US3783220A - Method and apparatus for browning exterior surfaces of foodstuff in an electronic range - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for browning exterior surfaces of foodstuff in an electronic range Download PDF

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Publication number
US3783220A
US3783220A US00158287A US3783220DA US3783220A US 3783220 A US3783220 A US 3783220A US 00158287 A US00158287 A US 00158287A US 3783220D A US3783220D A US 3783220DA US 3783220 A US3783220 A US 3783220A
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Prior art keywords
foodstuff
radiation
container
thin film
electronic range
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00158287A
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English (en)
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H Tanizaki
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YAMAMIZU SHOJI KK
YAMAMIZU SHOJI KK JA
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YAMAMIZU SHOJI KK
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Assigned to B.C. SYSEMS, INC., A CORP. reassignment B.C. SYSEMS, INC., A CORP. LICENSE (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: YAMAMIZU TRADING CO. LTD.
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/647—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques
    • H05B6/6491—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques combined with the use of susceptors
    • H05B6/6494—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques combined with the use of susceptors for cooking
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J37/00—Baking; Roasting; Grilling; Frying
    • A47J37/06—Roasters; Grills; Sandwich grills
    • A47J37/0623—Small-size cooking ovens, i.e. defining an at least partially closed cooking cavity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B11/00—Heating by combined application of processes covered by two or more of groups H05B3/00 - H05B7/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/647—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques
    • H05B6/6482—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques combined with radiant heating, e.g. infrared heating

Definitions

  • the foodstuff and the source for emitting the infrared rays are placed in a region [56] References Cit d where electromagnetic waves are radiated from a high frequency generator.
  • crystalllzed glass having fine 35397 W970 Levinsonm 219M055 pieces of carbon fibres scattered throughout may form 3.585.258 6/1971 Levinson 219 10.55 the infrared source.
  • a 3.662.141 5/1972 Schauer, Jr. 219/10.55 layer of silicon carbide may be formed on an insulat- .9 89 93 Jone 3 UX ing base plate.
  • the infra- 5 9 6951 Under l r 219/543 red heat is generated by the action of the electromag- 2.546.707 3/1951 Mocha 7/54 netic waves on the specially constructed source.
  • the invention relates to an apparatus and method for browning the exterior surfaces of a foodstuff in an electronic range by providing an additional infrared heating of the foodstuff as a phenomena of heating of a dielectric through high frequency.
  • V the'foodstuff may be done to the extent of scorching while the interior may remain in a state of half roasting. For example, a roast may be well done on the exterior while remaining rare in the interior.
  • the cause of heating is due to molecular motion in the interior of the foodstuff when it is subjected to high frequency electromagnetic radiation.
  • the foodstuff itself becomes a heat generating body and the interior and exterior thereof are cooked equally and swiftly.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for heating the interior of the foodstuff sufficiently in a short time as well as simultaneously browning the exterior thereof.
  • Another objectof the invention is to provide an infrared source generating body for use in an electronic range.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus and method in which a source for emitting infrared radiation and a foodstuff to be heated are put in a region of propagation of electromagnetic waves emitted from a high frequency generator.
  • the whole of the foodstuff to be heated is subjected to high frequency dielectric heating and at the same time, the exterior surface of the foodstuff is browned by the infrared radiation emitted from the infrared source.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates the operation of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an electronic range incorporating the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating an alternate embodiment of the heat generating source.
  • FIG. I a conventional electronic range is illustrated in somewhat schematic form.
  • a foodstuff l to be processed is placed in the heating chamber 4 of the range and is subjected to high frequency electromagnetic radiation (illustrated by the numeral 6) which is generated by a high frequency generator 9 (FIG. 2).
  • the high frequency radiation 6 traverses the interior 4 of the range and acts upon the foodstuff 1 contained therein.
  • molecular motion in the interior of the foodstuff causes heating and as a result the foodstuff itself becomes the heat-generating body.
  • foodstuff prepared in this manner is quickly and rapidly cooked and the interior and exterior surfaces are generally cooked to about the same degree.
  • a conductive thin film 3 may be formed on the surface of a dish or other vessel 2 in which the foodstuff is contained when placed in the oven.
