US3898045A - Blood oxygenator - Google Patents
Blood oxygenator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3898045A US3898045A US295724A US29572472A US3898045A US 3898045 A US3898045 A US 3898045A US 295724 A US295724 A US 295724A US 29572472 A US29572472 A US 29572472A US 3898045 A US3898045 A US 3898045A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- blood
- oxygen
- chamber
- outlet
- oxygenator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/32—Oxygenators without membranes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/32—Oxygenators without membranes
- A61M1/322—Antifoam; Defoaming
- A61M1/325—Surfactant coating; Improving wettability
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3623—Means for actively controlling temperature of blood
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
- B01D19/0031—Degasification of liquids by filtration
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S128/00—Surgery
- Y10S128/03—Heart-lung
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
- Y10S261/26—Foam
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
- Y10S261/28—Blood oxygenators
Definitions
- bubble type oxygenators there is a relationship be tween bubble surface area and film resistance to diffusion which should be optimized in order to maximize the diffusion rate. For a given gas flow rate a small number of large bubbles has too small a mass transfer area for efficient diffusion, whereas a large number of very small bubbles has sufficient interface area but inefficient diffusion characteristics. As might be expected, there exists an optimum size bubble for most efficient diffusion. Certain well known physical proper ties have a bearing upon diffusion rate, an important one being surface film resistance. At the surface of each oxygen bubble there exists a layer of oxygen saturated blood. This is an effective boundary layer which reduces the rate at which the remainder of the oxygen bubble diffuses into the blood thereby reducing the overall oxygenation rate for a given gas flow rate.
- This boundary layer is more effective for reducing diffusion of small bubbles than of large bubbles.
- Diffusion rate also relates to the speed at which bubbles rise through the blood. It may thus be appreciated that attempts have been made to produce bubbles of relatively precise size in prior bubble type oxygenators. This gives rise to the present necessity of manufacturing the oxygen bubble diffuser to very close tolerances, a difficult and expensive task at best.
- Apparatus has alsobeen devised where the diffusion chamber is filled withspherical bodies in order to provide a sufficient agitation for enhanced oxygenation ( Russian Pat. No. 302,125).
- the blood is made to flow in one direction and the oxygen in the opposite direction through the oxygenator for the stated reason of increasing the rate of diffusion.
- turbulence will likely occur when the oxygen and the blood travel in opposite directions and a significant amount of hemolysis may thereby result.
- That invention does notprovide a means for preventing hemolysis due to the movement or vibration of the spherical bodies in the chamber as the oxygen and blood move through. nor does it provide for a means to control bubble size.
- the bubble-type oxygenators have additional provisions for. defoaming the blood after it has been oxygenated because at that point the blood is in the form of a foam.
- Several previous devices employ a cylinder packed with chips or fibers soaked in a conventional chemical defoaming or non-wetting agent to break down the bubbles. These structures do not have a uniform density defoamer so that defoaming action is different at different locations within the defoamer. Serious danger to the patient has resulted from this type of defoamer fortwo primary reasons.
- the invention herein disclosed is an improved blood oxygenator for use as a substitute for the lungs of a patient during cardiac and related surgery. It comprises a diffuser from which oxygen bubblesof relatively uniform predetermined size flow into an ejector filled with blood to make a mixture of blood and oxygen. This mixture flows through a chamber filled with spherical hard beads of uniform size forming L a lattice structure. As the oxygen bubbles and the blood move through the bead lattice, oxygen is diffused into the'blood and carbon dioxide is removed therefrom. This reaction is facilitated by frictional contact between the beads and the bubbles in the blood as they pass through the bead lattice.
- the resulting action may .properly be termed a wiped film bubble oxygenation process.
- the oxygenated blood foam thus generated leaves the lattice chamber and enters a defoaming section which has radially and axially uniform defoaming properties.
- defoamer embodiments are set forth in the detailed description hereinbelow.
- the oxygenated defoamed blood flowsover aheat exchanger in order to effect whatever' temperature changes are desired and from there it flows into a calibrated blood reservoir, ready to return to the arterial system of the patient.
- the object of this invention is to provide a simple, relatively inexpensive, disposable blood oxygenator having significantly improved blood flow rate and oxygenation efficiency. Additionally, this'oxygenator includes a reliable and constant defoamer which substantially reduces the possibility of dangerous contamination of the blood by chemical antLfoaming agents.
