US3837405A - Fire protection system for arch supported membrane structures - Google Patents

Fire protection system for arch supported membrane structures Download PDF

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Publication number
US3837405A
US3837405A US00359549A US35954973A US3837405A US 3837405 A US3837405 A US 3837405A US 00359549 A US00359549 A US 00359549A US 35954973 A US35954973 A US 35954973A US 3837405 A US3837405 A US 3837405A
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arch
except
same
arches
hollow
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US00359549A
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C Huddle
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HOTTEL Corp
TENSION STRUCTURES Co
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TENSION STRUCTURES Co
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Assigned to HOTTEL CORPORATION THE reassignment HOTTEL CORPORATION THE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: TENSION STRUCTURES CO. A COMPANY OF MI
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S135/00—Tent, canopy, umbrella, or cane
    • Y10S135/906—Arched structure

Definitions

  • Heat sensing devices attached or located in the struc- I ture can operate valves to fill the arches with a liquid, to keep arches cool and prevent collapse.
  • Sprinklers and other deluge systems can be operatively attached to the arch mains to spray the roof and- /or the structure interior.
  • the arch supply mains can be directly connected to a reliable liquid source and kept under pressure all the time or connected through a manual or automatic valve to turn on or off the liquid supply to the sprinkler and- /or deluge systems.
  • the principal object of this invention is to provide a fire protection system for Arch Supported Membrane Structures to make them safe for public occupancy and to provide a means for cooling the arches to prevent collapse of the structure in a conflagration.
  • Another object of the invention is to use the arches as water supply mains to a sprinkler and/or deluge system and at the same time keep the arches cool to prevent their collapse in a conflagration.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a typical arch supported membrane structure with arches used to supply the roof deluge system.
  • FIG. 2 is a cut-away partial view of the above structure showing sprinklers attached to the arches and to branch lines from the arches which may be necessary on large structures.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a typical hollow arch cross-section with a membrane attachment.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a water main connection to an arch at the base through a control valve that automatically opens to charge the fire protection system. This can be a manually operated valve if desired.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic control circuit to operate the automatic valve by heat sensors.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a typical arch supported membrane structure with inclined arches 1 and an intermediate arch support 2. All of the arches can be hollow to supply a fire extinguishing fluid such as water and, are attached by 3 to, and supported by, a common base.
  • the flexible membrane 4 is attached to and extends between the arches 1 and 2 and if the structure is enclosed a membrane 5 extends from the exterior arch l to the base.
  • the hollow arches are connected to a fluid supply directly or through a valve 6 which is between the arch 1 or 2 and the main supply line 7.
  • FIG. 2 two modules of a vertical arch supported structure are illustrated showing sprinklers 8 or deluge nozzles directly attached to the hollow arch supply mains 9 that are in turn connected directly to a supply source 10 or through a valve 11 to the supply main l2.
  • Spray nozzles 13 can be located above the roof membrane as well as below it 8.
  • FIG. 3 typical square or hollow cross-sections of arches 14 are illustrated to show the membrane attachment and the spray nozzles 13 directly attached to the arch for covered area when the arches are close enough together. If the arches are too far apart to get effective coverage with the spray devices, branch lines 15 may be connected to the arch mains.
  • the spray devices can be automatic in operation with temperature actuation when the system is pressurized from the supply system.
  • the arch main is directly connected 16 to a supply main, indirectly connected through a manually operated valve 17 or indirectly connected through an automatic valve 18.
  • the latter system is usually used where there is danger of freezing and the arch mains remain unfilled or not pressurized by the extinguishing fluid until a heat sensor 19 reacts to a temperature rise, see FIG. 1.
  • aschematic electrical control circuit that is actuated by such a heat sensor 19 is shown.
  • the heat sensor can close a bi-metal circuit which energizes a relay and closes a circuit that actuates a solenoid valve 18 on the supply line.
  • the system is commonly called a dry system. If the contents under the spray nozzles would be badly damaged due to a failure in which water leakage occurred, such as a library, this system is frequently used.
  • the spray nozzles 13, FIG. I, 2, & 3, above he membrane can be pressure operated so that they will automatically release a spray when a high pressure is reached.
  • the roof system can be conveniently I used to wash off the roof and cleanse it of dirt or snow.
  • a non-freezing fluid can be used (if required), the arch joints are made leakproof and the arches are not only kept-cool in case of a fire but the added weight of the fluid in the arches adds to the mass inertia of the arches. In such cases, however, it would be best to add an air or steam bleed valve 21 (FIG. 1) and (FIG. 2) ne'ar the crown of the arch to make sure the arch is full of liquid. If only fluid filled arches are 1 used, without a sprinkler system, a water circulating system can be used by installing a water outlet valve v22 (FIG. 1) on the opposite end of the arch from the supply end--along with a steam and air bleeding valve near the crown if desired.
  • a fire protection system for an arch supported membrane structure comprised of a multiplicity of arches with curved bights mounted on a base or the ground; a flexible roof membrane operatively attached to said arches and tensioned between them to form a roof of compound curvature; at least one of said arches having a hollow cavity containing a cooling medium.
  • said arch with a hollow cavity has a relief valve connected to its hollow cavity to vent off air, vapor or/and liquid to keep the arch cool.
  • said hollow cavity in said arch serves as a conduit between a fire quenching liquid supply system and a fire quenching liquid distribution system.
  • said fire quenching liquid distribution system includes a liquid spray device.
  • said fire quenching distribution system includes at least one branch conduit operatively attached to said hollow arch conduit.
  • said hollow arch serves as a dry conduit between a control valve that is operatively connected to a pressurized fire quenching supply system and said fire quenching distribution system.
  • control valve is operated by a heat sensing device.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

