- the guiding channels directing liquid downwardly to a central part of the mixing zone are uniformly and substantially annularly arranged around the compartment for receiving gas.
- the guiding channels comprise tubes of which the extremities are directed towards the vertical axis of the reactor.
- the extremities of the tubes debouch in a horizontal plane.
- the compartment for receiving gas suitably comprises sidewalls and a roof which sidewalls extend upwardly from the collecting tray and are provided with a substantially annularly arranged opening or a series of openings for receiving gas.
- the sidewalls of the compartment are cylindrical.
- the opening or series of openings for receiving the gas face(s) the openings in the device for injecting the additional gas and or liquid.
- the compartment for receiving gas comprises a swirling device to impart a swirling motion to the gas passing through the compartment in downwards direction to the mixing zone.
- the reactor in accordance with the present invention has an A/B ratio which ranges from 1 to 3, wherein A is defined as the distance between the collecting tray and the pre-distribution tray and wherein B is defined as the distance between the pre-distribution tray and the distribution tray.
- the pre-distribution tray is provided with openings which may be uniformly arranged upon the pre-distribution tray.
- the distribution tray comprises passages allowing liquid and gas to pass downwardly over an adjacent catalyst bed.
- the passages comprise nozzles which are uniformly arranged upon the distribution tray.
- the multi-bed downflow reactor is defined as a normally vertically extending substantially cylindrical vessel with one or more inlet means for a liquid and/or gas and fresh and/or regenerated catalyst, two or more catalyst beds, catalyst bed supporting means and and one or more outlet means for liquid and/or gas.
- the present invention also relates a process for the catalytic conversion of a liquid and/or a gas, wherein use is made of a multi-bed downflow reactor as described hereinbefore.
- hydroprocessing in particular hydrotreating and hydrocracking.
- the additional liquid and/or gas for controlling the temperature in the reactor comprises a heating medium, for example steam, or a heated medium required for the catalytic conversion.
- the additional liquid and/or gas may be a reactant, a product obtained in the process or an inert material.
- an additional gas such as hydrogen
- an additional gas such as hydrogen
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a longitudinal cross-section of part of a multi-bed downflow reactor in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 1 a section of a multi-bed downflow reactor is depicted comprising a cylindrical side wall 1 enclosing a catalyst bed 2 and a catalyst bed 3.
- the catalyst bed 2 is supported by a catalyst bed support 4 such as a grid covered with screening on which a layer of ceramic balls can be arranged.
- a quenching chamber is arranged between catalyst beds 2 and 3 .
- the quenching chamber comprises a ring 5 for injecting a quenching gas into the quenching chamber, a collecting tray 6 provided with guiding channels 7 which are uniformly and annularly arranged around a compartment 8 which is centrally arranged upon the collecting tray 6, a mixing zone 9, and a distribution tray 10.
- the distribution tray 10 is provided with nozzles 11.
- the compartment 8 comprises cylindrical sidewalls 12 and a roof 13 which sidewalls extend upwardly from the collecting tray 6 and are provided with annularly arranged openings 14.
- a pre-distribution tray 15 is arranged between the collecting tray 6 and the distribution tray 10.
- liquid reactant and gaseous reactant from catalyst bed 2 enter the quenching chamber by passing through the catalyst bed support 4.
- a quenching gas is injected in the quenching chamber by means of ring 5.
- the gaseous reactant and the quenching gas enter the mixing zone by passing downwardly through the openings 14 of the compartment 8.
