US3743261A - Furnace and method for heating and compacting powdered metal charges - Google Patents
Furnace and method for heating and compacting powdered metal charges Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3743261A US3743261A US00164725A US3743261DA US3743261A US 3743261 A US3743261 A US 3743261A US 00164725 A US00164725 A US 00164725A US 3743261D A US3743261D A US 3743261DA US 3743261 A US3743261 A US 3743261A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- furnace
- furnace chamber
- heat
- pedestal
- lid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
Definitions
- the compacting temperature may be typically within the range of 1,800 to 2,200 F.
- the powdered metal charge, prior to compacting must be heated for long times, typically on the order of about three hours or more. With prior art practice this heating has been performed in the autoclave and upon reaching compacting temperature the autoclave is pressurized to'effect compacting of the powdered metal charge to the required high density. in view of the long heating times, however, this practice is not economically feasible because the autoclave production is severely limited.
- the powdered metal charge to compacting temperature within a fur nace separate from but located adjacent to the autoclave.
- the charge When the charge has been heated to compacting temperature or slightly above, it is rapidly transported to'the autoclave, which may be that identified in the above-mentioned Boyer patent, and quickly compacted by the application of fluid pressure before cooling below the selected compacting temperature for the particular alloy composition.
- the autoclave generally is loaded vertically by the use of an overhead crane. To rapidly transport the heated charge from the furnace to the autoclave it is desirable to load and unload the furnace by the use of the same overhead crane so that the overall operation comprising removing the heated charge from the furnace and loading it into the autoclave may be continuous.
- compacting may be achieved at a time after removal of the charge from the furnace of sufficiently brief duration that the charge does not cool below the desired compacting temperature. Otherwise, it is necessary to provide for auxiliary heating means, such as electrical resistance heating elements, within the autoclave to provide auxiliary heating necessary to maintain the charge at compacting temperature. As is well known, this not only adds to the cost and complexity of operation of the autoclave but in addition lengthens the compacting cycle within the autoclave, thereby reducing the production capacity of the autoclave and correspondingly increasing the cost of the overall compacting operation and final compacted product.
- auxiliary heating means such as electrical resistance heating elements
- FIG. 1 is an elevation view in partial vertical section of one embodiment of a furnace in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the furnace
- FIG. 3 is a horizontal section taken along lines III-Ill of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 4 is an elevation view of a portion of the furnace in partial section taken along lines IV-IV of FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged, detailed view of a portion of the furnace as shown in FIG. 2;
- FIG. 6 is a schematic showing of a typical air rotary actuator preferred for use in association with the furnace.
- the furnace of the present invention includes an elongated, vertically disposed furnace chamber surrounded by a suitable refractory lining to provide for heat insulation.
- a lid which is selectively positionable between open and closed po sitions, whereby a powdered metal charge may be vertically inserted and vertically withdrawn with respect to said furnace chamber typically by the use of a conventional overhead crane or the like.
- a pedestal is pro vided within the furnace chamber and is movable between positions adjacent the lid and uppermost portion of the furnace, and the bottom of the furnace chamber.
- an overhead crane may set a powdered metal charge for heating on the pedestal, the pedestal may be lowered to the bottom of the furnace chamber, the lid closed and the charge heated to an elevated temperature desired for subsequent compacting, as by the use of an autoclave.
- the pedestal is preferably connected to an end of a vertically extending shaft with associated drive means for moving the shaft axially within said furnace chamber and toward either the top or the bottom of the chamber.
- the shaft preferably has means for circulation of a coolant, such as water, therein to protect the shaft against heat damage during movement within the furnace chamber.
- the drive means includes a counterweighted chain connected to the end of the vertically extending shaft opposite that to which the pedestal is connected, with the chain extending over a pulley positioned intermediate the counterweight and the connection of the chain to the shaft.
- the vertically spaced guides which preferably are a plurality of idler rolls, are provided in association with the shaft for guiding it during movement.
- the pedestal which is connected to the upper end of the shaft includes a core of heat insulating material atop which the charge is supported for heating.
