US3868000A - Closure system - Google Patents

Abstract

A closure system including a door mounted to open and close an entrance, a first object detector including a transmitter of radiant energy and a detector thereof, and a second object detector including a ribbon switch mounted on the edge of the door which leads upon closure thereof. A source of electrical potential energizes a translating device via the ribbon switch, until the ribbon is actuated, which deenergizes the translating device. The first object detector controls the operation of the door when an object interrupts radiant energy from the transmitter, and the translating device of the second detector controls the operation of the door when it is deenergized.

Description

. t United States Patent 11 1 1111 3,868,000

Spear et al. Y Feb. 25, 1975 1 1 CLOSURE SYSTEM 3,710,050 1/1973 Richards ..49/28X [75] Inventors: Richard M. Spear, Jersey City; FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS LWIS CaPuam, Westfield, both 685,788 5/1964 Canada 187/52 of NJ.

[73] Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Primary ExaminerEvon C. Blunk Pittsburgh, Pa. Assistant Examiner-James L. Rowland Filed: Dec. 1973 Attorney, Agent, or FzrmD. R. Lackey A closure system including a door mounted to open [52] US. Cl 187/52, 49/25, ZOO/61.43 and Close an entrance 3 fi Object detector including [5 [Illa t itt f di t energy d a d t t th f I58] Flew of Search 187/52561 I; and a second object detector including a ribbon switch 49/25-28, 366-370; 200/6143 mounted on the edge of the door which leads upon I closure thereof. A source of electrical potential ener- I56I References Cted gizes a translating device via the ribbon switch, until UNITED STATES PATENTS the ribbon is actuated, which deenergizes the translat- 1,511,055 10/1924 Entwistle ZOO/61.43 ing device- The first Object detector Controls the P 1,947,079 2/1934 E1115 187/52 ation of the door when an object interrupts radiant en- 2,637,878 5/1953 Watkins 49/367 X ergy from the transmitter, and the translating device 2,843,690 7/1953 Miller r r 1 49/27 X of the second detector controls the operation of the 2,953,219 9/1960 Drexler 187/48 door when it is deenergize 3,321,592 5/1967 Miller ZOO/61.43 3,627,082 12/1971 Berkovitz 187/52 3 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures 25 33 Q I- 1 I o I 3| (k 2? I 2| 0 ,2 (g

I I9 02 4 A2IAA9 Y. .Ifsg/ r" D3 I '0 J 1:112:11:

I 01- I 1.1 1.2 I 1 r I I l I A13 5 I RSI H I 1 I I I l I I r I R'ro l A17 17 l Y I, 35 I i I I 1 1 I a 1 1 I I I I I Tl I I I I T2 68 I I 1 I Q I Q i I 74 I g4;

1 CLOSURE SYSTEM BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates in general to closure systems, and more specifically to object detecting arrangements for closure or door control which are especially suitable for elevator systems.

2. Description of the Prior Art In closure systems of the prior art, especially those used in elevator systems, it is common to provide some means for preventing the closure or door from striking an object in its closing path. One well known type of door protective device employs a beam of radiant energy which is projected across the elevator car opening. Interruption of the beam by an object disposed substantially in the closing path of the car and hoistway doors results in a modification of the door operation, such as by stopping and reversing the doors.

Another commonly used type of door pfitectivekie vice is the mechanical safety edge. When the mechanical safety edge, usually disposed on the car door, is depressed, limit switches are actuated which are connected in the door control circuits to effect a predetermined control action. U.S. Pat. No. 2,953,219, which is assigned to the same assignee as the present application, discloses a safety edge for the car door which is provided by disposing transmitters of radiant energy and detectors thereof on the car door, such that vertical beams of radiant energy are disposed along the edge of the car door to detect objects having a predetermined relationship with the edge of the door.

As illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 3,063,516, which is assigned to the same assignee as the present application, it is also known, in a single closure system, to employ both the mechanical safety edge protection, which is effective when the door contacts or bears a certain predetermined relationship to an object, and protection for modifying the door action when an object is detected in the door opening irrespective of the location of the door relative, to the object.

