US4276201A - Catalyst and hydroconversion process utilizing the same - Google Patents
Catalyst and hydroconversion process utilizing the same Download PDFInfo
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- US4276201A US4276201A US06/155,206 US15520680A US4276201A US 4276201 A US4276201 A US 4276201A US 15520680 A US15520680 A US 15520680A US 4276201 A US4276201 A US 4276201A
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- catalyst
- support
- alumina
- metal
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- INPLXZPZQSLHBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Co+2] INPLXZPZQSLHBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Ni]=S WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- -1 VIB metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018404 Al2 O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011275 tar sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
- C10G49/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G49/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/638—Pore volume more than 1.0 ml/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/647—2-50 nm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/651—50-500 nm
Definitions
- This invention relates to a catalyst and a process for the hydroconversion of hydrocarbonaceous oils.
- Hydroconversion catalysts comprising a hydrogenation component and a support comprising alumina are well known in the art. Hydroconversion processes in which a hydrocarbonaceous oil feed is converted in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst comprising a hydrogenation component and a support comprising alumina are known.
- hydroconversion is used herein to denote a process conducted in the presence of hydrogen in which at least a portion of the heavy constituents of the hydrocarbonaceous oil chargestock is converted to lower boiling hydrocarbon products while, simultaneously reducing the concentration of nitrogenous compounds, sulfur compounds and metallic contaminants.
- a method of preparing agglomerates of alumina is disclosed in Akzona's U.S. Pat. No. 4,159,969, based on Dutch patent application No. 7700810 published July 31, 1978, the teachings of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
- the Akzona patent also discloses that the agglomerates of alumina may be composited with catalytically active materials in conventional ways. It has now been found that a catalyst comprising such agglomerates of alumina having a specified macroporosity will provide advantages that will become apparent in the ensuing description.
- a catalyst comprising:
- a support having initially a surface area ranging from about 350 to about 500 m 2 /g, a total pore volume of about 1.0 to about 2.5 cc/g, not more than about 0.2 cc/g of said pore volume being in pores having a diameter of more than about 400 Angstroms, said support comprising agglomerates of alumina and silica, said silica comprising less than about 10 weight percent of said support, said agglomerates having been prepared in an agglomeration zone, under agglomeration conditions, including maintaining the heat introduced into said agglomeration zone in the range of about 10,000 to about 25,000 British thermal units per hour per pound of said alumina, and
- a hydrogenation component selected from the group consisting of elemental metal, metal oxide, metal sulfide of a Group VIB metal and an elemental metal, metal oxide and metal sulfide of a Group VIII metal and mixtures thereof of the Periodic Table of Elements.
- a catalyst support comprises agglomerates of alumina and a minor amount of silica.
- minor amounts of other refractory oxides may be included in the support.
- Agglomerates of alumina also referred to herein as "beaded" alumina, have initially prior to being composited with the hydrogenation component, a BET surface area ranging from about 350 to about 500 m 2 /g, a BET total pore volume of about 1.0 to about 2.5 cc/g.
- the agglomerates of alumina initially used as component of the catalyst must have not more than about 0.20 cc/g of its pore volume in pores having diameter greater than 400 Angstroms (these pores will hereinafter be called macropores).
- Suitable range of pores having diameter greater than 400 Angstroms include from about 0.05 to 0.20 cc/g.
- the agglomerates of alumina may be prepared by a modification of the method disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,159,969. According to the teachings of said U.S. patent, alumina agglomerates are prepared by contacting a hydrous aluminum oxide gel with an organic liquid which is essentially immiscible with water at a given ratio of organic liquid to water, as contained in the gel, such that only a portion of the water is removed from the hydrous aluminum oxide gel, prior to drying the gel. After the contacting step, according to the teachings of said U.S. patent, any prior art technique for agglomeration can be used.
- the gel which has been contacted with the organic liquid may be placed in a rotary film evaporator and the liquid phase evaporated off with continuous agitation.