- an oxygenator 11 preferably of cylindrical configuration, which comprises ejector 12, a diffuser 13 within the ejector, a lattice chamber 14 formed of a bed of rigid beads 15 in a cylinder 16, a diverter 17, a defoamer 18, a heat exchanger 21 having a core 22 supported by rings 23 therein, and a graduated reservoir 24.
- Ejector 12 is essentially a mixing chamber and bubv.ble pump having side walls 25 which are concave inward.
- Oxygen is supplied through conduit 26 to the oxygenator from an outside source (not shown), entering gdiffuser 13.
- the fabric may be Dacron (a registered trademark) or other suitable materiaI-having relatively uniform openings approximately forty microns across.
- Retaining ring 29 may be any non-corrosive relatively rigid material such as Lucite (a duPont trademark) or stainless steel. Since a relatively inexpensive, disposable yet sturdy structure is contemplated, a rigid plastic retaining ring is preferred.
- the oxygenator of this invention is not limited to being disposable and the materials used may vary due to different requirements of the users.
- oxygen depleted venous blood enters the ejector through conduits 31.
- the ejector is normally full of blood and at the beginning of an operation must be primed with blood or a saline solution in the normal manner.
- Oxygen is released from diffuser head.2'7 forming bubbles of substantially uniform size in the blood.
- the preciseness of bubble size is not critical.
- the ejector with its concave walls 25 acts as a bubble pump. This structure not only moves the blood through the oxygenator, but effectively causes the oxygen bubbles to be mixed throughout the blood at the top of the ejector, as the mixture enters the lattice chamber.
- the beads in the lattice chamber are tightly packed and are of uniform size. These beads are preferably 6 mm in diameter but beads ranging from 3 mm to lo mm may be used.
- the beads may be made of any suitable material which provide a relatively smooth, hard surface. While glass is the substance normally preferred, many other materials such as polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene may be used.
- a coarse mesh cloth 33 separates the bead bed from the ejector and may be mounted to the bottom of cylinder 16 by a conventional retaining ring or other suitable means.
- Cloth 33 has a mesh opening sufficiently small so as to prevent any of the beads from escaping from the lattice chamber while permitting free flow of the blood/oxygen mixture from the ejector to the lattice chamber.
- the top of the lattice chamber is also fitted with a similar coarse mesh cloth 33 to prevent any of the beads from escaping into the defoamer.
- the beads in the chamber are preferably secured together to prevent any vibration or movement within the lattice network. Ultrasonic welding is one good way of accomplishing this desired result Even with the beads secured together, mesh elements 33 are employed at eitherend of the cylinder 16 in case one of the beads should come loose.
- this invention teaches that the bubble is made to traverse a long and tortuous path through the bead lattice. As the bubble encounters each solid bead, there is a wiping action at the diffusion resistant boundary layer of the bubble which physically dislodges or breaks down the boundary layer and results in decreased resistance to the diffusion of oxygen into the blood.
- the boundary layer reforms as the bubble retreats from each collision with a bead but as each oxygenbubble makes its way upward through the bead lattice, it has a large number of collisions with beads. In the course of each collision, the boundary layer is temporarily broken down and diffusion is facilitated.
- the rate of diffusion of oxygen in the venous blood isincreased by the presence of thebeads because of the greatly increased surface area for diffusion which the beads provide and by the wiping effect produced by the bubble-bead collisions. It may thus be appreciated that the terminology wiped film bubble oxygenation process is quite appropriate.
- the flow of oxygen and venous blood is in the same upward direction through the center of the oxygenator, thus eliminating significant resistance to blood flow in opposite directions.
- the common directional flow of blood and oxygen bubbles means that blood and oxygen *are in contact tzlfirdughout the tirne thatthe blood is flowing through the lattice chamber, thus increasing the diffusion rate.
- the co-directional flowof the blood and oxygen avoids the turbulence which would result from the collision of two oppositely directed flows.
- the uniform spacingsbetween the beads can be designed to permit only bubbles of the desired size to proceed through the bead lattice thereby providing maximim diffusion efficiency. Larger bubbles will be separated as they 'pass through the restricted passageways between the beads, thereby accomplishing the desired effect. Consequently, fabric 28 on diffuser'head 27 need not'be manufactured to extremely close tolerances since the bead bed will reduce bubble size as'the mixture passes'through it.