Copending applications Ser. Nos. 426,180 and 426,261, filed concurrently with the present application, and assigned to the same assignee as the present application, discloses new and improved closure systems for entranceways which utilize beams of radiant energy to provide safety edge protection on the leading edge of a closing door panel, eliminating the need for a mechanical safety edge. While a mechanical safety edge functions satisfactorily, it reduces the width of the door opening when the door, or door panels are open, or opening, the mechanical safety edge requires means for retracting the edge just before the door is fully closed, and since it is mechanical in nature it requires periodic maintenance due to wear and other mechanical problems. Should the radiant energy system which functions as a safety edge fail in a mode which permits the doors to continue to operate, some backup system should be present which will perform the function of a safety edge. Since the advantage of the radiant beam safety edge arrangements is in the elimination of the mechanical safety edge, it would defeat the purpose of these arrangements to provide a mechanical safety edge as backup protection.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Briefly, the present invention relates to new and improved closure systems, and especially to new and improved closure systems for elevators. An entranceway having a door mounted for movement to open and close the entranceway includes first object detecting means of the radiant beam type, wherein a transmitter of radiant energy and a detector thereof are arranged to detect an object disposed substantially within the entranceway when the radiant energy from the transmitter is prevented from reaching the detector due to the object. The first object detecting means preferably includes at least one radiant beam and detector thereof arranged to provide detection of an object having a predetermined relationship with the edge of the door which leads upon closure thereof. The detector is arranged to control the operation of the door when it does not receive radiant energy.

A second object detecting means provides a backup door edge object detecting function without resorting to a retractable, mechanical door safety edge device. The second object detecting means includes a ribbon or strip switch having normally separated electrically conductive elements, which is mounted on and along the edge of the door which leads upon closure. A source of electrical potential energizes a translating device via the electrically conductive elements of the ribbon switch. An object actuating the ribbon switch shunts the supply of electrical potential from the translating device, and the resulting deenergized condition of the translating device controls the operation of the door.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention may be better understood and further advantages and uses thereof more readily apparent, when considered in view of the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments, taken with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a view in front elevation, with portions broken away, of an elevator car having a closure system embodying the teachings of the invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a ribbon switch which may be used in the closure system of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of the center opening doors of FIG. 1 shown in their fully closed position with ribbon switches mounted on the adjacent edges of the doors;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the energization of a translating device via the normally separated elements of two serially connected ribbon switches;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of door control apparatus suitable for operating the closure system of FIG. I;

FIG. 6 is a fragmentary view, in front elevation, of an elevatorcar having another closure system embodying the teachings of the invention; and

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram ofdoor control apparatus suitable for operating the closure system shown in FIG. 6.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS While the invention is applicable to closures designed for various applications, it is especially suitable for doors employed in elevator systems. Thus, the invention will be described with particular reference to elevator closures or doors. Further, the invention is applicable to doors of various types, such as center opening, side opening, single speed, and two speed assemblies. For purposes of example,'reference will be made to door assemblies of the center opening, power operated type, such as employed in elevator systems. In order to simplify its presentation, the invention is assumed to be applied to an elevator car employing the center opening, horizontally slidable doors, and controls therefor, as illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 2,992,818, which patent is assigned to the same assignee as the present application. Only the portion of the controls of this patent necessary to understand the invention will be described. If the description of the complete control is desired, reference may be had to this patent for a detailed description.

Referring now to the drawings, and FIG. 1 in particular, there is shown an elevator system 1 which includes an elevator car 2 mounted for movement in the hoistway 3 of an associated building or structure to serve the landings or floors therein. FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of the elevator car 2 which is illustrated parked at a landing with its doors open. The associated hoistway or'hatch doors which close and expose the opening to the hoistway from the associated landing are not shown in FIG. 1, for clarity. The elevator car 2 includes center opening car doors, shown fully open, with the car doors comprising two sections5 and A5. A number of similar components are employed for .the door sections 5 and A5. Insofar as is practicable, a component for the door section A5 which is similar to a component for the door section 5 will be identified by the same reference numeral as is employed for the corresponding componentassociated with the door section 5 prefixed by the letter A.

The door section 5 is provided with a door hanger 7 on which door hanger wheels are mounted forrotation. The door hanger wheels for the door sections 5 and A5 are positioned for movement along a horizontallymounted track 11 in a conventional manner. The track is secured to the elevator car by any suitable means. Movement of the door section 5 is affected by a lever 13 pivotally mounted on the elevator car by means of a pin 15. Thelower end of the lever '13 is pivotally connected to one end of a link 17, the other end of the-link being pivotally connected to the door section 5. The lever 13 is coupled to the lever A13 by a link 19, the ends of which are pivotally attached to the levers 13 and A13 by pivots 21 and A21, respectively. The pivot 21 is positioned above the pin'l5, whereas the pivot A21 is located below the pin A15. Consequently, rotation of the lever l3'to close the door section 5 moves the link 19 in the proper direction to close the door section A5.

