US3902840A - Dilution burner - Google Patents

Dilution burner Download PDF

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Publication number
US3902840A
US3902840A US338468A US33846873A US3902840A US 3902840 A US3902840 A US 3902840A US 338468 A US338468 A US 338468A US 33846873 A US33846873 A US 33846873A US 3902840 A US3902840 A US 3902840A
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United States
Prior art keywords
injector
pipe
fuel
separate
valve
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Expired - Lifetime
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US338468A
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English (en)
Inventor
Paul Baguet
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D'ETUDES ET DE PARTICIPATIONS INDUSTRIELLES Cie
PARTICIPATIONS IND COMP D ET
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PARTICIPATIONS IND COMP D ET
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a dilution burner comprising in succession at least one ejector fora fuel gas and a comburent gas, a combustion chamber wherein terminates suchinjector, a dilution chamber wherein diluting gases are added to the gases leaving the combustion chamber, and'a terminal element comprising an outlet opening through which the gases, both those originating from the combustion chamber and the dilution gases, enter the furnace whereon is mounted the burner.
  • dilution burner a burner wherein air or waste gases are added to the gas issuing from the burners.
  • the burner comprises at least two separate injectors of different injection cross-sections, opening into the entry of the combustion chamber, means being provided in order that, when the injection flow of gas in the combustion chamber drops below a value preset in terms of the minimum speed of the gases needed at the outlet of the injectors in order to prevent a flash back, the injector with the largest cross-section shall be cut out of service, the supply of the combustion chamberbeing then solely carried out by the injector with. the smallest cross-section.
  • At least one delivery pipe for the dilution gases ends in the said dilution chamber, means being provided to adjust the flow of this dilution gas in such pipe independently of the kinetic energy of the combustion gases crossing the-dilution chamber.
  • FIG. I shows a diagrammatic elevational sectional view along line Il in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. shows a sectional view along line IIII in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 shows an elevational sectional view of a detail of the burner shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows a diagrammatic view of an assembly of burners of the type shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and of pipes supplying these burners with a mixture of fuel gas comburent gas prepared beforehand.
  • the dilution burner shown in FIGS. 1' and 2 comprises in succession two concentric injectors l and 2, a combustion chamber 3 wherein end these injectors, a dilution chamber 4, wherein dilution gases are added to the gases leaving the combustion chamber 3, and a terminal element 5 provided with a central outlet opening 6 through which the gases originating from the combustion chamber 3 and mixed with the dilution gases enter the furnace, not shown in the Figures, whereon is mounted the burner.
  • the burner comprises mainly an outer casing 7 of prismatic shape and a cylinder 8 inscribed within such prism and determining externally the combustion chamber 3. Both such the casing 7 and the cylinder 8 are produced from ceramic material.
  • the casing 7 is of square internal cross-section, so that between such casing and the external periphery of the combustion chamber 3 are formed four longitudinal ducts 9 of whichone end terminates in the dilution chamber 4. The other end of the ducts 9 terminates in an admission chamber 10 for air or another dilution gas extending around the injectors l and 2.
  • the depression in the chamber 4 also draws, through channels 12 passing right through the terminal element ,5 and extending. ring-like around the central opening 6, waste gases positioned inside the furnace. These gases drawn from the furnace are admixed with the waste gases leaving the combustion chamber 3 and are drawn by the latter, thanks to their considerable kinetic energy, through the opening 6 back again into the furnace.
  • the burner according to the invention is thus, because of this phenomenon, self'diluent under these conditions.
  • air or other diluting gases such as waste gases are introduced in the 'dilution' chamber 4 by the ducts 9, such air or other diluting gas is drawn in part by the stream'of waste gases leaving the combustion chamber 3 in order to be thus admitted through the opening 6 inside the furnace; the otherportion ,of the air or of such dilution gases leaves'through the channels 12 provided in the terminal element 5 in order to be drawn by the stream escaping from the opening 6 so as to provide an additional dilution of the waste gases leaving the combustion chamber 3. Under these conditions-the burner is likewise diluted, and there exists thus a double dilution.