- the oxygenated blood foam contacts diverter 17 directly from the top of lattice chamber 14.
- the diverter consists of a concave conical surface preferably made of clear plastic although other shapes and materials may be used.
- the foam is directed'outward by the diverter and enters defoamer 18 which surrounds the top portion of the lattice chamber above the heat exchanger. Note that the defoamer fabric extends to the center of the oxygenator between the top of the lattice chamber and the diverter.
- defoamer 18 With reference not to FIG. 3, a top view of defoamer 18 is shown. It consists of a woven cloth 34 which is wound around the upper portion of the lattice chamber a predetermined number of turns in order to insure radial uniformity and consistency in production. Defoaming may be achieved in the well-known manner wherein bubbles containing carbon dioxide and oxygen collapse on fibers which have been coated by spraying or dipping with a chemical antifoam or nonwetting agent.
- a preferred embodiment of the defoamer is to wrap the lattice chamber with a material comprising two alternating layers of fabric, one wetting and one nonwetting.
- the bubbles are pulled apart by being repelled from the non-wetting material and attracted to the wetting material whereon it col lapses and drains to the reservoir 24.
- An alternative preferred embodiment of the defoamer is to use a cloth woven of wetting fibers running horizontally and nonwetting fibers running vertically. The bubbles are repelled and attracted as stated above, causing the bubbles to collapse in a single vertical plane drain to the reservoir.
- These two preferred embodiments utilize fibers whose wetting and non-wetting properties are inherent in the materials themselves ratherthan the result of treatment with chemical agents. Examples of nonwetting materials are nylon and polytetrafluoroethylene, while wetting materials may be glass fiber or fibersfrom the polycarbonate family such as Lexan (a registered trademark).
- Carbon dioxide and excess oxygen released from the blood as it is defoamed is' exhausted from the oxygenator through vent 35 in the top of the defoamer.
- the vent may be equipped with a'conventional bacteriological filter (not shown) to prevent possible contamination ofthe atmosphere in the operating room..
- the oxygenated blood drains from the defoamer and is allowed to flow over the heat exchanger 21.
- the heat exchanger is an annular cylindrical containerwith an annular core 22 of closedcell foam filling the bulk of the interior thereof. The core is held in place by means of rings 23 at the top and bottom of the'container. Heated or cooled water is pumpedthrough the heat exchanger, entering through conduit 36 and leaving through'conduit 37. The bloodis th'e'reby maintained at a predetermined desired temperature. Fluid other than water could be used if desired; This particular configuration for the heat e'xchangerpermits a large surface area for rapid temperature adjustment ofthe blood flowing over its sides while having a reduced interior volume to permit rapid fluid exchange within it. t
- the oxygenated blood of desired temperature is stored in a reservoir' 24 which preferably has transparent walls.
- the reservoir is an annular configuration and surrounds the ejector and diffuser and the lower end of the lattice chamber.
- the reservoir' is calibratedtscale 38) as to volume in order that theamount of blood available can easily be'monitored 'duringthe operation.
- the oxygenated blood is removed from the reservoir through tubing 40 controlled by conventional ball-type check valve 39 which closes the outlet when insufficient blood is present in the reservoir. This prevents any air from getting into the patients arterial system in an emergency situation when the blood reservoir becomes empty.
- the heat exchanger resides within the reservoir in order to 'rnaintain the'blood temperature as desired.
- a ring 41 is secured to the top of the oxygenator to provide for attachment of the unit to a ring stand holder.
- the main shell and most of the interior parts of this oxygenator are made of substantially rigid transparent plastic so that its proper operation may be observed at all times.
- the plastic elements may be secured together by adhesive or by other suitable means.
- By being made'of plastic it is disposable, inex pensive to make and shatter resistant.
- the overall size of this oxygenator is approximately 18 inches in height and 7 inches in diameter for adults/Because thevolume necessary for babies is much lessfa reduced size oxygenator is available for pediatric purposes.
- the size specified above is by way of example only and is in no way limiting.
- the invention herein disclosed is a very compact. vertically hung oxygenator. Installation time and operator training are minimal since the device is presterilized and disposable, while being very simple to set up and operate. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and improvements to this oxygenator may be made to suit particular requirements which are within the scope of the invention.
