US5322780A - Process for production of omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid - Google Patents

Process for production of omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid Download PDF

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Publication number
US5322780A
US5322780A US07/953,030 US95303092A US5322780A US 5322780 A US5322780 A US 5322780A US 95303092 A US95303092 A US 95303092A US 5322780 A US5322780 A US 5322780A
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fatty acid
omega
polyunsaturated fatty
type polyunsaturated
microorganism
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US07/953,030
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Hiroshi Kawashima
Hideaki Yamada
Sakayu Shimizu
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Suntory Holdings Ltd
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Suntory Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
    • C12P7/6409—Fatty acids
    • C12P7/6427—Polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA], i.e. having two or more double bonds in their backbone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
    • C12P7/6436—Fatty acid esters
    • C12P7/6445—Glycerides
    • C12P7/6472—Glycerides containing polyunsaturated fatty acid [PUFA] residues, i.e. having two or more double bonds in their backbone
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
    • Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
    • Y10S435/911—Microorganisms using fungi

Definitions

  • the present invention provides a process for production of omega 9 type highly polyunsaturated fatty acid or a lipid containing said fatty acid.
  • the fatty acid preferably contains at least two double bonds and has 18 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acids such as mead acid, eicosadienoic acid and the like are present as constituent fatty acids of tissues of an animal having essential fatty acid deficiency.
  • an amount of these fatty acids is very low, it is very difficult to isolate and purify them.
  • the presence of these fatty acids in the microbial field has never been known.
  • Such a type of polyunsaturated fatty acids can be a precursor of 3-series leakotrienes, and therefore biological activities thereof are potentially useful. Therefore, there is a need for the development of a process for developing a large amount of omega 9 type highly polyunsaturated fatty acids.
  • the present invention provides a simple and efficient process for production of omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acids.
  • the present invention provides a process for production of omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid comprising the steps of:
  • the present invention also provides a process for production of a lipid containing omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid comprising the steps of:
  • the present inventors found that when a microorganism having an ability to produce omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid is cultured in a medium supplemented with a precursor of omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid, for example, hydrocarbon, fatty acid, ester of fatty acid, salt of fatty acid, or an oil or fat containing said fatty acid, the productivity of omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid is enhanced significantly.
  • a precursor of omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid for example, hydrocarbon, fatty acid, ester of fatty acid, salt of fatty acid, or an oil or fat containing said fatty acid
  • the present invention provides a process for production of omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid comprising the steps of:
  • the present invention further provides a process for production of a lipid containing omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid comprising the steps of:
  • the microorganism having an ability to produce omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid has ⁇ 5 desaturation activity and ⁇ 6 desaturation activity, and has reduced or lost ⁇ 12 desaturation activity.
  • the microorganism having an ability to produce omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid has an ability to produce arachidonic acid (ARA) and has reduced or lost ⁇ 12 desaturation activity.
  • ARA arachidonic acid
  • any microorganism having an ability to produce omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid can be used. More particularly, microorganisms having ⁇ 5 desaturation activity and ⁇ 6 desaturation activity, and having reduced or lost ⁇ 12 desaturation activity can be preferably used. Such microorganisms can be obtained, for example, by mutating a microorganism having an ability to produce ARA to generate a mutant having reduced or lost ⁇ 12 desaturation activity.
