US3861181A

US3861181A - Keys

Info

Publication number: US3861181A
Authority: US
Inventors: Thomas Edgar Needham; Wilfrid David Rogers
Original assignee: Wilmot Breeden Ltd
Current assignee: ArvinMeritor Light Vehicle Systems UK Ltd
Priority date: 1972-04-22
Filing date: 1973-04-16
Publication date: 1975-01-21
Anticipated expiration: 1992-01-21
Also published as: AU5477473A; DE2320224A1; DE2320224B2; JPS5229677B2; FR2182492A5; JPS4942496A; IT984055B

Abstract

A double-entry key for a locking device of the plug and cylinder type has different depths of insertion for the two entry positions and has different edge profiles. Each profile comprises two series of cuts with the cuts of the two series alternating in each profile and the series respectively arranged for operation of each bank of wards of a double-banked ward locking device. The same series of cuts on the two edges are relatively displaced therealong by an amount equal to the difference between the two depths of insertion of the key.

Description

United States Patent 1191 Needham et al. Jan. 21, 1975 KEYS 2,783,636 3/1957 Scott 70/347 1751 l' r Edgar Needham, 3:333:32? Z133; illfifi'Tiiiiijiiiiiji; :31: 381323 E Blrinmgham; Wllfrld Dav"! Rogers, 3,735,614 5/1973 Keller-Volper 70/377 Sol1hull, both of England [73] Assignee: Wilmot-Breeden Ltd., Birmingham, FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS England 817,409 10 1951 Germany 70/353 [22] Flled: 1973 Primary Examiner-Robert L. Wolfe [21] Appl. No.: 351,427 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Young & Thompson [30] Foreign Application Priority Data [57] ABSTRACT Apl'. Great Britain A double entry y for a device of thc May 26, 1972 Great Bntam 24864/72 and cylinder yp has different depths of insertion for the two entry positions and has different edge profiles, [52] 70/364 70/377 6 6 Each Profi e comprises two seriesvof cuts with the cuts of the two series alternating in each profile and the seg gl g g i 2 ries respectively arranged for operation of each bank 1 le 0 earc l 364 3 7 of wards ofa double-banked ward locking device. The 70/377 409 same series of cuts on the two edges are relatively displaced therealong by an amount equal to the differ- [56], References Clted ence between the two depths of insertion of the key.

UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,047,966 7/1936 Jacobi 70/364 R 5 Clam, 5 D'awmg 1 7\ III PATENTED 2 5 SHEET 1 [IF 2 N 6Q Q3 .M, n Q:

SHEET 20F 2 PATENTEU JAN 21 I975 KEYS This invention relates to keys for locking devices of the plug and cylinder type, with a plug or barrel in which the key is inserted to turn the plug. The plug houses a row of wards or tumblers which normally engage the surrounding housing or cylinder" in which the plug is housed, the wards being retracted into the plug on insertion of the key thereby freeing the plug for rotation respective the key which is formed with edge *cuts" correctly positioned and dimensioned to suit the specific ward arrangement.

In order to shorten the axial length of such a locking device for a given number of wards, it has been proposed to arrange the wards in two separate banks respectively positioned at opposite sides of the key slot, with the two banks in register one with the other. Thus the wards are arranged in coplanar pairs spaced axially of the plug, the two wards of each pair being retracted in opposite directions by respecstive cuts on the two edges of the key. Both key edges are operative at the same time, and to provide a degree of security equivalent to the total number of wards the key must have a different profile on each edge.

Although it is possible with a double-banked ward device to use a normal double-entry key as commonly used with conventional locking devices with a single row of wards, with identical profiles on the two key edges so that it can be inserted either way round i.e., in either of two positions 180 apart) this would give only the security provided by two identical sets of wards. The object of the invention is to provide a double-entry key for use with a locking device having double-banked wards, giving the security provided by the differs in respect of key form theoretically obtainable from the total number of wards used.

According to one aspect of the invention a doubleentry key is formed for different depths of insertion in the two key positions, the two key edge profiles being different whereby to operate a high security locking device with the wards thereof arranged in two paired banks, respectively operable simultaneously by the different key profiles.

According to a further aspect of the invention a double-entry key is formed for different depths of insertion for the two entry positions and has different edge profiles each of which comprises an arrangement of identical cuts which, considered in paired groups lengthwise of the key, are transposed diagonally of the pair groups across the key. In other words, if the cuts on one edge are arranged A, B, C, D the cuts on the other edge are arranged B, A, D, C The difference between the two depths of insertion is equal to the spacing of consecutive cuts, i.e., half the spacing of the ward pairs along the plug of the lock with which the key is to be used.

Thus, according to another aspect of the invention a double-entry key is formed for different depths of insertion for the two entry positions and has different edge profiles, each profile comprising two series of cuts with the cuts of the two alternating in each profile and the series respectively arranged for operation of each bank of wards of a double-banked ward locking device, the same series of cuts on the two edges being relatively displaced therealong by an amount equal to the difference between the two depths of insertion of the key.

The key tip may be formed so as to limit the insertion to different depths according to the entry position, but in preferred embodiments the key has a shoulder or shoulders at the end of the key shank which are arranged to engage alimiting abutment or ahutments on the locking device and which are relatively displaced lengthwise of the key.