- a blood oxygenator comprising:
- said mixing and pumping means having at least one blood inlet port at one end and a blood foam outlet at the opposite end;
- oxygen diffusing means within said mixing and pumping means, said oxygen diffusing means having an oxygen inlet port and having an oxygen outlet spaced from either end of said mixing and pumping means, said oxygen diffusing means further comprising: means at said oxygen outlet for discharging oxygen into the blood in said mixing and pumping means in the form of bubbles;
- a lattice bed comprising a multiplicity of hard beads of substantially uniform size being tightly packed within and substantially filling said chamber to thereby provide a relatively large collision surface area within said chamber and a plurality of tortuous paths therethrough, each of which is substantially longer than said chamber, said chamber having an outlet and having an inlet coupled to said blood foam outlet of said mixing and pumping means;
- defoaming means within said housing adjacent said outlet of said chamber, said blood foam being separated into gases and fluid blood within said defoaming means;
- fluid blood outlet means mounted in the bottom of said storage means.
- said means for maintaining said lattice bed in tightly packed configuration comprises a substantially rigid coarse mesh cloth'at each end of said chamber confining said beads therein.
- said means for discharging oxygen into the blood in the form of bubbles comprises a fabric covering said oxygen outlet of said oxygen diffusing means, said fabric having a multiplicity of openings therethrough of substantially uniform size.
- said means for adjusting blood temperature is an annular cylindrical container surrounding said mixing and pumping means and wherein said fluid blood storage means is an annular cylindrical chamber surrounding said mixing and pumping means, said temperature adjusting means container being located within said fluid blood storage means chamber.
- each such layer is in confronting relationship and touches the next adjacent layer, said cloth being formed of a multiplicity of fibers, a first portion of said fibers having nonwetting characteristics relative to blood, and a second portion of said fibers having a lesser degree of non-wetting characteristics relative to blood than said first portion of said fibers.
- said mixing and pumping means is elongated and has a longitudinal mid-point cross section which is substantially less than the cross section thereof at said outlet end;
- said oxygen outlet of said oxygen diffusing means is located substantially at said longitudinal mid-point of said mixing and pumping means.
- a blood oxygenator comprising:
- said mixing and pumping means having at least one blood inlet port at one end and a blood foam outlet at the opposite end;
- oxygen diffusing means within said mixing and pumping means, said oxygen diffusing means having an oxygen inlet port and having an oxygen outlet spaced from either end of said mixing and pumping means, said oxygen diffusing means further comprising:
- a lattice bed comprising a multiplicity of hard beads of substantially uniform size being tightly packed within and substantially filling said chamber to thereby provide a relatively large collision surface area within said chamber and a plurality of tortuous paths therethrough, said chamber having an outlet and having an inlet coupled to said blood foam outlet of said mixing and pumping means; means for maintaining said lattice bed in tightly packed configuration within said chamber; defoaming means within said housing adjacent said outlet of said chamber, said blood foam being separated into gases and fluid blood within said defoaming means, said defoaming means comprising: multiple layers of cloth wherein each such layer is in confronting relationship and touches the next adjacent layer, said cloth being formed of a multiplicity of fibers, a first portion of said fibers having non-wetting characteristics relative to blood, and a second portion of said fibers having a lesser degree of nonwetting characteristics relative to blood than said first portion of said fibers; fluid blood storage means below and in communication with said defoaming means; and fluid blood outlet means mounted in the bottom of said storage
- first portion of said fibers having non-wetting characteristics comprises first layers of said multiple layers of cloth
- second portion of said fibers having a lesser degree of non-wetting characteristics comprises second layers of said multiple layers of cloth, one of said first layers of cloth being located between two adjacent confronting second layers of cloth in alternating fashion throughout said defoaming means.
- each of said layers of cloth is woven wherein said first portion of said fibers having non-wetting characteristics are oriented in one direction and said second portion of said fibers having a lesser degree of non-wetting characteristics are cross woven with said first portion of said fibers.
- said first portion of said fibers having non-wetting characteristics relative to blood is a member of the group consisting of glass and polycarbonates; and said second portion of said fibers having a lesser degree of non-wetting characteristics relative to blood is a member of the group consisting of nylon and polytetrafluoroethylene.
