US3779518A - Continuous photographic emulsion processing - Google Patents
Continuous photographic emulsion processing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3779518A US3779518A US00225194A US3779518DA US3779518A US 3779518 A US3779518 A US 3779518A US 00225194 A US00225194 A US 00225194A US 3779518D A US3779518D A US 3779518DA US 3779518 A US3779518 A US 3779518A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tubes
- inlets
- mixing zone
- heads
- spiral
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/015—Apparatus or processes for the preparation of emulsions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/434—Mixing tubes comprising cylindrical or conical inserts provided with grooves or protrusions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/81—Combinations of similar mixers, e.g. with rotary stirring devices in two or more receptacles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C2200/00—Details
- G03C2200/09—Apparatus
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/2496—Self-proportioning or correlating systems
- Y10T137/2499—Mixture condition maintaining or sensing
- Y10T137/2506—By viscosity or consistency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/2496—Self-proportioning or correlating systems
- Y10T137/2499—Mixture condition maintaining or sensing
- Y10T137/2509—By optical or chemical property
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
- Y10T137/85978—With pump
- Y10T137/86131—Plural
- Y10T137/86163—Parallel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
- Y10T137/86187—Plural tanks or compartments connected for serial flow
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A continuous preparation of photographic emulsions by adding a plurality of individual components, the individual components being introduced continuously andsuccessively by metering pumps. Each individual component is completely mixed with the main stream of emulsion before the next component is introduced. Mixing is carried out in a static mixing zone or alternatively by producing a secondary turbulent flow in a particularly designed mixing zone.
- PATENTEUDECI a ma SHEEI Q UF 4 FIG. 5
- the present invention relates to a process for the continuous preparation of photographic emulsions which are ready for casting in which the individual components are introduced together into a closed, tubular body with the starting emulsion and dispersed in one another, and to an apparatus for carrying out this process.
- metering pumps can be used to carry out reactions in which reactants cannot all be immediately combined.
- the different reactants can be delivered in graduated quantities to a reaction vessel. It is possible in this way for the reaction to be controlled quantitatively and for its duration to be controlled also.
- the basic component in another known process, is carried along in an ascending stream, whilst the additional components are superimposed in continuous succession upon the basic component rotationally symmetrically in a cross-stream.
- One disadvantage of this process is that admixture is always incomplete and that it is impossible to establish consistent mixing times for different parts of the emulsion.
- the object of the invention is to react the smallest possible proportions by volume of the emulsion and additives as directly and as quickly as possible.
- An apparatus which provides the reactants with temporary protection from the mixture, is thus unsuitable in principle.
- photographic emulsions have been provided in accordance with certain recipes with a number of additives which impart to these emulsions advantages such as for example sensitivity in certain spectral regions, stability during casting, stability during storage, and favourable fogging characteristics.
- These substances have to be added in a certain order and in a certain chronological sequence in order to achieve the required objective. This is associated with the fact that, in order to become active, these substances have to be adsorbed onto the silver halide grain. A place on the grain surface which is occupied by substance A either cannot be taken up by substance B at all, or can only be taken up after a desorption process.
- the idea behind the process was to rapidly bring one unit by volume of the emulsion into direct contact with one unit by volume of the active solution so that not only does rapid admixture in the accepted sense occur, but also the rate at which adsorption takes place is comparable with the rate at which precipitation takes place.
- a process for the continuous preparation of photographic emulsions which are ready for casting, wherein individual emulsion components are introduced into a stream of starting emulsion in a closed tubular body and dispersed in the stream, the individual components being introduced continuously and in succession to one another by means of metering pumps, each individual component being completely admixed with the stream in a mixing zone downstream from where it is introduced before the next component is introduced.
- Admixture advantageously takes place in a static mixing zone. in a mixing zone of this kind, a particularly intense mixing effect'can be achieved by generating a secondary turbulent flow in the mixing zone.
- the rate of flow of the main stream is selected in such a way that the average residence time of a particular component in its respective mixing zone is at most 50 seconds.
- an apparatus for the continuous preparation ofphotographic emulsion which are ready for casting, comprising a tubular body having inlets arranged along its length which each communicate through metering pumps with one or more individual emulsion component storage vessels, a mixing zone which has no parts adapted to be mechanically moved being arranged between each adjacent pair of inlets.
- the mixing zone consists of two tubes arranged onebehind the other in hairpin-fashion in each of which tubes a spiral is arranged whose diameter is substantially identical to the internal diameter of the tube.
