US3786390A - Temperature measuring resistance - Google Patents

Temperature measuring resistance Download PDF

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Publication number
US3786390A
US3786390A US00278828A US3786390DA US3786390A US 3786390 A US3786390 A US 3786390A US 00278828 A US00278828 A US 00278828A US 3786390D A US3786390D A US 3786390DA US 3786390 A US3786390 A US 3786390A
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Prior art keywords
temperature
resistance
measuring
composition
glass ceramic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00278828A
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English (en)
Inventor
K Kristen
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Schott AG
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Jenaer Glaswerk Schott and Gen
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/04—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient
    • H01C7/042—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient mainly consisting of inorganic non-metallic substances
    • H01C7/043—Oxides or oxidic compounds

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A temperature measuring resistance employing a com- U-S. Cl. R, position h se electrical resistance aries tem- Int. peraturep
  • the composition is preferably a glass Con.
  • the invention relates to a temperature-measuring resistance.
  • Temperature-measuring resistances having a negative temperature coefficient are already known. These are thermistors having negative temperature coefficients and consisting of n-conducting semiconductor materials. Their resistance decreases by 2.5 to 4.5 percent per degree centigrade.
  • RT A 817 In which R, represents the resistance of the thermistor at the temperature T, measured in l(.
  • A represents a constant with the dimension of ohms and dependent on the form of construkom of the resistance.
  • B represents a constant which depends on the form of construkom and the material of the thermistor with the dimension K.
  • Typical B-values lie between 2 X 10 and 6 X 10 K.
  • NTC resistances are produced by pressing the initial compositions obtained from the aforementioned materials and subsequent sintering at high temperatures.
  • the temperature range in which they can be used varies between 25C and a maximum of 350C.
  • the present invention has for its object a temperature-measuring resistance which does not present these disadvantages of the known NTC resistances, has the same or larger temperature coefficients, but is capable of being used in substantially higher temperature ranges, for example up to 700C.
  • a temperature-measuring resistant having two contacts and having therebetween a composition whose electrical resistances varies with temperature.
  • the composition comprises broadly the following compounds in the following percentages by weight:
  • the resistance material consists of a glass ceramic with large negative temperature coefficients and has heat-expansion coefficients less than 30 10
  • the conductivity of the glass ceramics is caused purely by ion conduction.
  • the conductivity thus depends primarily on the concentration and the mobility of the alkali ions in the glass ceramic.
  • the conduction process is very complex and ifinfluenced by the nature and composition of the crysal phase and the glass phase, also by the absolute quantities of the glass phase and crystal phase and also by the structural formation.
  • suitable as thermistors are particularly al kali-containing glass ceramics, more especially glass ceramics of SiO -Al O Li O, since these have, in addition to the necessary conductivity, a good resistivity to change in temperature because of their low heatexpansion coefficient of 0 to 15 X 10".
  • Such glass ceramics are described in the German Offenlegungsschrifts 1,596,855 and 1,596,860, and also in German Patent Specification 1,596,858.
  • the value of the constant B lies between 3 X 10 and 6 X 10 K.
  • the value A varies between +1.5 and 4.5.
  • a glass ceramic of the aforementioned system Si- O -Al O -Li O has for example a B-value of 4.75 10 K.
  • Glass ceramic thermistors can only be operated with alternating current. When using direct current, the ions which participate in the conduction are depleted and in a short time the resistance is strongly increased.
  • thermistors of glass ceramics are shaped by known glassprocessing procedures such as pressing, rolling and blowing and can be transformed into a polycrystalline material in a second processing step by a controlled heat treatment.
  • the temperature range in which the glass ceramic thermistors can be used has an upper limit, which is the temperatureat which the permanent deformations, for example, due to a continuation of the crystallization, are produced.
  • the lower limit as regards the range of use is only given by the maximum resistance which can still be accepted for the respective purpose of use.
  • FIG. I shows in the form of a graph the typical curve of the resistance, depending on the temperature for the temperature-measuring resistance according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show two constructional examples of temperature-measuring resistances according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the temperature measuring resistances in the form of a pressed glass melt.
  • the temperature-measuring resistance shown in FIG. 2 can for example be produced by a platinum wire loop being placed between two glass ceramic wafers which have still not assumed ceramic form and this sandwich is then melted under pressure at high temperature and simultaneously converted into the polycrystalline state. After terminating the temperature treatment, the platinum wire loop is severed and the temperaturemeasuring element is brought to its final shape by grinding and polishing.
  • FIG. 3 shows a glass ceramic article, namely, a glass ceramic plate, which has a zone 1 formed as a temperature-measuring resistance.
  • This zone 1 is produced by two conductive silver strips 2 being fired on the said plate.
  • the zone as thus defined can serve as temperature detector for controlling the plate temperature.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the temperaturemeasuring resistances in the form of a pressed glass melt.
  • the glass 1 is located between an outer electrode 2 in the form ofa ring and an inner electrode 3 ofa suitable metal.
  • the use of glass as a resistance material is possible.
  • the relation of specific electrical resistance to temperature is quantitative in the case of glasses as in the case of glass ceramics.
  • the advantages of the use of glass as a resistance material is the ability to use mixtures of glasses whose resistance gradient can be made to vary over wide ranges. Above all, it is possible to provide given resistance values for given temperatures.
  • Temperature-measuring resistances having an outstanding temperature expansion coefficient can be provided in different physical forms.
  • the temperature expansion coefficient can be provided in different physical forms.
  • the thermoelectric fixing resistances having an outstanding temperature expansion coefficient
  • temperature-measuring element can be provided in the form of a pressure glass melt or as an element having a very small mass.
  • Example A temperature-measuring resistance is fashioned as shown in FIG. 2 employing as the wafers the glass ceramic shown in Column 1 of Table I beginning at Line 27, Column 5 of Auslegeschrift 1,596,858.
  • the resultant temperature-measuring resistance functions satisfactorily.
  • a temperature-measuring resistance having two contacts and having therebetween a composition whose electrical resistance varies with temperature, said composition comprising the following compounds in the following percentages by weight:
  • a temperature-measuring resistance according to claim 1 characterized in that the glass ceramic of the resistance material has a thermal expansion coefficient smaller than 30 X lO' /C.
  • a temperature-measuring resistance according to claim 1 characterized in that a glass ceramic article shows certain measuring ranges due to defining contacts.
  • composition comprises the following compounds in the following percentages by weight:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
US00278828A 1971-08-09 1972-08-08 Temperature measuring resistance Expired - Lifetime US3786390A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2139828A DE2139828C3 (de) 1971-08-09 1971-08-09 Temperaturmeßwiderstand mit großer Temperaturwechselbeständigkeit aus Glaskeramik