- a blood oxygenator comprising:
- said mixing and pumping means having at least one blood inlet port at one end and a blood foam outlet at the opposite end, said mixing and pumping means being elongated and having a midpoint cross section which is substantially less than the cross section thereof at said outlet end;
- oxygen diffusing means within said mixing and pumping means, said oxygen diffusing means having an oxygen inlet port and having an oxygen outlet spaced from either end of said mixing and pumping means and located substantially at said mid-point thereof, said oxygen diffusing means further comprising: means at said oxygen outlet for discharging oxygen into the blood in said mixing and pumping means in the form of bubbles, the velocity of the oxygen being converted to a foam pressure at said outlet of said mixing and pumping means due to the expanding cross section thereof from the point of entry of the oxygen bubbles to said outlet;
- a lattice bed comprising a multiplicity of hard beads of substantially uniform size being tightly packed within and substantially filling said chamber to 7 thereby provide a relatively large collision surface area within said chamber and a plurality of tortuous paths therethrough, said lattice chamber having an outlet and having an inlet coupled to said blood foam outlet of said mixing and pumping means;
- defoaming means within said housing adjacent said outlet of said lattice chamber, said blood foam being separated into gases and fluid blood within said defoaming means;
- fluid blood outlet means mounted in the bottom of said storage means.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)
Priority Applications (20)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US295724A US3898045A (en) | 1972-10-06 | 1972-10-06 | Blood oxygenator |
IT52907/73A IT997864B (it) | 1972-10-06 | 1973-10-03 | Perfezionamento nei dispositivi ossigenatori di sangue |
FR7335528A FR2201904B1 (ja) | 1972-10-06 | 1973-10-04 | |
IL43375A IL43375A0 (en) | 1972-10-06 | 1973-10-04 | A blood oxygenator |
AU61033/73A AU6103373A (en) | 1972-10-06 | 1973-10-04 | Blood oxygenator |
SU1964837A SU559624A3 (ru) | 1972-10-06 | 1973-10-05 | Оксигенатор |
BE136413A BE805745A (fr) | 1972-10-06 | 1973-10-05 | Dispositif pour oxygener le sang |
JP48111561A JPS523236B2 (ja) | 1972-10-06 | 1973-10-05 | |
ES419384A ES419384A1 (es) | 1972-10-06 | 1973-10-05 | Un oxigenador de sangre del tipo de burbuja. |
NL7313746A NL7313746A (ja) | 1972-10-06 | 1973-10-05 | |
ZA00737801A ZA737801B (en) | 1972-10-06 | 1973-10-05 | Blood oxygenators |
DD173900A DD114754A5 (ja) | 1972-10-06 | 1973-10-05 | |
BR7770/73A BR7307770D0 (pt) | 1972-10-06 | 1973-10-05 | Oxigenador do sangue aperfeicoado |
LU68569A LU68569A1 (ja) | 1972-10-06 | 1973-10-08 | |
DE19732350379 DE2350379A1 (de) | 1972-10-06 | 1973-10-08 | Blut-oxygenator |
FR7433206A FR2252117A1 (ja) | 1972-10-06 | 1974-10-02 | |
DE19742447623 DE2447623A1 (de) | 1972-10-06 | 1974-10-05 | Schaumvernichter |
JP50062580A JPS5148758A (ja) | 1972-10-06 | 1975-05-27 | |
US05/581,971 US4017279A (en) | 1972-10-06 | 1975-05-29 | Defoamer apparatus |
US05/598,630 US3960657A (en) | 1972-10-06 | 1975-07-24 | Method for oxygenating blood |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US295724A US3898045A (en) | 1972-10-06 | 1972-10-06 | Blood oxygenator |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US05/581,971 Division US4017279A (en) | 1972-10-06 | 1975-05-29 | Defoamer apparatus |
US05/598,630 Division US3960657A (en) | 1972-10-06 | 1975-07-24 | Method for oxygenating blood |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3898045A true US3898045A (en) | 1975-08-05 |
Family
ID=23138974
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US295724A Expired - Lifetime US3898045A (en) | 1972-10-06 | 1972-10-06 | Blood oxygenator |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3898045A (ja) |
JP (2) | JPS523236B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU6103373A (ja) |
BE (1) | BE805745A (ja) |
BR (1) | BR7307770D0 (ja) |
