US3749057A - Method and apparatus for coating of filaments - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for coating of filaments Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3749057A US3749057A US00107195A US3749057DA US3749057A US 3749057 A US3749057 A US 3749057A US 00107195 A US00107195 A US 00107195A US 3749057D A US3749057D A US 3749057DA US 3749057 A US3749057 A US 3749057A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- filaments
- aluminum
- glass
- filament
- molten
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/38—Wires; Tubes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/42—Coatings containing inorganic materials
- C03C25/46—Metals
Definitions
- Metal-coated glass. filaments. are extremely useful materials.
- The. metal-coated fibers are much more abrasion resistant than the bare fibers. It is believedthat the improved: abrasion resistance. in metallizedglass'fibers" occurs. by reason of the higher thermoconductivity ofmetalcomparedlto glass,.permitting-removal of heat at a more rapid ratefront zones of point contact along. the length of abrading fibers.
- Metalcoated fibers have greater. applicationin use byreason ofv such higher abrasion resistance, but in additioncan be utilized advantageously in the molding of resins wherein the metal on the fibers can be inductively heated for curing or settingof. the resin inwhichthe fibers are incorporatedduring molding.
- Condensers can also be made of metallizedicontinuous fibers such as by winding alternate layers of aws'tack of. glass fibers with metallized glass fibers- Metallized glass fibers can also be used to reinforce hoses such as petroleum hoses, or can be used to'provide anchoring zones inplastic or resin products wherein a: concentrated mass of metallized fibers. act. a'sspiders in. fastening zones which permit threading or more solidanchoringof bolts, screws,
- Aluminum-' coated glass filaments are also very useful by reasonof the sensitivity of electronic'sig'nals'totheir reflectivesurface. Large quantities of the aluminum-clad filaments droppedfromaircraft serve to screen or confuse radar trackingof the aircraft.
- FIG. 1' is a three-quarter perspective view illustrating the employment of the'apparatus and the process of the present invention; portionsof the apparatus concerned being broken away in the interest of clarity,
- FIG. 2 is likewise a perspective view, similar to FIG. I, but showing one'segmentof the apparatus of the present invention greatly enlarged for purposes of illustrating details of construction and also the sequential movement of the filaments :therethrough; and
- FIG. 3 is a view similar t0 FIG. 1 but showing only one segment of the moving filaments.
- heat-softenable is meant that the material is capable of existing in the liquid state for purposes of application while liquid and also in the solid state when subjected to a lower temperature usually associated with ambient conditions.
- the filament element need not or is not necessarily limited to glass but can be any one of a number of wiretype materials such as of aluminum, copper or steel or,
- thermosetting materials as liquid polymerizates could be applied as liquids to a catalyst bearing filament followed by a heating to convert the coating to the thermoset condition.
- FIG. 1 a general layout of the apparatus for producing fibers or filaments of glass coated, in the present instance, with aluminum.
- Reference numeral l identifies a melter suitable for melting glass.
- a feeder or bushing 11 is located within the melter and is provided with a series of outlets in its bottom from which flow a plurality of streams of molten glaSs.
- the outlets are in the form of projections or tips 12 at the bottom of the feeder and are preferably arranged in several rows so that the streams are substantially in the same plane.
- the bushing 11 is made up of high-temperatureresistant conductive material such as platinum surrounded by refractory material retained in a steel casing, as shown.
- the streams flowing from the outlets, particularly the tips 12, are drawn into fiber form or filaments 14 by means of rotating, collet-supported, collecting tube 21 which winds the fibers thereon in strand form and also provides the pulling force necessary to attenuate the streams into the fine diameter of fiber or filament desired.
- a gathering member 19 serves to collect the plurality of filaments into a strand 23 and is loeated in a position intermediate the feeder 11 and the collecting tube 21. The type of gathering member shown in FIG.
- a brass-gathering spool of the type insulated in FIG. 3 and having a peripheral groove is frequently preferred as a gathering member for collecting the individual filaments into a unitary strand.
- Sizing materials may, of course, be applied separately from the gathering member. Typical sizing materials are described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,234,986. Other lubricants may be more beneficial for strictly metal coatings. Such materials include those of perhaps more lubricating properties such as petroleum oil, vegetable oil, molybdenum disulfide, etc.
- the disposition of the strand on the tube 21 to form a package is effected by a suitable traversing means such as a spiral wire traverse 22 arranged upon rotation to sweep the strand material back and forth along the axis of the collection tube with each revolution of the traverse 22.
- a suitable traversing means such as a spiral wire traverse 22 arranged upon rotation to sweep the strand material back and forth along the axis of the collection tube with each revolution of the traverse 22.
- the apparatus for imparting or applying to the filaments the coating of aluminum is identified by the reference numeral 40 and, as shown, is disposed beneath the feeder 11 and intermediate the feeder and the gathering member 19.