  • the temperatureof such stream is determined, for a given flow of dilution gas, by the flow of the burner.
  • the dilution burner according to the invention thus ejects at its outlet opening 6 provided in the element a stream of gas which is stable, diluted, and towhich is imparted a high velocity, the latter resulting from the narrowness of the opening, from the considerable volume of waste gases, caused by the. high temperature ruling inside the combustion chamber, and from the addition of dilution gas.
  • a mixing-measuring valve not shown in the FIGS. 1 and 2, to which lead a duct for comburent gas and a fuel gas delivery pipe is mounted upstream of each injector l and 2 in such a manner that the latter shall be supplied with a fuel mixed with a comburent beforehand.
  • the selection of the volume of comburent gas fuel gas mixture admitted by means of the said valve inside the injectors l and 2 controls the calorific flow of the burner, while the adjustment of the quantity of dilution gas, admitted by the channels 9 to the dilution chamber, controls the temperatureand the volume of the gases ejected by the burner through the opening 6.
  • the quantity of dilution gas admitted by the channels 9 can be adjusted, for example, by a manually controlled valve 38 located in the pipe 39 leading to the admission chamber 10. It is also possible, in the case of specific uses, to adjust right away the temperature of the dilution gases admitted to the dilution chamber 4 through the ducts 9.
  • the limits of adjustment of the calorific output are dependent on the characteristics of the injectors, of the maximum feed pressure and of the minimum feed pressure of the latter.
  • the upper control limits of the dilution gas flow are set by the feed pressure.
  • the lower limits they are practically nil, as all the components making up the burner are of fire-proof material of suitable quality and able to resist the release of heat, by conductivity, of the combustion chamber.
  • the burner comprises a double injector or two injectors as already mentioned above, in order that the reduced flow may only be admitted by,-a reduced sec- I tion of injection.
  • the two injectors or the double injector comprise two coaxial ducts.
  • the two injectors l and 2 have different injection cross-sections, the injector 1 having the larger section.
  • Means are provided in order that, when the injection flow of the gases into the combustion chamber drops below a value preset in terms of the minimum speed of the gases needed at the outlet of the injectors to prevent a flash back, the injector 1 with the larger crosssection, shall be cut out of service, the supply of the combustion chamber being then solely carried out by i the injector 2 having the smaller injection section.
  • the said means comprise automatic valves 13 and 14 mounted on the feed. pipe 15 of the injector l and on the feed pipe 16 of the injector 2, respectively.
  • ' l3 and 14 are controlled in terms of the pressure present in the pipes 15 and 16 downstream of these valves. This pressure is measured by the gauges l7 and 18 provided in the said pipes 15 and 16 respectively, downstream of the valves 13 and 14.
  • valve 13 closes and the burner is solely supplied through the injector 2.
  • the purpose of the valve 14 will be obvious from the subsequent explanation of the purpose of the valves 26 and 28.
  • the composition of such mixture flowing in the pipe 15 may be modified before closing the valve 13 in order that such composition shall fall outside the limits of combustion of the said mixture.
  • FIG. 4 A particular embodiment of the invention making it possible to implement such modification of composition is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the injectors 1 and2 are separately fed by means of mixing-measuring valves 23 and 24 of a type suitable to assure a constant fuel gas comburent gas ratio for all flows.
  • Theequipment illustrated in FIG. 4 comprises a common pipe 19 for the two injectors l and 2 supplying the comburent gas, particularly the combustion air, to these injectors.
  • a main valve 20, motor driven or otherwise, is provided in this pipe 19, such valve permitting the adjustment of the flow of the burners, mounted in parallel, according to the calorific output required.
  • This common pipe 19 is forked downstream of the valve 20 in order to provide two separate pipes 15 and 16 for the two injectors l and 2.
  • a tubing 21 and a tubing 22 for supplying the fuel gas are led off each of these separate pipes 15 and 16 respectively by means of mixing-measuring valves 23 and 24 respectively for these two gases.
  • Intermediate valves 25 and 26 are provided for each of these separate pipes 15 and 16 respectively upstream of the mixing-measuring valves 23 and 24.
  • pressure gauges 17 and 18 are mounted in each of these separate pipes 15 and 16 downstream of the valves 23 and 24.
