Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
  • C08J3/005—Processes for mixing polymers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
  • Y10T428/2991—Coated
  • Y10T428/2998—Coated including synthetic resin or polymer
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31815—Of bituminous or tarry residue

Definitions

• This specification relates to a process for the manufacture of particulate material and is particularly, but not exclusively, concerned with the manufacture of material for use as a horse riding surface.
• Riding surfaces made from this material have certain drawbacks. Firstly, the material does not compact very well and tends to slide away from under a horse's hooves. Secondly, the material is not very dense and, for example, can blow away in a breeze. Thirdly, the material tends to have a significant dust content, which is undesirable.
• bitumenized material manufactured from raw granulated plastics material which has been bitumenized.
• This material is denser and compacts in a better manner than the raw material. Furthermore, dust is substantially eliminated.
• the bitumen used is relatively cheap, weather resistant and non-toxic. An important feature is that the bitumen remains adhered to the plastics granules but does not adhere to a horse's hooves.
• a process for manufacturing the material includes the steps of mixing the raw granulated plastics material with bitumen emulsion and water in such a way that the granules are coated whilst significant agglomeration is avoided. To have the granules agglomerate into substantial lumps would be unacceptable.
• a mixing drum is filled with the raw plastics material, and there are added--generally simultaneously--the required quantity of bitumen, a relatively large quantity of water at low pressure, and a relatively small quantity of water at high pressure. This high pressure water agitates the mixture and promotes coating without agglomeration.
• Other mixing means--such as stirrers--could be used.
• bitumen and water could be added by completely separate nozzles, for example, or by three nozzles feeding into one outlet.
• a large rotatable mixing drum is used, of a type normally employed for mixing concrete.
• the drum has a capacity of 6 cubic meters.
• About 41/2 tons of raw granulated PVC is fed into the drum by a conveyor which receives the PVC from a hoper. The drum is then rotated.
• Water and bitumen emulsion are then added.
• the preferred emulsion is cationic 40%, for example in accordance with British Standard 434, Part II, Class K1-40. Such an emulsion is available from Kelbit Limited. Other cationic bitumen emulsions might be usable, such as 60% or 55% but the 40% emulsion has been found to give particularly good results. Anionic emulsion will generally not adhere properly to the PVC.
• the emulsion is added in a quantity in the range of about 40-50 liters per ton of PVC.
• the preferred quantity, which gives especially good results, is 44 liters per ton, which gives about 200 liters for the 41/2 ton PVC load in this example. In practice, for simplicity, a 200 kg drum could be added.
• the quantity of water added for the full load of PVC and emulsion is about 230 gallons, i.e. 1046 liters. This is a ratio in the range of about 200 to 250 liters per tone of PVC, and in this case is about 230 liters per ton.
• the major part of the water is added at a relatively low pressure whilst the smaller part is added at a high pressure.
• the ratio is 20:3, i.e. 200 gallons of low pressure to 30 gallons of high pressure for the full load. Ratios in the range of 5:1 to 10:1 might be acceptable.
• the high pressure water can be distributed over the load by an operative, to ensure proper mixing and even bitumenizing without agglomeration, e.g. by moving a hose around.
• a riding surface comprises a drainage membrane, a 100 mm layer of clean limestone, a 40 mm layer of open textured macadam, an optional layer of sharp washed sand, and a 95 mm top layer of the bitumenized material.
• a surface has particularly good properties and can be used as a riding surface for indoor and all-weather riding arenas as well as for e.g. training gallops.
• the material may have uses in other contexts.
• starting material this tends to include certain impurities in addition to PVC, and particularly rubber, and cotton or other dust.
• the material is therefore firstly screened to extract any large foreign bodies, and then cleaned. This can comprise washing over a separating table (where vestiges of copper can be removed) and/or passing over extractor fans to remove dust. Rubber granules will tend to remain in the material but will not significantly alter its properties if in small quantities. It has been found that rubber tends to deteriorate, whilst PVC has an extremely long life.
• composition and grade (i.e. granule size) of the starting material tends to vary in view of the nature of its source. Specific grades could be selected for particular purposes, or mixtures used.
• the nature of the starting material may depend on the type of process used for extraction of copper. Thus, in a wet process there is likely to be a mixture of grades produced. On the other hand, a dry process may provide separated grades which can then be blended in required proportions to produce preferred mixtures.
• the plastic may be other than PV--for example being polyethylene where telephone cables are used as the starting material--or may be a mixture.
• the sand In use as a riding surface where installation involves an underlying layer of sand, the sand will mix with the bitumenized material after a while. It may be possible to add the sand during the manufacturing process instead or additionally, although this will increase costs of e.g. transport; sand is usually available locally.
• bitumen As regards the bitumen, it will be appreciated that the invention extends to substitute materials which will have similar properties.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Working-Up Tar And Pitch (AREA)
• Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (3)

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Citations (9)

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• 1985
  • 1985-04-23 GB GB858510317A patent/GB8510317D0/en active Pending
• 1986
  • 1986-04-23 US US07/002,697 patent/US4797434A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1986-04-23 EP EP86902462A patent/EP0218670B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1986-04-23 AU AU57764/86A patent/AU585018B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1986-04-23 DE DE8686902462T patent/DE3672440D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1986-04-23 WO PCT/GB1986/000223 patent/WO1986006391A1/en active IP Right Grant

Patent Citations (9)

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