  • Microorganisms having an ability to produce ARA include those belonging to the genus Mortierella, Conidiobolus, Pythium, Phytophthora, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Mucor, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Rhodotorula, or Entomophthora.
  • microorganisms belonging to the genus Mortierella there are mentioned microorganisms belonging to the subgenus Mortierella, such as Mortierella elongata, Mortierella exigua, Mortierella hygrophila, Mortierella alpirna, and the like.
  • Microorganisms used in the present invention, having an ability to produce ARA and having reduced or lost ⁇ 12 desaturase activity can be obtained by mutating the microorganisms having an ability to produce ARA.
  • irradiation of a microorganism with a mutagen such as radiation (X-ray, ⁇ -ray, neutron or ultraviolet light), high temperature treatment, and chemical mutagens may be used.
  • a mutagenizing procedure microbial cells are suspended in an appropriate buffer, and a mutagen is added therein. The treated suspension is incubated for an appropriate time, diluted and plated on a solid medium such as agar medium to form colonies of mutated microorganisms.
  • alkylating agents such as nitrogen mustard, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nirosoguanidine (NTG); base analogs such as 5-bromouracil; antibiotics such as mitomycin C; base synthesis inhibitor such as 6-mercaptopurine; pigments such as proflavine; certain carcinogens such as 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide; and others such as manganese chloride, potassium permanganese, nitrous acid, hydrazine, hydroxylamine, formaldehyde, and nitrofurane compounds may be mentioned.
  • Microorganisms to be treated with a mutagen can be vegetative cells such as mycelium or spores.
  • Mortierella alpina SAM 1861 (FERM BP-3590)
  • Mortierella alpina SAM 1861 was deposited at the Fermentation Research Institute Agency of Industrial and Technology at 1-3, Higashi 1-Chome, Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki-ken 305, Japan on Sep. 30, 1991 as FERM BP-3590.
  • Omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acids include, for example, 6,9-octadecadieoic acid, 8,11-eicosadienoic acid, and 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid (mead acid).
  • a liquid medium contains, as a carbon source, glucose, fructose, xylose, saccharose, maltose, soluble starch, molasses, glycerol, mannitol, or the like, alone or in combination.
  • an organic nitrogen source such as peptone, yeast extract, malt extract, meat extract, casamino acids, corn steep liquor or urea
  • an inorganic nitrogen source such as sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate or the like
  • inorganic salts such as phosphates, magnesium sulfate, ferric or ferrous sulfate, cupric sulfate or the like, and minor nutrient components such as vitamins may be used.
  • Concentration of components in a culture medium should be such that it does not inhibit the growth of the microorganism.
  • a concentration of carbon source is 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably 1 to 10% by weight, and a concentration of a nitrogen source is 0.01 to 5% by weight, and preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight.
  • Temperature for culturing is 5° to 40° C., and preferably 20° to 30° C.; and a pH value of a medium is 4 to 10, and preferably 6 to 9.
  • Culturing may be aeration/agitation culturing, shaking culture, or stationary culture. Culturing is usually continued for 2 to 10 days.
  • the medium comprises wheat bran, rice hulls, rice bran or the like supplemented with water in an amount of 50 to 100% by weight relating to the weight of solid materials. Culturing is carried out at 5° to 40° C., preferably 20° to 30° C. for 3 to 14 days.
  • the medium can contain nitrogen sources, inorganic salts, and minor nutrient compounds, such as those described above.
  • a substrate of omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid can be added to a medium.
  • the substrates hydrocarbons having 12 to 20 carbon atoms such as tetradecane, hexadecane and octadecane, fatty acids having 12 to 20 carbon atoms such as tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and octodecanoic acid, or salts thereof, for example, sodium salt or potassium salt; fatty acid esters wherein the fatty acid moiety has 12 to 20 carbon atoms, for example, a lower alkyl ester such as methyl ester, ethyl ester or propyl ester of such a fatty acid, and a lipid containing such fatty acids as its components, for example, olive oil, soybean oil, palm oil, coconut oil may be mentioned. They are used alone or in combination. Total amount of the precursor is 0.001
  • the additive can be added prior to inoculation of a producer microorganism or immediately after the inoculation.
  • the additive can be added, after the culturing has started, to a culture medium in which the microorganism is growing or has been grown, followed by further culturing.