- the coating apparatus 40 is composed generally of a container-like body 42; in this case, formed of a ceramic or refractory material such as graphite having properties, such as temperature resistanee, sufficient to withstand the temperature of the molten aluminum contained therein.
- a plurality of electrical conductors 44 made of, for example, Nichrome which provide the heat necessary to melt and maintain the molten material within the container at the desired temperature. Other principles of heating may, of course, be employed.
- the container 42 includes a well or reservoir segment 46 in which is contained the molten aluminum A.
- One wall 47 of the container is somewhat shorter than the other and includes an upper edge surface 49 having formed thereon an upstanding inverted shaped projection 51 which extends along the upper surface of the wall in spaced parallelism with the outer corner edge 52.
- Outer surface 48 of wall 47 extends reversely inwardly in order to accommodate irregularly shaped refractory member 53 which includes a notch 55 having situated therein a rod member and held by any suitable arrangement. The'r od extends in spaced parallelism beneath the edge 52 of the wall 47 and situated generally therebeneath and perhaps slightly inwardly with respect thereto as provided by the inclined surface 48.
- the disposition of the applicator structure is such that the multiplicity of filaments drawn from the plurality of outlets l2 proceeds essentially vertically downwardly proximate the corner edge 52 and thence down into contact with the rod 60 and thence slightly inwardly at an angle to the alignment of the filaments proceeding downwardly from the bushing or feeder outlets 12.
- the molten aluminum is maintained at a level as will provide, by gravity, a gradual flow of aluminum over the uppermost terminus of the projection 51 toward the edge 52.
- the arrangement as described having in mind the viscosity of the molten aluminum at the temperature desired, generally in the range of I300F. or higher, together with the inherent surface tension of the aluminum, will result in the aluminum proceeding to the edge 52 and extending slightly therebeyond, forming, as it were, a lip, an overhang or meniscus identified by the reference numeral 56. This overhanging lip extends all along the edge 52 of wall 47 and is thereby available for contact by the downwardly proceeding plurality of continuous glass filaments.
- the partial coverage on the facing surface of the filament is effected as described hcreinabove.
- the what may be termed hall'- coated filament then proceeds downwardly into contact with the rod member 60 and hence therebelow at a slightly different angle, as illustrated in the drawings.
- the movement of the half-coated filament against the rod results in the formation of a slight bulge or ball of the aluminum just above the rod or as the filament approaches the rod; said bulge being identified by the reference numeral 65.
- the slight excess of material represented by the bulge which is constantly replenished by the descending supply of aluminum borne on the filament, is urged into complete envelopment of the filament or fiber in the manner illustrated and in the region identified generally by the reference numeral 67.
- package may then be further. processed by packaging, 5
- the path of the filaments can be at an angle in moving from the lip of molten aluminum to the winder.
- the amount of aluminum or other metal applied to the surface of the filaments may to an extent be varied by appropriate correlation of adjustment as to the speed of the filament and the viscosity of the alloy and the choice of the alloy.
- a l l 00 an aluminum alloy of the composition set forth in Table 1 below and identified in the aluminum industry as A l l 00:
- Silicon) l rnax mum Total 100% and a linear speed of filament draw of 2800 ft./min., an aluminum thickness ofabout 0.000125 inch is obtained as determined by an average of a series of measurement of the diameter of a coated filament.
- the coated filament measured an average of 0.0010 inch in diameter
- the uncoated filament measures 0.00075 inch 3 in diameter.
- triangle configurated projection serving as a dam allowing flow and formation of the overhanging lamp represents the most basic and therefore most preferred type of configuration for providing the condition making possible the overhang or lip.
- the projection could in theory be in the form of about any geometric shape or contour.
- a groove, ditch or depression in the surface will serve to cooperate with the surface tension in the allowing of flow and the formation of the overhang or lip at the edge of the margin.
- conduits formed in the wall extending communicatingly from the groove or depression to the container reservoir proper.
- Such a structure will, it can be seen, connect the portion of molten aluminum in the overhang or lip with the molten aluminum in the reservoir and particularly the segment of the aluminum in the reservoir which is below the normal surface.
- Other arrangements can also be employed to assist in the formation of the overhanging lip which assists in the accomplishments of the several objects of 6 projection 51.
- glass fibers can be coated with a variety of compositions of metal.
- suitable alloys of aluminum are the following: (1) an alloy of 5% calcium, 95% aluminum; (2) an alloy of 5l0% zinc, 90-95% aluminum; (3) an alloy of 22% copper, 78% aluminum; (4) an alloy of 5% magnesium, 5% zinc, 90% aluminum; (5) an alloy of 20% magnesium, 10% zinc, 70% aluminum; and (6) an alloy of magnesium, 70% aluminum.
