US4045306A - Electroplating zinc and bath therefor - Google Patents
Electroplating zinc and bath therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4045306A US4045306A US05/691,625 US69162576A US4045306A US 4045306 A US4045306 A US 4045306A US 69162576 A US69162576 A US 69162576A US 4045306 A US4045306 A US 4045306A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bath
- zinc
- reaction product
- triazol
- hydrin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
Definitions
- the invention concerns an alkaline cyanide-free or substantially cyanide-free zinc bath for electrodepositing bright to extra bright levelled zinc coats on a substrate.
- alkaline zinc baths have been used containing less toxic sequestrants instead of the highly toxic alkali cyanides. These sequestrants are said to permit a zinc deposit which is satisfactory for practical purposes when used in combination with the more unstable zinc complex for zinc deposits.
- gluconates cf. German Pat. No. 1,253,002
- alkanol amines and hexamethylene tetramine cf. German Pat. No. 1,150,255
- surfactants with imidazolinium basic substances, in addition to gelatin and aldehydes cf. German Pat. No. 1,496,742
- longer chain amines in mixture with other additives cf. German Pat. No. 1,935,821
- reaction products of alkylene polyamines with epihalogen hydrines cf. German Pat. No. 1,771,371).
- an object of the present invention to provide an alkaline zinc bath which, while avoiding the disadvantages of the known alkaline zinc baths, permits the deposit of bright to extra bright levelled zinc coats, and which insures a high stability and problem-free waste water detoxification with a low concentration of the additives.
- an alkaline cyanide-free or substantially cyanide-free zinc bath which contains a zinc salt, alkali hydroxide and conventional additives, and which is characterized in that it contains a reaction product of an unsaturated heterocyclic hydrocarbon compound containing at least two nitrogen atoms in the ring, with an epihalogen hydrin or with a glycerolhalogen hydrin.
- the bath according to the invention has excellent properties. It forms an excellent bright coat, and shows an unusually high leveling capacity for alkaline baths.
- the stability is very high, so that no disturbing decomposition products are formed, even after prolonged operation.
- the content of the reaction product to be used according to the invention for the operation is so low that zinc solutions and solutions containing copper- or nickel salts no longer have a sequestring effect at the very low electrolytic dilutions of 1:10.
- Zinc salts that can be used are, for example, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc oxide and others, in concentrations of 4.0 to 20.0 g/liter, preferably 6.0 to 15.0 g/liter, related to the zinc metal.
- the alkali hydroxide preferably sodium hydroxide, is added to the bath in such amounts that the pH-value is substantially above 12.
- alkali carbonates can also be present in the bath in amounts up to 100 g/liter.
- reaction products to be used according to the invention represent partly quaternized monomeric or polymeric compounds which have a molecular weight of more than 150, preferably 200 to 100,000. They are effective in concentrations of 0.01 g/liter and can generally be used in concentrations of 0.1 to 100 g/liter, preferably 0.5 g to 20 g/liter.
- reaction products are produced according to known methods, for example, by reacting the unsaturated heterocyclic hydrocarbon compound containing at least two nitrogen atoms with the halogen hydrin in a solvent.
- the unsaturated heterocyclic compound is placed, for example, in molar concentration in water or a solution of water and ethyl alcohol, and the epihalogen hydrin or glycerol halogen hydrin is added at room temperature in portions.
- the molar ratio between heterocyclic compound and halogen hydrin is preferably 2:1 to 1:4.
- the reaction temperature can vary between 20° and 80° C depending on the substance used.
- the mixture is stirred for one hour at boiling temperature, and then diluted with water to the desired concentration.
- Suitable heterocyclic hydrocarbon compounds that may be used are unsaturated five- or six-member compounds, of which the following are included by way of example: pyrazol, imidazol, 1,2,3-triazol, tetrazol, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, 1,3,5-triazin, tetrazine, benzimidazol, purine, quinoxaline, pteridine, 1,2,3-oxadiazol, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol, 1,3,4-thiadiazol, 1,2,4-thiadiazine, benzothiadiazine, 5,5'-(bis-imidazolyl)-methane, 1,2,4-triazol, 1-acetyl imidazol, 2-methyl-imidazol, 4-amino-imidazol and derivatives thereof.