- the alumina agglomerates made in accordance with the teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 4,159,969 will have a surface area ranging from about 350 to about 500 m 2 /g (BET) and a pore volume ranging from about 1.0 to about 2.5 cc/g (BET).
- the alumina agglomerates utilized as component of the catalyst of the present invention must have a low macroporous volume, that is, the MERPOR pore volume in pores greater than 400 Angstroms in diameter must be not more than about 0.2 cc/g and may range from about 0.05 to 0.2 cc/g.
- the term "MERPOR” is used herein to designate a mercury penetration method using porosimeter model 915-2 manufactured by Micrometritics Corporation, Norcross, Ga. The surface tension of the mercury is taken at a contact angle of 140 degrees. A pressure of 50,000 psig is used unless otherwise specified.
- BET Brunauer, Emmett and Teller
- the term "BET” is used herein to designate a nitrogen adsorption method of Brunauer, Emmett and Teller as shown in the Journal of American Chemical Society, vol. 16 (1938) pages 309 to 319. It has been found, in accordance with the present invention, that the macroporosity of these alumina agglomerates can be controlled by controlling the rate of heat input into the agglomeration zone during the vaporization of the liquid phase (that is, the alcohol-water azeotrope) from the gel during the formation of the agglomerates to obtain the desired macroporosity.
- the calcined catalyst When catalytic metals are included during the formation of the agglomerates, that is, prior to calcination, the calcined catalyst should have a macroporosity of not more than about 0.2 cc/g. In the embodiment in which a calcined agglomerate support is subsequently impregnated with the catalytic metals, the calcined support as well as the finished catalyst should have a macroporosity of not more than about 0.2 cc/g (MERPOR).
- One method of obtaining a macroporosity of less than about 0.2 cc/g in accordance with the present invention is to control the heat introduced into the agglomeration zone during the vaporization of the azeotrope from the gel during the agglomeration of the alumina support to a range of about 10,000 to about 25,000 BTU per hour per pound of alumina.
- a preferred range is from about 10,000 to 20,000 BTU per hour per pound of alumina, more preferably from about 13,000 to 15,000 BTU per hour per pound of alumina.
- a preferred range of heat input for the vaporization of the liquid phase (azeotrope) from the gel is from about 20,000 to about 25,000 BTU per hour per pound of alumina.
- the catalyst support of the present invention additionally comprises a minor amount of silica, that is, less than about 10 weight percent, based on the weight of the support, preferably from about 1 to about 6 weight ercent silica, more preferably from about 1 to about 4 weight percent silica, based on the support.
- silica As disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,159,969, sodium silicate may be added to the alumina hydrogel prior to gelation to yield silica in the final catalyst.
- minor amounts of boron oxide, phosphorous pentoxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, etc. may also be present in the alumina agglomerate-containing support.
- Suitable hydrogenation component include elemental metal, metal oxide, and metal sulfide of the Group VIB metal, and elemental metal, metal oxide and metal sulfide of the Group VIII metal and mixtures thereof of the Periodic Table of Elements.
- the Periodic Table referred to herein is in accordance with Handbook of Chemistry and Physics published by Chemical Rubber Company, Cleveland, Ohio, 45th Edition, 1964.
- the preferred Group VIB metal component in the final catalyst is selected from the group consisting of molybdenum oxide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten oxide, tungsten sulfide and mixtures thereof.
- the preferred Group VIII metal component is selected from the group consisting of nickel oxide, nickel sulfide, cobalt sulfide, cobalt oxide and mixtures thereof.
- the Group VIII metal component is suitably present in the final catalyst in amounts ranging from about 1 to about 6 weight percent, calculated as the oxide, based on the total catalyst.
- the Group VIB metal component is suitably present in the final catalyst in amounts ranging from about 5 to about 25 weight percent, preferably from about 12 to about 18 weight percent, calculated as the oxide, based on the total catalyst.
- the hydrogenation components may be composited with the support in any suitable manner and at any stage of the preparation of the catalyst.
- salts of the desired metals may be used to impregnate the agglomerates.
- the impregnation may be performed before, during or after formation of the agglomerates, prior to calcination. Alternatively, the impregnation can be performed after calcination of the agglomerates.
