US3876363A - Atomizing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Atomizing method and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3876363A
US3876363A US429559A US42955974A US3876363A US 3876363 A US3876363 A US 3876363A US 429559 A US429559 A US 429559A US 42955974 A US42955974 A US 42955974A US 3876363 A US3876363 A US 3876363A
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liquid
fuel
emulsion
pressure
set forth
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US429559A
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Haye Paul G La
John W Bjerklie
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Aqua Chem Inc
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Aqua Chem Inc
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Priority to US429559A priority Critical patent/US3876363A/en
Priority to CA214,787A priority patent/CA1028938A/en
Priority to GB5177174A priority patent/GB1467858A/en
Priority to BE151229A priority patent/BE823035A/xx
Priority to NL7415902A priority patent/NL7415902A/nl
Priority to ZA00747777A priority patent/ZA747777B/xx
Priority to FR7440142A priority patent/FR2255960B1/fr
Priority to JP49142082A priority patent/JPS5098904A/ja
Priority to ES432882A priority patent/ES432882A1/es
Priority to IT30575/74A priority patent/IT1027697B/it
Priority to DE19742459040 priority patent/DE2459040A1/de
Priority to CH1664074A priority patent/CH591900A5/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3876363A publication Critical patent/US3876363A/en
Assigned to WALTER E. HELLER & COMPANY, INC., A CORP. OF DE reassignment WALTER E. HELLER & COMPANY, INC., A CORP. OF DE SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HAGUE INTERNATIONAL
Assigned to AQUA-CHEM HOLDING, INC., A CORP. OF DE reassignment AQUA-CHEM HOLDING, INC., A CORP. OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: AQUA-CHEM, INC. A DE CORP.
Assigned to AQUA-CHEM, INC. reassignment AQUA-CHEM, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE JAN. 18, 1982. Assignors: AQUA-CHEM HOLDING, INC.
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
    • F23K5/08—Preparation of fuel
    • F23K5/10—Mixing with other fluids
    • F23K5/12—Preparing emulsions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/05—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste oils

Definitions

  • a method and apparatus for finely atomizing a fluid such as oil or the like includes producing an emulsion of the oil with a secondary fluid pressurizing and heating the emulsion to a level below the vaporizing point of the secondary fluid and the constituents of the primary fluid, and releasing the resulting heated and pressurized emulsion to a lower pressure to vaporize the secondary fluid and the light ends of the primary fluid thereby subdividing the primary fluid or all into fine or small drops.
  • the subdivided oil may be premixed with air or a mixture of air, CO, and other gases permitting a substantial reduction in the emission of particulate matter and noxious products.
  • the degree of fineness or the size and dispersion of the water in the fuel influenced the effectiveness of the inhibiting chemicals in alleviating high temperature corrosion of the gas turbine components.
  • Water is also used to depress peak combustion temperatures in gas turbines to alleviate the formation of oxides of nitrogen caused by the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen.
  • the water is premixed with the fuel and sufficiently well dispersed to reduce the carbonaceous particulate discharged by the combustor, and in other cases the water is introduced separately in which event there would be little effect on the production of such particulates.
  • the energy of vaporization of the water is obtained directly from the combustion process by exposing the fuel droplets containing the water, and atomized by conventional means, to the heat of combustion in the furnace.
  • the furnace heat penetrates the fuel droplets and vaporizes the water contained therein before the droplets are consumed in combustion thus shattering the fuel droplets into smaller droplets thereby aiding the combustion process.
  • the secondary atomizing or shattering effect is adequate to obtain some benefit from a phase change (fluid to vapor) of the auxiliary secondary fluid or water.
  • corn bustion is not involved and, therefore, combustion heat is not available for atomization.
  • the normally employed sources ofauxiliary fluid vaporizing energy such as the boiler furnace heat
  • auxiliary fluid vaporizing energy such as the boiler furnace heat
  • An example of the latter type of combustion application is a staged combustion or partial oxidation process where it is desirable to premix the atomized, partially vaporized fuel with combustion air or oxygen and CO and other gases to optimize combustion and thereby minimize the formation of carbonaceous particulate and undesirable noxious gases, such as oxides of nitrogen.
  • fuel oil is an example, can be totally vaporized by heating the oil to a sufficiently high temperature prior to combustion.
  • such fuels can easily be premixed with gases or other vapors.
  • the addition of an auxiliary fluid, such as water, to create a secondary atomization is not essential. since premixing can be easily accomplished with vaporized fuels.
  • heavier fuels, such as No. 6 fuel oil or residual fuels cannot readily be vaporized prior to combustion simply by heating at the conditions prevailing in a conventional combustion system.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for finely atomizing liquids by employing en ergy stored within the liquid in the form of an emulsion.
  • a further object of the invention is to finely atomize heavy fluids to facilitate certain chemical processes or subsequent physical processes such as mixing, suspend ing, dispersing with or in other fluids or gases.