The lever 13 preferably is operated by a suitable door operator engine 23 which may include a reversible electric motor 25 coupled through suitable gearing to a shaft 27. The shaft 27 carries an arm 29 which is pivotally connected to one end of a link 31, the remaining end of the link 31 being pivotally connected to the levver 13. Consequently, the motor 25 may be energized in a conventional manner for the purpose of opening and closing the door sections 5 and A5. When the door 1 is to be opened, the motor 25 is operated to rotate the arm 29 in a clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 1. In order to reclose the door, the electric motor is reversed.

controlling the doors rate of acceleration and deceleration. Each cam is symmetrical and operates two spring-closed contacts, one contact being located on each side of the cam. For each direction of door movement, a separate and identical set of contacts is actuated, one for the opening movement of thedoor, the

other for the closing movement of the door. Such arrangement is well known in the art.

The car door sections 5 and A5 are associated with hoistway door sections (not shown). The hoistway or hatchdoor sections are operable for opening and closing an entranceway to the hoistway. Although the hoistway door sections may be operated by any conventional door operator, the hoistway sections are preferably operated by the door operator 23 mounted on the elevator car 2 via cooperative vane and drive block members 35 and 36, respectively. The vane 35 is secured to the car door section 5 and is adapted for reception in a slot of the drive block 36, which is secured to the hoistway door section. A suitable linkage (not shown), similar to that disposed between the car door sections '5 and A5, or cable related,.is provided between the two hoistway door sections.'Thus, operation of the door operator mounted on the elevator car effects movement of both the cars and hoistway door sec tions in unison.

During the closing operation of the car and hoistway doors it is highly desirable that the door sections be prevented from striking an object located in theclosing paths thereof. The invention utilizesa first object detector arrangement which includes a transmitter of radiant energy and detector thereof, and a second object Ser. No. 426,261, with the reference numerals of FIG. I

1 being the same as in FIG. 1 of this copending application to facilitate reference to the copending application should a more detailed description of the arrangement .be desired. The first object detecting means includes transmitter means and detector means 62 associated with the left hand car and hoistway door sections, as

viewed in FIG. 1, and transmitter means 64 and detec-' tor means 66, associated, with the right hand car and hoistway door sections. Since the arrangement and operation of the object detecting means is similar for the left and right hand door sections, only the object de tecting means for the left hand door sections will be described in detail.

Transmitter means 60 is mounted oncar door section 5, preferably towards the bottom thereof, and adjacent to the leading edge of the door with reference to the closing direction of the door. Transmitter means 60 is arranged to provide at least one beam of radiant energy, and preferably atleast two, as illustrated, with first and second radiant beams 68 and 70 being provided by transmitter devices T1 and T2, respectively.

Transmitter devices T1 and T2 are positioned to direct or project the radiant beams 68 and 70 across the small opening between the elevator car 2 and the hoistway wall to the sill 74 associated withthe hoistway entrance. At least one of the beams, such as beam 68,.is directed to strike the sill 74 on the corridor side of the hoistway door as opposed to the hoistway side, and the other beam is projected to strike the sill substantially adjacent to the edge of the hoistway'door. The beams 68 and 70 of radiant energy are directed to predetermined spots or locations on the sill 74, which locations will move across the sill 74 with movement of the car doors and their associated hatch door sections. In order to project the beams of radiant energy across the opening between the elevator car and hoistway wall to the corridor side of the sill 74, it may be necessary'to remove a small portion of the sight guard (not shown.) which blocks the view into the space between the car 2 and hoistway wall 3. However, since it is only necessary to remove the sight guard close to the floor level,

it will not be'noticeable to prospective passengers It is important to note that at least the portions of the sill 74 to which the beams 68 and 70 of radiant energy are directed throughout movement of their associated car door section, be formed of a material which has a non-specular surface and which will not become polished or specular during use, A sill constructed of a fairly rough bronze, i.e., unpolished, has been found to be satisfactory, but any material may be used which will scatter the reflection of the beam of energy from its surface, instead of reflecting the beam with a sharply defined projectionQA sill formed of a metallic grit, such as aluminum .oxide, held together with a suitable binder, such as epoxy resin, isalso suitable, as the small metallic particles uniformly scatter the reflection of the beam of radiant energyfrom its surface,

-Detector means 62, which is sensitive to the level of includes the same number of detector devices as there areradiant beams to detect. In other words, when two transmitters, T1 and T2 are used to transmit two beams 68 and 70, detector means 62 will include two detectors. D1 and D2. Detector means 62 is mounted for movement with car door section 5, and each detector beam R68 in FIG. 1, proceeds past the edge of the hoistway door, about 3 inches therefrom, and extends the object detection zone out to the point where detection of an object provides time for the closing door to stop without contact with the person or object interrupting this reflection.