- the spiral is best dimensioned in such a way that the ratio of its lead to the distance between its core and the inner surface of-the respective tube is 2:1.
- the inlets for the individual components are simply formed by tangential tubes or, in preferred embodiment, are in the form of sprinkler heads.
- the hairpin-like mixing zones are provided with quick closures, the spirals being locked in position by holders when the mixing zones are closed.
- the metering pumps are not driven through separate motors, but instead have a common drive.
- measuring sensors and regulating devices are preferably provided at the end of the mixing zone.
- measuring control vessels are incorporated both in the upstream end of the tubular pipe and between the inlets for the additives and their supply vessels for monitoring the mixing ratio.
- the time required to complete the adsorption of photographically active substances from a partly precipitated heavily diluted solution is greatly reduced.
- the effect of guiding flow in the manner described is that the solution of the photographically active substances of the emulsion is delivered in small proportions by volume and, through the intensive admixing effect, passes directly to the silver halide grain before precipitation can take place.
- the effect of this is that there is no need for the hitherto necessary digestion times during preparation of the emulsion.
- Another advantage of the process according to the invention is that it is possible to quickly change from production of one emulsion of one composition to an emulsion of a different composition.
- the low overall volume achieved through the special hairpin-like configuration of the mixing zones has a favourable effect.
- regulating means for continuously regulating the additives at the individual inlets.
- the installation can be centrally controlled from a process computer to which all regulating systems are linked.
- the installation according to the invention is extremely easy to maintain and clean. In addition, its reliability in operation is extremely high because there are no mechanically moved parts in the emulsion feed zone as a whole.
- FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates the installation as a whole
- FIG. 2 is a partial cross-actional view which shows the hairpin-like mixing zone in detail
- FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view taken through FIG. 2 along the line 2A2A;
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmental cross-section which shows how the secondary eddy current is generated
- FIGS. 4 and 5 are cross-sectional views which show special embodiment of the inlets.
- FIG. 1 shows how the stream of emulsion is guided.
- a starting emulsion is continuously introduced into the installation at an inlet 1, flows through a measuring control vessel 2 and is then pumped by a mainstream metering pump 3 into the hairpin-like mixing zones 4 which are arranged one behind the other.
- Additives A, to A are successively introduced into the main stream 1 by reciprocating metering pumps 5 through inlets 6.
- the main stream pump 3 and all the metering pumps 5 have a common drive. All the pumps are best adjusted in phase in such a way that they deliver the additives in synchronism with one another.
- the throughput in the mixing zone can be adjusted substantially as required by a rotational speed adjustment (not shown), or alternatively can be automatically regulated in dependence upon their levels and thus adapted to consumption.
- the mixing ratio and hence the composition of the emulsion, remains constant irrespective of the througput.
- the mixing ratio is additionally monitored at fixed time intervals by the measuring control vessel 2 and by further measuring control vessels (not shown) which are installed in the feed pipes for additives A to A Incorrect metering, if any, can be immediately detected in this way.
- the average residence time of any one unit of volume of the components added in the mixing zone 4 is governed by the throughput. In the practical operation of the installation, residence time of b 50 seconds are generally not exceeded because otherwise the emulsions can change their properties.
- Additives A to A can include dyes for optical sensitisation, organochemical substances for stabilisation, wetting agents, hardeners, dye components, optical brighteners, pH-regulators, etc.
- the mixing effect in the zone 4 is so intense that complete admixture of a given component with a volume of the main stream always takes place before a new additive is introduced into that volume.
- Spirals 7, which generate a secondary turbulent flow, are shown in the mixing zones 4.
- the last two mixing zones are provided with detectors 8, 9 and control systems 8', 9 which are adapted to keep the pH-value and the viscosity, respectively, constant. These values can be influenced by the additives A and A
- the last two metering pumps 5 are provided with an adjustable piston stroke which is controlled by the regulating systems 8' and 9'. In certain cases, it can be of advantage to distribute an additive through several metering pumps and mixing zones 4 rather than introducing it through a single metering pump 5.
- the emulsion, ready for casting, is removed from an outlet 10 of the installation and can be directly delivered to a coating machine.
- FIG. 2 and FIG. 2A show hairpin-like mixing zone 4 in detail.
- It consists of two tubes 11 which are arranged one behind the other and in which the spirals 7 are fixed by means of holders 12.
- the ends of the tubes 1 1 are provided with quick closures 13.
- the mixing zones are surrounded by a jacket 14 and can be thermostatically maintained at a temperature of from 30 to 60C by means of a tempering liquid which 'is introduced through the jacket opening 15.