- a plurality of resistance heating elements in the form of parallel rods with the resistance heating elements being provided along the entire length of the furnace chamber.
- means may be provided for independently applying electrical current to selected heating elements over locations adjacent the mid-portion and ends of the furnace chamber.
- Associated therewith may be means for determining the temperature of the furnace chamber at each area of independent supply of electrical current, so that upon independent temperature mea surement at the selected area the supply of electrical current to the associated resistance heating elements at the areas may be regulated to provide a desired temperature profile along the length of the furnace chamber. This arrangement is particularly advantageous for maintaining uniform temperature along the entire length of the furnace chamber.
- the top of the furnace chamber is preferably provided with a unitarily removable top assembly.
- This top assembly is mounted on top of the refractory lining surrounding and defining the furnace chamber, which is preferably annular. With this arrangement the top may be unitarily removed to expose the refractory for inspection, repair and efficient furnace relining.
- the top assembly preferably has a core of heat insulating material surrounding and defining an orifice in axial alignment with the vertical furnace chamber; the orifice is selectively opened and closed by the furnace lid. To facilitate sealing upon closing of the lid it is preferred that the orifice be annular and tapered axially and inwardly toward the furnace chamber axis, with the lid being correspondingly tapered.
- each section being provided with means for simultaneously moving the sections upwardly and out of engagement within the orifice and away from the axis thereof.
- This is achieved by providing for each section a pivot link connected at one end to a drive shaft and at the opposite end to a pivotal connection to said section.
- the lid is out of the way when in the open position so that it is not subject to damage during insertion and removal of furnace charges as by the use of an overhead crane.
- an independent drive for each section of the lid is provided.
- the opening and closing of each lid section may be sequenced somewhat out of phase, which insures smooth operation by avoiding hang-up during adjacent movement of the sections.
- Each section of the lid preferably includes two parallel spaced apart plates separated by a core of heat insulating material with means, such as tie bolts, for securing said heat insulating material between the plates.
- Each section is counter-weighted to compensate for its weight to minimize the drive required during opening thereof.
- the lid should when in the closed position provide an opening therein to the exterior of the furnace through which may extend a stem communicating with the interior of a container when positioned in the furnace, said container holding the powdered metal charge for heating.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown a furnace assembly in accordance with the present invention and idenchannels is an upper plate 24 and a lower plate 26.
- Each plate 24 and 26 has concentric annular openings 28 and 30, respectively, therein and axially aligned with the furnace chamber.
- the opening 30 is of lesser diameter than opening 28 to provide for a tapered orifice 32 defined by a casta'ble refractory 34 constituting a core between plates 24 and 26.
- an annular, two-section lid indicated generally as 36.
- the lid 36 consists of two identical half sections each including two parallel spaced-apart upper and lower plates 38 and 40, respectively. Between the plates is provided packed insulating material 42.
- the heat insulating material 42 is secured as a core between plates 38 and 40 by a plurality of tie bolts 44 connected at opposite ends to plates 38 and 40 and extending through heat insulating material 42. By loosening the tie bolts 44, the plates 38 and 40 may be detached from the heat insulating material 42 to permit replacement thereof.
- a trunnion 46 As best shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, to the surface of veach plate 38 of each lid section there is connected a trunnion 46.
- the trunnion is connected to the plate by bolts 48.
- the trunnion journals shaft 50 connected to an upstanding pivot ear 52. Adjacent the ends of shaft 50 is connected pivot links 54 which are pivotally connected as at 56 to shaft 50 and at 58 to a second parallel shaft 60.
- Shaft 60 is drivingly connected to a motor 62.
- Shaft 60 is also connected to a sprocket 61.
- sprocket 63 journaled on a fixed shaft 67.
- a continuous chain 69 is connected between these sprockets 61 and 63.
- an arm 71 is connected to sprocket 63 and the other end to a pin 73 which extends through the arm in a manner permitting free axial rotation of the pin. Adjacent each end of pin 73 are connected opposed links 75, which connect counterweight 77 to the arm and allow free rotation thereof with respect to arm 71.