- the reaction products are light yellow to dark brown, monomeric or polymeric compounds which are easily soluble in water. They have a molecular weight of more than 150 to about 100,000 and more. A special advantage is that they can be added to the bath without isolation from the reaction mixture.
- the basic composition of the bath according to the invention is as follows:
- the bath may also contain common additives, with which the effects of the reaction products to be used according to the invention can be surprisingly increased.
- Such additives are, for example: sulfur compounds, such as organic or inorganic sulfur compounds with a bivalent sulfur atom, aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes or ketones, aliphatic or aromatic amines, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidon, water soluble proteins or reaction products of halogen hydrin, that is, epihalogen hydrins and/or glycerol halogen hydrins, with aliphatic or aromatic amines or heterocyclic mononitrogen compounds alone or in mixture with each other.
- sulfur compounds such as organic or inorganic sulfur compounds with a bivalent sulfur atom, aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes or ketones, aliphatic or aromatic amines, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidon, water soluble proteins or reaction products of halogen hydrin, that is, epihalogen hydrins and/or glycerol halogen hydrins, with aliphatic or aromatic amines or heterocycl
- the aldehydes and ketones have a particular improving effect in relatively low concentrations, which are below those concentrations at which they otherwise show no effect, so that secondary reactions which reduce the active substance, are avoided.
- the bath according to the invention has the particular advantage that it can be operated free of the known harmful sequestrants.
- Suitable as such ordinary sequestrants are those of the class of the aminocarbonic acids, of the organic phosphonic acids, of the polycarbonic acids, and of the cyanides.
- the bath according to the invention is used at current densities of 0.01 to 10 A/qdm, preferably 0.1 to 6 A/qdm, and at temperatures of about 20° to 40° C. It can be used for galvanizing racks, drums or bells on ordinary base materials, such as iron and steel.
- a cyanide-free alkaline zinc bath of the following composition was prepared:
- This mixture was electroplated in a Hull cell (volume 260 ml) at 20° C and a current intensity of 1 A for 10 minutes on a scratched sheet iron cathode.
- the uniformity of the deposit could be visibly increased.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Abstract
An alkaline - cyanide free or substantially cyanide-free bath is provided for the electrodeposition of a bright levelled zinc coating; said bath containing a zinc salt, alkali hydroxide and conventional additives and a reaction product of unsaturated nitrogen heterocyclic hydrocarbon compounds containing at least two nitrogen atoms in the ring with epihalogen hydrin or glycerol halogen hydrin.
Description
The invention concerns an alkaline cyanide-free or substantially cyanide-free zinc bath for electrodepositing bright to extra bright levelled zinc coats on a substrate.
It is known that alkaline zinc baths have been used containing less toxic sequestrants instead of the highly toxic alkali cyanides. These sequestrants are said to permit a zinc deposit which is satisfactory for practical purposes when used in combination with the more unstable zinc complex for zinc deposits.
To this end it has been suggested, for example, to use gluconates (cf. German Pat. No. 1,253,002); alkanol amines and hexamethylene tetramine (cf. German Pat. No. 1,150,255); surfactants with imidazolinium basic substances, in addition to gelatin and aldehydes (cf. German Pat. No. 1,496,742); longer chain amines in mixture with other additives (cf. German Pat. No. 1,935,821); and reaction products of alkylene polyamines with epihalogen hydrines (cf. German Pat. No. 1,771,371).
It has been found that all these additives have not been satisfactory. The apparent disadvantage being that they must either be in such high concentrations that problem-free waste water detoxification is no longer assured, or that they can no longer be handled safely, because of their low stability and the increased risk of waste water detoxification by the formation of sequestring decomposition products. Other disadvantages are that the high concentration of the decomposition products has a negative effect on the corrosion resistance of the zinc deposits and may lead to annoying and undesired precipitations in the electrolyte.