A fire protection system for an arch supported membrane structure comprising a plurality of hollow arches containing a cooling medium. The arches can be made water tight so that they can serve as water mains to supply a sprinkler or deluge system above or below the roof membrane.

Description

nited States Patent 1 Huddle [52] US. Cl 169/56, 52/168, 135/1 R, 169/16, 239/209 [51] Int. Cl. A62c 35/00 [58] Field of Search 169/1 R, 2' R, 5, l6; 239/207209; 52/168; 135/1 R, DIG. 8; 62/259 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,936,732 11/1933 Renard 239/208 1 Sept. 24,-1974 2,698,629 1/1955 Hall 239/208 X 2,809,074 10/1957 McDonald 169/5 X 2,818,927 l/l958 Bourssard 169/] R 2,818,928 1/1958 Broussard 169/1 R 3,346,051 1 /1967 Merdinyan 169/20 3,388,711 6/1968 Huddle 135/1 R 3,464,172 9/1969 McGee 239/209 X 3,653,443 4/1972 Dockery 169/2 R Primary Examiner--Lloyd L. King Assistant Examiner-Andres Kashnikow [5 7 ABSTRACT mains to supply a sprinkler or deluge system above or below the roof membrane.
11 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures PAIEmmsiP-zmm FIGURE FIGURE 2 i-IGURE 3 Pmminssm n 3.837.405
II I
:JZIZZIIZIZZZi lZIIIII.?BIZ
FIGURE 4 7 9 5 "O V FEEDLINES VALVE FIGURE 5 BACKGROUND OF INVENTION Heat sensing devices attached or located in the struc- I ture can operate valves to fill the arches with a liquid, to keep arches cool and prevent collapse.
Sprinklers and other deluge systems can be operatively attached to the arch mains to spray the roof and- /or the structure interior.
The arch supply mains can be directly connected to a reliable liquid source and kept under pressure all the time or connected through a manual or automatic valve to turn on or off the liquid supply to the sprinkler and- /or deluge systems.
When these structures are used for public gatherings such as expositions, meetings, sports and the like, or when they are used to shelter expensive equipment such as aircraft, war supplies, or to shelter inflammable materials, there is great concern about a method to control such a conflagration especially to prevent collapse of the structure. By using hollow arch members such as described in my patent application Ser. No. 317,509 filed Dec. 22, 1972, the arches not only are kept cool by water, or another liquid used to reduce the fire, but they also can serve as fire mains to which sprinklers, deluge nozzles or branch lines can beattached.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION The principal object of this invention is to provide a fire protection system for Arch Supported Membrane Structures to make them safe for public occupancy and to provide a means for cooling the arches to prevent collapse of the structure in a conflagration.
Another object of the invention is to use the arches as water supply mains to a sprinkler and/or deluge system and at the same time keep the arches cool to prevent their collapse in a conflagration.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 illustrates a typical arch supported membrane structure with arches used to supply the roof deluge system.
FIG. 2 is a cut-away partial view of the above structure showing sprinklers attached to the arches and to branch lines from the arches which may be necessary on large structures. I
FIG. 3 illustrates a typical hollow arch cross-section with a membrane attachment.
FIG. 4 illustrates a water main connection to an arch at the base through a control valve that automatically opens to charge the fire protection system. This can be a manually operated valve if desired.
FIG. 5 is a schematic control circuit to operate the automatic valve by heat sensors.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 illustrates a typical arch supported membrane structure with inclined arches 1 and an intermediate arch support 2. All of the arches can be hollow to supply a fire extinguishing fluid such as water and, are attached by 3 to, and supported by, a common base. The flexible membrane 4 is attached to and extends between the arches 1 and 2 and if the structure is enclosed a membrane 5 extends from the exterior arch l to the base. The hollow arches are connected to a fluid supply directly or through a valve 6 which is between the arch 1 or 2 and the main supply line 7.