- the inlet 6 through which additives are introduced is situated at the lower end of a tube 1 1 of the mixing zone.
- FIG. 3 shows a detail of the mixing zone on a larger scale.
- a particularly intense mixing effect is achieved if the spiral 7 is dimensioned in such a way that the ratio of lead a to internal space b is about 2:1. With these dimensions, secondary turbulent flow 16 is developed in the spiral 11, as shown in the drawing.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show embodiments of the inlet 6.
- FIG. 4 shows an inlet in the form of a simple tangentially arranged tube.
- the component to be added flows through an inlet tube 17 substantially perpendicularly of the direction of the main stream at thelower end of the mixing tube 11.
- the inlet 6 is in the form of a sprinkler as shown in FIG. 5.
- the component to be added flows through the inlet tube 17 into an annular duct 18 and through openings 19, perpendicularly of the direction of the main stream, into the mixing tube 11.
- the static form of mixing zone is provided by omitting spirals 7 from mixing zones 4, and a complete static mixing zone apparatus is as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 2A without any spirals 7.
- a process for the continuous preparation of photographic emulsions which are ready for casting wherein individual emulsion components are introduced into a stream of staring emulsion at different locations in a series of closed tubular bodies and dispersed in the stream, the individual components being introduced continuously and I in succession to one another by means of metering pumps, and a succession of changes in the direction of flow of the stream are caused by channeling it through a nonlinear static flow channeling element in a mixing zone in the closed tubular body downstream from where each individual component is introduced whereby each individual component is completely admixed with the stream before the next component is introduced.
- An apparatus for the continuous preparation of photographic emulsions which are ready for casting, comprising a series of tubular bodies having inlets arranged at different locations between them, each of the inlets communicating through metering pumps with one or more individual emulsion component storage vessels, a mixing zone which as no parts adapted to be mechanically moved being arranged between each adjacent pair of inlets, and a spiral flow channeling element in each of the mixing zones for causing a succession of changes in the direction of flow in the mixing 9.
- An apparatus according to claim 5 comprising a measuring control vessel located before the first tubular body in the series.
- a mixing zone for introducing a liquid additive into a flow stream comprising at least one tubular conduit, removable heads connected to each end of the tubular conduit for connecting it as part of a tubular body, an additive inlet connected to each of the heads, a spiral lead screw having helical flutes disposed about a longitudinal core rod being removably inserted within each of the tubes for generating a secondary turbulent flow within each of the tubes, and the removable heads being constructed and arranged to permit removal of the spiral lead screws for cleaning.
- An apparatus for the continuous preparation of photographic emulsions which are ready for casting comprising a series of tubular bodies having inlets arranged at different locations between them, each of the inlets communicating through metering pumps with one or more individual emulsion component storage vessels, a mixing zone which has no parts adapted to be mechanically moved being arranged between each adjacent pair of inlets, and each mixing zone comprises two adjacent tubes arranged in hairpin-fashion in each of which is arranged a spiral flow channel having a diameter substantially identical in the internal diameter of the respective tube.
- An apparatus for the continuous prepartion of photographic emulsions which are ready for casting comprising a series of tubular bodies having inlets arranged at different location between them,-each of the inlets communicating through metering pumps with one or more individual emulsion component storage vessels, a mixing zone which has no parts adapted to be mechanically moved being arranged between each adjacent pair of inlets, each of the mixing zones includes at least one tubular conduit, removable heads connected to each end of the conduit for connecting it as part of the tubular body, one of the inlets being connected to each of the heads, a spiral lead screw having helical flutes disposed about a longitudinal core rod being removably inserted within each of the tubes for generating a secondary turbulent flow within each of the tubes, and the removable heads being constructed and arranged to permit removal of the spiral lead screws for cleaning.
- each of the heads includes a pair of openings for connection to a pair of the tubes, one of the heads connecting one end of each of the tubes to each other, and the other of the heads including an inflow connection to one of the tubes and an outflow connection to the other of the tubes.
- a mixing zone for introducing a liquid additive into a flow stream comprising at least one tubular conduit, removable heads connected to each end of the tubular conduit for connecting it as part of a tubular body, an additive inlet connected to each of the heads, spiral lead screw having helical flutes disposed about a longitudinal core rod being removably inserted within each of the tubes for generating a secondary turbulent flow within each of the tubes, and the removable heads being constructed and arranged to permit removal of the spiral lead screws for cleaning, each of the heads includes a pair of openings for connection to a pair of the tubes, one of the heads connecting one end of each of the tubes to each other, and the other of the heads including an inflow connection to one of the tubes and the outflow connection to the other of the tubes.