- the finished catalyst after calcination, will have a BET surface area ranging from about 250 to about 450 m 2 /g; a BET pore volume ranging from about 0.9 to about 2.0 cc/g and a macroporosity (pores having diameter greater than 400 Angstroms) of about 0.05 to about 0.2 cc/g; as measured by MERPOR.
- the catalyst may be sulfided prior or during use in a conventional way as is well known in the art.
- the catalyst of the invention is suitable for hydrocarbon hydroprocessing such as hydrodesulfurization, hydroconversion, hydrodenitrogenation, etc. It is particularly suited for hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbonaceous oils.
- Suitable hydroconversion conditions when utilizing the catalyst of the present invention, include a temperature ranging from about 600° to about 950° F., a pressure ranging from about 500 to about 5000 psig.
- Preferred hydroconversion conditions include a temperature ranging from about 700° F. to about 900° F., more preferably from about 750° F. to about 850° F., a pressure ranging from about 1000 to 4000 psig, more preferably from about 2000 to about 3000 psig and a hydrogen rate of 1000 to 10,000 standard cubic feet of hydrogen per barrel of oil feed, preferably 4000 to 6000 standard cubic feet of hydrogen per barrel of oil feed.
- the process may be carried out in a fixed bed, moving bed, ebullating bed, slurry, disperse phase or fluidized bed operation.
- the process is carried out in an ebullating bed.
- Suitable oil feed space velocity for ebullating bed operation include 0.1 to 5 V/Hr/V, preferably 0.3 to 1.0 V/Hr/V.
- Suitable chargestocks include heavy hydrocarbonaceous oils boiling above about 650° F. at atmospheric pressure, such as for example, petroleum crude oils, including heavy crude oils; heavy hydrocarbon distillates boiling in the range of about 650° to 1050° F. at atmospheric pressure, such as gas oils; residual petroleum oils, such as atmospheric distillation bottoms and vacuum distillation bottoms; bitumens; tar; tarsand oil; shale oil; liquids derived from coal liquefaction processes, including coal liquefaction bottoms.
- heavy hydrocarbonaceous oils boiling above about 650° F. at atmospheric pressure such as for example, petroleum crude oils, including heavy crude oils; heavy hydrocarbon distillates boiling in the range of about 650° to 1050° F. at atmospheric pressure, such as gas oils; residual petroleum oils, such as atmospheric distillation bottoms and vacuum distillation bottoms; bitumens; tar; tarsand oil; shale oil; liquids derived from coal liquefaction processes, including coal liquefaction bottoms.
- the process is particularly well suited for treating residual oils such as atmospheric residuum and vacuum residuum.
- Catalyst A a catalyst of the present invention
- Catalyst B three prior art catalysts designated Catalysts "B", "C” and "D”.
- Catalyst A was prepared by producing an agglomerated (beaded) alumina support comprising about 2 weight percent silica.
- the support had the following physical properties:
- compositions of Catalysts A, B, C and D are given in Table I.
- catalysts were tested utilizing a light Arabian vacuum residuum feed having 3.6 weight percent sulfur, 60 wppm vanadium, 89 weight percent 1050° F.+ and 0.3 weight percent nitrogen.
- the conditions used for the comparative tests were a temperature of 780° F., a hydrogen rate of 6000 standard cubic feet of hydrogen per barrel of feed, a pressure of 2400 psig, a space velocity of 0.5 volume of feed per volume of catalyst per hour in an upflow reactor in which the catalyst was disposed in a fixed bed.
- Catalysts E and F were prepared using the agglomerate formation method.
- Catalyst E had a macroporosity of about 0.92 cc/g.
- the catalytic metals were included during the agglomeration step in making Catalyst E.
- Catalyst F which is a catalyst having the macroporosity in accordance with the present invention, was made by first forming the agglomerate (beaded) support followed by impregnation of the calcined support with the catalytic metal components.
- the composition of both catalysts was 6 weight percent CoO; 20 weight percent MoO 3 ; 1 weight percent P 2 O 5 ; 73 weight percent Al 2 O 3 .