Akey in accordance with the invention, and atypical locking device plug for operation by the key, are illus trated in the accompanying drawings and will now be described, by way of example, with reference thereto. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a profile view of the key,

FIG. 2 is a cross-section on the line ll II in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of the locking device plug illustrating the operative relationship with the key,

FIG. 4 is a view of the key-receiving slot of the plug, and

FIG. 5 is a side view of the plug.

The locking device has two banks each of five wards W1, W2. W5 and W6, W7 W10 with corresponding wards of the two banks thereof coplanar. The wards W are thus paired", for example WlzW6 and W42W9,

laterally of the lock plug with the two wards of each pair projecting from the plug body 1 in opposite directions and respectively being disposed on opposite sides of the key slot 2. On their inner side edges the wards have cut-out slots providing shoulders (not illustrated) to engage the key with accompanying retraction of the wards W into the plug 1, and each ward W is independently spring loaded to the projecting locking position shown in FIG. 3. The two wards such as WI and W6 of each pair are thus respectively operated by directly opposed cuts H1 and H6 on the two key edges, and to provide maximum security these two cuts are different so that the wards operate independently in the sense that they provide the same security as an equal number of wards arranged in a single row axially of the lock plug in the more usual manner.

The foregoing brief description of the locking device is given to enable the function of the various features of the key 3, now to be described, to be appreciated. To guide the key the plug body 1 has relatively offset key guides 4 projecting into the slot 2 on opposite sides thereof, for engagement with complementary guide grooves 5 along the sides of the key shank. Insertion limiting shoulders 6 and 7 at the end of the key shank are relatively displaced lengthwise of the key 3 by an amount equal to the spacing of consecutive cuts on the key edges, and the lock plug body 1 has abutment faces 8 and 9 which are similarly relatively displaced. Thus, in one key position the depth of key insertion is greater than in the other key position, i.e. with the key shoulders 6 and 7 respectively engaging the plug faces 8 and 9, the difference being equal to the spacing of consecutive key cuts, i.e., half the spacing of immediately adjacent pairs of wards W of the lock plug.

As the two wards W of each pair, such as WlzW6, are operated by different key cuts the two edge profiles of the key 3 are different. In the diagrammatic showing of FIG. 3 the heights of the ward shoulders, in the ward retracted positions, are indicated by H1, H2 H10, corresponding cuts on the key 3 being similarly identified. There are an equal number of cuts H on each edge equal to the total number of wards and, when considered in paired groups lengthwise of the key, the cuts of one profile are transposed diagonally of the pair groups across the key with the spacing between cuts equal to half the ward spacing. In the embodiment concerned each profile has ten cuts, thus the cuts on one edge are denoted H1, H6, H2. H7, H3, H8, H4, H9, H5, H10 and those on the other edge are H6, H1, H7, H2, H8, H3, H9, H4, H10, H in that order. It will be appreciated that in most cases all the cuts on one edge will not be different, a full range of all possible combinations of ten different cuts being obtainable, and in the particular example illustrated the cuts can be denoted l, 2, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 3, 2, 1 along one edge profile, each numeral identifying a corresponding height of cut as shown in FIG. 3. In this case the same cuts are rearranged to provide the opposite edge profile in the order 2, l, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 3, l, 2.

Thus each profile has two series of cuts H1, H2 H5 and H6, H7 H which alternate along the profile. The same series of cuts on the two edges are relatively displaced by an amount equal to the difference between the two depths of key insertion, i.e., half the ward spacing in the lock plug.

It will be appreciated that the different depths of key insertion can be limited in other ways, for example by formation of the key tip so that it engages stop surfaces in the lock plug in an appropriate manner. Alternatively, for example, a single shoulder 6 at the end of one edge of the key shank will suffice for engagement with the relatively displaced limiting abutment faces 8 and 9 at the two edges of the key slot 4 at the outer end of the lock plug.

We claim:

1. A double-entry key formed for different depths of insertion for the two entry positions and having different edge profiles, each profile comprising two series of cuts with the cuts of the two series alternating in each profile and the series respectively arranged for operation of each bank of wards of a double-banked ward locking device, the same series of cuts on the two edges being relatively displaced therealong by an amount equal to the difference between the two depths of insertion of the key.

2. A key according to claim 1 having a shoulder or shoulders at the end of the key shank arranged to engage a limiting abutment or abutments on a locking device whereby to define said different depths of insertion.

3. A key according to claim 2, wherein two insertion limiting shoulders at the end of the key shank are relatively displaced lengthwise of the key by an amount equal to the spacing between adjoining cuts of each edge profile.

4. A key according to claim 1, wherein the key tip is formed so as to limit the insertion to different depths according to the key entry position.

5. The combination of a double-banked ward locking device and a double-entry key formed for different depths of insertion for the two entry positions and having different edge profiles, each profile comprising two series of cuts with the cuts of the two series alternating in each profile and the series respectively arranged for operation of each bank of wards of said double-banked ward locking device, the same series of cuts on the two edges being relatively displaced therealong by an amount equal to the difference between the two depths of insertion of the key.