  • a still further object of the invention is to atomize fluids which are normally not easily vaporized to such a fine particle or droplet size so as to facilitate thorough mixing with a premixing gas or carrier gases.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method of atomizing liquid fuels in a combustion process and apparatus which minimizes pollutant dis charge.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a combustion method and apparatus employing relatively heavy or residual liquid fuels wherein the level of pollutant discharge is relatively low.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a combustion method and apparatus for more effectively atomizing relatively heavy or residual liquid fuels.
  • Yet a further object of the invention is to provide a combustion method and apparatus wherein secondary atomization of a fuel is accomplished essentially simultaneously with a pressure atomizing stage.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a combustion method and apparatus which develops fuel droplets ofa size small enough so as to reduce the combustion time of the droplet to less than the usual time associated with the residence time within a flame zone so that the flame can behave essentially as if the fuel were prevaporized thereby reducing the combustion volume of furnace.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a combustion method and apparatus for controlling the introduction of fuel into a combustion zone so as to stratify the incoming premixed fuel and carrier gas from the remainder of the gases in the furnace zone.
  • An additional object of the invention is to provide a combustion method and apparatus wherein atomization of the fuel is accomplished without a separate auxiliary atomizing fluid or gas such as steam or air.
  • a further object of the invention is to atomize a heavy liquid by producing a water emulsion wherein the amount of water employed for secondary atomization is minimized.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the operation of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates an alternate embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a fuel supply system for delivering a fuel and water emulsion to the burner nozzle 11 ofa boiler furnace 12.
  • system 10 includes a fuel delivery circuit 14 and a water delivery circuit 15 coupled to an emulsifier 16 which is operative to produce a fine dispersion of water in the fuel.
  • a high pressure pump 18 couples the emulsifier 16 to the nozzle 11 through a fuel heater 20.
  • the fuel delivery circuit 14 includes a delivery or fuel transfer pump 24 and a strainer 25 which are disposed in a conduit 27 which couples the emulsifier 16 to a fuel source 28.
  • a heater (not shown) may be disposed in the line 27 or in the tank 28 to heat the fuel to a temperature of 150 to 250 F.
  • a filter circuit 30 consisting of parallel connected filter elements 32 and 33 are connected in conduit 27 through three-way valves 35 and 36 so that the filter elements 32 or 33 may be alternately disconnected from the system 10 and changed without interrupting fuel flow to nozzle 1 I.
  • the water delivery circuit 15 includes a proportion ing pump 40 and a strainer 42 disposed in conduit 44 which connects the emulsifier 16 to a water source 45.
  • a check valve 46 is located between the emulsifier l6 and the proportioning pump 40 to prevent backflow into the pump 40 when the latter is not operating.
  • the output of pump 40 is regulated to maintain the desired relationship between water and fuel oil flow by means of a flow meter 47 connected in fuel supply conduit 27 and a proportioning control circuit 50.
  • the flow meter 47 may be of any well-known type which is operative to produce an electrical output signal functionally related to the flow of fluid in conduit 27.
  • Proportioning control circuit 50 may also be of any well-known type which is operative to receive the signals from flow meter 47 and to provide a control signal functionally related to the flow rate in conduit 27 to a variable speed motor 51 or a pump displacement varying means in pump 40.
  • a variable speed motor When a variable speed motor is used the motor 51 varies in speed and hence the output of pump 40 will thus be functionally related to the flow of fuel in conduit 27. In this manner the delivery of water to the emulsifier 16 can be maintained at a predetermined flow volume relative to the delivery rate of fuel through conduit 27.
  • the emulsifier 16 may comprise any well-known device capable of producing an emulsion of oil and water.
  • the emulsifier 16 may comprise a dispersator which is a device having a generally cylindrical metallic tank 56 provided with a plurality of axially oriented baffles 57 which extend radially inward from the outer wall and which are spaced from the axis of chamber 56.
  • the oil and water conduits 27 and 44 are both connected to one end of tank 56 and the emulsion delivery conduit 59 is connected to the outer.
  • An impeller 60 is disposed in tank 56 and within the inner margins of the baffles 57 and is supported on the shaft 62 of a drive motor 63.
  • impeller 60 within the oil and water and the interaction with the baffles 57, blends the water and oil so as to obtain a fine dispersion of water and oil wherein the water droplets are uniformly distributed throughout the oil.
  • a dispersator which may be employed in the preferred embodiment of the invention is a motor driven mixer sold by the Gaulin Corporation. While a specific emulsifier has been shown and described, it will be appreciated that any well-known type of device. such as a ho mogenizing valve, may be employed.
  • the high pressure pump 18 is connected in a delivery conduit 59 which is connected at one end to dispersator tank 56 and at its other to the nozzle 11.
  • a pressure accumulator 63 may be connected to conduit 59 for dampening pulsations from the high pressure pump 18.
  • a check valve 64 may also be disposed in conduit 59 to prevent the back flow of fuel from the nozzle 11 and an on/off valve 65 may be disposed adjacent the heater 20 so that fuel delivery may be discontinued in the event of an emergency. a flame failure, or normal shutdown.