  • an insulating plate 5 having a similar conductive thin film 3 thereon may be provided at an appropriate position in the heating chamber 4 of the electronic range.
  • an electronic vortex current is generated in the thin film 3 by the action of the electromagnetic waves 6 causing the thin film to heat and become an infrared heat source. Accordingly, the infrared radiation from the thin film 3 located on the dish 2 or on the insulating plate 5 radiates infrared radiation to thereby apply additional heat to the exterior surfaces of the foodstuff l at the same time the interior of the foodstuff is heated by the passage of the high frequency electromagnetic waves therethrough.
  • the conductive thin film 3 may be formed on the surface of the dish 2 or on the insulating plate 5.
  • a material such as glass having a low coefficient of expansion and heat resisting properties.
  • a thin tin oxide coating is glazed at a high temperature to the surfaces of the dish thereby providing a conductive thin film on its surfaces.
  • a similar thin film layer of tin oxide may be provided on an insulating plate 5 at an appropriate location within the range. If the thickness of the layer 3 is about 0.5 p. the approximate resistance of the dish 2 or the insulating plate 5 will be on the order of 1.5 X l0- 0cm. As a contrast, for example, the resistance value for copper is 1.7 X 10 Gem and, for nichrome, 1.1 X 10 0 cm.
  • a conductive glass 3 constructed as above exhibits excellent performance when utilized as an infrared heat generating source in an electronic range. This is due to the combined effect of the electrical insulating properties of the glass itself and the electrical conducting properties of the coated film. If the region of wavelength is in the neighborhood of the maximum emissivity of infrared radiation is made to lie somewhere at more than 3 p. there is little change in the heating effect as the surface color of the object varies during cooking. Also, the efficiency of heat transfer radiation is high.
  • a conductive thin film 3 on the dish itself no modifications are necessary to the range.
  • the foodstuff is simply placed in the dish and the range is operated in a conventional manner.
  • the coating on the glass may be transparent or attractively colored.
  • the dish may also be utilized as a convenient serving dish.
  • an infrared heat generator is supplied without the necessity of a separate electrical power source within the range.
  • the insulating plate may be arranged in the range in any convenient manner so that it may be removed if desired. In either case, a separate power source is not required as the thin film conductive layer 3 provides the infrared heat source as the electromagnetic waves act upon it.
  • the principal materials Si O Alggg l iz o, etc.
  • agents for nucleus formation Zr 0 Ti 0 etc.
  • the mixture is then fused at a high temperature of about l,600C and, processed by molding it to the required shape and dimension.
  • the molded shape is then annealed to remove stresses.
  • the raw material at this stage of process remains amorphous and the finished product is obtained by giving primary heating (700800C) continuously in an oven for crystallization to keep the original form of the raw glass.
  • the glass is then subjected to a secondary heating treatment (800900C).
  • the above primary and secondary heat treatments are the heating schedule based on the theory of generation and growth of crystals.
  • small nuclei having dimensions of from several ten to several hundred of A are generated, then after the elevation of the temperature amorphous regions are formed around the nuclei.
  • the above amorphous regions change to B-Eucryptite (Li2O.Al2 O 2 SiO;) and M,o and to microcrystals of solid solution of SiO
  • the crystalline particles are less than 0.01 -0.5 [.L, of smaller dimension than the wavelengths of visible rays and the index of refraction of light is the same as that of the glass.
  • the transparent products are thereby obtained. If semi-transparent or white objects are desired further heating process may be applied.
  • the glass obtained by the above process is to be defined as a crystallized glass".
  • a conductive glass as shown in FIG. 3 may be provided. Fine pieces of carbon fibre 11 are sprinkled and adhered to a dish formed of electrically insulating and heat-resisting glass, ceramic or the like.
  • the above carbon fibre I l is a popular name for fibres of cellulose or acryl baked (carbonized) at a temperature exceeding 1,000C on immersing them in nitrogen or alchol by isolating from oxygen-
  • a layer of silicon carbide (SiC) may be formed as the thin film 3 on a dish using heat resisting glass or ceramic as the principal body. Because of its high melting point this embodiment operates satisfactorily in a high temperature environment.