In FIG. 2, two modules of a vertical arch supported structure are illustrated showing sprinklers 8 or deluge nozzles directly attached to the hollow arch supply mains 9 that are in turn connected directly to a supply source 10 or through a valve 11 to the supply main l2. Spray nozzles 13 can be located above the roof membrane as well as below it 8.
In FIG. 3, typical square or hollow cross-sections of arches 14 are illustrated to show the membrane attachment and the spray nozzles 13 directly attached to the arch for covered area when the arches are close enough together. If the arches are too far apart to get effective coverage with the spray devices, branch lines 15 may be connected to the arch mains.
The spray devices can be automatic in operation with temperature actuation when the system is pressurized from the supply system.
In FIG. 4 the arch main is directly connected 16 to a supply main, indirectly connected through a manually operated valve 17 or indirectly connected through an automatic valve 18. The latter system is usually used where there is danger of freezing and the arch mains remain unfilled or not pressurized by the extinguishing fluid until a heat sensor 19 reacts to a temperature rise, see FIG. 1.
In FIG. 5, aschematic electrical control circuit that is actuated by such a heat sensor 19 is shown. In a simple circuit, the heat sensor can close a bi-metal circuit which energizes a relay and closes a circuit that actuates a solenoid valve 18 on the supply line. Where such valves are used, the system is commonly called a dry system. If the contents under the spray nozzles would be badly damaged due to a failure in which water leakage occurred, such as a library, this system is frequently used.
The spray nozzles 13, FIG. I, 2, & 3, above he membrane can be pressure operated so that they will automatically release a spray when a high pressure is reached. When the spray system below the roof membrane is operated by a temperature rise, the roof system can be conveniently I used to wash off the roof and cleanse it of dirt or snow.
When the arches remain pressurized, like a typical sprinkler system, a non-freezing fluid can be used (if required), the arch joints are made leakproof and the arches are not only kept-cool in case of a fire but the added weight of the fluid in the arches adds to the mass inertia of the arches. In such cases, however, it would be best to add an air or steam bleed valve 21 (FIG. 1) and (FIG. 2) ne'ar the crown of the arch to make sure the arch is full of liquid. If only fluid filled arches are 1 used, without a sprinkler system, a water circulating system can be used by installing a water outlet valve v22 (FIG. 1) on the opposite end of the arch from the supply end--along with a steam and air bleeding valve near the crown if desired.
1 claim:
1. A fire protection system for an arch supported membrane structure comprised of a multiplicity of arches with curved bights mounted on a base or the ground; a flexible roof membrane operatively attached to said arches and tensioned between them to form a roof of compound curvature; at least one of said arches having a hollow cavity containing a cooling medium.
2. Same as claim 1, except that said arch with a hollow cavity has a relief valve connected to its hollow cavity to vent off air, vapor or/and liquid to keep the arch cool.
3. Same as claim 1, except that said hollow cavity in said arch serves as a conduit between a fire quenching liquid supply system and a fire quenching liquid distribution system.
4. Same as claim 3, except that said fire quenching liquid distribution system includes a liquid spray device.
5. Same as claim 4, except that said liquid spray device is automatically operated by a rise in temperature.
6. Same as claim 4, except that said fire quenching distribution system includes at least one branch conduit operatively attached to said hollow arch conduit.
7. Same as claim 3, except that said hollow arch conduit is operatively connected to a roof membrane wetting system.
8. Same as claim 7 except that said roof (spray nozzles are) wetting system is controlled by a pressure sensitive device.
9. Same as claim 3, except that said hollow arch serves as a dry conduit between a control valve that is operatively connected to a pressurized fire quenching supply system and said fire quenching distribution system.
10. Same as claim 9, except that said control valve is operated by a heat sensing device.
11. Same as claim 9, except that the hollow arch is segmented with the joints sufficiently tight to prevent excess leakage.