  • a drain conduit 67 is connected at one end to conduit 59 between valve 65 and heater 20 and at its other end to the fuel source 28 and includes a normally closed dump valve 68 which may be opened to drain heater 20 and nozzle 11 when valve 65 is closed.
  • a pressure relief valve 70 is connected to conduit 59 downstream of pump 18 and the drain conduit 67 to vent conduit 59 in the event of an over pressure in the line 59 to protect the conduit and the high pressure pump.
  • the nozzle 11 may be of any well-known type for delivering fuel to a furnace such as. for example. a variable aperture nozzle whose discharge opening varies in relation to fuel pressure.
  • the boiler furnace 12 is schematically illustrated as comprising a furnace chamber 74 having an opening 75 in one end for receiving the nozzle 1].
  • a hollow throat section 77 extends from opening 75 in surrounding relation to nozzle 11 and has an opening 76 in its remote end through which combustion supporting gases, symbolized by arrows 78, are introduced into the furnace chamber 74.
  • the gases 78 delivered through the opening 76 may comprise air or a mixture of air and stack gases. containing carbon dioxide.
  • the recirculation of stack gases is desirable because when fuel is consumed in a carbon dioxide rich environment, the emission of carbonaceous particles is reduced by the combination of car bon dioxide from the stack gas and the carbon in the gaseous combustion products to produce carbon monoxide which is further oxidized downstream to carbon dioxide. In this manner, carbon, which would otherwise result in visible smoke emitting from the stack. is substantially oxidized to carbon dioxide.
  • the heater 20 may be any conventional heat exchanger which is capable of drawing heat from the boiler or furnace 12 and transferring the same to the fuel. Preferably. the heater 20 will be constructed and arranged such that the water/oil emulsion does not pass through the furnace 12.
  • heater 20 may include a heat exchanger 80 connected in conduit 59 and which is disposed externally of the furnace chamber 74. Heat from the furnace 12 may be transferred to the oil passing through heat exchanger 80 by means of a heat loop 82 disposed in heat exchange relation with the hot gases within the furnace chamber 74 and which is connected to heat exchanger 80.
  • No. 6 fuel oil which are not normally burned in conventional oil burners because they tend to produce high levels of pullutants such as unburned hydrocarbons, particulate matter and nitrogen oxides in the discharge gases.
  • No. 6 residual oil contains 0.3 percent by weight nitrogen and otherwise may have the following analysis:
  • vapors support combustion Pensky-Mardens Closed Cup 1
  • the fuel will be drawn from source 28 and through strainer by transfer pump 24 for delivery to the dispersator tank 56 through one of the filter cartridges 32 or 33, depending upon the setting of valves 35 and 36.
  • the fuel pump 18 will include conventional means. not shown, for controlling the fuel flow rate in accordance with the combustion condition in furnace 12.
  • One such means would be a variable speed drive on the pump 18.
  • the proportioning pump 40 will draw water from tank 45 and through strainer 44 for delivery to dispersator tank 56.
  • Flow meter 47 will sense the flow rate of oil through conduit 27 and will adjust the displacement of the proportioning pump 40 through control circuit 50 so that the proportion of oil and water delivered to the dispersator tank 56 will follow a pre-established schedule.
  • the dispersator motor 63 will be energized to rotate impeller 60 and thereby produce a dispersion of water droplets within the oil.
  • this dispersion may be as follows:
  • the emulsion Upon exiting the dispersator tank 56 through conduit 59, the emulsion is pressurized to a level from 2,500 to 10,000 psig but preferably in the order of 4,000 psig, by the high pressure pump 18. The emulsion is then passed through heat exchanger 85 where it is heated prior to delivery to the nozzle 11.
  • Thermodynamically, the fuel injection cycle is illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the high pressure pump 18 is adjusted to deliver fuel at the desired flow to the nozzle 11 at the pre-determined by design pressure for example, about 3500 psig.
  • the difference between the actual pump 18 discharge pressure and the pressure at the nozzle 11 represents the pressure losses in the conduit 59 and the heater 20, which would not normally exceed about 500 psi so that the pump discharge would not normally exceed about 4,000 psig.
  • the predetermined pressure at the fuel nozzle is selected to avoid flashing of high pressure water into steam or the light hydrocarbon components of the fuel into vapor at any point in the system prior to the nozzle. This is accomplished by pressurizing well above the critical point of water.
  • the high operating temperature limits of the emulsion are establihsed by the characteristics of the fluid being atomized and the dwell time in the system after heating.
  • the volume of the hot portion of the system is held to a minimum to minimize the dwell time thereby avoiding deposits in the conduits.
  • temperatures of about 450 to 700F were found to work well in that no appreciable quantity of deposits were found in the high pressure lines providing the pressure on the system is maintained at a sufficiently high level to prevent vaporization of the water and flashing ofthe lighter fuel components into vapor; i.e., a phase change from liquid to vapor or gas. It is known that if Benzene were used as a secondary fluid the temperature levels of 1.000" to l.200 F would be possible if the Benzene did not contain contaminants in any appreciable quantity.
