US4914298A - Infrared detector with direction identification capability - Google Patents
Infrared detector with direction identification capability Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4914298A US4914298A US07/176,454 US17645488A US4914298A US 4914298 A US4914298 A US 4914298A US 17645488 A US17645488 A US 17645488A US 4914298 A US4914298 A US 4914298A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- radiation
- detector
- infrared
- infrared detector
- elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
- G01S11/12—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S250/00—Radiant energy
- Y10S250/01—Passive intrusion detectors
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to an infrared detector, and in particular to such a detector having a plurality of radiation-sensitive elements followed by an evaluation circuit.
- Infrared detectors are used for identifying sources of infrared radiation for controlling various types of systems, for example, for identifying people to automatically open a door.
- Conventional infrared detectors do not have the capability of directional interpretation, with the result that every radiation source in the field of view of the detector triggers a control event, for example, every passing person triggers the opening of a door. It is a problem in the art, therefore, to provide an infrared detector having the capability of detecting or identifying the direction of movement of the radiation source, so that control events are triggered only given defined directions of movement.
- a radiation detector having four detector elements disposed at the corners of a square.
- An evaluation circuit connected to the outputs of each of the detector elements includes means for comparing the output signals from the detector elements.
- the image of a moving infrared source for example a person, is projected onto the elements by suitable optical means in a sequence dependent upon the direction of movement of the radiation source.
- the detector is blocked against shortwave radiation by an infrared filter.
- the detector elements generate typical signal sequences corresponding to the direction of movement, from which the evaluation circuit identifies the direction of movement with a prescribed resolution of, for example, 45°.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the elements of an infrared detector constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram for one channel of the infrared detector of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of the evaluation circuit for use with the detector of FIG. 1.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show different chronological curves for output signals of the infrared detector of FIG. 1 for different directions of movement of the radiation source.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of a portion of the infrared detector of FIG. 1 for explaining the operation thereof.
- FIG. 7 is a table for explaining the identification of the direction of movement from the output signals of the detector of FIG. 1 processed by the evaluation circuit of FIG. 3.
- FIG. 1 The relevant components of an infrared detector constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention are shown in FIG. 1.
- the components are disposed on a base plate G, and include four radiation-sensitive elements 1, 2, 3 and 4 disposed at the corners of a square.
- the radiation-sensitive elements are interconnected by respective field effect transistors 6, 7, 8 and 9, and respective high-impedance resistors 10, 11, 12 and 13. Connection of the components of the infrared detector ensues by a plurality of pins 14 projecting away from the base plate G.
- the relevant circuitry for one channel associated with the radiation-sensitive element 1 is shown in FIG. 2. Identical channels are provided for each of the other radiation-sensitive elements.
- the element 1 is connected to the field effect transistor 6 and the high-impedance resistor 10 as shown, with the terminals of the circuit being connected to pins 14. Outside of the portion of the detector shown in FIG. 1, an operational amplifier 15 connected to a resistor 16 are provided as a signal amplifier having an output voltage between two terminals 17.
- the outputs of the radiation-sensitive elements 1, 2, 3 and 4 are supplied to a peak detector.
- the output of the peak detector is supplied to a sampling circuit 19 and to a logic circuit 20.
- the logic circuit 20 generates a signal as described below which is supplied back to the sampling circuit 19, and to a time relationship circuit 21.
- the sampling circuit 19 supplies two outputs to a direction calculating circuit 22, which is also supplied with an output from the time relationship circuit 21.
- An "end of sequence" signal is supplied on line 23, as also described in greater detail below.
- the elements, 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively generate voltage signals at the outputs 17 of the operational amplifier 15 in a chronological sequence dependent on the sequence by which the radiation is imaged onto the elements.
- the peak detector 18 identifies the respective maximum value for each of the output signals of the type shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. A normalized pulse is generated when this maximum value of each signal is reached.
- the normalized pulses for the signals shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 are also shown in those figures in the chronological sequence in which the peaks occur.
- the logic circuit 20 generates control pulses for the sampling circuit 19 and for the time relationship detector 21.
- the logic circuit 20 combines the four normalized pulses on a single line.
- the logic circuit 20 also detects signal combinations which cannot be evaluated, and in that event supplies an "end of sequence" signal on the line 23.
- the chronological sequence of the normalized pulses supplied from the logic circuit 20 is stored in the sampling circuit 19 for use by the direction calculating circuit 22.
- a linearly rising voltage is started at zero volts upon the occurrence of the first normalized pulse.