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3786390A true US3786390A (en) 1974-01-15

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US00278828A Expired - Lifetime US3786390A (en) 1971-08-09 1972-08-08 Temperature measuring resistance

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3786390A (de)
CH (1) CH541800A (de)
DE (1) DE2139828C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2148512B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1349307A (de)
IT (1) IT963730B (de)
NL (1) NL7208885A (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3913057A (en) * 1973-06-21 1975-10-14 Ngk Spark Plug Co Oxygen ion transport type thermistors
US4237368A (en) * 1978-06-02 1980-12-02 General Electric Company Temperature sensor for glass-ceramic cooktop
US5026971A (en) * 1990-01-08 1991-06-25 General Electric Company Temperature control system for a heating oven using a glass-ceramic temperature sensor
US5041809A (en) * 1990-01-08 1991-08-20 General Electric Company Glass-ceramic temperature sensor for heating ovens
US5053740A (en) * 1990-01-11 1991-10-01 General Electric Company Porcelain enamel temperature sensor for heating ovens
US5352864A (en) * 1990-07-18 1994-10-04 Schott Glaswerke Process and device for output control and limitation in a heating surface made from glass ceramic or a comparable material
US6155711A (en) * 1996-08-09 2000-12-05 Schott Glas Method of calibrating temperature-measuring resistors on a glass, glass-ceramic, or similar substrate
EP1355214A2 (de) * 2002-04-17 2003-10-22 Diamond H Controls Limited Thermischer Sensor, Herstellungsverfahren und Verwendung davon als Flammenfehlerdetektor