- Table III The physical properties of these catalysts are summarized in Table III.
- Catalysts E and F were tested in a catalyst screening unit consisting of four reactors in a common sandbath. In each case, 10 cc of each catalyst were charged to a reactor and the catalyst was sulfided for 16 hours with 10 vol. % H 2 S in H 2 at 750° F. The catalysts were tested at 750° F., 1 V/Hr/V (10 cc/hr), 2250 psig and 6000 SCF/H 2 for about 3 weeks. The feed used in the test was a Cold Lake crude having 4.3 weight percent sulfur, 165 wppm vanadium and 46 weight percent 1050° F.+ material. After approximately 160 hours on oil, the data shown in Table IV were obtained.
- Catalyst F which is a catalyst having the required low macroporosity in accordance with the present invention, was superior to Catalyst E which was a catalyst having a greater macroporosity and which is, therefore, not a catalyst of the present invention.
- This example shows that control of the macroporosity of the catalyst support is obtained by controlling the heat input rate into the agglomerate formation zone and, therefore, the rate of vaporization of the alcohol-water azeotrope from the gel during the agglomeration of the alumina support.
- support G The procedure used to prepare "support G” was modified as follows to prepare other supports: a three-liter flask was utilized instead of a one-liter flask and the reactants were tripled. These changes inherently reduced the heat input rate into the flask and consequently reduced the vaporization rate. The bath temperature was varied to change the heat input rate to produce different supports. The results are summarized in Table V.
- Catalyst supports H, I and J are suitable supports for the catalyst of the present invention since they have not more than about 0.2 cc/g of their pore volume in pores having a diameter of more than about 400 Angstroms.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/155,206 US4276201A (en) | 1979-08-15 | 1980-06-02 | Catalyst and hydroconversion process utilizing the same |
CA000356932A CA1137063A (en) | 1979-08-15 | 1980-07-24 | Catalyst and hydroconversion process utilizing the same |
DE8080302790T DE3062211D1 (en) | 1979-08-15 | 1980-08-13 | Catalyst having low volume of large pores and hydrocarbon hydroconversion process using same |
EP80302790A EP0024199B1 (de) | 1979-08-15 | 1980-08-13 | Katalysator mit niedrigem Makroporenvolumen und diesen Katalysator verwendendes Verfahren zur Wasserstoffumwandlung von Kohlenwasserstoffen |
US06/210,130 US4309278A (en) | 1980-06-02 | 1980-11-24 | Catalyst and hydroconversion process utilizing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US6657279A | 1979-08-15 | 1979-08-15 | |
US06/155,206 US4276201A (en) | 1979-08-15 | 1980-06-02 | Catalyst and hydroconversion process utilizing the same |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US6657279A Continuation-In-Part | 1979-08-15 | 1979-08-15 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/210,130 Division US4309278A (en) | 1980-06-02 | 1980-11-24 | Catalyst and hydroconversion process utilizing the same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4276201A true US4276201A (en) | 1981-06-30 |
Family
ID=26746892
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/155,206 Expired - Lifetime US4276201A (en) | 1979-08-15 | 1980-06-02 | Catalyst and hydroconversion process utilizing the same |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4276201A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0024199B1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA1137063A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3062211D1 (de) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4536489A (en) * | 1983-09-12 | 1985-08-20 | National Petro Chemicals Corporation | High pore volume, high purity alumina gels containing a chromium catalyst |
US5256389A (en) * | 1988-03-07 | 1993-10-26 | Cabot Corporation | High surface area metal oxide foams |
US6066308A (en) * | 1980-12-23 | 2000-05-23 | L'institut Francais Du Petrole | Alumina agglomerates and process for the preparation thereof |
US6303531B1 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2001-10-16 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Hydrothermally stable high pore volume aluminum oxide/swellable clay composites and methods of their preparation and use |
US6403526B1 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2002-06-11 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Alumina trihydrate derived high pore volume, high surface area aluminum oxide composites and methods of their preparation and use |