  • the lower temperature limit is established by the following considerations:
  • the equipment available previously indicated provides a mean water droplet distribution of from 2 to 4 microns.
  • the amount of expansion of the water droplet in the oil subjected to a fixed pressure drop is determined by the initial pressure and the temperature of the emulsion for a given nozzle and furnace design.
  • Pressure in most installations is obtained from shaft power such as an electric motor which is a high grade of energy whereas heat energy or temperature can frequently be obtained from exhaust or waste heat sources. It is. therefore, ofeconomic advantage to minimize pressure rise and to operate with the emulsion at the highest possible temperature. That portion of the water which is converted to stem in passing through the nozzle. all other factors including pressure being equal. is a function of the emulsion temperature.
  • the system is preferably designed so that the water in the emulsion will be present in sufficient quantity in each drop of fuel so as to expand and shatter the oversize" drop to smaller acceptable drop sizes. While increasing the quantity of water in the emulsion is a substitute for higher temperatures and pressures, increased water will increase the vapor in the exhaust effluent increasing the cycle losses and reducing the overall combustion efficiency of the sys tem.
  • a portion of residual oils consists of high molecular parafinic and aeromatic materials. These components go through a phase change above normal ambient temperatures causing a substantial change in the viscosity of residual fuel. Depending on the characteristics of the fuel the change occurs for typical residual or No. 6 fuel oil at temperatures above 400 F. In some instances it was found that excellent atomization of the fuel could be obtained simply by pressurizing and heating without adding water providing the oil was heated above the transition temperature of the bulk of the long chain molecules or high molecular weight materials and pressurized sufficiently to avoid vaporization of the lighter constituents prior to passing through the atomization nozzle. The lower temperature limit is, therefore. es tablished by:
  • Atomization in varying degrees. can be achieved over a range of parameters such as, for example, a temperature range ofabout 450- 700 F, a pressure range of about 2,000l0,000 psi and a fuel to water ratio of about :1 to :l.
  • reference nu meral 100 represents the pump discharge conditions shown at a pressure somewhat above the heater inlet conditions represented by reference numeral 101, to account for the pressure drop in the system between the pump and the heater 20. Heat is added in the heater 20 essentially at constant pressure. The emulsion. containing the water, is then delivered to the nozzle at the selected temperature point represented by reference numeral 102 and the watenfuel mixture expands to the choking point of nozzle 11 and the water approaches the isentropic curve or constant entropy. Assuming a temperature of 700 F and a pressure of 3.500 psi water.
  • the pressure at the choking point in the nozzle would be approximately 2,000 psi with about percent of the water converted to steam at the point represented by reference numeral 103.
  • the action is not fully understood. however, it is believed that initially the process will be polytropic with some heat being re jected to the surroundings. dropping the temperature to a point represented by reference numeral 104 in FIG. 2.
  • the process continues and the steam continues to expand. heat will be absorbed from the surroundings in the case of a furnace until point 105 is reached wherein the process becomes essentially constant pressure at the partial pressure ofthe water vapor in the furnace, which is approximately 2 psia for the conditions previously described.
  • the temperature of the vapor will continue to rise reaching the combustion temperature ofthe furnace 106.
  • the bulk of the secondary atomizing is believed to occur between points 103 and 104 in FIG. 2 where a rapid expansion of the steam shatters the oil droplets.
  • FIG. 3 An alternate embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 3 wherein the water and fuel emulsion is delivered to the fuel nozzles ofa gas turbine, not shown. While the gas turbine may include ten or more such nozzles, only three are illustrated for the sake of simplicity.
  • the fuel and water delivery circuits l4 and 15, of FIG. 3, are substantially the same as that shown in FIG. 1.
  • a heater 131 may be disposed in fuel delivery conduit 27 of the dispersator 16.
  • the heater 131 which may be electrical, for example, elevates the tempera ture of the oil from fuel source 28 to approximately 250F.
  • a pressure relief valve 132 may be provided downstream of the heater 131 so that in the event of deposits or a failure, for example, the valve 132 will dump the oil flow into the return conduit 67.
  • a pressure regulating valve 134 may also be provided downstream of the heater 131 to prevent excess pressure from damaging the dispersator 16 and the suction seals of the high pressure pump 18. Normally, fuel flows from the discharge of heater 132 through the pressure regulating valve 134 and the flow meter 47 to the dispersator 16. The emulsion is pressurized and metered by pump 18 and passes through heater 20 in the manner described with respect to the embodiment of HO. 1, prior to passage to a flow divider 136 where the flow is divided equally between the combustion chamber fuel nozzles 130 ofthe gas turbine.
  • the flow divider 136 may be any well-known type, such as the electric motor driven flow divider manufactured by General Electric Company for stationary gas turbines.
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 have been discussed in relation to variable metering pumps and orifices. it will be appreciated that the system is also operative with fixed flows and settings.