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4022844C1 (de) * 1990-07-18 1992-02-27 Schott Glaswerke, 6500 Mainz, De
DE4022845A1 (de) * 1990-07-18 1992-01-23 Schott Glaswerke Temperatursensor oder -sensoranordnung aus glaskeramik und kontaktierenden filmwiderstaenden
DE4300084C2 (de) * 1993-01-06 1995-07-27 Heraeus Sensor Gmbh Widerstandsthermometer mit einem Meßwiderstand
DE4317040A1 (de) * 1993-05-21 1994-04-28 Schott Glaswerke Glaskeramikkochfeld mit wenigstens einer Kochzone und einer zugeordneten Anzeigeeinrichtung
DE4345472C2 (de) * 1993-10-28 2001-05-10 Aeg Hausgeraete Gmbh Verfahren zum Zubereiten von Speisen in einem wenigstens teilweise mit Wasser gefüllten Kochgeschirr auf einem Kochfeld aus Keramik, insbesondere Glaskeramik
DE4339267C2 (de) * 1993-11-18 1995-09-21 Bauknecht Hausgeraete Verfahren zur Steuerung der Heizleistung einer Kochstelle mit einer elektronischen Steuerung mit kontinuierlicher Leistungszufuhr, insbesondere PureHalogen-Kochstelle
DE10023179C2 (de) * 2000-05-11 2002-07-18 Schott Glas Vorrichtung und deren Verwendung Steuerung von Kochfeldern mit Glaskeramikkochflächen
GB0208789D0 (en) * 2002-04-17 2002-05-29 Diamond H Controls Ltd Thermal sensor

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3162831A (en) * 1961-09-07 1964-12-22 Ohio Brass Co Electrical valve resistor
US3216808A (en) * 1962-07-12 1965-11-09 Owens Illinois Glass Co Neutron-absorptive glass

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3162831A (en) * 1961-09-07 1964-12-22 Ohio Brass Co Electrical valve resistor
US3216808A (en) * 1962-07-12 1965-11-09 Owens Illinois Glass Co Neutron-absorptive glass

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3913057A (en) * 1973-06-21 1975-10-14 Ngk Spark Plug Co Oxygen ion transport type thermistors
US4237368A (en) * 1978-06-02 1980-12-02 General Electric Company Temperature sensor for glass-ceramic cooktop
US5026971A (en) * 1990-01-08 1991-06-25 General Electric Company Temperature control system for a heating oven using a glass-ceramic temperature sensor
US5041809A (en) * 1990-01-08 1991-08-20 General Electric Company Glass-ceramic temperature sensor for heating ovens
US5053740A (en) * 1990-01-11 1991-10-01 General Electric Company Porcelain enamel temperature sensor for heating ovens
US5352864A (en) * 1990-07-18 1994-10-04 Schott Glaswerke Process and device for output control and limitation in a heating surface made from glass ceramic or a comparable material
US6155711A (en) * 1996-08-09 2000-12-05 Schott Glas Method of calibrating temperature-measuring resistors on a glass, glass-ceramic, or similar substrate
EP1355214A2 (de) * 2002-04-17 2003-10-22 Diamond H Controls Limited Thermischer Sensor, Herstellungsverfahren und Verwendung davon als Flammenfehlerdetektor
EP1355214A3 (de) * 2002-04-17 2004-12-15 Diamond H Controls Limited Thermischer Sensor, Herstellungsverfahren und Verwendung davon als Flammenfehlerdetektor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2139828B2 (de) 1973-07-19
FR2148512A1 (de) 1973-03-23
NL7208885A (de) 1973-02-13
IT963730B (it) 1974-01-21
DE2139828C3 (de) 1974-02-14
CH541800A (de) 1973-09-15
DE2139828A1 (de) 1973-02-22
GB1349307A (en) 1974-04-03
FR2148512B1 (de) 1976-05-21

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