DD (1) | DD114754A5 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE2350379A1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES419384A1 (ja) |
FR (2) | FR2201904B1 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL43375A0 (ja) |
IT (1) | IT997864B (ja) |
LU (1) | LU68569A1 (ja) |
NL (1) | NL7313746A (ja) |
SU (1) | SU559624A3 (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA737801B (ja) |
Cited By (37)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4017279A (en) * | 1972-10-06 | 1977-04-12 | Intech, Inc. | Defoamer apparatus |
DE2704554A1 (de) * | 1976-02-03 | 1977-08-04 | Shiley Lab Inc | Sauerstoffbehandlungsgeraet fuer blut |
US4065264A (en) * | 1976-05-10 | 1977-12-27 | Shiley Laboratories, Inc. | Blood oxygenator with integral heat exchanger for regulating the temperature of blood in an extracorporeal circuit |
US4131431A (en) * | 1976-12-27 | 1978-12-26 | Siposs George G | Blood shut-off valve |
US4138288A (en) * | 1976-05-10 | 1979-02-06 | Shiley Scientific Incorporated | Method and apparatus for oxygenating and regulating the temperature of blood |
US4138464A (en) * | 1976-05-10 | 1979-02-06 | Lewin John E | Blood oxygenator with integral heat exchanger |
US4140635A (en) * | 1977-04-13 | 1979-02-20 | Esmond William G | Purification device |
US4182739A (en) * | 1976-02-03 | 1980-01-08 | Shiley Incorporated | Blood oxygenator |
US4183961A (en) * | 1976-02-03 | 1980-01-15 | Shiley Incorporated | Method of oxygenating blood |
US4224413A (en) * | 1975-05-21 | 1980-09-23 | Beecham Group Limited | Cell culture method |
US4228125A (en) * | 1978-06-20 | 1980-10-14 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Gas exchange apparatus |
US4261951A (en) * | 1978-03-02 | 1981-04-14 | Dsd "Metalchim" | Apparatus for blood oxygenation |
US4268476A (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1981-05-19 | Bentley Laboratories, Inc. | Blood oxygenator |
US4282180A (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1981-08-04 | Bentley Laboratories, Inc. | Blood oxygenator |
US4297318A (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1981-10-27 | Bentley Laboratories, Inc. | Blood oxygenator |
US4336224A (en) * | 1979-01-16 | 1982-06-22 | Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Bubble oxygenator |
US4372914A (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1983-02-08 | Bentley Laboratories, Inc. | Blood oxygenator |
US4490331A (en) * | 1982-02-12 | 1984-12-25 | Steg Jr Robert F | Extracorporeal blood processing system |
US4585056A (en) * | 1984-04-18 | 1986-04-29 | Norton Company | Heat exchanger |
US4599093A (en) * | 1982-02-12 | 1986-07-08 | Steg Jr Robert F | Extracorporeal blood processing system |
US4623518A (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1986-11-18 | Baxter-Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Blood oxygenator |
US4637917A (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1987-01-20 | Reed Charles C | Bubble oxygenator |
US4734373A (en) * | 1986-06-24 | 1988-03-29 | Bartal Arie H | Apparatus for enhancing cell growth, preservation and transport |
US4954317A (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1990-09-04 | Baxter International, Inc. | Blood oxygenator |
US5116308A (en) * | 1989-01-13 | 1992-05-26 | Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus for processing fluid and method of driving the same |
US5166067A (en) * | 1988-11-30 | 1992-11-24 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Culturing method, system and apparatus for cell culture |
US5403388A (en) * | 1993-05-12 | 1995-04-04 | Pfiffner; Tim E. | Surfactant mediation sparge tube |
US5578267A (en) * | 1992-05-11 | 1996-11-26 | Minntech Corporation | Cylindrical blood heater/oxygenator |
US5849186A (en) * | 1996-11-15 | 1998-12-15 | C. R. Bard Inc. | Integrated cardiotomy and venous blood reservoir |
US6001306A (en) * | 1996-11-07 | 1999-12-14 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Integrated oxygenator and heat exchanger |
US6500394B1 (en) * | 1999-06-30 | 2002-12-31 | Cellpoint Scientific, Inc. | Dry sterilizer |