The object detecting means for the right hand door sections are similar to those for those for the left hand door sections, with the transmitter means including transmitter device T3 and T4, directed to sill 74, and the detector means '66 includes detectors D3 and D4 aimed to the sill such that their line of sight intersects Detector devices 62 and 66 are offset from one another to permit them to pass upon closure of the doors. The 3 inch detectors D1 and D3 are rendered ineffective by a limit switch Ll disposed to cutout these dethe photovoltaic type, as desired. Such detecting dethe reflection which will be received from the. sill 74,

device of detector means 62 is aimed to intersect a beam of radiant energy at the sill 74. A suitable detector is Photo-bells side sensitive receiver type RPS3R.

Detector means 62 is mounted at the top of the car door 5 with detector device D1 spaced from the edge of the door.5 such as about 3 inches, and with detector device D2 spaced from the edge of the door 5, such as about one half inch. The reflection path from the sill 74 to detector device D2, indicated by beam R70 in FIG. 1, proceeds past the edge of the hoistway door about one half inch'therefrom. Therefore, an object such as a hand placed on the edge of the hoistway door 34 will interrupt the reflection from the sill 74 to detector D2, and this interruption initiates a control action in the door control circuit to retard further closing movement, and to reverse the doors, if desired. The reflection path from the sill 74 todetector D1, indicated by vices also are well known. Reference may be made to US. Pat. No. 2,900,521 for construction details of suitable radiant energy transmitting and detecting devices.

Should the first object detector arrangement of FIG. I fail in a mode which permits the doors to continue to open and close, there would be no door edge protection for objects in the closing paths of the door sections. Backup door edge section is provided, according to the teachings of the invention, .byproviding strip or ribbon switches on the car and/or hoistwaydoors. For purposes of example they will only be described as being applied to the car doors, as the same. arrangement can be used for the hoistway doors. More specifically ribbon switches RS1 and RS2 are disposed on the edges of the movable car door sections 5 and A5, respectively, which edges are the leading edgesof the door sections during closure thereof. A ribbon switch, such as the ribbon switches available from Tapeswitch Corporation of America, Farmingdale, N.Y., has a thickness dimension of only about 0.25' inch, including an actuation bead, and a width dimension of about 0.75 inch, and they are obtainable in len'gths'suitable for protecting the complete lengths of a door edge of an elevator car, The ribbon switches may be held in place by a suitable adhesive applied to the back side of the switch, or a plastic mounting channel may be secured to the edge of the door, with the ribbon switch being mounted in the mounting channel. A contact pressure of only about 8 ounces, applied anywhere along the length of the ribbon switch, will actuate the switch.

As illustratedmost clearly in FIG. 2, which is an en larged cross sectional view of ribbon switch RS1, the ribbon switch includes two spaced electrically conductive elements or spring conductors 200 and 202, surrounded by a plastic or rubber jacketing structure 204 which may incllude an integral bead 206 on the side of the beams of transmitter devicesT3 and T4 at the sill elements 200 and 202, when the switchis subjected to a contact pressure or force. Further, this switch does not require a retraction mechanism, it requires little or no maintenance, and it occupies only about 0.25 inch of the door opening.

FIG. 3 illustrates a fragmentary plane view, in section, of doors and A5, with the relative placement of the ribbon switches being such that the ribbon switches RS1 and RS2 function as an astragal on the meeting stiles of the center opening doors. The switches RS1 and RS2 are arranged relative to one another such that their beads overlap when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the major planes of the doors, thus blocking a view between the adjacent edges of the closed doors. A spacer 208 is fixed to one of the doors, such as near the top of door A5, which prevents the doors from closing to the point where one ribbon switch would actuate the other.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a ribbon switch arrangement using theribbonswitches RS1 and RS2 shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. This schematic arrangement is also applicable, to a door having a single section or panel, thus having a single ribbon switch, instead of the two switches required for the double, center opening doors illustrated in FIG. 1.