- Liquid reactant is collected on collecting tray 6 and the liquid reactant is directed by means of the guiding channels 7 to a central part of the mixing zone 9 after which it is collected on the pre-distribution tray 15 and uniformly distributed over distribution tray 10. Subsequently, gaseous and liquid fractions are distributed over catalyst bed 3 by means of nozzles 11.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP94202412 | 1994-08-23 | ||
EP94202412 | 1994-08-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5635145A true US5635145A (en) | 1997-06-03 |
Family
ID=8217122
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/504,296 Expired - Lifetime US5635145A (en) | 1994-08-23 | 1995-07-20 | Multi-bed downflow reactor |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5635145A (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3774253B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100371482B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1073881C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU699855B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR9503739A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2156590C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69502798T2 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2116675T3 (ja) |
Cited By (37)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US5837208A (en) * | 1996-06-12 | 1998-11-17 | Uop | Hydroprocessing reactor mixer/distributor |
EP1152820A1 (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2001-11-14 | Fluor Corporation | Reactor distribution apparatus and quench zone mixing apparatus |
US20020172632A1 (en) * | 2001-04-02 | 2002-11-21 | Tai-Sheng Chou | Quench box for a multi-bed, mixed-phase cocurrent downflow fixed-bed reactor |
US20040136886A1 (en) * | 2003-01-13 | 2004-07-15 | Mcdougald Neil K. | Multiphase mixing device with baffles |
US20040151643A1 (en) * | 2003-02-05 | 2004-08-05 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company (Formerly Exxon Research And Engineering Company) | Multiphase mixing device with staged gas introduction |
US20040228779A1 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-11-18 | Mcdougald Neil K. | Multiphase mixing device with improved quench injection |
US20040234434A1 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-11-25 | Muldowney Gregory P. | Multiphase mixing device with improved quench injection for inducing rotational flow |
US6881387B1 (en) | 1996-06-04 | 2005-04-19 | Fluor Corporation | Reactor distribution apparatus and quench zone mixing apparatus |
US20060078483A1 (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2006-04-13 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Fluid distribution apparatus for downflow multibed poly-phase catalytic reactor |
US20080004476A1 (en) * | 2006-04-21 | 2008-01-03 | Himelfarb Paul B | Process for the hydrogenation of aromatics in a hydrocarbon feedstock that contains a thiopheneic compound |
US20080216391A1 (en) * | 2007-03-08 | 2008-09-11 | Cortright Randy D | Synthesis of liquid fuels and chemicals from oxygenated hydrocarbons |
WO2009039020A1 (en) * | 2007-09-18 | 2009-03-26 | Shell Oil Company | Process for the deep desulfurization of heavy pyrolysis gasoline |
US20090211942A1 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2009-08-27 | Cortright Randy D | Catalysts and methods for reforming oxygenated compounds |
US20090324464A1 (en) * | 2008-06-26 | 2009-12-31 | Sechrist Paul A | Liquid Redistribution Device For Multibed Reactors |
US20090321966A1 (en) * | 2008-06-26 | 2009-12-31 | Sechrist Paul A | Quench Zone Design Using Spray Nozzles |
US20100076233A1 (en) * | 2008-08-27 | 2010-03-25 | Cortright Randy D | Synthesis of liquid fuels from biomass |
US20100288975A1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2010-11-18 | Cortright Randy D | Reactor system for producing gaseous products |
US20110009614A1 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2011-01-13 | Paul George Blommel | Processes and reactor systems for converting sugars and sugar alcohols |
US8202498B2 (en) | 2010-07-19 | 2012-06-19 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Multiphase contact and distribution apparatus for hydroprocessing |
US8323591B2 (en) | 2011-04-21 | 2012-12-04 | Uop Llc | Method of fabricating a mixing chamber and a reactor relating thereto |
US8372354B2 (en) | 2010-07-19 | 2013-02-12 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Multiphase contact and distribution apparatus for hydroprocessing |
WO2013092886A1 (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-27 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Distributor device for a multiple-bed downflow reactor |
WO2013092831A1 (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-27 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Distributor device for a multiple-bed downflow reactor |
US8673246B2 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2014-03-18 | Uop Llc | Process for contacting one or more fluids and a reactor relating thereto |
US8695953B2 (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2014-04-15 | Uop Llc | Distribution tray, vessel, or method relating thereto |
WO2014056935A1 (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2014-04-17 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Multiple-bed downflow reactor comprising a mixing device, use of said reactor, as well as mixing method |
EP2767333A1 (en) | 2013-02-19 | 2014-08-20 | Morten Müller Ltd., ApS | Mixing device with tangential inlets for two-phase concurrent vessels |
WO2014210291A1 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Uop Llc | Fluid distribution device for multibed reactors |
US20150315109A1 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2015-11-05 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Process and apparatus for the production of higher alcohols |
CN105854330A (zh) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-08-17 | 褚雅志 | 一种旋流雾化垂直筛板 |
US9630159B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2017-04-25 | Shell Oil Company | Distributor device for a multiple-bed downflow reactor |
US10214699B2 (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2019-02-26 | Morten Muller Ltd. Aps | Scale collection and predistribution tray for vessel with downward two-phase flow |