  • an electronic range having a chamber in which a foodstuff is subjected to high frequency electromagnetic radiation for the cooking thereof, the improvement comprising: emitting means in said chamber for emitting infrared radiation in response to said electromagnetic radiation, said emitting means including a heat-resistant, electrically nonconductive plate and converting means formed on a surface of said plate for converting such electromagnetic radiation to infrared radiation, said converting means being an electrically conductive thin film, said emitting means acting upon a foodstuff contained in said chamber to brown the outer surfaces thereof.
  • said converting means comprises a thin film of tin oxide formed on said surface of said plate, said film having a thickness of about 5 microns.
  • said converting means comprises: a layer of silicon carbide fixed on said surface of said plate.
  • a method of browning the surface of a foodstuff in an electronic range having a chamber in which the foodstuff is subjected to high frequency electromagnetic radiation for the cooking thereof comprising: the steps of providing a container having a thin film of tin oxide formed on at least one surface thereof for emitting infrared radiation in response to electromagnetic radiation in said chamber; placing the foodstuff in said container in contact with said container; and subjecting said foodstuff and said container to said high frequency radiation whereby said foodstuff is cooked by said high frequency radiation and the outer surface thereof is browned by the infrared radiation converted by said tin oxide film from said high frequency radiation.
  • Apparatus for converting high-frequency electromagnetic energy into heat energy in an electronic range for browning the outer surface of a foodstuff subjected to such high-frequency radiation for the cooking thereof comprising:
  • a container for the foodstuff said container having a heat resistant, electrically insulating base material, and a thin film of tin oxide formed on said base material on at least one surface thereof, said container adapted to support the foodstuff whereby a foodstuff contacting said container is browned by said heat energy while the interior of such foodstuff is cooked by said high-frequency electromagnetic radiation.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
US00158287A 1970-07-06 1971-06-30 Method and apparatus for browning exterior surfaces of foodstuff in an electronic range Expired - Lifetime US3783220A (en)

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JP5884770 1970-07-06

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DE (1) DE2132369A1 (ko)
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Cited By (60)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3920944A (en) * 1970-08-18 1975-11-18 Hirst Microwave Ind Limited Method of cooking food employing both microwave and heat energy
US3922452A (en) * 1974-03-11 1975-11-25 Corning Glass Works Microwave browning vessel
US3941967A (en) * 1973-09-28 1976-03-02 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Microwave cooking apparatus
US3965323A (en) * 1975-02-26 1976-06-22 Corning Glass Works Method and apparatus for providing uniform surface browning of foodstuff through microwave energy
US3974354A (en) * 1975-06-04 1976-08-10 General Motors Corporation Microwave utensil with reflective surface handle
DE2745307A1 (de) * 1976-10-08 1978-04-13 Pillsbury Co Verpackung und verfahren zur mikrowellenerhitzung
US4190757A (en) * 1976-10-08 1980-02-26 The Pillsbury Company Microwave heating package and method
US4230924A (en) * 1978-10-12 1980-10-28 General Mills, Inc. Method and material for prepackaging food to achieve microwave browning
US4267420A (en) * 1978-05-30 1981-05-12 General Mills, Inc. Packaged food item and method for achieving microwave browning thereof
US4362917A (en) * 1980-12-29 1982-12-07 Raytheon Company Ferrite heating apparatus
US4367388A (en) * 1979-06-06 1983-01-04 Hitachi Heating Appliances Co., Ltd. Cooking heating apparatus
US4369346A (en) * 1979-06-20 1983-01-18 National Union Electric Corporation Microwave baking utensil
