US425944A - Boiler with trapped circulation - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 3 SheetsSheet 1.

J. J. HOGAN. BOILER WITH TRAPPED CIRCULATION.

No. 425,944. Patented Apr. 15, 1890.

(No Model.) '3 Shee tS Sheet 2.

J. J. HOGAN. BOILER WITH TRAPPED GIRGULATIQN. No. 425,944.

Patented Apr. 15, 1890.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. J. J. HOGAN.

BOILER WITH TRAPPED CIRCULATION.

No. 425,944. Patented Apr. 15. 1890.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN'J. HOGAN, OF BROOKLYN, NEW' YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE HOGAN ENGINEERING COMPANY, OF NEW YORK.

BOILER WITH TRAPPED CIRCULATION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 425,944, dated April 15, 1890. Application filed December 9, 1889.. Serial No. 333,145. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN J. HOGAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Brooklyn, Kings county, New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Boilers with Trapped Circulation, fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

My invent-ion is particularly adapted for heating water to circulate through radiators, in which case the generation of steam in the boiler is undesirable; and its object is to promote an upward circulation within the boiler over the hottest part of the fire, and a positive downward circulation exterior to the Water-space of the boiler to replace the rising fluid. The upward circulation is preferably conducted through a passage in the center of the boiler, because such point is over the hottest part of the fire, and the fluid moving downward is led to conductors exterior to the boiler, that such conductors may be cooler than the water-space of the boiler and thereby promote the movement of .the fluid downward therein. The exterior conductors are connected to the water-space of the boiler at intervals by connections leading downwardly from such watersection into such conductor. The passage between the water-space and the exterior conductor may be confined to the lower part of each water-section by leading the water channel or connection from the bottom of such water-space, or by a deflecting plate or tube projecting downwardly within the upper part of suchwater-space, where it is connected with the exterior conductor. Each of these constructions serves alike to trap the hot water within the water-section and prevent its rising into the exterior conductor, while the connection with the exterior conductor permits the free access of colder fluid from the conductor to thewater-section, as maybe required. By this construction the heated fluid within the boiler is prevented from gaining access to the exterior conductors and thus obstructing the downward current therein, and is effectively directed toward the vertical passage or passages within the water-space in which the current moves naturally upward.

Cast-iron boilers have heretofore been made in horizontal sections with vertical connecting-thimbles, and the exterior of such sections has been made sometimes round and sometimes rectangular to form a circular or a square boiler.

My improvements are especially adapted to boilers formed with horizontal water-sections and intermediate smoke-chambers, but may obviously be applied to other constructions.

In the annexed drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation of a boiler constructed with my improvement in horizontal water-sections with intermediate smoke-chambers. Fig. 2 is a central vertical section of the same. Fig. 3 is a plan of the same at the top of the fire-pot. Fig. 4 is a plan, partly in sectionwherehatched, of the sections above the fire-box, excepting the top one. Fig. 5 is a section, upon an enlarged scale, of part of two sections, with the external thimbles projected downward therein; and Fig. 6 is a similar view of two sections, with deflectors upon their upper sides adjacent to the thimbles.

A B O D are four water-sections separated by smoke-spaces e and sustained above aflrepot by a series of water-columns p and Z. The fire-pot is formed by a water-ring E and rests upon an ash-pit F, provided. with grate G.

Each water-section, except the section T (if such be used) at the extreme top of the boiler, is provided with apertures 11, which are extended over one another in the same vertical line to form continuous vertical smoke-fines connecting the fire-box and the intermediate spaces 6 directly with the upper smoke-space II, from which the smoke is conducted by a nozzle I. Each Water-section is also provided with smoke-apertures 1), formed to alternate with one another in the several sections A B C D, and thus form interrupted smoke-fines, such as have been commonly used in similar constructions. A hollow ring containing an annular water-spacej projects down ward from the bottom of each water-section at its margin, and is provided with hollow lugs 7.5, which are connected together by thimbles Z, arranged in vertical line over one another. The interiors of the water-sections are connected together at the center by circular nozzles 42,

forming avertical water column or passage 17 over the center of the fire-box, and the outlet 0 of the boiler is provided in the top section over such central passage to discharge the heated fluid in an unbroken current.

The top section T is shown as constructed merely to cover the top smoke-space with a water-box, and the return-fluid from the heating-radiators would be connected by pipes q with the lugs 7a in such top section, and also with the water-rin g E around the fire-pot by a nozzle q intermediate to the lugs 7c,formed.

upon the same. A smoke-aperture I is extended through the top section to connect the boiler to a chimney-flue by a suitable pipe I.