  • the pressure gauge 17 actuates the valves 25 and 27, and the pressure gauge 18 actuates the valves 26 and 28.
  • the separate pipes terminate at each one of the injectors 1 and 2 of each burner and feed the latter with a mixture of fuel gas and comburent gas in preset quantities.
  • valve 27 (which may, for example, be a magnetic valve) is closed by the motor 31, causing a depletion of fuel gas in the feed pipe 15. Subsequently valve 25 is closed by motor 33, stopping any flow in the pipe 15 supplying the injector l.
  • the time lag between the closure of valve 27 and that of valve may be controlled by a time relay according to the nature of the fuel gas in order that the gaseous mixture, remaining in the pipe 15, shall not be inflamed.
  • the calorific fiow is then solely supplied by the injector 2.
  • valve 25 opens again.
  • valve 27 opens and injector 1 is cut in again for service.
  • a contactor 37 actuated by the gauge 18, causes the closure of valve 28 via a motor 32.
  • the main valve 20 or the valve 26 may then be closed by a motor 34 without any flash back arising asthe gaseous mixture has been sufficiently depletedin the pipe 16.
  • the thermal output of the burner according to the invention may be adjusted within very wide limits without risk of a flash back. It is, indeed, possible to select the outlet cross-sections of the injectors 1 and 2 taking the rate of combustion of the fuel gas used into account.
  • the ratio of the comburent gas fuel gas mixture supplied to all the burners of the same run remains constant when the flow of the run considered varies.
  • r. means for controlling said valves with reference to the pressure ruling in said first and second separate pipes downstream of said first and second mixingmeasuring valves such that: I i. when the pressure in either of said first and second separate pipes drops below a value preset in terms of the minimum speed of the gases needed at the outlets of said injectors to prevent a flashback, said second means is first caused to close and, subsequently, said first means is caused to close, the time lag occurring between these two closures being calculated so that the composition of the fuel-comburent mixture remaining in said second feed pipe and the portion of said second separate pipe downstream of said second mixingmeasuring valve is sufficiently depleted of fuel, prior to cutting said second injector out of service, to prevent the burning of the mixture; ii.
  • a second injector having a larger cross-section than and being coaxial to said first injector, said second injector being separate from and independent of said first injector but likewise opening into the entry of said combustion chamber;
  • said second means is first caused to close 8 land, subseque'ntly, said first means is caused to closejthe tirne lag occurring between these two closures being calculated so that the composition of the fuel-comburent mixture remaining in said second feed pipeand the portion of'said second separate pipe downstream of said second mixingmeasuring valve is sufficiently depleted of fuel, 'prior to cutting said second injector out of service, to prevent the burning of the mixture;
  • said'first means is first opened and, subsequently, said second means is opened when the pressure ruling in said second separate pipe-exceeds said preset value
  • said second intermediate valve when said second injector has been cut out of service and the velocity of the gases at the outlet of said first injector is less than the velocity required to prevent afiashback, said second intermediate valve is first closed, and subsequently, .said first intermediate valve is also closed, thus cutting said first injector out of service.
  • a dilution burner comprising:
  • a second injector having a smaller cross-section than and being coaxial to said first injector, said second injector likewise opening into the entry of said combustion chamber but said second injector being separate from. and independent of said first injector,
  • a dilution burner comprising:
  • a first injector for a mixture of a fuel gas and a comburent gas said first injector opening into the entry of said combustion chamber
  • a second injector for a mixture of a fuel gas and a comburent gas, said second injector likewise opening into the entry of said combustion chamber but said second injector beingseparat'e from and independent of said first injector;