US4454403A (en) * 1980-12-01 1984-06-12 Raytheon Company Microwave heating method and apparatus
US4495392A (en) * 1978-08-28 1985-01-22 Raytheon Company Microwave simmer pot
US4536242A (en) * 1982-05-12 1985-08-20 Q & Q Retreading System Ab Method and apparatus for retreading vehicle tires
US4559093A (en) * 1982-01-20 1985-12-17 Q&Q Retreading System Ab Method for retreading vehicle tires
US4565669A (en) * 1983-04-21 1986-01-21 Cem Corporation Microwave ashing apparatus
US4641005A (en) * 1979-03-16 1987-02-03 James River Corporation Food receptacle for microwave cooking
US4663506A (en) * 1986-07-30 1987-05-05 Raytheon Company Microwave cake and bread maker
US4735513A (en) * 1985-06-03 1988-04-05 Golden Valley Microwave Foods Inc. Flexible packaging sheets
JPS63294375A (ja) * 1987-04-13 1988-12-01 イー・アイ・デユポン・デ・ニモアス・アンド・カンパニー マイクロ波感受性包装材料
US4803324A (en) * 1985-02-15 1989-02-07 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Microwave heating and infrared ray heating appliance
US4806718A (en) * 1987-06-01 1989-02-21 General Mills, Inc. Ceramic gels with salt for microwave heating susceptor
US4808780A (en) * 1987-09-10 1989-02-28 General Mills, Inc. Amphoteric ceramic microwave heating susceptor utilizing compositions with metal salt moderators
US4810845A (en) * 1987-06-01 1989-03-07 General Mills, Inc. Solid state ceramic microwave heating susceptor
US4818831A (en) * 1987-06-25 1989-04-04 General Mills, Inc. Amphoteric ceramic microwave heating susceptor
US4822966A (en) * 1987-02-20 1989-04-18 Yuzuru Matsubara Method of producing heat with microwaves
US4825024A (en) * 1987-06-01 1989-04-25 General Mills, Inc. Solid state ceramic microwave heating susceptor utilizing compositions with metal salt moderators
US4825025A (en) * 1979-03-16 1989-04-25 James River Corporation Food receptacle for microwave cooking
US4861958A (en) * 1983-07-05 1989-08-29 James River-Norwalk, Inc. Packaging container for microwave popcorn popping
US4865921A (en) * 1987-03-10 1989-09-12 James Riker Corporation Of Virginia Microwave interactive laminate
US4891482A (en) * 1988-07-13 1990-01-02 The Stouffer Corporation Disposable microwave heating receptacle and method of using same
US4904836A (en) * 1988-05-23 1990-02-27 The Pillsbury Co. Microwave heater and method of manufacture
US4950857A (en) * 1987-06-01 1990-08-21 General Mills, Inc. Solid state ceramic microwave heating susceptor compositions with metal salt moderators
US4956533A (en) * 1987-06-01 1990-09-11 General Mills, Inc. Solid state ceramic microwave heating susceptor compositions
US4965423A (en) * 1987-06-25 1990-10-23 General Mills, Inc. Amphoteric ceramic microwave heating susceptor compositions
US4965427A (en) * 1987-09-10 1990-10-23 General Mills, Inc. Amphoteric ceramic microwave heating susceptor compositions with metal salt moderators
US4968865A (en) * 1987-06-01 1990-11-06 General Mills, Inc. Ceramic gels with salt for microwave heating susceptor
US4977302A (en) * 1988-12-23 1990-12-11 Degussa Aktiengesellschaft Browning utensil for microwave ovens
US5057659A (en) * 1986-02-04 1991-10-15 Commercial Decal, Inc. Microwave heating utensil with particulate susceptor layer
US5079398A (en) * 1989-11-27 1992-01-07 Pre Finish Metals Incorporated Container with ferrite coating and method of making ferrite-coated sheet
US5107126A (en) * 1987-08-22 1992-04-21 Shusuke Yano Far infrared generator
US5136133A (en) * 1988-09-28 1992-08-04 Briggs David H Microwave heating apparatus
US5139826A (en) * 1989-11-27 1992-08-18 Pre Finish Metals, Incorporated Container with ferrite coating and method of making ferrite-coated sheet
US5142114A (en) * 1988-09-28 1992-08-25 Briggs David H Microwave chamber for heating foodstuffs
US5144107A (en) * 1990-04-11 1992-09-01 The Stouffer Corporation Microwave susceptor sheet stock with heat control
US5182425A (en) * 1990-11-06 1993-01-26 The Pillsbury Company Thick metal microwave susceptor
US5183787A (en) * 1987-09-10 1993-02-02 General Mills, Inc. Amphoteric ceramic microwave heating susceptor compositions with metal salt moderators
US5254820A (en) * 1990-11-19 1993-10-19 The Pillsbury Company Artificial dielectric tuning device for microwave ovens