With the above in view, it is an object of the present invention to provide an alkaline zinc bath which, while avoiding the disadvantages of the known alkaline zinc baths, permits the deposit of bright to extra bright levelled zinc coats, and which insures a high stability and problem-free waste water detoxification with a low concentration of the additives.
This problem is solved according to the present invention by an alkaline cyanide-free or substantially cyanide-free zinc bath which contains a zinc salt, alkali hydroxide and conventional additives, and which is characterized in that it contains a reaction product of an unsaturated heterocyclic hydrocarbon compound containing at least two nitrogen atoms in the ring, with an epihalogen hydrin or with a glycerolhalogen hydrin.
The bath according to the invention has excellent properties. It forms an excellent bright coat, and shows an unusually high leveling capacity for alkaline baths. The stability is very high, so that no disturbing decomposition products are formed, even after prolonged operation. The content of the reaction product to be used according to the invention for the operation is so low that zinc solutions and solutions containing copper- or nickel salts no longer have a sequestring effect at the very low electrolytic dilutions of 1:10.
Zinc salts that can be used are, for example, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc oxide and others, in concentrations of 4.0 to 20.0 g/liter, preferably 6.0 to 15.0 g/liter, related to the zinc metal. The alkali hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide, is added to the bath in such amounts that the pH-value is substantially above 12. In addition, alkali carbonates can also be present in the bath in amounts up to 100 g/liter.
The reaction products to be used according to the invention represent partly quaternized monomeric or polymeric compounds which have a molecular weight of more than 150, preferably 200 to 100,000. They are effective in concentrations of 0.01 g/liter and can generally be used in concentrations of 0.1 to 100 g/liter, preferably 0.5 g to 20 g/liter.
The above mentioned reaction products are produced according to known methods, for example, by reacting the unsaturated heterocyclic hydrocarbon compound containing at least two nitrogen atoms with the halogen hydrin in a solvent.
The unsaturated heterocyclic compound is placed, for example, in molar concentration in water or a solution of water and ethyl alcohol, and the epihalogen hydrin or glycerol halogen hydrin is added at room temperature in portions. The molar ratio between heterocyclic compound and halogen hydrin is preferably 2:1 to 1:4. The reaction temperature can vary between 20° and 80° C depending on the substance used.
After the reaction is completed, the mixture is stirred for one hour at boiling temperature, and then diluted with water to the desired concentration.
Suitable heterocyclic hydrocarbon compounds that may be used are unsaturated five- or six-member compounds, of which the following are included by way of example: pyrazol, imidazol, 1,2,3-triazol, tetrazol, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, 1,3,5-triazin, tetrazine, benzimidazol, purine, quinoxaline, pteridine, 1,2,3-oxadiazol, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol, 1,3,4-thiadiazol, 1,2,4-thiadiazine, benzothiadiazine, 5,5'-(bis-imidazolyl)-methane, 1,2,4-triazol, 1-acetyl imidazol, 2-methyl-imidazol, 4-amino-imidazol and derivatives thereof.