The lugs 70, formed upon the water-ring E, are arranged in line with the corresponding lugs upon the watersections, and are com nected thereto by the thimbles l, which form an uninterrupted vertical column or passage for the descent of the colder fluid. The wa ter-ring is also connected with the lower part of the ring j upon the section A by tubular connections 8, which provide a passage for the upward movement of the fluid heated within the water-ring. The ring is partially lined'with fire-brick b and an aperture a for a fire-door is formed in such ring above the fire-brick and in a portion of the annular ring j upon the lower edge of the section A, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3.

It will be noticed that the apertures 12 through the water-sections being in a direct line with one another induce a strong draft from the fire upward to the top smoke-space H, and thus operate to heat most effectively the central water-passage 19, while the thimbles Z being wholly removed from the action of the fire operate as uninterrupted descending columns for the colder fluid. When the return-current from a system of heating-radiators is connected with the nozzle q UPODIIIB water-ring it is immediately heated by the heat of the fire-box and rises through the connections 8 into the water-section above it.

Theonly connection from each of the water-sections with the thimbles l is through the annular water-spaces j, which are connected exclusively with the bottoms of the to rise upward in the boiler.

sections, and the water heated in the several sections is thus forced to move exclusively toward the central water-channel p The movement of the heated fluid toward the center of the boiler is facilitated by sloping the top of each of the water-sections upwardly to ward the nozzle 92., as shown in Fig. 2. Here the central water-colun1n furnishes a direct upward passage for the heated fiuid,whichis thus led to the outlet 0 in the top section. The margin of the section (shown at Ain Fig. 2) thus operates as a trap to obstruct any upward movement of the water within the water-sections toward the thimbles Z, while it doesnot in the least iinpedea downward movement of the water from any of the sectionsto the thilnbles. \Vhen the return-fluid from the circulating system ,outside'of the boiler is out ofl: from the boiler, the heat around the fire-pot would soon overheat the adjacent surfaces and injure the metal unless a free circulation of water be maintained therein. By the trapped formation of the connections between the water-sections and the thimbles Z a positive upward circulation is induced in the center of the boiler, and a positive downward circulation is induced in the thimbles. It will'also be noticed by reference to Fig. 2 that, while. the trapped connection referred to impedes themovement of the hot water in any of the water-sections toward the lugs 70, it ofiers no obstruction. to the rising of the fluid from any of the lugs into the water-section, as would be required in the case of the section A, which receives all the return fluid from the waterring through the connections .9 and lower thimbles Z.

Fig. 5 shows the lug from the edge of the water-section without any depending water-space j, and the trapped connection between the water-section and the thimbleis formed by projecting the end of the thimble downward within the top of the section, as shown at Z. Such construction does not obstruct the downward flow of the current in the thimbles nor the upward movement of the fluid from the thimbles into the water-section, while it does obstruct, in' the desired manner, the passage of hotwater from the upper side of the water-section to the upper thimble.

In Fig. 6 a deflector Z is shown formed acrossthe lug 70 between the inlet of the thimble and the body of the water-section,and thus performs the same function as the projecting end of the thimble shown at Z in Fig. 5.

It will be noticed that all the constructions shown in Figs. 2, 5, and 6 operate alike as deflectors projecteddownward in the connections between the water-sections and the external conductor or thimble, and thus prevent the upward movement of the fluid from the water-space to the conductors. The waterconneet-iou from the section to the interior of the projectinglug 70 may thus be said to lead downwardly, and furnishes a passage opposed to the outward movement of the heated fluid, which more naturally moves upward within the boiler under the pressure of the colder fluid, which may press upon it.

While the smoke-apertures b, by their arrangement in the several sections, obstruct the direct flow of the heated gases, the apertures Z) serve to carry theheated gas from the fire-pot directly upward in close contact with the central water-channel p, and I therefore consider the combination of such direct and indirect smoke-passages as serving a valuable purpose in connection with the-trapped circulation of the boiler.

Fig. 4 is drawn, in section at the right-hand side to show thewater-space between the apertures b and b and to exhibit a guard '10, which is shown extended within the margin of the section at the inner edge of the depending hollow ring, which forms the annular waterspace j. This guard, when used, operates to prevent the direct flow of the fluid to or from the thimbles Z, and compels the circulation from the thimbles to the central nozzles to pass around the ends of the guard to reach the latter.