, Atranslating device 210 is connected to a source 212 of electrical potential via electrically conductive elements ofthe ribbon switches RS1 and RS2. The ends -of the elements 200 and 2020f switch RS1 are connected to ends of the elements 200 and 202', respecoutput of secondary winding 218 may be rectified, if

desired, or the alternating potential may be applied directly to the serially connected ribbon switches, as illustrated. Transplanting device 210 may be an electromagnetic relay of the alternating or direct current type, depending jupon the'characteristic of the voltage applied to the device via the ribbon switches. Device 210 includes an electromagnetic coil 222 connected to the ribbon switch RS2 and a normally open contact 224.

Translating-device 210 may also be a solid state relay,

as desired. Device 210 is connected to be continuously energized from source 212 via the serially connected elements of the ribbon switches RS1 and RS2, until one of the ribbon switches is actuated'When either of the ribbon switches RS1 or RS2 is actuated, causing its electrically conductive elements to contact one another, the source 212 is shunted from device 210, with resistor 220 being selected to limit the current magnitude to a predetermined maximum value during this period of time. The shunting of the source potential from translating device 210 causes it to switch or change to its de-energized condition, opening its contacts 224. A failure of source 212, or a discontinuity of the circuit between source 212 and device 210, will alsocause device 210 to become de-energized, opening its contact 224. The circuit effect of Contact 224 will now be described, with reference to FIG. 5, which is a schematic diagram for door control apparatus which may be used to operate the door controller 33 shown in FIG. 1. Except for the addition of contact-224, the circuit dia-- gram of FIG. 5 is the same as the circuit diagram shown in FIG. 4 of copending application Ser. No. 426,261.

More specifically, FIG. 5 illustrates an armature 25A and a field winding 25F of the door operating motor 25 shown in FIG. 1. Electrical energy for the control circuit is derived from a pair of direct-current buses L+ and L. It will be observed that the motor field winding 25F is connected directly across the buses L+ and L. In parallel with the field winding25F is a rectifier of a conventional type, such as silicon. Current flows through the rectifier 35 in the direction indicated by its circuit symbol. Thus the rectifier 90 provides a path for induced current as a result of the collapse of the motor field windings magnetic field inthe event that power is removed from the buses L+ and L.

The motor 25 is energized to open or to close the car door by operation of a switch SW. Although thismay be a manually operated switch, in apreferred embodiment of the invention this switch represents-the contacts of a relay or relays employed in any conventional door operating system to initiate an opening or a closing operation of the door. Thus, upward movement of the operating member of the switch SW, as viewed inFIG. 4, to close its contacts SWl,completes, with a limit switch 37 and break contacts CLl of a door closing relay CL, a circuit connecting a door opening relay OP across the buses L+ and L for ,energization.

The limit switch 37 is, opened as the door arrives at its fully open position by a cam located in the control as-v sembly 33. v Downward movement of the operating member of the switch SW resultsin closure of its contacts SW2 to i complete, with a limit switch39 and break contacts 0P1 of the door opening relay OP, a circuit connecting the door relay CL across the buses L+ and L- for energization. The limit switch 39 is opened as the door arrives at its fully closed position by a cam located in the control assembly 33. v The break contacts CLl prevent energization, therethrough of the door opening relay OP when the door closing relay CLis energized. The break contactsOPl operatein a similar manner in the circuit of the door closing relay CL. Also associated withthe relay OP are make'contacts 0P2 and 0P4 and break contacts 0P3. Associated with the relay CL are make contacts CL2 and CL4 and break contacts CL3. These contacts control energization of the motor armature 25A, the circuits for energization of the armature being located in "the lower portion of FIG. 4.

Associated with the armature 25A are a plurality of adjustable resistors and a plurality of cam-operated control contacts for controlling acceleration and deceleration of the motor 25. These resistors and contacts,

together with thecontact cams for the latter, are located in the control assembly 33 as above described. It will be noted that the adjustable resistor 41 is disposed in series circuit relationship with the armature 25A in the bus L+. The remainder of the adjustable resistors associated with the armature 25A bear identifying symbols which are indicative of their functions. Thus, the adjustable resistor RAC is employed to effect acceleration of the motor during a door closing operation while the adjustable resistor RAO is employed for accelerating the motor during door opening movement.