The following table illustrates typical reaction conditions by way of example:
__________________________________________________________________________ Unsaturated heterocyclic Molar ratio of heterocyclic compound hydrocarbon compound to epihalogen hydrin or glycerol Reaction temperature/ molar in solvent halogen hydrin Solvent reaction time __________________________________________________________________________ 1. Pyrazole 1 : 1 Water 20° C to boiling temperature 1 to 24 hours 2. 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazol 1 : 4 Water 20° C to boiling temperature 1 to 24 hours 3. 1,2,4-Triazol 1 : 3 Water 20° C to boiling temperature 1 to 24 hours 4. Benzimidazol 1 : 1 Water/ 20° C to boiling temperature alcohol 1 to 24 hours 5. Tetrazine 1 : 4 Water 20° C to boiling temperature 1 to 24 hours 6. 5,5'-(bis-imidazolyl)- 1 : 2 Water 20° C to boiling temperature methane 1 to 24 hours 7. 1,3,4-thiadiazol 1 : 1 Alcohol 20° C to boiling temperature 1 to 24 hours 8. 1-Acetyl-imidazol 1 : 0.5 Water 20° C to boiling temperature 1 to 24 hours 9. 2-Methyl-imidazol 1 : 2 Water 20° C to boiling temperature 1 to 24 hours. __________________________________________________________________________
The reaction products are light yellow to dark brown, monomeric or polymeric compounds which are easily soluble in water. They have a molecular weight of more than 150 to about 100,000 and more. A special advantage is that they can be added to the bath without isolation from the reaction mixture. The basic composition of the bath according to the invention is as follows:
______________________________________ zinc salt: 4.0 to 20.0 g/liter, preferably 6.0 to 15.0 g/liter related to the zinc metal alkali hydroxide 50.0 to 250.0 g/liter, preferably 80.0 to 160.0 g/liter reaction product from unsaturated heterocyclic hydrocarbon compound and 0.1 to 100 g/liter, preferably halogen hydrin 0.5 to 20.0 g/liter in aqueous solution. ______________________________________
The bath may also contain common additives, with which the effects of the reaction products to be used according to the invention can be surprisingly increased.
Such additives are, for example: sulfur compounds, such as organic or inorganic sulfur compounds with a bivalent sulfur atom, aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes or ketones, aliphatic or aromatic amines, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidon, water soluble proteins or reaction products of halogen hydrin, that is, epihalogen hydrins and/or glycerol halogen hydrins, with aliphatic or aromatic amines or heterocyclic mononitrogen compounds alone or in mixture with each other.
Of these common additives, the aldehydes and ketones have a particular improving effect in relatively low concentrations, which are below those concentrations at which they otherwise show no effect, so that secondary reactions which reduce the active substance, are avoided.
The bath according to the invention has the particular advantage that it can be operated free of the known harmful sequestrants.
But if it is desirable to use these sequestrants in the bath composition according to the invention, this can be done without much harm, because very small amounts are already sufficient for any desired sequestration of the zinc, which have no effect on the quality of the coats deposited according to the invention. Suitable as such ordinary sequestrants are those of the class of the aminocarbonic acids, of the organic phosphonic acids, of the polycarbonic acids, and of the cyanides.
The bath according to the invention is used at current densities of 0.01 to 10 A/qdm, preferably 0.1 to 6 A/qdm, and at temperatures of about 20° to 40° C. It can be used for galvanizing racks, drums or bells on ordinary base materials, such as iron and steel.
The following examples will illustrate the invention.
A cyanide-free alkaline zinc bath of the following composition was prepared:
20 g/l zinc oxide
120 g/l sodium hydroxide
0.1 g/l veratrum aldehyde
0.5 g/l benzimidazolthiol
This mixture was electroplated in a Hull cell (volume 260 ml) at 20° C and a current intensity of 1 A for 10 minutes on a scratched sheet iron cathode.
There was a grey to black deposit over a wide current density range and scorchings in the high current density range. After adding 4 to 8 ml/l of a molar solution, corresponding to 0.6 to 1.2 g/l of a reaction product of pyrazol and epichlorohydrin, an extra bright to bright zinc coat was deposited under the same conditions in the current density range of 0.1 to 4.0 A/qd.
A zinc bath of the following composition:
60 g/l zinc sulfate crystals
150 g/l sodium hydroxide
1 g/l anise aldehyde bisulfite
1 g/l thiourea
was tested in a Hull cell as in example 1.
There was a similar unsuitable zinc deposit. After adding 4 to 8 ml/l of a molar solution, corresponding to 0.7 to 1.4 g/l, of a reaction product of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol and epichlorohydrin, an extra bright, levelled zinc coat was deposited under the same conditions in the current density range of 0.1 to 4 A/qdm.
A zinc bath of the following composition:
25 g/l zinc oxide
250 g/l sodium hydroxide
0.5 g/l piperonal
0.5 g/l 2-thiazolinethiol
0.2 g/l polyvinyl alcohol
was tested in a Hull cell as in example 1.