- the motor 62 is a conventional air rotary actuator, which is shown schematically in FIG. 6.
- such apparatus comprises a rack and pinion arrangement wherein movement is imparted to the rack by application of compressible fluid, preferably air.
- the rotary air actuator consists of opposed parallel racks 64 each engaging pinion gear 66.
- the opposed ends of each rack 64 are connected to air cylinders 68.
- the rack Upon introduction of air to one of the two opposed air cylinders 68 the rack is correspondingly moved to cause rotation of pinion 66.
- Pinion 66 is connected to shaft 60 and consequently rotates the shaft in the direction of pinion rotation. In this manner by the operation of the air rotary actuator 62 the shaft 60 may be rotated in the direction appropriate to either open or close the associated lid section.
- the furnace chamber is heated by a series of resistance heating elements 72 extending through the refractory furnace lining 18 to connector boxes 74.
- electric leads 76 are connected to the resistance heating elements.
- Preferably separate leads are provided for elements adjacent the top, mid-portion and bottom portion of the furnace chamber. This is indicated in FIG. 1 by independent electrical connections through separate lead wires 76 to individual, single resistance heating elements 72 at the top, mid-portion and bottom portion.
- each lead wire or independent electrical connection would connect with a plurality of heating elements, rather than a single heating element, at each portion of the furnace. In this manner, by independently varying the electrical current through each lead wire independent temperature regulation at the ends and mid-portion of the furnace may be achieved.
- the resistance heating elements '72 could be of any configuration but are preferably rods horizontally disposed in parallel spaced-apart relation along the length of the furnace chamber as shown in FIG. ll.
- the temperature of the furnace may be monitored at the ends and mid-portion thereof by directing a temperature-measuring device, such as an optical pyrometer, through each sight hole 73 provided through the furnace wall.
- the furnace charge provided for heating in the furnace may be of any configuration, typically the powdered metal charge will be confined within a cylindrical steel container 78, as shown in FIG. 1.
- the container 78 has a stem 80 which extends through orifice 78 in the lid to the exterior of the furnace withthe container 78 being positioned as shown in FIG. 1. This permits, via stem 80, the interior of the container 78 to be connected to avacuum pump or the like as for outgassing and the like of the container interior in the conventional manner prior to or during heating.
- the container 78 will be surrounded by a heat insulating casing 82 connected at the bottom to a stool 84, by means not shown.
- the heat insulating casing 82 minimizes heat loss upon removal of the heated container 78 and during its transfer from the furnace after heating to the compacting means, such as an autoclave.
- a suitable heat insulating casingarrangement for this purpose is shown Patent Application Ser. No. 772,681, filed Nov. 1, I968 now US. Pat. No. 3,599,281, issued Aug. 7, 1971.
- the powdered metal container 78 and associated heat insulating casing 82 rest on a vertically movable pedestal 86.
- the pedestal 86 comprises a casing in the form of a cylinder of heat resistant alloy, such as Inconel.
- the interior core ofthe pedestal 86 comprises a castable refractory 90.
- the bottom of the pedestal 86 has a plate 92 centrally connected to a shaft 94.
- the shaft 94 is provided with a bore 96 through which a coolant, such as water, may be circulated to protect the shaft from heat damage whenit is in the interior of the furnace chamber.
- the shaft is movable axially to position the pedestal either adjacent the bottom of the furnace chamber, which is the position shown in FIG.
- Axial movement of the shaft 94 is provided by a motor 98 which may be an air rotary actuator as shown and described in connection with FIG. 6.
- This motor has a shaft 100 connected to sprocket 102 which is in turn connected to shaft 104 of a pair of pulleys 106 by a continuous chain 1'08.
- Counterweighted connecting chains 1118 are connected at one end to counterweights 1112 and at the opposite end to the bot tom of shaft 94 as at 114.
- shaft 104 upon rotation of the shaft 100 of motor 98 the shaft 104 is correspondingly rotated via its connection to shaft 100 by chain 108 to rotate pulleys 106 which through chains 110 selectively provide for the axial movement of shaft 94 toward and away from the furnace chamber.