Claims (11)

1. A fire protection system for an arch supported membrane structure comprised of a multiplicity of arches with curved bights mounted on a base or the ground; a flexible roof membrane operatively attached to said arches and tensioned between them to form a roof of compound curvature; at least one of said arches having a hollow cavity containing a cooling medium.
2. Same as claim 1, except that said arch with a hollow cavity has a relief valve connected to its hollow cavity to vent off air, vapor or/and liqUid to keep the arch cool.
3. Same as claim 1, except that said hollow cavity in said arch serves as a conduit between a fire quenching liquid supply system and a fire quenching liquid distribution system.
4. Same as claim 3, except that said fire quenching liquid distribution system includes a liquid spray device.
5. Same as claim 4, except that said liquid spray device is automatically operated by a rise in temperature.
6. Same as claim 4, except that said fire quenching distribution system includes at least one branch conduit operatively attached to said hollow arch conduit.
7. Same as claim 3, except that said hollow arch conduit is operatively connected to a roof membrane wetting system.
8. Same as claim 7 except that said roof (spray nozzles are) wetting system is controlled by a pressure sensitive device.
9. Same as claim 3, except that said hollow arch serves as a dry conduit between a control valve that is operatively connected to a pressurized fire quenching supply system and said fire quenching distribution system.
10. Same as claim 9, except that said control valve is operated by a heat sensing device.
11. Same as claim 9, except that the hollow arch is segmented with the joints sufficiently tight to prevent excess leakage.
US00359549A 1973-05-11 1973-05-11 Fire protection system for arch supported membrane structures Expired - Lifetime US3837405A (en)

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4012875A (en) * 1976-02-25 1977-03-22 Active Fire Sprinkler Corporation Overhead structural, fire extinguishing and ventilating system
US4019581A (en) * 1975-08-14 1977-04-26 Diggs Richard E Metal building with combined temperature control and firefighting system
US4023621A (en) * 1976-06-21 1977-05-17 Olson Benjamin F Water blanket deluge system
US5446930A (en) * 1993-06-22 1995-09-05 Clark; Gregory M. Portable shower enclosure
US5487242A (en) * 1994-04-26 1996-01-30 Stafford; Robert M. Method and apparatus for uniformly tensioning fabric panels of portable buildings
US5669449A (en) * 1995-02-28 1997-09-23 Central Sprinkler Co. Directional sprinklers
US6237860B1 (en) * 1993-12-10 2001-05-29 Potomac Rain Room Method and apparatus for spraying pressurized water
US20040050411A1 (en) * 2002-09-13 2004-03-18 Buster Lawrence Inflatable shelter
US20040087232A1 (en) * 2002-11-01 2004-05-06 Anderson Leslie Leah Radiant and convective heat resistant materials and emergency fire shelter made therefrom
US20070295380A1 (en) * 2004-08-26 2007-12-27 Willi Glaeser Pavilion
US20150342327A1 (en) * 2014-05-27 2015-12-03 Survivapak, L.L.C. Collapsible shelter
CN106581891A (en) * 2016-12-16 2017-04-26 安徽建筑大学 Annular fine water mist fire extinguishing cover system
CN106581909A (en) * 2016-12-16 2017-04-26 安徽建筑大学 Cross-shaped dry powder extinguishing cover system
CN106621121A (en) * 2016-12-21 2017-05-10 安徽建筑大学 Ringlike dry powder fire extinguishing hood system
CN106621120A (en) * 2016-12-16 2017-05-10 安徽建筑大学 Crisscross water mist fire shield system
US12049757B2 (en) 2021-10-11 2024-07-30 Xfs Global, Llc Semi-permanent relocatable structure system

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1936732A (en) * 1928-11-27 1933-11-28 Henry L Renard Method and apparatus for protecting glass panes from injury
US2698629A (en) * 1953-06-16 1955-01-04 Joseph L Ortner Portable vehicle shelter
US2809074A (en) * 1953-05-05 1957-10-08 Mcdonald James Leonard Structural beam with fire extinguisher
US2818928A (en) * 1956-02-14 1958-01-07 W T Castleberry Portable shielded booth and walls
US2818927A (en) * 1956-02-14 1958-01-07 W T Castleberry Portable shield
US3346051A (en) * 1965-09-02 1967-10-10 Grinnell Corp Pilot operated fire protection device
US3388711A (en) * 1963-06-10 1968-06-18 Carl F. Huddle Portable structure
US3464172A (en) * 1967-01-10 1969-09-02 Andrew J Mcgee Jr Fire-resistant structural members for buildings
US3653443A (en) * 1970-09-25 1972-04-04 Walter E Dockery Fire extinguishing system for cook stoves and ranges