US6630107B1 (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2003-10-07 | Salvador Merce Vives | Blood pumping equipment for extracorporeal circulation and ventricular assistance |
US20110137236A1 (en) * | 2007-10-01 | 2011-06-09 | Baxter International Inc. | Fluid delivery systems and methods having floating baffle aided air removal |
US8777832B1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2014-07-15 | The University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | Axial-centrifugal flow catheter pump for cavopulmonary assistance |
US8906300B2 (en) | 2011-08-11 | 2014-12-09 | The University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | Even perfusion pump-integrated blood oxygenator |
WO2015007720A1 (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2015-01-22 | Universiteit Gent | Oxygenator |
US10625009B2 (en) | 2016-02-17 | 2020-04-21 | Baxter International Inc. | Airtrap, system and method for removing microbubbles from a fluid stream |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2757345C2 (de) * | 1977-12-22 | 1986-01-23 | Wacker-Chemie GmbH, 8000 München | Verfahren zur Schaumzerstörung beim Entfernen von Restmonomer aus Reaktionsgemischen |
DE8704467U1 (de) * | 1987-01-15 | 1988-05-26 | Quarzlampenfabrik Dr.-Ing. Felix W. Müller GmbH & Co KG, 45239 Essen | Gerät zur Herstellung von oxygeniertem Blut |
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- 1973-10-03 IT IT52907/73A patent/IT997864B/it active
- 1973-10-04 AU AU61033/73A patent/AU6103373A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-10-04 IL IL43375A patent/IL43375A0/xx unknown
- 1973-10-04 FR FR7335528A patent/FR2201904B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-10-05 JP JP48111561A patent/JPS523236B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1973-10-05 BR BR7770/73A patent/BR7307770D0/pt unknown
- 1973-10-05 SU SU1964837A patent/SU559624A3/ru active
- 1973-10-05 ES ES419384A patent/ES419384A1/es not_active Expired
- 1973-10-05 NL NL7313746A patent/NL7313746A/xx unknown
- 1973-10-05 DD DD173900A patent/DD114754A5/xx unknown
- 1973-10-05 BE BE136413A patent/BE805745A/xx unknown
- 1973-10-05 ZA ZA00737801A patent/ZA737801B/xx unknown
- 1973-10-08 DE DE19732350379 patent/DE2350379A1/de active Pending
- 1973-10-08 LU LU68569A patent/LU68569A1/xx unknown
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Cited By (40)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4017279A (en) * | 1972-10-06 | 1977-04-12 | Intech, Inc. | Defoamer apparatus |
US4224413A (en) * | 1975-05-21 | 1980-09-23 | Beecham Group Limited | Cell culture method |
US4297318A (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1981-10-27 | Bentley Laboratories, Inc. | Blood oxygenator |
US4372914A (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1983-02-08 | Bentley Laboratories, Inc. | Blood oxygenator |
US4282180A (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1981-08-04 | Bentley Laboratories, Inc. | Blood oxygenator |
US4268476A (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1981-05-19 | Bentley Laboratories, Inc. | Blood oxygenator |
US4954317A (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1990-09-04 | Baxter International, Inc. | Blood oxygenator |
US4623518A (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1986-11-18 | Baxter-Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Blood oxygenator |
US4183961A (en) * | 1976-02-03 | 1980-01-15 | Shiley Incorporated | Method of oxygenating blood |
US4182739A (en) * | 1976-02-03 | 1980-01-08 | Shiley Incorporated | Blood oxygenator |
US4067696A (en) * | 1976-02-03 | 1978-01-10 | Swiley Laboratories, Inc. | Blood oxygenator |
DE2704554A1 (de) * | 1976-02-03 | 1977-08-04 | Shiley Lab Inc | Sauerstoffbehandlungsgeraet fuer blut |
US4065264A (en) * | 1976-05-10 | 1977-12-27 | Shiley Laboratories, Inc. | Blood oxygenator with integral heat exchanger for regulating the temperature of blood in an extracorporeal circuit |
US4138464A (en) * | 1976-05-10 | 1979-02-06 | Lewin John E | Blood oxygenator with integral heat exchanger |