- Alloys of lead which are illustrative of alternative metallic coatings are an alloy of l-30% zinc, l .5% cadmium, 68 5-97.5% lead.
- Other alloys may include, as co-alloying elements, silver, tin, copper, tellurium and antimony.
- the rod element is desirably formed of a material which is resistant to the erosive and corrosive effects of the molten metal being applied as further aggravated 5 by the high speed at which the coating is being applied to the rapidly moving glass filaments.
- Various refractory materials may be employed.
- the high-temperature-resistant silicates, particularly the magnesium silicates, are particularly efficacious and long lived in such application.
- the magnesium silicate, mullite, having the formulation 3Al 0 -2SiO is particularly desirable due to its extremely high melting point of in the neighborhood of just over l800C.
- the employment of the circular rod represents a preferred embodiment of the present invention in providing a contact surface. It has also been found that the rod preferably measures from about one-sixteenth to one-eighth inch in diameter so that the contact of the fibers therewith is quite brief.
- the contact surface could, of course, be provided by a variety of members either as separate elements of a given configuration or as an integral surface formed in the applicator wall in the region beneath the lip of mol ten material and transverse to the path of downwardly moving filaments. As indicated, the surface should be such as to involve a very small increment of line contact and should be fabricated of a material refractory to the molten material.
- a combination reservoir and feeder apparatus for applying molten metal to a plurality of glass filaments, controlled to move downwardly in generally sp aced parallel array, comprising:
- a heatable container reservoir for a supply of said molten metal, said container including marginal walls, one of said walls including an upwardly facing surface having an outer edge and an upstanding dam formed thereon in generally spaced parallel relationship with said edge, said dam and edge cooperating to control flow of molten metal thereover and formation of an overhang of molten metal available for pickup contact by said downwardly loping relationship with said filaments.
- said rodlike member is a silicate.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass Fibres Or Filaments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (3)
- 2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said rod-like member is a silicate.
- 3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein said rod-like member is an aluminum silicate.
- 4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein said aluminum silicate has the general formula 3Al2.2SiO2.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10719571A | 1971-01-18 | 1971-01-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3749057A true US3749057A (en) | 1973-07-31 |
Family
ID=22315353
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00107195A Expired - Lifetime US3749057A (en) | 1971-01-18 | 1971-01-18 | Method and apparatus for coating of filaments |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3749057A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3831551A (en) * | 1972-04-14 | 1974-08-27 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for coating filamentary material |
EP0436807A1 (en) * | 1989-12-14 | 1991-07-17 | Austria Metall Aktiengesellschaft | Impregnation nozzle for manufacturing metal-matrix composite material |
DE102006044487A1 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-04-03 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Sheet material for repairing fibre-reinforced components, e.g. cracked panels in airliners, comprises heat-curable resin containing glass fibres with a conductive coating which heats up in an alternating electromagnetic field |
-
1971
- 1971-01-18 US US00107195A patent/US3749057A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3831551A (en) * | 1972-04-14 | 1974-08-27 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for coating filamentary material |
EP0436807A1 (en) * | 1989-12-14 | 1991-07-17 | Austria Metall Aktiengesellschaft | Impregnation nozzle for manufacturing metal-matrix composite material |
DE102006044487A1 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-04-03 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Sheet material for repairing fibre-reinforced components, e.g. cracked panels in airliners, comprises heat-curable resin containing glass fibres with a conductive coating which heats up in an alternating electromagnetic field |
DE102006044487B4 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2012-04-05 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Method for on-site repair of components on aircraft components |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: WADE, WILLIAM, J., DELAWARE Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004652/0351 Effective date: 19861103 Owner name: WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, DELAWARE Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004652/0351 Effective date: 19861103 Owner name: WADE, WILLIAM, J., ONE RODNEY SQUARE NORTH, WILMIN Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004652/0351 Effective date: 19861103 Owner name: WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, ONE RODNEY SQUARE NORTH, Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004652/0351 Effective date: 19861103 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE Free format text: TERMINATION OF SECURITY AGREEMENT RECORDED NOV. 13, 1986. REEL 4652 FRAMES 351-420;ASSIGNORS:WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, A DE. BANKING CORPORATION;WADE, WILLIAM J. (TRUSTEES);REEL/FRAME:004903/0501 Effective date: 19870730 Owner name: OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION, FIBERGLAS TOW Free format text: TERMINATION OF SECURITY AGREEMENT RECORDED NOV. 13, 1986. REEL 4652 FRAMES 351-420;ASSIGNORS:WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, A DE. BANKING CORPORATION;WADE, WILLIAM J. (TRUSTEES);REEL/FRAME:004903/0501 Effective date: 19870730 |