  • FIGS. 1-3 facilitates the atomization of liquids, such as residual fuels. that cannot readily be vaporized for the purpose of accelerating chemical reactions or carrying such reactions closer to completion in a shorter time interval.
  • the fluid is finely atomized to a sufficiently small droplet size so as to in sure thorough mixing with a gas, or in the case of a combustion process, a mixture of air and carbon dioxide or simply air.
  • a combustion process such as a mixture of gases
  • vapor and finely atomized fuel will burn in a manner which is substantially equivalent to a completely vaporized fuel with combustion supporting gases.
  • Such mixing of the atomized fuel with air and perhaps carbon dioxide as well as other products of hydrocarbon combustion and air may occur prior to the introduction of the mixture into the furnace zone. That portion ofthe fuel which is not vaporized is so finely at omized as to be easily suspended in the premixing gas.
  • the combustion reaction volume of the furnace is reduced by al lowing the combustion process of finely divided fluid droplets to be so rapid that a flame can behave as if the fuel was prevaporized allowing a substantial reduction in furnace volume.
  • the droplet size the size of long chain carbon particles formed in liquid reactions are minimized thus reducing the dwell time necessary for the resulting particles to be oxidized.
  • first means for producing an emulsion ofa liquid fuel and a second liquid second means coupled to said first means for pressurizing and heating said liquid to an energy level such that said emulsion will atomize upon being discharged into a lower pressure atmosphere
  • nozzle means disposed within said combustion zone and coupled to said second means for receiving said pressurized fluid and for releasing the same into the lower pressure atmosphere of said combustion zone whereby said emulsion will atomize
  • said second means including heating means and pressurizing means
  • said heating means including first heat exchange means external of said combustion zone for receiving said emulsion, and second heat exchange means exposed to heat generated in said combustion zone and for transferring the same to said first heat exchange means.
  • said first means includes a vessel for receiving said fuel and said second liquid, and impeller means within said vessel for mixing said liquids to produce an emulsion thereof.
  • first means including a vessel for receiving a liquid fuel and a second liquid, and impeller means within said vessel for mixing said liquids to produce an emulsion thereof
  • second means coupled to said first means for pressurizing and heating said emulsion to an energy level such that said emulsion will atomize upon being discharged into a lower pressure atmosphere
  • discharge means coupled to said second means for receiving said pressurized fluid and for releasing the same to the lower pressure atmosphere whereby said emulsion will atomize.
  • a combination process comprising the steps of:
  • said second liquid having a lower flash temperature relative to the pressure of said combustion zone than said fuel
  • a process of atomizing fuel comprising the steps of:
  • said second liquid having a lower flash temperature relative to the pressure of said receiving zone than said fuel.
  • a process of atomizing fuel comprising the steps of:
  • said second liquid having a lower flash temperature relative to the pressure of said receiving zone than said fuel.
  • a process for atomizing in a first zone a liquid having a plurality of constituents having different vaporizing temperatures for any given pressure heating said liquid to a selected temperature that is more than the flash temperature of a first portion of the constituents of said mixture at the pressure of said zone and below the flash temperature of the remaining constitutents of said liquid at said pressure. containing said mixture in a system, pressurizing said liquid to a pressure in excess of the flash point pressure of said first portion of said constituents for said predetermined temperatu re to prevent vaporization in said system, and releasing said pressurized liquid into a lower pressure atmosphere whereby at least one of the constituents of said liquid will flash to subdivide the other constituents of said liquid into smaller sized droplets.
  • Apparatus for atomizing a first liquid in a pressure medium first means for forming an emulsion of said first liquid and a second liquid having a lower flash temperature in said pressure medium than said first liquid, second means for containing said emulsion. third means for heating said contained emulsion to a temperature above the flash temperature of said second liquid in said pressure medium and below the flash temperature of said first liquid in said pressure medium, fourth means for pressurizing said contained liquid to a pres sure above the pressure at which said second pressure will flash in said second means. and discharge means for releasing said contained emulsion into said first pressure medium whereby a substantial portion of said second liquid flashes to atomize said first liquid.
  • said first liquid comprises a fuel and including means defining a combustion zone, said discharge means comprising a nozzle means for discharging said emulsion into said combustion zone.
  • said first means includes a vessel for receiving said fuel and said second liquid, and impeller means within said vessel for mixing said liquids to produce an emulsion thereof.
  • said first means includes a vessel for receiving said first and second liquids, and impeller means within said vessel for mixing said liquids to produce an emulsion thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
US429559A 1974-01-02 1974-01-02 Atomizing method and apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3876363A (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US429559A US3876363A (en) 1974-01-02 1974-01-02 Atomizing method and apparatus
CA214,787A CA1028938A (en) 1974-01-02 1974-11-26 Atomizing method and apparatus
GB5177174A GB1467858A (en) 1974-01-02 1974-11-29 Atomizing method and apparatus
BE151229A BE823035A (fr) 1974-01-02 1974-12-06 Appareil et procede d'atomisation
NL7415902A NL7415902A (nl) 1974-01-02 1974-12-06 Inrichting om een vloeistof te atomiseren en ijze voor het atomiseren van een vloeistof.