Similarly, the resistor RDCl is used for decelerating the motor and thereby the door during a door closing movement while the adjustable resistor RDOl effects deceleration. The cam operated control contacts bear identifying symbols which are indicative of their controlfunctions. For example, the contacts AC and A are effective for accelerating. the door during closing and door opening movements, respectively. The

contacts DCl through DC4 effect deceleration of the door during door closing movement and operate sequentially in the order of their suffix numerals. The contacts DOlthrough D04 in sequence similarly control door deceleration during a door opening operation,

Make contacts ASC and A80 are disposed in series circuit relationship with the cam-operated contacts DC4 and D04, respectively. These contacts are associated with an anti-stall or checkback relay AS. If a pair of limit switches 43 and 45 both are in closed condition, the relay AS is connected for energization across the buses L+ and L. In parallel with the coil of the relay AS is a resistor-capacitor network comprising serially connected resistors 47 and 49 and a capacitor'Sl. In parallel with the resistor 47 is a rectifier 53 of a conventional type such as silicon. Current flows through the rectifier 53 in the direction indicated by its circuit symbol in FIG. 4. Thus, when both of the limit switches 43 and 45 are in their closed condition, the capacitor 51 charges through the resistor 49 and the rectifier 53, which, in effect, then shorts the resistor 47. When one of the limit switches 43 or 45 is opened, the capacitor 51 discharges through the resistors-45 and 49 and the coil of the anti-stall relay AS. Since the length of times of charge-and dischargeof the capacitor are dependent upon the RC network time constant, the rectifier 53 effects a fast charge of the capacitorSl and a relatively slow discharge thereof.

The limit switches 43 and 45 are located in the control assembly 33 and are operated by cams disposed therein. In a preferred embodiment of the invention,

the cam associated with the switch 43 operates to open the switch simultaneously with the opening of the control contacts DC4 by its associated contact cam. The limit switch 45 is opened by its cam simultaneously with the opening of the control contacts D04 by its asdetectors. Such a translating device may take the form of relays whose energizing coils are not shown. Contacts B1, B2, B3 and B4 are closed as long as its associated detector device is receiving radiant energy form the spot on the sill 74 to which it is aimed. Limit switches L1 and L2 are connected to shunt or short contacts B1 and B3, and B2 and B4, respectively, to render these contacts ineffective when the doors close. Contact 224, as hereinbefore explained, is closed as long as translating device 210 shown in FIG. 4 is energized. Actuation of ribbon switch RS1 or RS2 deenergizes devices 210 and contacts 224 open.

Door safety relay DR includes a make contact DRl which is connected in series with the energizing coil of the closing relay CL, and break contacts DR2 connected to shunt contacts SW1 of switch SW. It should be noted that the contacts-DR] and DR2 are shown in the condition when'buses L+ and L. are deenergized.

sociated contact cam. Each of these limit switches remains in open condition from the time of its opening'to the time when the door reaches the same position in a 'door movement opposite in direction to that in which When the door is closing and no obstruction is detected by any of the detectors, relay DR willbe energized. Thus, contacts DRl will be closed to enable the closing coil CL -to be energized, and contacts DR2 will be open, and they will thus have no circuit affect on the door open relay'OT. Should reflection of radiant energy to any of the detector devices be interrupted, its associated contact would be open, such as contactBl, which drops out the door safety relay DR. Contacts DRl open to deenergize the coil CL of the closing relay and stop the closing motion of the car and hoistway doors, and contacts DR2 close to energize the door open relay OP. Should it only be desired to stop the closing of thedoors upon interruption of radiant energy from the sill to one of the detectors, insteadof reversing the doors, contacts DR2 would not be required. When the doors reach the point during closing where reflection from the sill will be interrupted by the opposite door section, limit switches LI and L2 successively operate to first disable the 3-inch detectors, and then the 5% inch detectors. It is to be'understood that while these detectors are referred to as the 3-inch and 'r-inch detectors, that their locations may be changed from these dimensions, if desired.

If the radiant energy detector function should fail in ject, while the contact 224 is not illustrated as being shunted when the doors are closed, it may be shunted by limit switch L2 along with theta-inch detectors, if desired.

FIG. 6 is a fragmentary view of the car door sections 5 and A5 shown in FIG. 1, except modifiedto include the radiant energy object detector disclosed in copending application Ser. No. 426,180 FIG. 6 is similar to ploys a sill 92 disposed at the entrance of the elevator car 1, which extends substantially across the width dimension of the entrance. The sill 92 includes a plurality of openings 94 in the entrance portion of the sill, which openings may extend in spaced relation across the entranceway in a single row. The openings are preferably 1 1' formed by drilling counterbored holes, and protective transparent or translucent, glass or plastic, lenses 96 are disposed'therein, such as with a suitable adhesive. The protective lens need "not beof the focusing type. The sill 92 is disposed to cover a recess or compartment in the forward portion of the floor of the elevator car, immediately adjacent the entrance to the car 1. A source 98 of radiant energy is disposed in this recess or compartment, just below the underside of the sill 92 through which the openings 94 are disposed. This arrangement provides a plurality of vertically oriented beams 100 of radiant energy spaced horizontally across the entranceway to the elevator car. The source 98 is preferably an electric lamp, such as an incandescent resistance lamp, or a mercury vapor lamp, such as a fluorescent lamp. The wavelength of the electromagnetic radiationfrom' source 98 may be selected from a wide range, and may be in the visible or invisible spectrums. Radiant energy visible to the human eye has the added advantage of highlighting the sill, and is thus the preferred embodiment,,but infrared or ultraviolet wavelengths may be used if desired.