  • a burner comprising at least two separate independent injectors of different injection cross-sections opening to one another mounted into the entry of a same combustion chamber and a mixing measuring valve to which lead a feed duct for cumburent gas and a fuel gas delivery pipe being mounted upstream of each injector in such a manner that each injector is supplied with a fuel mixed with a comburent beforehand, means being provided, so that, when regulating the gas output the injection speed decreases, just before the injection speed of gas into the combustion chamber drops below a value preset in terms of the minimum speed of the gas needed at the outlet in the injectors in order to prevent a flashback, the injector with the larger or largest cross-section is automatically cut out of service, the supply of the combustion chamber being then solely carried out by the remaining injector or injectors, said means comprising automatic valves mounted in feed pipes leading to each of the injectors, the opening and closure of which are controlled in terms of the pressure ruling in the pipe, downstream of such valves.
  • a burner comprising at least two separate independent injectors of different injection cross-sections opening to one another mounted into the entry of a same combustion chamber and a mixing measuring valve to which lead a feed duct for cumburent gas and a fuel gas delivery pipe being mounted upstream of each injector in such a manner that each injector is supplied with a fuel mixed with a comburentbeforehand, means being provided, so that, when regulating the gas output the injection speed decreases, just before the injection speed of gas into the combustion chamber drops below a value preset in terms of the minimum speed of the gas needed at the outlet in the injectors in.
  • the injector with the larger or largest cross-section is automatically cutout of service, the supply of the combustion chamber being then solely carried out by the remaining injector or injectors, and further comprising a dilution chamber wherein diluting gases are added to the gases leaving the combustion chamber and a terminal element comprising an outlet opening through which the gases, originating from the combustion chamber admixed with the dilution gases, are expelled, characterized in that at least one delivery pipe for the dilution gases ends in the said dilution chamber, means being provided to adjust the flow of this dilution gas in such pipe independently of the kinetic energy of the combustion gases crossing the dilution chamber.
  • a dilution burner comprising:
  • a'second injector separate from and independent of said first injector and having a larger crosssection than said first injector, likewise opening into the entry of said combustion chamber;
  • a dilution burner comprising:
  • a second injector having a larger cross-section than and being coaxial to said first injector, said second injector being separate from and independent of said first injector but likewise opening into the entry of said combustion chamber;
  • said third intermediate valve is first caused to close and, subsequently, said first means is caused to close, the time lag occurring between these two closures being calculated so that the composition of the fuel-comburent mixture remaining in said second feed pipe and the portion of said second separate pipe downstream of said second mixing-measuring valve is sufficiently de pleted of fuel, prior to cutting said second injector out of service, to prevent the burning of the mixture;
  • said first means is first opened and, subsequently, said third intermediate valve is opened when the pressure ruling in said second separate pipe exceeds said preset value
  • a dilution burner characterized in that the combustion chamber communicates with the dilution chamber by means of a throttle terminating in a port having a diameter less than that of the said outlet opening provided in the terminal element and coaxial with such opening, so that the unit comprising such throttle, such opening and the space of the dilution chamber extending between the port and the opening provides an injector permitting to establish in such space, thanks to the considerable kinetic energy of the combustion gases escaping from the combustion chamber through such port, a depression sufiicient -to ensure that the said dilution gases shall be drawn by the gases of combustion through the said outlet opening into the furnace whereon is mounted the burner.
  • a dilution burner characterized in that the means provided to modify in the portion of the feed pipe to the injector having the largest cross-section the composition of the fuel-comburent mixture, prior to cutting such injector out of service, comprise a pipe common for both injectors supplying the comburent gas for the latter and wherein is mounted a main valve, such common pipe being forked downstream of such valve in order to provide separate pipes for the two injectors, a pipe for the fuel gas supply being led off each of these separate pipes by means of a mixing-measuring valve of the comburent and fuel gases, while an intermediate valve is provided for each of these separate pipes as well as in each of the pipes led off the latter upstream of the mixing-measuring valves, these separate pipes terminating each at one of the injectors, means for controlling said different valves with reference to the pressure ruling in the separate pipes downstream of such mixing-measuring valves in such a manner that, when the pressure drops, in one of these separate pipes, below a value preset in