There was a dark, amorphous deposit in the high to medium current density range. A grey dull deposit was evident in the entire current density range.
After adding 4 to 8 ml/g of a molar solution, corresponding to 0.65 to 1.3 g/l, of a reaction product of 1,2,4-triazol end epichlorohydrin, an extra bright levelled zinc coat was deposited under equal conditions in the current density range of 0.3 to 4 A/qdm.
A zinc bath of the following condition:
10 g/l zinc oxide
90 g/l sodium hydroxide
0.5 g/l polyvinyl glycol
0.01 g/l 2-mercapto pyrimidine
1 g/l 3-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-benzaldehyde was used as a drum zinc bath. With a current density of 0.5 to 0.8 A/qdm, electroplating was done at 20° C for 45 minutes. As drum ware were used iron screws.
Light-colored, uniform zinc deposits without a pronounced high polish. After adding 2 to 6 ml/g of a solution which contains as a reaction product a compound of 1 mole 1-acetyl imidazol and 0.5 mole epichlorohydrin, corresponding to 0.3 to 0.9 g ration product/liter, an extra bright levelled zinc coat was deposited.
A zinc bath of the following composition:
50 g/l zinc sulfate cryst.
100 g/l sodium hydroxide
0.2 g/l thiosemicarbazide
0.2 g/l anise aldehyde
1 g/l vaniline
were used in the drum as in example 1.
Irregular mottled half lustre on the iron sheet cathode.
After adding 2 to 6 ml/liter of a solution which contained as a reaction product a compound of 1 mole 2-methylimidazol and 2 moles epichlorohydrin, corresponding to 0.5 to 1.5 g reaction product/liter, an extra bright, levelled zinc coat was deposited.
A zinc bath of the following composition:
15 g/l zinc oxide
150 g/l sodium hydroxide
30 g/l sodium tetraborate
2 g/l 3 ethoxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde
0.5 g/l polyvinyl alcohol
was tested in a Hull cell as in example 1.
Grey, dark brown deposit in the high to medium current density range. Mottled half-lustre in the low current density range.
After adding 4 to 8 ml/g of a molar solution, corresponding to 0.7 to 1.4 g/l, of a reaction product of 4-amino-imidazol and epichlorohydrin, there was obtained an extra bright levelled zinc deposit under equal conditions in the current density range of 0.1 to 4 A/qdm.
A zinc bath of the following composition:
10 g/l zinc oxide
90 g/l sodium hydroxide
0.5 g/l thioacetamide
0.5 g/l benzoyl acetone
was tested in a Hull cell as in example 1.
In the entire current density range there resulted a dull dark zinc deposit. After adding 8 ml/l of a molar solution, corresponding to 1.2 g/l, of a reaction product of pyrazol and epichlorohydrin, we obtained a bright zinc deposit under equal conditions in the current density range of 0.5 to 3 A/qdm.
After adding 0.5 g/l polyethylene, the uniformity of the deposit could be visibly increased.
A zinc bath of the following composition:
20 g/l zinc oxide
160 g/l potassium hydroxide
1 g/l gelatin
1 g/l anise aldehyde
was tested in a Hull cell as in example 1.
A dark grey deposit, without lustre, in the entire density range resulted.
After adding 20 ml/g of a solution containing a reaction product of 1 mole imidazol with 4 moles epichlorohydrin, corresponding to 8.75 g reaction product/liter, there was obtained under the same conditions an extra bright, levelled zinc deposit in the current density range of 1.0 to 5 A/qdm.
Claims (6)
1. An aqueous alkaline substantially cyanide-free bath for the electrodeposition of zinc, comprising a zinc salt, an alkali hydroxide, and an effective amount of a brightener which is a reaction product of from 1 to 4 moles of a halohydrin selected from the group consisting of an epihalogen hydrin and a glycerol halogen hydrin with from 1 to 2 moles of a heterocyclic compound selected from the group consisting of pyrazol, 1,2,3-triazol, tetrazol, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, 1,3,5-triazine, tetrazine, purine, quinoxaline, pteridine, 1,23-oxadiazol, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol, 1,3,4-thiadazol, 1,2,4-thiadiazine, benzothiadiazine, and 1,2,4-triazol.
