US3988422A - Method of treating converter gas - Google Patents

Method of treating converter gas Download PDF

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Publication number
US3988422A
US3988422A US05/512,606 US51260674A US3988422A US 3988422 A US3988422 A US 3988422A US 51260674 A US51260674 A US 51260674A US 3988422 A US3988422 A US 3988422A
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Prior art keywords
carbonate
calcium
solution
gas
water
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US05/512,606
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Berthold Kruger
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Gottfried Bischoff Bau Kompl Gasreinigungs und Wasserrueckkehlanlagen GmbH and Co KG
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Gottfried Bischoff Bau Kompl Gasreinigungs und Wasserrueckkehlanlagen GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of removing particles from gas. More particularly this invention concerns a system for scrubbing waste converter gas.
  • Another object is the provision of an improved system for cleaning waste converter or stack gases.
  • Yet another object is to provide such a system wherein the formation of deposits in the wash-water circulating system is avoided.
  • the gas is a converter waste gas, e.g. derived from a Bessemer, Thomas or other converter
  • it generally will contain sufficient levels of CO 2 so that at least part of the carbonate or hydrogen carbonate ion level can be maintained by solubilization of this gas component.
  • a CO 2 -solubilizing quantity of an alkali metal (Na, K, Li) in the recirculated solution is maintained.
  • an alkali metal Na, K, Li
  • alkali salts are used in the form of carbonates and/or hydrogen carbonates or alkali-hydroxides as additives to the wash-water in a system for removing particles, in particular calcium-oxide particles, from gases containing carbon dioxide. After separation of the solid particles from the water by means of sedimentation and decantation and after the addition of fresh water to the wash water in order to replace that quantity lost, the wash water and the additive are recycled so as to inhibit the dissolving of the calcium from the calcium-oxide particles.
  • soda Na 2 CO 3
  • soda Na 2 CO 3
  • the invention is based on the fact that the calcium oxide on the surface of the calcium-oxide particles becomes calcium hydroxide relatively slowly and that the thus formed calcium hydroxide, before it is dissolved in the water, is transformed by the carbon dioxide dissolved in the water into calcium carbonate. In this manner there is formed on the calcium-oxide particles a virtually inactive coating which completely eliminates any further reaction between the calcium oxide and the water or the calcium hydroxide with the carbon dioxide. Dissolved calcium thus is no longer present in the recycled wash water, as the inactivated calcium-oxide particles are readily and easily moved by the settling and decantation step.
  • the lye or hydroxide ions formed by the reaction of the carbonate with the calcium hydroxide on the surface of the calcium-oxide particles react with the carbon dioxide in the waste gas to form soluble carbonates or hydrogen carbonates (bicarbonates).
  • soluble carbonates or hydrogen carbonates (bicarbonates).
  • FIG. 1 is a largely schematic view illustrating the system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a large-scale view of a calcium-oxide particle illustrating the principles of the present invention.
  • a converter gas containing calcium-oxide particles and carbon dioxide is passed upwardly through a scrubbing tower 1 as described in commonly assigned patent application Ser. No. 269,773 filed July 7, 1973 by G. HAUSBERG et al (now U.S. Pat. No. 3,906,078).
  • Aqueous sodium carbonate is used as the scrubbing liquid so as to react with the calcium oxide particles and the carbon dioxide in the converter gas to form a solution and suspension that is settled, the liquid being decanted, at 2.
  • the calcium oxide on the surface of a calcium-oxide particle 3 is converted relatively slowly into calcium hydroxide and which, before it is dissolved in the water, reacts with the carbonate dissolved in the water to form calcium carbonate.
  • a coating 4 of calcium carbonate is formed on each of the particles 3 so as to prohibit further reaction of the calcium oxide with the water or of calcium hydroxide with the carbon dioxide.
  • the system is dosed at 5 with a quantity of carbonate equal to the difference between the amount of carbonate lost at the elutriation step and the newly formed carbonate.
  • Caustic soda (NaOH) is added at 6 instead of sodium carbonate to treat the gas with a very high carbon dioxide content.
  • the necessary carbonate concentration in the wash water depends on the amount of time the water contacts the gas in the scrubbing tower 1, on the carbon-dioxide content of the gas, and on the quantity and particle size of the calcium-oxide particles in the gas. In accordance with the present invention between 0.2 and 2 g/l, preferably between 0.4 and 1 g/l of carbonate is used in the wash water. It is also within the scope of this invention to use alkali hydroxide rather than an alkali carbonate according to the carbon-dioxide concentration in the gas. Such an alkali hydroxide in one pass through the washer 1 reacts with the carbon dioxide to form carbonates.
  • the method according to the present invention can be used with the addition of very little fresh water so that it is indeed a closed system.
  • a relatively small quantity of the additives is also necessary so that the entire operation is relatively inexpensive.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Separation Of Particles Using Liquids (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)