I find a great advantage in the sloping top upon each of the water-sections, as shown in Figs. 2, 5, and 6, when used in combination with the external conductors, which are connected with such sections by the downward passages employed in my construction. By such construction and by the provision of a large vertical passage within the boiler like the central water-column p, I furnish ample facilities for the upward movement of the water over the hottest part of the fire, while the exterior conductors furnish a suitable channel or water-column for the downward movement of the fluid to maintain a circulation within the boiler when the disuse of the external heating system necessitates such a circulation. I thuswholly prevent the overheating of the boiler in any part, while I increase its evaporative power.

The hollow ring shown herein projected downward from the margin of each section is made circular in form to correspond with the shape of the section; but it is obvious that such ring is in function a Water-leg, and that a precise equivalent for such hollow ring could be formed upon the margin of a square section and projected downward, and furnished with connections to the external conductors in the manner herein described. I

therefore consider that a water-leg, formed upon a square rim. and connected like the hollow ring shown in my drawings, would be a precise equivalent therefor, and would be covered by my claims herein.

I hereby disclaim my pending application No. 332,697, filed December 5, 1889, as I have shown and described herein certain features which are claimed in the said application.

In my pending application, Serial No. 382,697, filed December 5, 1889, I have shown a boiler constructed substantially like that in my present drawings, and have claimed a Water-jacket connected with the edge of each section and two or more vertical water-com nections between the sections to provide for upward and downward circulation. I have also claimed in connection with such waterjacket a vertical water-connection between the sections inside the same and a vertical water-connection between the sections external to the same, and to such constructions I make no claim in my present application.

Having thus set forth my invention, what I claim herein is 1. In a boiler, the combination, with one or more water-passages extending vertically within the boiler, of one or more water-conductors exterior to the water-space of the boiler,connections at intervals between the external conductors and the water-space of the boiler, and deflectors projected downward in such connections to prevent the upward movement of fluid from the water-space to the conductors, substantially as herein set forth.

2. In a boiler comprising a series of watersections separated by intermediate smokechambers, the combination, with one or more water-passages extending vertically within theboiler, of one or more water-conductors exterior to the water-space of the boiler, connections between the external conductors and the water-sections, and deflectors projected downward in such connections to prevent the upward movement of the fluid from the waterspace to the conductors, substantially as herein set forth.

3. In a boiler comprising a series of watersections separated by intermediate smokechambers, the combination, with awater-passage extending vertically within the boiler through the centers of the water-sections, of one or more water-conductors exterior to the water-space of the boiler, connections between the external conductors and the watersections, and deflectors projected downward in such connections to prevent the upward movement of the fluid from the water-space to the conductors, substantially as herein set forth.

4:. In a cast-iron boiler, the combination of a series of horizontal water-sections having one or more vertical passages connecting the same for the internal upward movement of the fluid, and each section being provided with exterior lugs connected by thimbles, and the water-connection between the section and theinterior of such lug leading downwardly, as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In a cast-iron boiler, the combination of a series of horizontal water-sections having central water-connections for the upward passage of the fluid, and exterior water-connections for the downward passage of the fluid, one series of smoke-apertures through all the sections in the same vertical line to form uninterrupted smoke-flues, and a series of apertures arranged alternately in the several sections to form interrupted smokeflues, as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In a cast-iron boiler, the combination, with a series of horizontal water-sections having apertures through them for the passage of smoke, and one or more vertical passages connecting the said sections for the upward movement of the fluid, of a hollow ring projected downward from the margin of each section, and water-connections between such depending rings for the downward movement of the fluid, as and for the purpose set forth.

7. In a cast-iron boiler, the combination 'of a series of water-sections perforated with vertical smoke-apertures, and provided at the center with nozzles to form a vertical waterpassage, the sections having external hollow lugs connected 111 a series; by means; of t liim- :terior to the sect-ionswithpassages leading 1 I ,bles, .an-dbeing: provided with guards wwithdownwardly from zeaehiseebion into sueh-ex- I in the margin ofthesections adjacent to such I :terior conductors, substantially as herei n' sefi l lugsto prevenhthedirect passageoflth'efiuid forth.2 J; -5- he. hi -nblefi,Substantially.as. herein set -1-I11 testimony whereofl have LhGlBl'lfitOSGt iGlt-llww my hand'in the-presence 0f twosuhscribing 8; Thecomhinatiominab0i1er,0fa-series witnesses." 2 I of water-sections having: domed; or :sloping -mp5,withwaterrconnectionsforming: ac0n-' ""Witnesses: 1o tinuouspassage throughrt-he centers of the *AO. 'KITTREDGE, sections, andvertical' water-conductors ex- I THOS. S; CRANE;

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