The first type of object detection which may be pro object detection. However, any number of devices may beused. The detection devices should be rendered ineffective just prior to their detecting the door as the dooracloses, in order to prevent false triggering thereof. When .two symmetrically located detectors 102 and l04'are used, as illustrated in FIG. 1, a single cam 106 and limit switch 108 may be used to render devices 102 and 104 ineffective at a predetermined point inthe doorclose cycle,

The detector devices 102 and 104,- may be of any type responsive to the wavelength. of the radiant energy source. For example, they may be of the photoemissive, photoconductive, or photovoltaic type, as desired. The detecting devices 102 and 104 may be connected to each control a separate relay having a contact which is closed as long as the detector is receiving radiant energy from source 98. Upon interruption of this radiant energy to a detector, the contact of its associated relay would open to effect some predetermined control action, such as stopping or reversing the doors.

The single source 98 and perforated sill 92 may also be used to provide object detection relative to the lead-.

ing edge of a closing door panel, by mounting detector means onthe door panel, or panels, adjacent the edge or edges thereof which lead upon closure of the door. 1

The detector means is spaced from the edge of its associated door panel to provide the desired detection zone, and as illustrated in FIG. 6 detector means 110 and 112 are provided for'car door sections 5 and A5 which preferably have a least two detector devices,

such as detector devices 114 and 116 which form a part of the detector means 110. Detector device 114, which is closest to the leading edge of the door panel 5 upon closure thereof, is adjusted such that a hand placed the detector, and thus functions in a manner similar to the mechanical safety edge. If the detector device-114 is spaced about one-half inch from the edge of the door, it will satisfactorily perform this function. The second detector l l6'is spaced from the 'door edge by a greater dimension. This dimension is preferably selected to enable the detector 116 to detectan object in the closing path of the door and to stop-the car door before striking the object. A dimension of about 3 inches I has been found to be satisfactory, but it is not critical. Since the detector means 110 moves with the door, it is important that the number of openings 94, the diameter of the openings, the spacing of the openings and thus the horizontal spacing of the resultant vertically oriented beams 100, and the lens on the detector device, all be selected such that the detector lens will span two adjacent beams to maintain continuous contact with the radiant energy, in the absence of an object interrupting the radiant energy, as the door moves from its open to its close position. One-half inch diameter openings disposed on A-inch centers has been found to be satisfactory butother suitable dimensions may be used. v

A detector 118 responsive to the radiant energy provided by source 98'may be disposed in the recess with source 98. This detector may include a.relayhaving contacts connected to render detectors 102 and 104 ineffective, and to energize auxiliary radiant energy transmitter devices 120 and 122, should the source 98 fail to provide radiant energy of a predetermined level. Transmitter devices 120 and 122 are. aimed at detector means and 112, respectively, to continue door edge object detection until source 98 can be serviced.

Suitable back-up door edge protection may be provided, according to the teachings of the invention, by ribbon switch control which may be used with, or in place of the detector 118, relay M and transmitters and 122; As illustrated in FIG. 7, which is a schematic and to detector means 110 and l12,'and these contacts arev closed as long as its associated detector device is receiving radiant energy from source 98. Contacts 224 are closed as long as the translating device limit switch 108 is disposed to shunt contacts C102 and C104 when it is in its closed position, to render these contacts ineffective just before the radiant energy received by detectors 102 and 104 would be interrupted by the'closing door panels.