- the voltages on this linearly rising voltage path at the respective times of the second and third normalized pulses are identified and stored. These values correspond to the values t 1 and t 2 shown in FIG. 7.
- the time relationship circuit 21 then calculates the quotient of t 1 and t 2 . If this quotient is greater than 0.5, a "high" bit is generated and is forwarded to the direction calculating circuit 22.
- the direction calculating circuit 22 identifies the direction of movement of the radiation source from the two signals stored in the sampling circuit 19, and from the bits supplied by the time relationship detector 21.
- the direction calculating circuit 22 generates a three place binary number which identifies the detected direction within a resolution of 45° at the end of a signal sequence.
- the various possible signal sequences of the normalized pulses, and the status of the bit determining the chronological relationship are indicated in the table of FIG. 7 for all eight detectable moving directions of FIG. 6, i.e., for all eight steps of the angle ⁇ .
- a unique sequence of normalized pulses in combination with a defined time relationship bit for each angle ⁇ are associated with each detectable moving direction.
- the signal from the direction calculating circuit 22 identifying the direction of movement can then be used by additional processing circuitry to regulate the operation of the system being controlled.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
- Indicating Or Recording The Presence, Absence, Or Direction Of Movement (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE8705296U DE8705296U1 (en) | 1987-04-09 | 1987-04-09 | Infrared detector |
DE8705296 | 1987-04-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4914298A true US4914298A (en) | 1990-04-03 |
Family
ID=6806892
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/176,454 Expired - Fee Related US4914298A (en) | 1987-04-09 | 1988-04-01 | Infrared detector with direction identification capability |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4914298A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0285961B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2523453B2 (en) |
DE (2) | DE8705296U1 (en) |
Cited By (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5045702A (en) * | 1988-11-25 | 1991-09-03 | Cerberus Ag | Infrared intrustion detector |
US5291020A (en) * | 1992-01-07 | 1994-03-01 | Intelectron Products Company | Method and apparatus for detecting direction and speed using PIR sensor |
US5519784A (en) * | 1992-10-07 | 1996-05-21 | Vermeulen; Pieter J. E. | Apparatus for classifying movement of objects along a passage by type and direction employing time domain patterns |
US20060194164A1 (en) * | 2004-12-09 | 2006-08-31 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Oral appliance with heat transfer mechanism |
US20070060819A1 (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2007-03-15 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Skin optical characterization device |
US20070078501A1 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2007-04-05 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Phototreatment device for use with coolants and topical substances |
DE102006057973A1 (en) * | 2006-12-04 | 2008-06-05 | Technische Universität Dresden | Pyroelectric infrared sensor for use in motion sensor, has pyroelectric chip and low-noise signal processing unit that are accommodated in detector housing, and sensor units to allow teeth of gear wheels to engage with each other |
DE102006057972A1 (en) * | 2006-12-04 | 2008-06-05 | Technische Universität Dresden | Pyroelectric infrared sensor for use in motion sensor, has pyroelectric electrodes formed on chip surface as mesh, where width and/or distance of tooth of mesh continuously increase and/or decrease in direction |
DE102006057974A1 (en) * | 2006-12-04 | 2008-06-05 | Technische Universität Dresden | Direction-sensitive poly-electric infrared sensor for use in passive-infrared motion detector, has signal processing unit accommodated in housing, and sensor elements arranged in such manner that elements produce complete annular ring |
US20080172047A1 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2008-07-17 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Methods And Devices For Fractional Ablation Of Tissue |
US20080294152A1 (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 2008-11-27 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Cooling System For A Photocosmetic Device |
US20080294153A1 (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 2008-11-27 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Cooling System For A Photocosmetic Device |
US20090137995A1 (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 2009-05-28 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | System For Electromagnetic Radiation Dermatology And Head For Use Therewith |
US20090248004A1 (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2009-10-01 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for treatment of soft tissue |
US20090254076A1 (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2009-10-08 | Palomar Medical Corporation | Method and apparatus for fractional deformation and treatment of tissue |
US20100145321A1 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2010-06-10 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Methods and products for producing lattices of emr-treated islets in tissues, and uses therefor |
US7763016B2 (en) | 1997-05-15 | 2010-07-27 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Light energy delivery head |
US20100286673A1 (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2010-11-11 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for treatment of tissue |
US20100298744A1 (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2010-11-25 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | System and method of treating tissue with ultrasound energy |
US20110046523A1 (en) * | 2009-07-23 | 2011-02-24 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Method for improvement of cellulite appearance |