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
US338468A 1972-03-16 1973-03-06 Dilution burner Expired - Lifetime US3902840A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU64978 1972-03-16

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US3902840A true US3902840A (en) 1975-09-02

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US338468A Expired - Lifetime US3902840A (en) 1972-03-16 1973-03-06 Dilution burner

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US (1) US3902840A (de)
JP (1) JPS492128A (de)
ES (1) ES412485A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2175800B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1408824A (de)
IT (1) IT981442B (de)
LU (1) LU64978A1 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4553925A (en) * 1982-09-24 1985-11-19 Bricmont & Associates, Inc. Flow distribution header system
WO1989004941A1 (en) * 1987-11-25 1989-06-01 Combustion Concepts, Inc. A method and apparatus for heating a fluid stream
US5460512A (en) * 1993-05-27 1995-10-24 Coen Company, Inc. Vibration-resistant low NOx burner
US5921765A (en) * 1997-06-30 1999-07-13 Atoliv Asp, Inc. Periodic, on-demand pressurized gas power source and method of providing same
US20090311643A1 (en) * 2008-05-21 2009-12-17 Owen Wayne D Catalytic combustion converter systems and catalysts

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5837916B2 (ja) * 1978-04-25 1983-08-19 富士写真フイルム株式会社 顕色剤シ−トの製造方法
JPS5838118B2 (ja) * 1978-09-25 1983-08-20 富士写真フイルム株式会社 感圧複写紙の製造方法

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2046767A (en) * 1932-05-25 1936-07-07 Sinclair Refining Co Combustion apparatus
US2335471A (en) * 1940-06-05 1943-11-30 Honeywell Regulator Co Fluid fuel burner control system
US3039522A (en) * 1958-11-18 1962-06-19 Zimmermann & Jansen Gmbh Gas safety means for use in hot blast stoves
US3146821A (en) * 1960-08-29 1964-09-01 Fred H Wuetig Method of and apparatus for governing the operation of furnaces
US3173483A (en) * 1961-11-21 1965-03-16 California Research Corp Control method and system for downhole gas-air heater
US3322178A (en) * 1965-08-12 1967-05-30 Lummus Co Flare apparatus for combustible gases
US3376098A (en) * 1966-08-29 1968-04-02 Phillips Petroleum Co Two-chamber burner and process
US3529915A (en) * 1967-06-09 1970-09-22 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Burner
US3749546A (en) * 1971-09-20 1973-07-31 Zink Co John Smokeless flare pit burner and method
US3779689A (en) * 1972-01-10 1973-12-18 Zinc J Co Method and apparatus for non-polluting combustion of waste gases

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2046767A (en) * 1932-05-25 1936-07-07 Sinclair Refining Co Combustion apparatus
US2335471A (en) * 1940-06-05 1943-11-30 Honeywell Regulator Co Fluid fuel burner control system
US3039522A (en) * 1958-11-18 1962-06-19 Zimmermann & Jansen Gmbh Gas safety means for use in hot blast stoves
US3146821A (en) * 1960-08-29 1964-09-01 Fred H Wuetig Method of and apparatus for governing the operation of furnaces
US3173483A (en) * 1961-11-21 1965-03-16 California Research Corp Control method and system for downhole gas-air heater
US3322178A (en) * 1965-08-12 1967-05-30 Lummus Co Flare apparatus for combustible gases
US3376098A (en) * 1966-08-29 1968-04-02 Phillips Petroleum Co Two-chamber burner and process
US3529915A (en) * 1967-06-09 1970-09-22 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Burner
US3749546A (en) * 1971-09-20 1973-07-31 Zink Co John Smokeless flare pit burner and method
US3779689A (en) * 1972-01-10 1973-12-18 Zinc J Co Method and apparatus for non-polluting combustion of waste gases

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4553925A (en) * 1982-09-24 1985-11-19 Bricmont & Associates, Inc. Flow distribution header system
WO1989004941A1 (en) * 1987-11-25 1989-06-01 Combustion Concepts, Inc. A method and apparatus for heating a fluid stream
US5460512A (en) * 1993-05-27 1995-10-24 Coen Company, Inc. Vibration-resistant low NOx burner
US5921765A (en) * 1997-06-30 1999-07-13 Atoliv Asp, Inc. Periodic, on-demand pressurized gas power source and method of providing same
US20090311643A1 (en) * 2008-05-21 2009-12-17 Owen Wayne D Catalytic combustion converter systems and catalysts

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES412485A1 (es) 1976-01-01
FR2175800A1 (de) 1973-10-26
LU64978A1 (de) 1973-09-17
JPS492128A (de) 1974-01-10
FR2175800B1 (de) 1974-03-08
GB1408824A (en) 1975-10-08
IT981442B (it) 1974-10-10

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