US5272302A (en) * 1991-12-17 1993-12-21 Raytheon Company Microwave oven with improved cooking uniformity
US5343024A (en) * 1990-12-21 1994-08-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Microwave susceptor incorporating a coating material having a silicate binder and an active constituent
US5360964A (en) * 1992-02-17 1994-11-01 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Microwave coffee maker having a hot plate heated by microwaves
US5396052A (en) * 1990-12-14 1995-03-07 The Rubbright Group, Inc. Ceramic utensil for microwave cooking
WO2000022886A1 (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-04-20 Whirlpool Corporation Microwave oven with browning device
US6188055B1 (en) 1996-12-03 2001-02-13 Advanced Deposition Technologies, Inc. Micromesh heating material and food packages made therefrom
US6297485B1 (en) * 1999-06-28 2001-10-02 Lg Electronics Inc. Microwave oven having bidirectional microwave flow channels
US6512216B2 (en) 2001-01-17 2003-01-28 The Penn State Research Foundation Microwave processing using highly microwave absorbing powdered material layers
US20040000545A1 (en) * 2002-06-29 2004-01-01 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Microwave oven, and guide roller, cooking tray and dish for use in microwave oven
US20060019001A1 (en) * 2004-07-23 2006-01-26 Levinson Melvin L A microwave fat frying kit and fat frying methods
US20090095740A1 (en) * 2007-10-15 2009-04-16 Silberline Manufacturing Company, Inc. Ir reflective material for cooking

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Cited By (62)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3920944A (en) * 1970-08-18 1975-11-18 Hirst Microwave Ind Limited Method of cooking food employing both microwave and heat energy
US3941967A (en) * 1973-09-28 1976-03-02 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Microwave cooking apparatus
US3922452A (en) * 1974-03-11 1975-11-25 Corning Glass Works Microwave browning vessel
US3965323A (en) * 1975-02-26 1976-06-22 Corning Glass Works Method and apparatus for providing uniform surface browning of foodstuff through microwave energy
US3974354A (en) * 1975-06-04 1976-08-10 General Motors Corporation Microwave utensil with reflective surface handle
DE2745307A1 (de) * 1976-10-08 1978-04-13 Pillsbury Co Verpackung und verfahren zur mikrowellenerhitzung
US4190757A (en) * 1976-10-08 1980-02-26 The Pillsbury Company Microwave heating package and method
US4267420A (en) * 1978-05-30 1981-05-12 General Mills, Inc. Packaged food item and method for achieving microwave browning thereof
US4495392A (en) * 1978-08-28 1985-01-22 Raytheon Company Microwave simmer pot
US4230924A (en) * 1978-10-12 1980-10-28 General Mills, Inc. Method and material for prepackaging food to achieve microwave browning
US4825025A (en) * 1979-03-16 1989-04-25 James River Corporation Food receptacle for microwave cooking
US4641005A (en) * 1979-03-16 1987-02-03 James River Corporation Food receptacle for microwave cooking
US4367388A (en) * 1979-06-06 1983-01-04 Hitachi Heating Appliances Co., Ltd. Cooking heating apparatus
US4369346A (en) * 1979-06-20 1983-01-18 National Union Electric Corporation Microwave baking utensil
US4454403A (en) * 1980-12-01 1984-06-12 Raytheon Company Microwave heating method and apparatus
US4362917A (en) * 1980-12-29 1982-12-07 Raytheon Company Ferrite heating apparatus
US4559093A (en) * 1982-01-20 1985-12-17 Q&Q Retreading System Ab Method for retreading vehicle tires
US4536242A (en) * 1982-05-12 1985-08-20 Q & Q Retreading System Ab Method and apparatus for retreading vehicle tires
US4565669A (en) * 1983-04-21 1986-01-21 Cem Corporation Microwave ashing apparatus
US4861958A (en) * 1983-07-05 1989-08-29 James River-Norwalk, Inc. Packaging container for microwave popcorn popping
US4870255A (en) * 1985-02-15 1989-09-26 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Infrared ray heating appliance utilizing a convection fan
US4803324A (en) * 1985-02-15 1989-02-07 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Microwave heating and infrared ray heating appliance
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