  • the additive can be added both prior to culturing and during culturing after the culturing has started.
  • the additive can be added once or more than one time, or continuously.
  • the precursor can be the sole carbon source.
  • omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid is then recovered by a procedure, for example, described in the following.
  • the cultured cells are recovered by a conventional solid liquid separation means, such as centrifugation or filtering.
  • the cells are thoroughly washed with water, and preferably dried.
  • the drying can be carried out by lyophilization or air drying.
  • the dried cells are extracted with an organic solvent, preferably in a nitrogen gas flow.
  • an organic solvent ether such as ethyl ether, hexane, a lower alcohol such as methanol or ethanol, chloroform, dichloromethane, petroleum ether, or the like can be used.
  • an alternating extraction with methanol and petroleum ether, or an extraction with one phase solvent of chloroform-methanol-water can be successfully used.
  • the solvent is distilled off from the extract under a reduced pressure to obtain a lipid containing omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid in a high concentration.
  • wet cells can be extracted with a solvent miscible with water, such as methanol or ethanol, or a mixed solvent miscible with water, comprising said solvent and water and/or other solvent.
  • a solvent miscible with water such as methanol or ethanol
  • a mixed solvent miscible with water comprising said solvent and water and/or other solvent.
  • the lipid thus obtained contains omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid as a component of the lipid, such as fat.
  • omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid can be directly isolated, preferably it is isolated as an ester with a lower alcohol, for example, as methyl 8,11-eicosadienate, methyl 6,9-octadecadienoate, methyl ester of mead acid and the like.
  • the esterification accelerates the separation of the target fatty acid from other lipid components, and from other fatty acids produced during the culturing, such as palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid (these fatty acids are also esterified simultaneously with the esterification of omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid).
  • the above-mentioned extract is treated with anhydrous methanol/HCl 5 to 10%, or BF 3 /methanol 10 to 50% at room temperature for 1 to 24 hours.
  • Methyl ester of omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid is recovered preferably by extracting the above-mentioned treated solution with an organic solvent such as hexane, ether such as ethyl ether, or ester such as ethyl acetate. Next, the resulting extract is dried on, for example, anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent is distilled off preferably under reduced pressure to obtain a mixture comprising fatty acid esters. This mixture contains, in addition to methyl ester of omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid, other fatty acid methyl esters, such as methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate and the like.
  • omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid from the methyl ester of omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid, the latter is hydrolyzed with an alkali and freed omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid is then extracted with an organic solvent for example ether such as ethyl ether, ester such as ethyl acetate, or the like.
  • an organic solvent for example ether such as ethyl ether, ester such as ethyl acetate, or the like.
  • the above-mentioned extracted lipid is subjected to an alkalysis (for example, with 5% sodium hydroxide at room temperature for 2 to 3 hours), and the alkal-hydrolysate is extracted and the omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid is purified, according to a conventional procedure.
  • an alkalysis for example, with 5% sodium hydroxide at room temperature for 2 to 3 hours
  • the fatty acid methyl ester mixture thus obtained was separated by high performance liquid chromatography using a reverse column (5C 18 ) and acetonitrile/water (85:15) as an eluting agent to isolate 6,9-octadecadienoic acid, 8,11-eicosadienoic acid, and 5,8,11-eicosatrienic acid (mead acid).
  • the structures of these fatty acids were confirmed by Mass spectrum and NMR analysis.
  • a medium (pH 6.0) containing 2% glucose, 1% yeast extract, and 0.5% precursor for omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid shown in Table 3 was used as described in Example 1.
  • Mortierella alpina mutant SAM 1861 was used as a producer strain. The results are shown in Table 3.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US07/953,030 1991-09-30 1992-09-29 Process for production of omega 9 type polyunsaturated fatty acid Expired - Lifetime US5322780A (en)