Abstract

Sodium carbonate is added to water used to scrub converter gases so that calcium-oxide particles in the gas react with the aqueous sodium carbonate and a thin inactive film of calcium carbonate is formed on the calcium-oxide particles, using carbon dioxide in the gas for the reaction. The coated particles are then separated from the wash water by settling and sedimentation and the wash water is recycled with the addition of more sodium carbonate and water.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of removing particles from gas. More particularly this invention concerns a system for scrubbing waste converter gas.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the scrubbing of converter gases containing calcium-oxide particles and carbon dioxide with water it is a standard practice to recirculate the scrubbing water and then to settle out the particles, decanting and recycling the liquid. Fresh water is added to the wash water to make up losses.
A particular problem with such arrangements is that dust particles and calcium deposit in the water-recirculating system. These deposits are a result of the fact that the calcium-oxide particles picked up by the wash water form soluble calcium hydroxide which dissolves. The calcium ion combines with the carbon dioxide in the water to form insoluble calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
It has been attempted to avoid these deposits by adding products to the water which ensure the precipitation of the dissolved calcium in the form of insoluble calcium compounds prior to recirculation. The additives necessary to accomplish this are relatively expensive and must be used in relatively large quantities, i.e., at least stoichiometrically equivalent to the calcium content of the gas treated. Approximately 75% of the wash water must be replaced with fresh water in conventional systems. Obviously such a system leads to further difficulties in the disposal of the contaminated wash water and the supply of the necessary large quantities of fresh water.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved method of scrubbing particle-containing (e.g. metallurgical converter) gases.
Another object is the provision of an improved system for cleaning waste converter or stack gases.
Yet another object is to provide such a system wherein the formation of deposits in the wash-water circulating system is avoided.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention resides in scrubbing a gas containing calcium-oxide particles with an aqueous solution of the carbonate ion (CO3 =) or the hydrogen carbonate ion (HCO3 -) prior to any substantial solubilization of the calcium oxide to form an insoluble calcium-carbonate sheath on the particles, collecting the calcium-carbonate-coated particles of calcium oxide in the aqueous solution, settling the coated particles from the solution and recirculating it to scrub additional quantities of the gas after replenishing the carbonate or hydrogen carbonate ion content.
Where the gas is a converter waste gas, e.g. derived from a Bessemer, Thomas or other converter, it generally will contain sufficient levels of CO2 so that at least part of the carbonate or hydrogen carbonate ion level can be maintained by solubilization of this gas component. To this end there is maintained a CO2 -solubilizing quantity of an alkali metal (Na, K, Li) in the recirculated solution. Most generally, however, small additions of these alkali-metal carbonates or hydrogen carbonates will be required.
According to the present invention alkali salts are used in the form of carbonates and/or hydrogen carbonates or alkali-hydroxides as additives to the wash-water in a system for removing particles, in particular calcium-oxide particles, from gases containing carbon dioxide. After separation of the solid particles from the water by means of sedimentation and decantation and after the addition of fresh water to the wash water in order to replace that quantity lost, the wash water and the additive are recycled so as to inhibit the dissolving of the calcium from the calcium-oxide particles.
According to a particular feature of this invention soda (Na2 CO3) is used as the additive.
The invention is based on the fact that the calcium oxide on the surface of the calcium-oxide particles becomes calcium hydroxide relatively slowly and that the thus formed calcium hydroxide, before it is dissolved in the water, is transformed by the carbon dioxide dissolved in the water into calcium carbonate. In this manner there is formed on the calcium-oxide particles a virtually inactive coating which completely eliminates any further reaction between the calcium oxide and the water or the calcium hydroxide with the carbon dioxide. Dissolved calcium thus is no longer present in the recycled wash water, as the inactivated calcium-oxide particles are readily and easily moved by the settling and decantation step. The lye or hydroxide ions formed by the reaction of the carbonate with the calcium hydroxide on the surface of the calcium-oxide particles react with the carbon dioxide in the waste gas to form soluble carbonates or hydrogen carbonates (bicarbonates). Thus it is necessary to dose the circulating wash water with a quantity of carbonate which is equal to the difference between the elutriated carbonate quantity and the newly formed carbonate quantity. Thus the additive according to the present invention is self-regenerating.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The above and other objects, features and advantages will become more readily apparent from the following description reference being made to the accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a largely schematic view illustrating the system according to the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a large-scale view of a calcium-oxide particle illustrating the principles of the present invention.
SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION
As shown in FIG. 1 a converter gas containing calcium-oxide particles and carbon dioxide is passed upwardly through a scrubbing tower 1 as described in commonly assigned patent application Ser. No. 269,773 filed July 7, 1973 by G. HAUSBERG et al (now U.S. Pat. No. 3,906,078).
Aqueous sodium carbonate is used as the scrubbing liquid so as to react with the calcium oxide particles and the carbon dioxide in the converter gas to form a solution and suspension that is settled, the liquid being decanted, at 2. As is shown in FIG. 2 the calcium oxide on the surface of a calcium-oxide particle 3 is converted relatively slowly into calcium hydroxide and which, before it is dissolved in the water, reacts with the carbonate dissolved in the water to form calcium carbonate. Thus a coating 4 of calcium carbonate is formed on each of the particles 3 so as to prohibit further reaction of the calcium oxide with the water or of calcium hydroxide with the carbon dioxide. Thus calcium ions themselves are not present in the wash water and the inactive calcium-oxide particles are readily removed at the elutriation step shown at 2.
The system is dosed at 5 with a quantity of carbonate equal to the difference between the amount of carbonate lost at the elutriation step and the newly formed carbonate. Caustic soda (NaOH) is added at 6 instead of sodium carbonate to treat the gas with a very high carbon dioxide content.
The necessary carbonate concentration in the wash water depends on the amount of time the water contacts the gas in the scrubbing tower 1, on the carbon-dioxide content of the gas, and on the quantity and particle size of the calcium-oxide particles in the gas. In accordance with the present invention between 0.2 and 2 g/l, preferably between 0.4 and 1 g/l of carbonate is used in the wash water. It is also within the scope of this invention to use alkali hydroxide rather than an alkali carbonate according to the carbon-dioxide concentration in the gas. Such an alkali hydroxide in one pass through the washer 1 reacts with the carbon dioxide to form carbonates.
The method according to the present invention can be used with the addition of very little fresh water so that it is indeed a closed system. In addition a relatively small quantity of the additives is also necessary so that the entire operation is relatively inexpensive.
SPECIFIC EXAMPLE
When the system according to the present invention is used with the prior-art method and an overall water volume of 5500 m3 and a throughflow in the washer 1 of 1040 m3 /h, it is necessary to add to the circulating system 800 m3 /h, of fresh water so as to replace 80 m3 /h water lost through evaporation and 720 m3 /h which is drawn off at the separation step to prevent the forming of deposits in the system.
Using the same overall water volume and the same throughflow in the washer 1, but adding to the fresh water in the system 5500 kg of soda, thus at a concentration of 1 kg/m3, it was possible to conduct the operation with loss of only 80 m3 /h of the water at the elutriation step. This, added to the inevitable evaporation of 80 m3 /h means that only 160 m3 /h fresh water was necessary. In addition to this it was necessary to add 105 kg/h of the soda to the system, in which case there were absolutely no deposits in the system.
Thus in accordance with the present invention it is possible to save 640 m3 /h of fresh water by using 105 kg/h of soda. Since one kilogram of soda costs approximately as much as 1 m3 of fresh water the system according to the present invention is clearly much less expensive to run than the prior-art system.