- the lid is brought to the closed position with the stem 80 of container 78 extending through orifice 70 of the lid to the exterior of the furnace.
- gaseous reaction products may be removed from the container interior by communicating the same via the stem 80 to a pump.
- an inert gas may be introduced to the interior of the stem, via a stem 80, to accelerate heating. Heating is, of course, effected by applying electrical current through lead wires 76 to resistance heating elements 72.
- the lid Upon heating of the charge within container 78 to a selected compacting temperature within the furnace chamber, the lid is again brought to the open position, the pedestal with the container 78 thereon is raised vertically again to the position adjacent the uppermost end of the furnace and the container with the heat insulating casing attached thereto is raised from the pedestal as by the use of an overhead crane and moved to compacting means constituting a fluid pressure vessel providing for top loading of the container 78, as shown in Boyer et al. US. Pat. No. 3,543,345.
- the crane lowers the container substantially vertically into the fluid pressure vessel and while the charge is at an elevated temperature fluid pressure is applied to the container in the well-known manner to compact the powdered metal charge therein.
- After compacting the container is again removed by the overhead crane substantially vertically from the pressure vessel. The container is removed from the powdered metal compact to ready the compact for further processing.
- the furnace of the invention enables continuous, overhead loading of a powdered metal charge into the furnace for heating to compacting temperature, rapid removal of the heated charge from the furnace, and continuous transport to and loading within a fluid pressure vessel for compacting.
- the charge is rapidly transferred from furnace to fluid pressure vessel, which eliminates the need for additional heating of the charge within the fluid pressure vessel.
- This adds considerably to the economy of the operation.
- having a plurality of furnaces, as described herein, and by eliminating the need for heating within the autoclave it is possible to have a single autoclave fed by a plurality of furnaces and operating on a short-sequence compacting cycle. This enhances considerably the economy of the overall operation.
- charge or furnace charge refers to material placed in the furnace for heating either with or without a container.
- material to be heated may be partially compacted when placed in the furnace and thus acontainer would not be required as with uncompacted powdered material.
- a furnace particularly adapted for heating powder-metal charges to elevated temperatures suitable for compacting to form powdered metal articles, said furnace comprising an elongated, vertically disposed furnace chamber surrounded by heat-insulating material, a top of heat insulating material with an orifice in axial alignment with said furnace chamber, said orifice being selectively opened and closed by a lid selectively positionable between open and closed positions, whereby a charge may be vertically inserted and vertically withdrawn with respect to said furnace chamber, a pedestal, means for moving said pedestal vertically within said furnace chamber selectively between a position adjacent the top of said furnace chamber and a position adjacent the bottom of said chamber, whereby with said lid in the open position and said pedestal adjacent the chamber top a furnace charge for heating may be placed on said pedestal and lowered to the bottom pedestal position for heating upon closing of said lid, and means for supplying heat to said furnace chamber.
- said means for moving said pedestal includes a vertically extending shaft connected at an upper end thereof to said pedestal and drive means for moving said shaft and associated pedestal selectively axially into and out of said furnace chamber.
- said drive means includes a counterweighted chain connected to said vertically extending shaft adjacent a lower end thereof and a pulley interposed between the connection to said shaft and a counterweight fastened to said chain.
- said pedestal includes a casing of a heat-resistant alloy for supporting said charge, said casing enclosing a quantity of heatinsulating material.
- said means for supplying heat to said furnace chamber comprises a plurality of resistance heating elements.
- said means for moving said sections includes for each section a pivot link connected at one end to a drive shaft and at the opposite end to a pivotal connection to said section.
- said lid comprises two independently movable sections with each section including two parallel, spaced-apart plates separated by a core of heat-insulating material and means for securing said heat-insulating material between said plates.
- said means for supplying heat to said furnace chamber comprise a plu rality of resistance heating elements provided along the entire length of said furnace, means for independent supply of electrical current to selected heating elements adjacent the ends and mid-portion of said furnace chamber and means for determining the temperature of said furnace chamber at areas adjacent the ends and mid-portion of said furnace chamber, with an area of temperature determination corresponding to each area adjacent said heating elements having independent current supply.