2. The bath of claim 1 in which said reaction product has a molecular weight between about 200 and about 100,000.
3. The bath of claim 1 in which said reaction product is present in a concentration from 0.1 to 100 g per liter.
4. The bath of claim 1 in which said reaction product is present in a concentration from 0.5 to 20 g per liter.
5. The bath of claim 1 which contains in addition a compound selected from the group consisting of a bivalent sulfur compound, aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes, ketones or amines, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, a water soluble protein, a reaction product of a halohydrin with a heterocyclic mononitrogen compound, and a reaction product of a halohydrin with an aliphatic or aromatic amine.
6. The method of electrodepositing a bright, levelled zinc coat on an object which comprises electrodepositing the zinc coating from the bath according to claim 1, operating said bath at a current density between 0.01 and 10 A/qdm, in a temperature range between about 20° and about 40° C, and at a pH value above 12.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DT2525264 | 1975-06-04 | ||
DE2525264A DE2525264C2 (en) | 1975-06-04 | 1975-06-04 | Alkaline, cyanide-free zinc bath and process for the electrodeposition of zinc coatings using this bath |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4045306A true US4045306A (en) | 1977-08-30 |
Family
ID=5948453
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US05/691,625 Expired - Lifetime US4045306A (en) | 1975-06-04 | 1976-06-01 | Electroplating zinc and bath therefor |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4045306A (en) |
AT (1) | AT341851B (en) |
BE (1) | BE842605A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1066654A (en) |
CH (1) | CH619987A5 (en) |
DD (1) | DD125085A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2525264C2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK152594C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2313467A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1553265A (en) |
IE (1) | IE43115B1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1078803B (en) |
LU (1) | LU75073A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL7605734A (en) |
SE (1) | SE7606272L (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4113583A (en) * | 1976-04-27 | 1978-09-12 | Dipsol Chemical Company, Ltd. | Method for brightening the electrodeposits of zinc from alkaline zinc electroplating baths |
US4166778A (en) * | 1978-05-17 | 1979-09-04 | Simeon Acimovic | Cyanide-free alkaline zinc baths |
US4169771A (en) * | 1978-04-20 | 1979-10-02 | Oxy Metal Industries Corporation | Ductile bright zinc electroplating bath and process and additive therefor |
EP0037634A1 (en) * | 1980-02-28 | 1981-10-14 | Albright & Wilson Limited | Zinc plating baths and additives therefor |
US4397717A (en) * | 1981-02-10 | 1983-08-09 | Elektro-Brite Gmbh & Co. Kg. | Alkaline zinc electroplating bath with or without cyanide content |
US4536261A (en) * | 1984-08-07 | 1985-08-20 | Francine Popescu | Alkaline bath for the electrodeposition of bright zinc |
US4730022A (en) * | 1987-03-06 | 1988-03-08 | Mcgean-Rohco, Inc. | Polymer compositions and alkaline zinc electroplating baths |
US6143160A (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2000-11-07 | Pavco, Inc. | Method for improving the macro throwing power for chloride zinc electroplating baths |
US20110220512A1 (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-15 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Plating bath and method |
US20110220514A1 (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-15 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Plating bath and method |
US20110220513A1 (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-15 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Plating bath and method |
US8747643B2 (en) | 2011-08-22 | 2014-06-10 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Plating bath and method |