US6451200B1 (en) | 2000-01-13 | 2002-09-17 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Hydrothermally stable high pore volume aluminum oxide/swellable clay composites and methods of their preparation and use |
US20040260139A1 (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2004-12-23 | Kenneth Klabunde | Method of sorbing sulfur compounds using nanocrystalline mesoporous metal oxides |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA1211428A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1986-09-16 | Joseph F. Porinchak | Alumina-silica cogel |
US5134109A (en) * | 1989-07-07 | 1992-07-28 | Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited | Catalyst for reforming hydrocarbon with steam |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4159969A (en) * | 1977-01-27 | 1979-07-03 | Akzona Incorporated | Process for the preparation of agglomerates of porous aluminum oxide |
US4175118A (en) * | 1975-12-17 | 1979-11-20 | Condea Chemie Gmbh | Method for manufacturing a high porous alumina having a large surface area and a low bulk density |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4024231A (en) * | 1972-08-10 | 1977-05-17 | Continental Oil Company | Producing alumina having a majority of pore diameters of 35-80A |
FR2243020A1 (en) * | 1973-09-11 | 1975-04-04 | Toa Nenryo Kogyo Kk | Catalysts for conversion of heavy oils - esp. hydro-cracking, with controlled pore size, giving increased activity and selectivity |
US3928176A (en) * | 1974-04-01 | 1975-12-23 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Heavy crude conversion |
US4036784A (en) * | 1975-05-30 | 1977-07-19 | Uop Inc. | Method of producing an extruded catalyst composition |
US3998722A (en) * | 1975-12-31 | 1976-12-21 | Mayer Francis X | High temperature hydroconversion without incompatibles formation |
US4016107A (en) * | 1976-01-05 | 1977-04-05 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Preparation of catalysts of predetermined pore size distribution and pore volume |
DE2730698A1 (de) * | 1977-07-07 | 1979-01-18 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Katalysator und verfahren zur wasserstoffbehandlung von mineraloelen |
-
1980
- 1980-06-02 US US06/155,206 patent/US4276201A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-07-24 CA CA000356932A patent/CA1137063A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-08-13 EP EP80302790A patent/EP0024199B1/de not_active Expired
- 1980-08-13 DE DE8080302790T patent/DE3062211D1/de not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4175118A (en) * | 1975-12-17 | 1979-11-20 | Condea Chemie Gmbh | Method for manufacturing a high porous alumina having a large surface area and a low bulk density |
US4159969A (en) * | 1977-01-27 | 1979-07-03 | Akzona Incorporated | Process for the preparation of agglomerates of porous aluminum oxide |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6066308A (en) * | 1980-12-23 | 2000-05-23 | L'institut Francais Du Petrole | Alumina agglomerates and process for the preparation thereof |
US4536489A (en) * | 1983-09-12 | 1985-08-20 | National Petro Chemicals Corporation | High pore volume, high purity alumina gels containing a chromium catalyst |
US5256389A (en) * | 1988-03-07 | 1993-10-26 | Cabot Corporation | High surface area metal oxide foams |
US6303531B1 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2001-10-16 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Hydrothermally stable high pore volume aluminum oxide/swellable clay composites and methods of their preparation and use |
US6403526B1 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2002-06-11 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Alumina trihydrate derived high pore volume, high surface area aluminum oxide composites and methods of their preparation and use |
US6451200B1 (en) | 2000-01-13 | 2002-09-17 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Hydrothermally stable high pore volume aluminum oxide/swellable clay composites and methods of their preparation and use |
US20040260139A1 (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2004-12-23 | Kenneth Klabunde | Method of sorbing sulfur compounds using nanocrystalline mesoporous metal oxides |
US7341977B2 (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2008-03-11 | Nanoscale Corporation | Method of sorbing sulfur compounds using nanocrystalline mesoporous metal oxides |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA1137063A (en) | 1982-12-07 |
EP0024199B1 (de) | 1983-03-02 |
EP0024199A1 (de) | 1981-02-25 |
DE3062211D1 (en) | 1983-04-07 |
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