- An apparatus for the continuous preparation of photographic emulsions which are ready for casting comprising a series of tubular bodies having inlets arranged at different locations between them communicating through metering pumps with one or more individual emulsion component storage vessels, a mixing zone which has no parts adapted to be mechanically moved being arranged between each adjacent pair of inlets, and the inlets comprising tubes arranged tangential to the series of tubular bodies.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2106526A DE2106526C3 (de) | 1971-02-11 | 1971-02-11 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Zubereitung photographischer Emulsionen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3779518A true US3779518A (en) | 1973-12-18 |
Family
ID=5798488
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00225194A Expired - Lifetime US3779518A (en) | 1971-02-11 | 1972-02-10 | Continuous photographic emulsion processing |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3779518A (it) |
JP (1) | JPS5634854B1 (it) |
BE (1) | BE779230A (it) |
CH (1) | CH537207A (it) |
DE (1) | DE2106526C3 (it) |
FR (1) | FR2125404B1 (it) |
GB (1) | GB1354841A (it) |
IT (1) | IT948478B (it) |
Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4092013A (en) * | 1974-09-13 | 1978-05-30 | Gustaf Adolf Staaf | Mixer with no moving parts |
US4241023A (en) * | 1977-12-10 | 1980-12-23 | Agfa-Gevaert, A.G. | Apparatus for the continuous preparation of photographic emulsions |
US4305669A (en) * | 1980-04-24 | 1981-12-15 | Hope Henry F | Mixing apparatus |
US4643336A (en) * | 1984-12-05 | 1987-02-17 | Kent-Moore Corporation | Mixing and dispensing gun |
US5083872A (en) * | 1990-12-14 | 1992-01-28 | Eastman Kodak Company | Liquids mixing and dispensing system |
US5182190A (en) * | 1988-01-18 | 1993-01-26 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method for obtaining a photographic coating composition |
US5191910A (en) * | 1990-11-14 | 1993-03-09 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method and apparatus for continuous liquefaction of gelled photographic materials |
US5482682A (en) * | 1993-05-17 | 1996-01-09 | Florida Scientific Laboratories Inc. | Apparatus for direct fluorination of a hydrocarbon by molecular fluorine gas |
US5909959A (en) * | 1997-11-04 | 1999-06-08 | Gerich; Horst | Compact fluid mixer |
US6004025A (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1999-12-21 | Life Technologies, Inc. | Automated liquid manufacturing system |
US20020048213A1 (en) * | 2000-07-31 | 2002-04-25 | Wilmer Jeffrey Alexander | Method and apparatus for blending process materials |
US6495166B1 (en) | 1999-11-12 | 2002-12-17 | Alkermes Controlled Therapeutics Inc. | Apparatus and method for preparing microparticles using in-line solvent extraction |
US6517232B1 (en) * | 1996-05-20 | 2003-02-11 | Becker-Underwood, Inc. | Mixing systems |
US6540393B1 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2003-04-01 | Alkermes Controlled Therapeutics Inc. Ii | Apparatus for preparing microparticles using in-line solvent extraction |
US20030095473A1 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2003-05-22 | Etchells Arthur William | Process for blending fluids of widely differing viscosities |
US20050185506A1 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2005-08-25 | Allen Thomas E. | Gel mixing system |
US20080054220A1 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2008-03-06 | Alkermes, Inc. | Apparatus and method for preparing microparticles using in-line solvent extraction |
WO2012000581A1 (de) * | 2010-06-30 | 2012-01-05 | Khs Gmbh | Verfahren und anlage zur herstellung von fluidgemischen, z.b. getränken |
EP2735604A1 (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2014-05-28 | Castrol Limited | Method of preparing a lubricant composition |
US20160175784A1 (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2016-06-23 | Caterpillar Inc. | Mixing system for aftertreatment system |
US20180111138A1 (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2018-04-26 | Advanced Solutions Life Sciences, Llc | Static Mixing Device and Method of Manufacturing Static Mixing Device |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4332483A (en) * | 1979-09-17 | 1982-06-01 | Hope Henry F | Mixing apparatus |
US5277494A (en) * | 1993-05-11 | 1994-01-11 | Graco | Fluid integrator |