US9322107B2 (en) | 2009-09-08 | 2016-04-26 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Polymers having terminal amino groups and use thereof as additives for zinc and zinc alloy electrodeposition baths |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19509713C1 (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 1996-08-22 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Aq. alkaline cyanide free bright zinc@ or alloy electroplating bath |
DE19840019C1 (en) | 1998-09-02 | 2000-03-16 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Aqueous alkaline cyanide-free bath for the electrodeposition of zinc or zinc alloy coatings and method |
DE102011116764A1 (en) | 2011-10-22 | 2013-04-25 | Gonzalo Urrutia Desmaison | New cationic polymer comprising polycationic section and uncharged water-soluble section obtained by polycondensing amine or heteroaryl with epihalohydrin in water and reacting with polyol, useful e.g. as additives in galvanic copper baths |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU307115A1 (en) * | Ю. Ю. Матулис , С. С. Якобсон Институт химии , химической технологии Литовской ССР | Alkaline electrolyte zincing | ||
US3954575A (en) * | 1972-11-10 | 1976-05-04 | Dipsol Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Zinc electroplating |
US3974045A (en) * | 1973-12-10 | 1976-08-10 | Dipsol Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Method for electroplating bright zinc |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5332344B2 (en) * | 1972-11-10 | 1978-09-07 | ||
US3884774A (en) * | 1973-02-01 | 1975-05-20 | Lea Ronal Inc | Electrolytic deposition of zinc |
-
1975
- 1975-06-04 DE DE2525264A patent/DE2525264C2/en not_active Expired
-
1976
- 1976-05-24 IT IT23539/76A patent/IT1078803B/en active
- 1976-05-27 GB GB22083/76A patent/GB1553265A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-05-28 NL NL7605734A patent/NL7605734A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-05-31 DD DD193102A patent/DD125085A5/xx unknown
- 1976-06-01 CH CH689576A patent/CH619987A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-06-01 US US05/691,625 patent/US4045306A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1976-06-02 AT AT404476A patent/AT341851B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-06-02 IE IE1176/76A patent/IE43115B1/en unknown
- 1976-06-03 CA CA254,019A patent/CA1066654A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-06-03 SE SE7606272A patent/SE7606272L/en unknown
- 1976-06-03 LU LU75073A patent/LU75073A1/xx unknown
- 1976-06-04 BE BE167632A patent/BE842605A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-06-04 FR FR7616963A patent/FR2313467A1/en active Granted
- 1976-06-04 DK DK247276A patent/DK152594C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU307115A1 (en) * | Ю. Ю. Матулис , С. С. Якобсон Институт химии , химической технологии Литовской ССР | Alkaline electrolyte zincing | ||
US3954575A (en) * | 1972-11-10 | 1976-05-04 | Dipsol Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Zinc electroplating |
US3974045A (en) * | 1973-12-10 | 1976-08-10 | Dipsol Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Method for electroplating bright zinc |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4113583A (en) * | 1976-04-27 | 1978-09-12 | Dipsol Chemical Company, Ltd. | Method for brightening the electrodeposits of zinc from alkaline zinc electroplating baths |
US4169771A (en) * | 1978-04-20 | 1979-10-02 | Oxy Metal Industries Corporation | Ductile bright zinc electroplating bath and process and additive therefor |
FR2423557A1 (en) * | 1978-04-20 | 1979-11-16 | Oxy Metal Industries Corp | BRILLIANT ZINC ELECTROLYTIC DEPOSIT PROCESS AND BATHS USING AN ALKYL CONDENSING POLYMER AS A GLOSSY AGENT |
US4166778A (en) * | 1978-05-17 | 1979-09-04 | Simeon Acimovic | Cyanide-free alkaline zinc baths |
EP0037634A1 (en) * | 1980-02-28 | 1981-10-14 | Albright & Wilson Limited | Zinc plating baths and additives therefor |
US4397717A (en) * | 1981-02-10 | 1983-08-09 | Elektro-Brite Gmbh & Co. Kg. | Alkaline zinc electroplating bath with or without cyanide content |
US4536261A (en) * | 1984-08-07 | 1985-08-20 | Francine Popescu | Alkaline bath for the electrodeposition of bright zinc |
US4730022A (en) * | 1987-03-06 | 1988-03-08 | Mcgean-Rohco, Inc. | Polymer compositions and alkaline zinc electroplating baths |