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1936732A (en) * 1928-11-27 1933-11-28 Henry L Renard Method and apparatus for protecting glass panes from injury
US2809074A (en) * 1953-05-05 1957-10-08 Mcdonald James Leonard Structural beam with fire extinguisher
US2698629A (en) * 1953-06-16 1955-01-04 Joseph L Ortner Portable vehicle shelter
US2818928A (en) * 1956-02-14 1958-01-07 W T Castleberry Portable shielded booth and walls
US2818927A (en) * 1956-02-14 1958-01-07 W T Castleberry Portable shield
US3388711A (en) * 1963-06-10 1968-06-18 Carl F. Huddle Portable structure
US3346051A (en) * 1965-09-02 1967-10-10 Grinnell Corp Pilot operated fire protection device
US3464172A (en) * 1967-01-10 1969-09-02 Andrew J Mcgee Jr Fire-resistant structural members for buildings
US3653443A (en) * 1970-09-25 1972-04-04 Walter E Dockery Fire extinguishing system for cook stoves and ranges

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4019581A (en) * 1975-08-14 1977-04-26 Diggs Richard E Metal building with combined temperature control and firefighting system
US4012875A (en) * 1976-02-25 1977-03-22 Active Fire Sprinkler Corporation Overhead structural, fire extinguishing and ventilating system
US4023621A (en) * 1976-06-21 1977-05-17 Olson Benjamin F Water blanket deluge system
US5446930A (en) * 1993-06-22 1995-09-05 Clark; Gregory M. Portable shower enclosure
US6237860B1 (en) * 1993-12-10 2001-05-29 Potomac Rain Room Method and apparatus for spraying pressurized water
US5487242A (en) * 1994-04-26 1996-01-30 Stafford; Robert M. Method and apparatus for uniformly tensioning fabric panels of portable buildings
US5669449A (en) * 1995-02-28 1997-09-23 Central Sprinkler Co. Directional sprinklers
US20040050411A1 (en) * 2002-09-13 2004-03-18 Buster Lawrence Inflatable shelter
US20050136760A1 (en) * 2002-11-01 2005-06-23 Anderson Leslie L. Radiant and convective heat resistant materials and emergency fire shelter made therefrom
US6881506B2 (en) * 2002-11-01 2005-04-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Radiant and convective heat resistant materials and emergency fire shelter made therefrom
US20040087232A1 (en) * 2002-11-01 2004-05-06 Anderson Leslie Leah Radiant and convective heat resistant materials and emergency fire shelter made therefrom
US7128207B2 (en) 2002-11-01 2006-10-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Emergency fire shelter storage system
US20070295380A1 (en) * 2004-08-26 2007-12-27 Willi Glaeser Pavilion
US20150342327A1 (en) * 2014-05-27 2015-12-03 Survivapak, L.L.C. Collapsible shelter
CN106581909A (en) * 2016-12-16 2017-04-26 安徽建筑大学 Cross-shaped dry powder extinguishing cover system
CN106581891A (en) * 2016-12-16 2017-04-26 安徽建筑大学 Annular fine water mist fire extinguishing cover system
CN106621120A (en) * 2016-12-16 2017-05-10 安徽建筑大学 Crisscross water mist fire shield system
CN106581891B (en) * 2016-12-16 2019-05-14 安徽建筑大学 A kind of ring-type fine mist fire-fighting cover system
CN106581909B (en) * 2016-12-16 2019-05-14 安徽建筑大学 Cross-shaped dry-chemical fire extinguishing cover system
CN106621120B (en) * 2016-12-16 2019-05-14 安徽建筑大学 Cross-shaped fine mist fire-fighting cover system
CN106621121A (en) * 2016-12-21 2017-05-10 安徽建筑大学 Ringlike dry powder fire extinguishing hood system
CN106621121B (en) * 2016-12-21 2019-06-11 安徽建筑大学 A kind of ring-type dry-chemical fire extinguishing cover system
US12049757B2 (en) 2021-10-11 2024-07-30 Xfs Global, Llc Semi-permanent relocatable structure system

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