US7935107B2 (en) | 1997-05-15 | 2011-05-03 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Heads for dermatology treatment |
US8182473B2 (en) | 1999-01-08 | 2012-05-22 | Palomar Medical Technologies | Cooling system for a photocosmetic device |
US20140183361A1 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-03 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Ir sensor with increased surface area |
US8915948B2 (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2014-12-23 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Llc | Method and apparatus for photothermal treatment of tissue at depth |
US9028536B2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2015-05-12 | Cynosure, Inc. | Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use |
RU170054U1 (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2017-04-12 | федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский национальный исследовательский университет информационных технологий, механики и оптики" (Университет ИТМО) | Security passive infrared detector |
CN107210742A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2017-09-26 | 派洛斯有限公司 | Switch operation device, mobile device and the method by Non-contact gesture Operation switch |
US9780518B2 (en) | 2012-04-18 | 2017-10-03 | Cynosure, Inc. | Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for treating target tissues with same |
US10245107B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-04-02 | Cynosure, Inc. | Picosecond optical radiation systems and methods of use |
US10434324B2 (en) | 2005-04-22 | 2019-10-08 | Cynosure, Llc | Methods and systems for laser treatment using non-uniform output beam |
US11418000B2 (en) | 2018-02-26 | 2022-08-16 | Cynosure, Llc | Q-switched cavity dumped sub-nanosecond laser |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DD293890A5 (en) * | 1990-04-17 | 1991-09-12 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh,De | RADIATION SENSOR |
DE19607608C2 (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 2003-04-03 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Motion detector with at least one dual sensor for the detection of thermal radiation |
DE19607607A1 (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1997-09-04 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Activation of movement alarm using at least one IR sensor giving one electric signal |
DE19910120A1 (en) * | 1999-03-08 | 2000-09-14 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Person detection sensor |
EP3624077B1 (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2023-11-01 | Zumtobel Lighting GmbH | Object detection sensor network for calculating a motion path of an object |
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- 1988-03-28 EP EP88105012A patent/EP0285961B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-01 US US07/176,454 patent/US4914298A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-04-08 JP JP63085553A patent/JP2523453B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (58)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US5045702A (en) * | 1988-11-25 | 1991-09-03 | Cerberus Ag | Infrared intrustion detector |
US5291020A (en) * | 1992-01-07 | 1994-03-01 | Intelectron Products Company | Method and apparatus for detecting direction and speed using PIR sensor |
US5519784A (en) * | 1992-10-07 | 1996-05-21 | Vermeulen; Pieter J. E. | Apparatus for classifying movement of objects along a passage by type and direction employing time domain patterns |
US20080294152A1 (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 2008-11-27 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Cooling System For A Photocosmetic Device |
US8328794B2 (en) | 1996-12-02 | 2012-12-11 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | System for electromagnetic radiation dermatology and head for use therewith |
US20090137995A1 (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 2009-05-28 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | System For Electromagnetic Radiation Dermatology And Head For Use Therewith |
US20080294153A1 (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 2008-11-27 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Cooling System For A Photocosmetic Device |
US8002768B1 (en) | 1997-05-15 | 2011-08-23 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Light energy delivery head |
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US8328796B2 (en) | 1997-05-15 | 2012-12-11 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Light energy delivery head |
US8109924B2 (en) | 1997-05-15 | 2012-02-07 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Heads for dermatology treatment |
US7763016B2 (en) | 1997-05-15 | 2010-07-27 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Light energy delivery head |
US8182473B2 (en) | 1999-01-08 | 2012-05-22 | Palomar Medical Technologies | Cooling system for a photocosmetic device |
US20080172047A1 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2008-07-17 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Methods And Devices For Fractional Ablation Of Tissue |
US20100145321A1 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2010-06-10 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Methods and products for producing lattices of emr-treated islets in tissues, and uses therefor |
US20070078501A1 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2007-04-05 | Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. | Phototreatment device for use with coolants and topical substances |
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DE102006057974A1 (en) * | 2006-12-04 | 2008-06-05 | Technische Universität Dresden | Direction-sensitive poly-electric infrared sensor for use in passive-infrared motion detector, has signal processing unit accommodated in housing, and sensor elements arranged in such manner that elements produce complete annular ring |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2523453B2 (en) | 1996-08-07 |
DE8705296U1 (en) | 1988-08-04 |
EP0285961A1 (en) | 1988-10-12 |
DE3862336D1 (en) | 1991-05-16 |
JPS63273066A (en) | 1988-11-10 |
EP0285961B1 (en) | 1991-04-10 |
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