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JP25196691A JP3354582B2 (ja) 1991-09-30 1991-09-30 オメガ９系高度不飽和脂肪酸およびこれを含有する脂質の製造方法
JP3-251966 1991-09-30

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US (1) US5322780A (fr)
EP (1) EP0535939B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3354582B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE155172T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2079367C (fr)
DE (1) DE69220746T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0535939T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2103895T3 (fr)

Cited By (14)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5534422A (en) * 1995-05-19 1996-07-09 Merck & Co., Inc. Bioconversion of beta keto-ester to (R) hydroxyester
US5834512A (en) * 1993-05-28 1998-11-10 Suntory Limited Prevention and improvement of allergy caused by leucotriene B 4
US5855917A (en) * 1996-12-04 1999-01-05 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Method for controlling body fat and/or body weight in animals and pharmaceutical compositions for use therein comprising 20-carbon conjugated unsaturated fatty acids
AU740811B2 (en) * 1996-12-27 2001-11-15 Suntory Holdings Limited Media for culturing microorganisms and process for producing unsaturated fatty acids or lipids containing the same
US6812020B1 (en) 1996-08-23 2004-11-02 Suntory Limited Process for producing omega-9 highly unsaturated fatty acid and lipid containing the same
US20050191734A1 (en) * 2002-04-26 2005-09-01 Suntory Limited Process for producing highly unsaturated fatty acid-containing lipid
US20050202148A1 (en) * 2002-06-19 2005-09-15 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Preparation of microbial oil
US20050287651A1 (en) * 2002-10-11 2005-12-29 Kengo Akimoto Process for producing microbial fat or oil having lowered unsaponifiable matter content and said fat or oil
US20060073578A1 (en) * 1996-08-30 2006-04-06 Suntory Limited Process for producing unsaturated fatty acid-containing oils
US20070077638A1 (en) * 1999-08-13 2007-04-05 Suntory Limited Microorganisms that extracellularly secrete lipids and methods of producing lipid and lipid vesicles encapsulating lipids using said microorganisms
US20080269329A1 (en) * 2004-08-24 2008-10-30 Shigeaki Fujikawa Process for Production of Microbial Fat/Oil Containing Discretional Amount of Diacylglycerol and Said Fat/Oil
US20080311645A1 (en) * 2004-09-06 2008-12-18 Kenichi Higashiyama Method of Culturing a Microorganism
US20100113811A1 (en) * 2003-11-12 2010-05-06 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Delta-15 desaturases genes suitable for increasing levels of omega-3 fatty acids
US20100261919A1 (en) * 2001-12-12 2010-10-14 Martek Biosciences Corporation Extraction and Winterization of Lipids from Oilseed and Microbial Sources

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JP3770628B2 (ja) 1994-08-09 2006-04-26 サントリー株式会社 遅延型アレルギー反応を介する医学的症状の予防及び改善剤
JP4721642B2 (ja) * 2004-01-20 2011-07-13 サントリーホールディングス株式会社 肝障害を伴う肝臓疾患の予防又は改善剤
FR2873934B1 (fr) * 2004-08-06 2007-12-14 Elysee Lab Procede d'extraction de glycolipides riches en omega 3 a partir de matieres vegetales alimentaires ainsi que poudre riche en omega 3 obtenue suite a la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
US8609397B2 (en) 2004-08-12 2013-12-17 Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd. Method for preserving a microorganism
JP4849806B2 (ja) 2005-02-08 2012-01-11 日本水産株式会社 新規な菌体処理方法を用いた高度不飽和脂肪酸の製造方法

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Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5834512A (en) * 1993-05-28 1998-11-10 Suntory Limited Prevention and improvement of allergy caused by leucotriene B 4
US5861433A (en) * 1993-05-28 1999-01-19 Suntory Limited Prevention and improvement of inflammation caused by leucotriene B4
US5534422A (en) * 1995-05-19 1996-07-09 Merck & Co., Inc. Bioconversion of beta keto-ester to (R) hydroxyester
US6812020B1 (en) 1996-08-23 2004-11-02 Suntory Limited Process for producing omega-9 highly unsaturated fatty acid and lipid containing the same
US7091244B1 (en) * 1996-08-30 2006-08-15 Suntory Limited Process for preparing fat or oil containing unsaturated fatty acid
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US20060073578A1 (en) * 1996-08-30 2006-04-06 Suntory Limited Process for producing unsaturated fatty acid-containing oils
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US20060252736A1 (en) * 1996-08-30 2006-11-09 Suntory Limited Process for producing unsaturated fatty acid-containing oils
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ATE155172T1 (de) 1997-07-15
EP0535939B1 (fr) 1997-07-09
CA2079367C (fr) 1999-07-06
JPH0591888A (ja) 1993-04-16
DE69220746D1 (de) 1997-08-14
ES2103895T3 (es) 1997-10-01
CA2079367A1 (fr) 1993-03-31
DK0535939T3 (da) 1997-08-11
JP3354582B2 (ja) 2002-12-09
DE69220746T2 (de) 1997-11-06

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