ZA00747777A ZA747777B (en) 1974-01-02 1974-12-06 Atomizing method and apparatus
FR7440142A FR2255960B1 (nl) 1974-01-02 1974-12-06
JP49142082A JPS5098904A (nl) 1974-01-02 1974-12-12
ES432882A ES432882A1 (es) 1974-01-02 1974-12-13 Procedimiento para atomizar un liquido en una zona y apara-to para su realizacion.
IT30575/74A IT1027697B (it) 1974-01-02 1974-12-13 Procedimento ed apparecchiatura per la nerulizzazione di liquidi
DE19742459040 DE2459040A1 (de) 1974-01-02 1974-12-13 Zerstaeubungsverfahren
CH1664074A CH591900A5 (nl) 1974-01-02 1974-12-13

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US429559A US3876363A (en) 1974-01-02 1974-01-02 Atomizing method and apparatus

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US (1) US3876363A (nl)
JP (1) JPS5098904A (nl)
BE (1) BE823035A (nl)
CA (1) CA1028938A (nl)
CH (1) CH591900A5 (nl)
DE (1) DE2459040A1 (nl)
ES (1) ES432882A1 (nl)
FR (1) FR2255960B1 (nl)
GB (1) GB1467858A (nl)
IT (1) IT1027697B (nl)
NL (1) NL7415902A (nl)
ZA (1) ZA747777B (nl)

Cited By (33)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4013396A (en) * 1975-08-25 1977-03-22 Tenney William L Fuel aerosolization apparatus and method
FR2334408A1 (fr) * 1975-12-12 1977-07-08 Dynatrol Consult Appareil melangeur
US4144014A (en) * 1977-01-04 1979-03-13 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Process for the thermal combustion of waste gases and thermal after-burning plant for carrying out said process
EP0009520A1 (en) * 1978-08-09 1980-04-16 R.E. Folland Consultants Inc. Emulsifying system and method for mixing accurate quantities of two or more liquids
EP0019421A2 (en) * 1979-05-17 1980-11-26 John Zink Company Method of burning a liquid fuel and water mixture as gaseous fuel and apparatus for carrying out said method
WO1980002589A1 (en) * 1979-05-23 1980-11-27 Paulista Caldeiras Compac Process and method for emulsion and burning of combustible oil
WO1981002687A1 (en) * 1980-03-14 1981-10-01 J Gallagher Water-in-oil emulsifier and oil-burner system incorporating such emulsifier
US4342656A (en) * 1978-05-08 1982-08-03 Scm Corporation Process for disposal of aqueous lipoidal wastes
US4416610A (en) * 1980-03-14 1983-11-22 Hydroil, Inc. Water-in-oil emulsifier and oil-burner boiler system incorporating such emulsifier
US4419071A (en) * 1981-08-03 1983-12-06 John Zink Company Portable high-flow rate flare for smokeless burning of viscous liquid fuels
US4609811A (en) * 1985-08-16 1986-09-02 Danner Timothy J Electric heat exchanger
FR2600755A1 (fr) * 1986-06-26 1987-12-31 Pivernat Thierry Systeme d'alimentation des bruleurs fonctionnant a emulsion fuel-eau
US5171613A (en) * 1990-09-21 1992-12-15 Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation Apparatus and methods for application of coatings with supercritical fluids as diluents by spraying from an orifice
WO1993021480A1 (en) * 1992-04-16 1993-10-28 Homero Lopes & Associados - Engenharia E Comércio Ltda. Hydro-oily emulsion burning process
WO1998030841A1 (en) 1997-01-10 1998-07-16 Velke William H Combustion method and device for fluid hydrocarbon fuels
US5888060A (en) * 1996-04-17 1999-03-30 Velke; William H. Method and device to increase combustion efficiency heating appliances
WO2003006881A1 (en) 2001-07-10 2003-01-23 Velke William H Fuel injection method and device to increase combustion dynamics and efficiency in combustion equipment operating with fluid hydrocarbon fuels
US20040107691A1 (en) * 2002-12-06 2004-06-10 Parsons Douglas A. Fuel system utilizing dual mixing pump
US20040261676A1 (en) * 2003-06-09 2004-12-30 Choi Donald H Utilization of exhaust heat for conversion of water to fuel
FR2858392A1 (fr) * 2003-07-28 2005-02-04 Pierre Marie Louis Boussange Installation d'alimentation en combustible d'une chaudiere a bruleur fioul participante d'une installation de chauffage et d'alimentation en eau chaude de locaux
US20070099135A1 (en) * 2005-11-01 2007-05-03 Frank Schubach Waste oil heater system
US20080092544A1 (en) * 2006-10-18 2008-04-24 Lean Flame, Inc. Premixer for gas and fuel for use in combination with energy release/conversion device
US20100154430A1 (en) * 2008-12-22 2010-06-24 Krishan Lal Luthra System and method for operating a gas turbine using vanadium-containing fuels
US20110061391A1 (en) * 2009-09-13 2011-03-17 Kendrick Donald W Vortex premixer for combustion apparatus