Claims (4)

I claim:
1. A method of treating a gas containing calcium-oxide particles, said method comprising the steps of:
scrubbing said gas with a liquid consisting essentially of an aqueous solution of alkali-metal carbonate or alkali-metal hydrogen carbonate to form an insoluble carbonate sheath on said particles prior to the solubilization of calcium ion therefrom and entraining the resulting calcium-carbonate coated particles with the solution;
separating the entrained particles from said solution by settling and decantation of the solution;
thereafter adding water to said solution and replenishing the carbonate or hydrogen carbonate concentration thereof to form a regenerated solution; and
thereafter scrubbing additional quantities of said gas with said regenerated solution.
2. The method defined in claim 1 wherein said gas is a converter gas containing carbon dioxide in addition to said particles, and said solution is regenerated by adding an alkali metal carbonate, hydrogen carbonate or hydroxide to the solution.
3. The method defined in claim 2 wherein soda is used as said carbonate in a concentration between 0.2 g/l and 2 g/l.
4. The method defined in claim 3 wherein said soda is employed in a concentration of between 0.4 g/l and 1 g/l.
US05/512,606 1973-10-11 1974-10-07 Method of treating converter gas Expired - Lifetime US3988422A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2350956A DE2350956B1 (en) 1973-10-11 1973-10-11 Use of alkali salts as additives to washing water circuits for the wet dedusting of gases
DT2350956 1973-10-11