Relay M is a monitor relay responsive to contact C118 of detector 118 shown in FIG. 6, which detector will maintain contact C118 closed andrelay M energized as long as the source 98 provides radiant energy. Relay M includes break contacts M1 and M2. Contacts 7 M1 are connected across contacts C102 and C104, and

upon the door will interrupt a beam from source 98 to contacts M2 are serially connected across buses L+ and L- with transmitter devices 120 and 112, which are also shown in FIG. 6. Should source 98 fail to provide radiant energy of the proper level, contacts M1 will close and render the detectors 102 and 104 ineffective, and contacts M2 will close to energize radiant energy transmitters 120 and 122, in order to retain the door edge object detection function. This portion of the circuit is shownwithin a broken line rectangle 232 to indicate that it is not essential, when the back-up door edge protection provided by the ribbon switches RS1 and RS2 is utilized. The portion of the circuit shown generally at 230 in FIG. 7 is the same asthe detailed circuit illustrated within the broken line rectangle 230 shown in FIG. 5, and the effect of deenergizing the door safety relay DR is the same as described relative to FIG. 5.

In summary, there has been disclosed new and improved closure systems especially suitable for elevators, which include object detector means of the radiant energy type, and door safety edge detector means which provides a back-up object function in the event the radiant energy object detection system fails in a mode which allows the doors to continue to function. The disclosed back-up protection includes ribbon or strip switches mounted on the edges of the movable door sections which edges lead upon closure thereof. The disclosed closure system requires no mechanical safety edge, no retraction mechanisms, little or no maintenance, and takes up an insignificant space between the stiles of the door sections.

We claim as our invention:

1. An elevator system, comprising:

a structure having a hoistway, and a landing having an opening to the hoistway,

an elevator car mounted for movement in the hoistway of said structure to serve said landing,

said elevator car having an opening therein which is in registry with the opening to the hoistway when said elevator car is at said landing,

a car door mounted for movement to open and close the opening of said elevator car,

a hoistway door mounted for movement with said car door to open and close the opening of the hoistway, first object detector means including transmitter means providing at least one beam of radiant energy, and detector means responsive to such enyi a sill at the landing adjacent the opening to the landing, said sill having a non-specular surface, said transmitter means being mounted on the car door for movement therewith and positioned to direct a beam of radiant energy at said non-specular surface of the sill,

said detector means being mounted on said car door for movement therewith and aimed to intersect the beam of radiant energy at said sill,

said detector means being responsive to an interruption of the reflected radiant energy from said sill for controlling the operation of the car and hoistway doors,

and second object detector means including a source of electrical potential, translating means, and ribbon switch means, said ribbon switch means being mounted on an edge of at least one of said doors, which is the leading edge upon closure thereof, said translating means being energized by said source of electrical potential via said ribbon switch means until an object actuates the ribbon switch means, which deenergizes said translating means, said translating means being connected to control the operation of said car and hoistway doors when it is in its deenergized condition.

2. The elevator system of claim 1 wherein the transmitter and detector means are oriented such that reflected radiant energy from the sill to the detector means is spaced from and substantially parallel to the leading edge of the hoistway door upon closure thereof.

3. The elevator system of claim 1 wherein the ribbon switch means includes a ribbon switch mounted on an edge of both the car and hoistway doors.

Claims (3)

1. An elevator system, comprising: a structure having a hoistway, and a landing having an opening to the hoistway, an elevator car mounted for movement in the hoistway of said structure to serve said landing, said elevator car having an opening therein which is in registry with the opening to the hoistway when said elevator car is at said landing, a car door mounted for movement to open and close the opening of said elevator car, a hoistway door mounted for movement with said car door to open and close the opening of the hoistway, first object detector means including transmitter means providing at least one beam of radiant energy, and detector means responsive to such energy, a sill at the landing adjacent the opening to the landing, said sill having a non-specular surface, said transmitter means being mounted on the car door for movement therewith and positioned to direct a beam of radiant energy at said non-specular surface of the sill, said detector means being mounted on said car door for movement therewith and aimed to intersect the beam of radiant energy at said sill, said detector means being responsive to an interruption of the reflected radiant energy from said sill for controlling the operation of the car and hoistway doors, and second object detector means including a source of electrical potential, translating means, and ribbon switch means, said ribbon switch means being mounted on an edge of at least one of said doors, which is the leading edge upon closure thereof, said translating means being energized by said source of electrical potential via said ribbon switch means until an object actuates the ribbon switch means, which deenergizes said translating means, said translating means being connected to control the operation of said car and hoistway doors when it is in its deenergized condition.

2. The elevator system of claim 1 wherein the transmitter and detector means are oriented such that reflected radiant energy from the sill to the detector means is spaced from and substantially parallel to the leading edge of the hoistway door upon closure thereof.

3. The elevator system of claim 1 wherein the ribbon switch means includes a ribbon switch mounted on an edge of both the car and hoistway doors.

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