US20120315586A1 (en) * 2011-06-09 2012-12-13 Gas Technology Institute METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR LOW-NOx DUAL-FUEL COMBUSTION OF LIQUID AND/OR GASEOUS FUELS
FR2977928A1 (fr) * 2011-07-12 2013-01-18 Pyraine Incinerateur de dechets tres energetiques
US20140060057A1 (en) * 2012-09-05 2014-03-06 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for heating liquid fuel supplied to a gas turbine combustor
US20180073726A1 (en) * 2016-09-14 2018-03-15 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Heat and hydrogen generation device
US10648430B2 (en) * 2011-01-24 2020-05-12 Walter P. Jenkins Apparatus, system, and method for vaporizing fuel mixture
US11434817B2 (en) * 2017-10-10 2022-09-06 General Electric Company Systems for supplying liquid fuel emulsion to a combustion system of a gas turbine
US11439183B2 (en) 2017-02-10 2022-09-13 Nicoventures Trading Limited Vapor provision system
US11800898B2 (en) 2017-12-20 2023-10-31 Nicoventures Trading Limited Electronic aerosol provision system
US11871795B2 (en) 2017-12-20 2024-01-16 Nicoventures Trading Limited Electronic aerosol provision system

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FR2445931A2 (fr) * 1978-07-21 1980-08-01 Citroen Sa Installation permettant de bruler des emulsions eau-huile soluble-fuel
FR2489170A1 (fr) * 1980-09-01 1982-03-05 Minera Metalurgica Penarroya E Installation pour l'emulsionnement des huiles lourdes
JP4591282B2 (ja) * 2005-08-30 2010-12-01 株式会社日立製作所 ガスタービン発電装置
DE102010033709A1 (de) * 2010-08-06 2012-02-09 Helmut Treß Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reaktion kohlenstoffhaltiger Brennstoffe mit Sauerstoff und Wasser

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US3589314A (en) * 1968-07-13 1971-06-29 Siemens Ag Method and device for pressure spraying and burning a coal dust-water mixture
US3731876A (en) * 1971-03-19 1973-05-08 M Showalter Injection spray systems
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US3749318A (en) * 1971-03-01 1973-07-31 E Cottell Combustion method and apparatus burning an intimate emulsion of fuel and water
US3731876A (en) * 1971-03-19 1973-05-08 M Showalter Injection spray systems

Cited By (46)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4013396A (en) * 1975-08-25 1977-03-22 Tenney William L Fuel aerosolization apparatus and method
FR2334408A1 (fr) * 1975-12-12 1977-07-08 Dynatrol Consult Appareil melangeur
US4144014A (en) * 1977-01-04 1979-03-13 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Process for the thermal combustion of waste gases and thermal after-burning plant for carrying out said process
US4342656A (en) * 1978-05-08 1982-08-03 Scm Corporation Process for disposal of aqueous lipoidal wastes
EP0009520A1 (en) * 1978-08-09 1980-04-16 R.E. Folland Consultants Inc. Emulsifying system and method for mixing accurate quantities of two or more liquids
EP0019421A2 (en) * 1979-05-17 1980-11-26 John Zink Company Method of burning a liquid fuel and water mixture as gaseous fuel and apparatus for carrying out said method
EP0019421A3 (en) * 1979-05-17 1981-01-14 John Zink Company Method of burning a liquid fuel and water mixture as gaseous fuel and apparatus for carrying out said method
WO1980002589A1 (en) * 1979-05-23 1980-11-27 Paulista Caldeiras Compac Process and method for emulsion and burning of combustible oil
US4416610A (en) * 1980-03-14 1983-11-22 Hydroil, Inc. Water-in-oil emulsifier and oil-burner boiler system incorporating such emulsifier
US4344752A (en) * 1980-03-14 1982-08-17 The Trane Company Water-in-oil emulsifier and oil-burner boiler system incorporating such emulsifier
WO1981002687A1 (en) * 1980-03-14 1981-10-01 J Gallagher Water-in-oil emulsifier and oil-burner system incorporating such emulsifier
US4419071A (en) * 1981-08-03 1983-12-06 John Zink Company Portable high-flow rate flare for smokeless burning of viscous liquid fuels
US4609811A (en) * 1985-08-16 1986-09-02 Danner Timothy J Electric heat exchanger
FR2600755A1 (fr) * 1986-06-26 1987-12-31 Pivernat Thierry Systeme d'alimentation des bruleurs fonctionnant a emulsion fuel-eau
EP0252864A1 (fr) * 1986-06-26 1988-01-13 Thierry Pibernat Système d'alimentation des brûleurs fonctionnant à émulsion fuel-eau
US5171613A (en) * 1990-09-21 1992-12-15 Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation Apparatus and methods for application of coatings with supercritical fluids as diluents by spraying from an orifice