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US (1) US3988422A (en)
JP (1) JPS548543B2 (en)
AT (1) AT354994B (en)
BE (1) BE820685A (en)
CA (1) CA1027337A (en)
CS (1) CS176285B2 (en)
DE (1) DE2350956B1 (en)
FR (1) FR2247271B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1429399A (en)
IT (1) IT1022697B (en)
LU (1) LU71081A1 (en)
NL (1) NL164211C (en)
PL (1) PL91765B1 (en)
RO (1) RO65892A (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000010691A1 (en) * 1998-08-18 2000-03-02 United States Department Of Energy Method and apparatus for extracting and sequestering carbon dioxide
CN1055760C (en) * 1993-03-08 2000-08-23 巴雷舍夫·阿纳托利·菲利波维奇 Locking mechanism of gun
US6866702B2 (en) * 2003-01-29 2005-03-15 International Environmental Conservative Association, Inc. Device for absorbing carbon dioxide, and a method for absorbing carbon dioxide
US7914758B2 (en) 2008-11-19 2011-03-29 Murray Kenneth D Captured CO2 from atmospheric, industrial and vehicle combustion waste

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5520646A (en) * 1978-07-31 1980-02-14 Nippon Steel Corp Preventing method of scale deposition of exhaust gas system and dust collecting water system of steel making furnace
JPH0651090B2 (en) * 1986-08-26 1994-07-06 川崎製鉄株式会社 Method of reducing water content in sludge

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1377363A (en) * 1918-07-05 1921-05-10 Int Precipitation Co Method of recovering water-soluble material from furnace-gases
US2692815A (en) * 1949-10-10 1954-10-26 Knapsack Ag Process for removing an alkalineearth metal compound dust

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1377363A (en) * 1918-07-05 1921-05-10 Int Precipitation Co Method of recovering water-soluble material from furnace-gases
US2692815A (en) * 1949-10-10 1954-10-26 Knapsack Ag Process for removing an alkalineearth metal compound dust

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1055760C (en) * 1993-03-08 2000-08-23 巴雷舍夫·阿纳托利·菲利波维奇 Locking mechanism of gun
WO2000010691A1 (en) * 1998-08-18 2000-03-02 United States Department Of Energy Method and apparatus for extracting and sequestering carbon dioxide
US20010022952A1 (en) * 1998-08-18 2001-09-20 Rau Gregory H. Method and apparatus for extracting and sequestering carbon dioxide
US6890497B2 (en) 1998-08-18 2005-05-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Method for extracting and sequestering carbon dioxide
US6866702B2 (en) * 2003-01-29 2005-03-15 International Environmental Conservative Association, Inc. Device for absorbing carbon dioxide, and a method for absorbing carbon dioxide
US7914758B2 (en) 2008-11-19 2011-03-29 Murray Kenneth D Captured CO2 from atmospheric, industrial and vehicle combustion waste

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Publication number Publication date
NL164211C (en) 1980-12-15
FR2247271A1 (en) 1975-05-09
AT354994B (en) 1980-02-11
FR2247271B1 (en) 1980-08-29
RO65892A (en) 1979-01-15
ATA812874A (en) 1979-07-15
LU71081A1 (en) 1975-04-17
CS176285B2 (en) 1977-06-30
IT1022697B (en) 1978-04-20
NL7412849A (en) 1975-04-15
PL91765B1 (en) 1977-03-31
JPS548543B2 (en) 1979-04-17
CA1027337A (en) 1978-03-07
BE820685A (en) 1975-02-03
DE2350956B1 (en) 1974-05-16
AU7409374A (en) 1976-04-15
JPS5078566A (en) 1975-06-26
NL164211B (en) 1980-07-15
GB1429399A (en) 1976-03-24

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