US6143160A (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2000-11-07 | Pavco, Inc. | Method for improving the macro throwing power for chloride zinc electroplating baths |
US9322107B2 (en) | 2009-09-08 | 2016-04-26 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Polymers having terminal amino groups and use thereof as additives for zinc and zinc alloy electrodeposition baths |
US20110220512A1 (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-15 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Plating bath and method |
US20110220514A1 (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-15 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Plating bath and method |
US20110220513A1 (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-15 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Plating bath and method |
US8262895B2 (en) | 2010-03-15 | 2012-09-11 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Plating bath and method |
US8268158B2 (en) | 2010-03-15 | 2012-09-18 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Plating bath and method |
US8268157B2 (en) | 2010-03-15 | 2012-09-18 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Plating bath and method |
US8747643B2 (en) | 2011-08-22 | 2014-06-10 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Plating bath and method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH619987A5 (en) | 1980-10-31 |
DK152594B (en) | 1988-03-21 |
DK247276A (en) | 1976-12-05 |
LU75073A1 (en) | 1977-01-21 |
NL7605734A (en) | 1976-12-07 |
BE842605A (en) | 1976-12-06 |
GB1553265A (en) | 1979-09-26 |
DE2525264A1 (en) | 1976-12-23 |
IE43115L (en) | 1976-12-04 |
FR2313467A1 (en) | 1976-12-31 |
DK152594C (en) | 1988-09-12 |
IE43115B1 (en) | 1980-12-17 |
SE7606272L (en) | 1976-12-05 |
DD125085A5 (en) | 1977-03-30 |
AT341851B (en) | 1978-03-10 |
ATA404476A (en) | 1977-06-15 |
CA1066654A (en) | 1979-11-20 |
FR2313467B1 (en) | 1980-01-25 |
IT1078803B (en) | 1985-05-08 |
DE2525264C2 (en) | 1984-02-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4045306A (en) | Electroplating zinc and bath therefor | |
US4948474A (en) | Copper electroplating solutions and methods | |
US4134802A (en) | Electrolyte and method for electrodepositing bright metal deposits | |
US5405523A (en) | Zinc alloy plating with quaternary ammonium polymer | |
CA1115654A (en) | Bright tin-lead alloy plating | |
US3677909A (en) | Palladium-nickel alloy plating bath | |
US20100236936A1 (en) | Aqueous,alkaline,cyanide-free bath for the galvanic deposition of zinc and zinc alloy coatings | |
JPH0340113B2 (en) | ||
KR900005845B1 (en) | Zinc-nickel alloy electrolyte and process | |
US3972789A (en) | Alkaline bright zinc plating and additive composition therefore | |
JPS6144959B2 (en) | ||
US4251331A (en) | Baths and additives for the electroplating of bright zinc | |
US4730022A (en) | Polymer compositions and alkaline zinc electroplating baths | |
US3729394A (en) | Composition and method for electrodeposition of zinc | |
US4786746A (en) | Copper electroplating solutions and methods of making and using them | |
US4113583A (en) | Method for brightening the electrodeposits of zinc from alkaline zinc electroplating baths | |
US3734839A (en) | Alkaline cyanide zinc electroplating | |
US3891520A (en) | Acid, galvanic zinc bath | |
DE2914866C2 (en) | Brightener for aqueous galvanic zinc baths | |
CA1075695A (en) | Alkaline zinc electroplating baths and additive compositions therefor | |
US3988219A (en) | Baths and additives for the electrodeposition of bright zinc | |
US4450051A (en) | Bright nickel-iron alloy electroplating bath and process | |
US5264112A (en) | Acidic nickel baths containing 1-(2-sulfoethyl)-pyridiniumbetaine | |
US4366036A (en) | Additive and alkaline zinc electroplating bath and process using same | |
US3841982A (en) | Method to improve the brightness of zinc from an alkaline zincate electrodeposition bath |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ATOTECH DEUTSCHLAND GMH, GERMANY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SCHERING AG;REEL/FRAME:006839/0511 Effective date: 19931210 |