WO1993021480A1 (en) * 1992-04-16 1993-10-28 Homero Lopes & Associados - Engenharia E Comércio Ltda. Hydro-oily emulsion burning process
US5511969A (en) * 1992-04-16 1996-04-30 Homero Lopes & Associados Hydro-oily emulsion burning process
US5888060A (en) * 1996-04-17 1999-03-30 Velke; William H. Method and device to increase combustion efficiency heating appliances
WO1998030841A1 (en) 1997-01-10 1998-07-16 Velke William H Combustion method and device for fluid hydrocarbon fuels
WO2003006881A1 (en) 2001-07-10 2003-01-23 Velke William H Fuel injection method and device to increase combustion dynamics and efficiency in combustion equipment operating with fluid hydrocarbon fuels
US20040107691A1 (en) * 2002-12-06 2004-06-10 Parsons Douglas A. Fuel system utilizing dual mixing pump
US7810309B2 (en) * 2002-12-06 2010-10-12 Hamilton Sundstrand Fuel system utilizing dual mixing pump
US20040261676A1 (en) * 2003-06-09 2004-12-30 Choi Donald H Utilization of exhaust heat for conversion of water to fuel
FR2858392A1 (fr) * 2003-07-28 2005-02-04 Pierre Marie Louis Boussange Installation d'alimentation en combustible d'une chaudiere a bruleur fioul participante d'une installation de chauffage et d'alimentation en eau chaude de locaux
US20070099135A1 (en) * 2005-11-01 2007-05-03 Frank Schubach Waste oil heater system
US20080092544A1 (en) * 2006-10-18 2008-04-24 Lean Flame, Inc. Premixer for gas and fuel for use in combination with energy release/conversion device
US20100154430A1 (en) * 2008-12-22 2010-06-24 Krishan Lal Luthra System and method for operating a gas turbine using vanadium-containing fuels
US8549862B2 (en) 2009-09-13 2013-10-08 Lean Flame, Inc. Method of fuel staging in combustion apparatus
US8689561B2 (en) 2009-09-13 2014-04-08 Donald W. Kendrick Vortex premixer for combustion apparatus
US20110061395A1 (en) * 2009-09-13 2011-03-17 Kendrick Donald W Method of fuel staging in combustion apparatus
US20110061392A1 (en) * 2009-09-13 2011-03-17 Kendrick Donald W Combustion cavity layouts for fuel staging in trapped vortex combustors
US20110061390A1 (en) * 2009-09-13 2011-03-17 Kendrick Donald W Inlet premixer for combustion apparatus
US8689562B2 (en) 2009-09-13 2014-04-08 Donald W. Kendrick Combustion cavity layouts for fuel staging in trapped vortex combustors
US20110061391A1 (en) * 2009-09-13 2011-03-17 Kendrick Donald W Vortex premixer for combustion apparatus
US10648430B2 (en) * 2011-01-24 2020-05-12 Walter P. Jenkins Apparatus, system, and method for vaporizing fuel mixture
US8899969B2 (en) * 2011-06-09 2014-12-02 Gas Technology Institute Method and system for low-NOx dual-fuel combustion of liquid and/or gaseous fuels
US20120315586A1 (en) * 2011-06-09 2012-12-13 Gas Technology Institute METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR LOW-NOx DUAL-FUEL COMBUSTION OF LIQUID AND/OR GASEOUS FUELS
FR2977928A1 (fr) * 2011-07-12 2013-01-18 Pyraine Incinerateur de dechets tres energetiques
US20140060057A1 (en) * 2012-09-05 2014-03-06 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for heating liquid fuel supplied to a gas turbine combustor
US9057327B2 (en) * 2012-09-05 2015-06-16 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for heating liquid fuel supplied to a gas turbine combustor
US20180073726A1 (en) * 2016-09-14 2018-03-15 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Heat and hydrogen generation device
US11439183B2 (en) 2017-02-10 2022-09-13 Nicoventures Trading Limited Vapor provision system
US11434817B2 (en) * 2017-10-10 2022-09-06 General Electric Company Systems for supplying liquid fuel emulsion to a combustion system of a gas turbine
US11800898B2 (en) 2017-12-20 2023-10-31 Nicoventures Trading Limited Electronic aerosol provision system
US11871795B2 (en) 2017-12-20 2024-01-16 Nicoventures Trading Limited Electronic aerosol provision system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2255960A1 (nl) 1975-07-25
FR2255960B1 (nl) 1978-09-29
DE2459040A1 (de) 1975-07-10
CA1028938A (en) 1978-04-04
GB1467858A (en) 1977-03-23
BE823035A (fr) 1975-04-01
ZA747777B (en) 1976-01-28
IT1027697B (it) 1978-12-20
NL7415902A (nl) 1975-07-04
ES432882A1 (es) 1976-11-01
JPS5098904A (nl) 1975-08-06
CH591900A5 (nl) 1977-10-14

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