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US2751425A (en) * | 1951-02-01 | 1956-06-19 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Method and apparatus for mixing and contacting fluids |
US3430925A (en) * | 1966-05-25 | 1969-03-04 | Willy Buhner | Apparatus for continuous dispersion of predominantly viscous substances |
US3475392A (en) * | 1963-09-23 | 1969-10-28 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Process control system for maintaining constant polymerization conditions |
US3532102A (en) * | 1968-04-01 | 1970-10-06 | Exactel Ind Co | Blending control system |
US3582048A (en) * | 1969-06-12 | 1971-06-01 | Union Oil Co | Inline fluid mixing device |
US3655166A (en) * | 1969-12-24 | 1972-04-11 | Theo Sauer | Process and device for continuous preparation of emulsions |
US3684251A (en) * | 1970-09-08 | 1972-08-15 | Us Army | Apparatus for continuous emulsification |
-
1971
- 1971-02-11 DE DE2106526A patent/DE2106526C3/de not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-02-09 GB GB596472A patent/GB1354841A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-02-09 IT IT48217/72A patent/IT948478B/it active
- 1972-02-10 CH CH191172A patent/CH537207A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-02-10 US US00225194A patent/US3779518A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1972-02-10 JP JP1408672A patent/JPS5634854B1/ja active Pending
- 1972-02-11 FR FR7204704A patent/FR2125404B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-02-11 BE BE779230A patent/BE779230A/nl unknown
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US2751425A (en) * | 1951-02-01 | 1956-06-19 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Method and apparatus for mixing and contacting fluids |
US3475392A (en) * | 1963-09-23 | 1969-10-28 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Process control system for maintaining constant polymerization conditions |
US3430925A (en) * | 1966-05-25 | 1969-03-04 | Willy Buhner | Apparatus for continuous dispersion of predominantly viscous substances |
US3532102A (en) * | 1968-04-01 | 1970-10-06 | Exactel Ind Co | Blending control system |
US3582048A (en) * | 1969-06-12 | 1971-06-01 | Union Oil Co | Inline fluid mixing device |
US3655166A (en) * | 1969-12-24 | 1972-04-11 | Theo Sauer | Process and device for continuous preparation of emulsions |
US3684251A (en) * | 1970-09-08 | 1972-08-15 | Us Army | Apparatus for continuous emulsification |
Cited By (35)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4092013A (en) * | 1974-09-13 | 1978-05-30 | Gustaf Adolf Staaf | Mixer with no moving parts |
US4241023A (en) * | 1977-12-10 | 1980-12-23 | Agfa-Gevaert, A.G. | Apparatus for the continuous preparation of photographic emulsions |
US4334884A (en) * | 1977-12-10 | 1982-06-15 | Agfa-Gevaert Ag | Process for the continuous preparation of photographic emulsions |
US4305669A (en) * | 1980-04-24 | 1981-12-15 | Hope Henry F | Mixing apparatus |
US4643336A (en) * | 1984-12-05 | 1987-02-17 | Kent-Moore Corporation | Mixing and dispensing gun |
US5182190A (en) * | 1988-01-18 | 1993-01-26 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method for obtaining a photographic coating composition |
US5191910A (en) * | 1990-11-14 | 1993-03-09 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method and apparatus for continuous liquefaction of gelled photographic materials |
US5083872A (en) * | 1990-12-14 | 1992-01-28 | Eastman Kodak Company | Liquids mixing and dispensing system |
US5482682A (en) * | 1993-05-17 | 1996-01-09 | Florida Scientific Laboratories Inc. | Apparatus for direct fluorination of a hydrocarbon by molecular fluorine gas |
WO1997025135A1 (en) * | 1993-05-17 | 1997-07-17 | Florida Scientific Laboratories Inc. | Apparatus and method for direct fluorination of a hydrocarbon by molecular fluorine gas |
US6517232B1 (en) * | 1996-05-20 | 2003-02-11 | Becker-Underwood, Inc. | Mixing systems |
US6004025A (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1999-12-21 | Life Technologies, Inc. | Automated liquid manufacturing system |
US6227695B1 (en) | 1997-05-16 | 2001-05-08 | Invitrogen Corporation | Automated liquid manufacturing system |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE779230A (nl) | 1972-08-11 |
JPS5634854B1 (it) | 1981-08-13 |
GB1354841A (en) | 1974-06-05 |
DE2106526C3 (de) | 1979-03-15 |
DE2106526B2 (de) | 1978-07-13 |
FR2125404A1 (it) | 1972-09-29 |
CH537207A (de) | 1973-05-31 |
DE2106526A1 (de) | 1972-08-31 |
IT948478B (it) | 1973-05-30 |
FR2125404B1 (it) | 1975-10-24 |
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