US4138288A (en) * | 1976-05-10 | 1979-02-06 | Shiley Scientific Incorporated | Method and apparatus for oxygenating and regulating the temperature of blood |
US4131431A (en) * | 1976-12-27 | 1978-12-26 | Siposs George G | Blood shut-off valve |
US4140635A (en) * | 1977-04-13 | 1979-02-20 | Esmond William G | Purification device |
US4261951A (en) * | 1978-03-02 | 1981-04-14 | Dsd "Metalchim" | Apparatus for blood oxygenation |
US4228125A (en) * | 1978-06-20 | 1980-10-14 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Gas exchange apparatus |
US4336224A (en) * | 1979-01-16 | 1982-06-22 | Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Bubble oxygenator |
US4599093A (en) * | 1982-02-12 | 1986-07-08 | Steg Jr Robert F | Extracorporeal blood processing system |
US4490331A (en) * | 1982-02-12 | 1984-12-25 | Steg Jr Robert F | Extracorporeal blood processing system |
US4637917A (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1987-01-20 | Reed Charles C | Bubble oxygenator |
US4585056A (en) * | 1984-04-18 | 1986-04-29 | Norton Company | Heat exchanger |
US4734373A (en) * | 1986-06-24 | 1988-03-29 | Bartal Arie H | Apparatus for enhancing cell growth, preservation and transport |
US5166067A (en) * | 1988-11-30 | 1992-11-24 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Culturing method, system and apparatus for cell culture |
US5116308A (en) * | 1989-01-13 | 1992-05-26 | Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus for processing fluid and method of driving the same |
US5578267A (en) * | 1992-05-11 | 1996-11-26 | Minntech Corporation | Cylindrical blood heater/oxygenator |
US5403388A (en) * | 1993-05-12 | 1995-04-04 | Pfiffner; Tim E. | Surfactant mediation sparge tube |
US6001306A (en) * | 1996-11-07 | 1999-12-14 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Integrated oxygenator and heat exchanger |
US5849186A (en) * | 1996-11-15 | 1998-12-15 | C. R. Bard Inc. | Integrated cardiotomy and venous blood reservoir |
US6630107B1 (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2003-10-07 | Salvador Merce Vives | Blood pumping equipment for extracorporeal circulation and ventricular assistance |
US6500394B1 (en) * | 1999-06-30 | 2002-12-31 | Cellpoint Scientific, Inc. | Dry sterilizer |
US20110137236A1 (en) * | 2007-10-01 | 2011-06-09 | Baxter International Inc. | Fluid delivery systems and methods having floating baffle aided air removal |
US8025716B2 (en) * | 2007-10-01 | 2011-09-27 | Baxter International Inc. | Fluid delivery systems and methods having floating baffle aided air removal |
US8906300B2 (en) | 2011-08-11 | 2014-12-09 | The University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | Even perfusion pump-integrated blood oxygenator |
US9468557B2 (en) | 2011-08-11 | 2016-10-18 | The University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | Compact heat exchanger for veno-venous perfusion-induced systemic hyperthermia systems |
US8777832B1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2014-07-15 | The University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | Axial-centrifugal flow catheter pump for cavopulmonary assistance |
WO2015007720A1 (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2015-01-22 | Universiteit Gent | Oxygenator |
US10625009B2 (en) | 2016-02-17 | 2020-04-21 | Baxter International Inc. | Airtrap, system and method for removing microbubbles from a fluid stream |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL7313746A (ja) | 1974-04-09 |
ZA737801B (en) | 1975-05-28 |
DE2350379A1 (de) | 1974-04-11 |
ES419384A1 (es) | 1976-04-01 |
FR2201904A1 (ja) | 1974-05-03 |
FR2201904B1 (ja) | 1977-09-23 |
JPS5148758A (ja) | 1976-04-27 |
JPS4994191A (ja) | 1974-09-06 |
AU6103373A (en) | 1975-04-10 |
LU68569A1 (ja) | 1973-12-27 |
DD114754A5 (ja) | 1975-08-20 |
BE805745A (fr) | 1974-04-05 |
IL43375A0 (en) | 1974-01-14 |
IT997864B (it) | 1975-12-30 |
FR2252117A1 (ja) | 1975-06-20 |
BR7307770D0 (pt) | 1974-09-24 |
JPS523236B2 (ja) | 1977-01-26 |
SU559624A3 (ru) | 1977-05-25 |
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