US10589244B1 (en) | 2019-02-07 | 2020-03-17 | Uop Llc | Hydroprocessing reactor internals having reduced height |
US10668442B1 (en) | 2019-02-07 | 2020-06-02 | Uop Llc | Hydroprocessing reactor internals having reduced height |
WO2021037623A1 (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-03-04 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Multiple-bed catalytic reactor comprising a mixing device |
US11207650B1 (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2021-12-28 | Uop Llc | Hydroprocessing reactor internals having reduced height |
US11298670B2 (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2022-04-12 | Uop Llc | Compact quench zone reactor internals |
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AR004048A1 (es) * | 1995-10-20 | 1998-09-30 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Un dispositivo para distribuir, mezclar, y/o extraer varios fluidos en procesos de cromatografia y una columna cromatrografica que utiliza dicho dispositivo |
FR2883200B1 (fr) * | 2005-03-17 | 2007-05-11 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Dispositif pour le melange et la repartition d'un gaz et d' un liquide en amont d'un lit granulaire |
US9011790B2 (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2015-04-21 | Basf Se | Reactor for performing a three-phase reaction of a fluid and a gaseous phase on a packed bed catalyst |
US8211375B2 (en) * | 2009-10-07 | 2012-07-03 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Flow distribution device for downflow catalytic reactors |
FR2952835B1 (fr) * | 2009-11-20 | 2011-12-09 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Dispositif compact de melange de fluides dans un reacteur a ecoulement descendant |
CN103084084B (zh) * | 2011-11-02 | 2015-09-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种液体收集、混合和均布的设备 |
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US9079141B2 (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2015-07-14 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Vortex-type mixing device for a down-flow hydroprocessing reactor |
CN105358245B (zh) * | 2013-06-28 | 2017-09-12 | 环球油品公司 | 用于多床层反应器的流体分配装置和方法 |
FR3034325B1 (fr) * | 2015-04-01 | 2017-03-17 | Ifp Energies Now | Dispositf compact de melange et de distribution combine |
FR3050658B1 (fr) * | 2016-04-29 | 2018-04-20 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Dispositif de melange et de distribution avec zones de melange et d'echange et deflecteurs. |
JP6895461B2 (ja) * | 2016-06-28 | 2021-06-30 | ハルドール・トプサー・アクチエゼルスカベット | フローティングトレイを含む触媒化学反応器 |
TWI664021B (zh) * | 2016-11-25 | 2019-07-01 | 中國石油化工科技開發有限公司 | 減沖均流盤和反應器 |
US10518235B2 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-12-31 | Uop Llc | Methods and apparatus for fluid contacting in a downflow vessel |
CN109200952B (zh) * | 2018-11-15 | 2021-04-27 | 中石化炼化工程(集团)股份有限公司 | 一种气液混合组件及用于反应器的催化剂床层结构 |
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1995
- 1995-07-20 US US08/504,296 patent/US5635145A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-08-18 DE DE69502798T patent/DE69502798T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-08-18 ES ES95202241T patent/ES2116675T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-08-21 BR BR9503739A patent/BR9503739A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-08-21 CA CA002156590A patent/CA2156590C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-08-21 AU AU30140/95A patent/AU699855B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-08-21 KR KR1019950025670A patent/KR100371482B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-08-21 CN CN95115552A patent/CN1073881C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-08-21 JP JP23321695A patent/JP3774253B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (67)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6881387B1 (en) | 1996-06-04 | 2005-04-19 | Fluor Corporation | Reactor distribution apparatus and quench zone mixing apparatus |
US6338828B1 (en) * | 1996-06-04 | 2002-01-15 | Fluor Corporation | Reactor distribution apparatus and quench zone mixing apparatus |
US5837208A (en) * | 1996-06-12 | 1998-11-17 | Uop | Hydroprocessing reactor mixer/distributor |
EP1152820A1 (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2001-11-14 | Fluor Corporation | Reactor distribution apparatus and quench zone mixing apparatus |
EP1152820A4 (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2004-09-15 | Fluor Corp | REACTOR DISTRIBUTION APPARATUS AND QUENCH ZONE MIXER |
US20020172632A1 (en) * | 2001-04-02 | 2002-11-21 | Tai-Sheng Chou | Quench box for a multi-bed, mixed-phase cocurrent downflow fixed-bed reactor |
US7112312B2 (en) | 2001-04-02 | 2006-09-26 | Tai-Sheng Chou | Quench box for a multi-bed, mixed-phase cocurrent downflow fixed-bed reactor |
US20040136886A1 (en) * | 2003-01-13 | 2004-07-15 | Mcdougald Neil K. | Multiphase mixing device with baffles |
US7045103B2 (en) * | 2003-01-13 | 2006-05-16 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Multiphase mixing device with baffles |
US7052654B2 (en) * | 2003-02-05 | 2006-05-30 | Exxonmobile Research And Engineering Company | Multiphase mixing device with staged gas introduction |
US20040151643A1 (en) * | 2003-02-05 | 2004-08-05 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company (Formerly Exxon Research And Engineering Company) | Multiphase mixing device with staged gas introduction |
US20040234434A1 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-11-25 | Muldowney Gregory P. | Multiphase mixing device with improved quench injection for inducing rotational flow |
US7074371B2 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2006-07-11 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Multiphase mixing device with improved quench injection |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1073881C (zh) | 2001-10-31 |
CA2156590C (en) | 2005-12-27 |
KR960006993A (ko) | 1996-03-22 |
AU3014095A (en) | 1996-03-07 |
BR9503739A (pt) | 1996-04-16 |
KR100371482B1 (ko) | 2003-03-19 |
DE69502798T2 (de) | 1998-10-22 |
ES2116675T3 (es) | 1998-07-16 |
JP3774253B2 (ja) | 2006-05-10 |
CA2156590A1 (en) | 1996-02-24 |
JPH0866628A (ja) | 1996-03-12 |
AU699855B2 (en) | 1998-12-17 |
DE69502798D1 (de) | 1998-07-09 |
CN1128177A (zh) | 1996-08-07 |
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