Abstract
Description
Claims (32)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16472571A | 1971-07-21 | 1971-07-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3743261A true US3743261A (en) | 1973-07-03 |
Family
ID=22595822
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00164725A Expired - Lifetime US3743261A (en) | 1971-07-21 | 1971-07-21 | Furnace and method for heating and compacting powdered metal charges |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3743261A (en) |
CA (1) | CA962413A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2219060A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2146207B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1350723A (en) |
IT (1) | IT960791B (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0255005A2 (en) * | 1986-07-21 | 1988-02-03 | Vereinigte Schmiedewerke Gmbh | Process and apparatus for manufacturing metallic material by hot isostatic compacting of metal powder |
US20120012050A1 (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2012-01-19 | Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for processing coating material and evaporation deposition device having same |
CN113385674A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-14 | 河源正信硬质合金有限公司 | High-temperature forming device capable of fusing metal powder into hard alloy |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3481628A1 (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2019-05-15 | Rajendra Persaud | Nuclearized hot isostatic press |
CN109059536A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-12-21 | 深圳市南方源芯电气有限公司 | A kind of sintering furnace |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US747019A (en) * | 1903-02-04 | 1903-12-15 | American Furnace And Machine Co | Crucible-furnace. |
US1699784A (en) * | 1925-06-26 | 1929-01-22 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Annealing furnace |
US1793037A (en) * | 1928-03-01 | 1931-02-17 | Allegheny Steel Co | Continuous-heating furnace |
US1844604A (en) * | 1928-07-13 | 1932-02-09 | American Gas Furnace Co | Heat reclaiming apparatus |
US2332943A (en) * | 1940-08-26 | 1943-10-26 | Hevi Duty Electric Co | Carbon combustion furnace |
US2980415A (en) * | 1954-02-16 | 1961-04-18 | Honeywell Regulator Co | Apparatus for controlling case hardening action |
-
1971
- 1971-07-21 US US00164725A patent/US3743261A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1972
- 1972-03-28 CA CA138,366A patent/CA962413A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-04-10 GB GB1649472A patent/GB1350723A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-04-19 DE DE2219060A patent/DE2219060A1/en active Pending
- 1972-05-03 IT IT50011/72A patent/IT960791B/en active
- 1972-05-04 FR FR727215933A patent/FR2146207B1/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US747019A (en) * | 1903-02-04 | 1903-12-15 | American Furnace And Machine Co | Crucible-furnace. |
US1699784A (en) * | 1925-06-26 | 1929-01-22 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Annealing furnace |
US1793037A (en) * | 1928-03-01 | 1931-02-17 | Allegheny Steel Co | Continuous-heating furnace |
US1844604A (en) * | 1928-07-13 | 1932-02-09 | American Gas Furnace Co | Heat reclaiming apparatus |
US2332943A (en) * | 1940-08-26 | 1943-10-26 | Hevi Duty Electric Co | Carbon combustion furnace |
US2980415A (en) * | 1954-02-16 | 1961-04-18 | Honeywell Regulator Co | Apparatus for controlling case hardening action |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0255005A2 (en) * | 1986-07-21 | 1988-02-03 | Vereinigte Schmiedewerke Gmbh | Process and apparatus for manufacturing metallic material by hot isostatic compacting of metal powder |
EP0255005A3 (en) * | 1986-07-21 | 1988-11-09 | Schmiedewerke Krupp-Klockner Gmbh | Process and apparatus for manufacturing metallic material by hot isostatic compacting of metal powder |
US20120012050A1 (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2012-01-19 | Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for processing coating material and evaporation deposition device having same |
US8475596B2 (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2013-07-02 | Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. | Apparatus to process coating material using flame nozzle and evaporation deposition device having same |
CN113385674A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-14 | 河源正信硬质合金有限公司 | High-temperature forming device capable of fusing metal powder into hard alloy |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2219060A1 (en) | 1973-02-08 |
FR2146207A1 (en) | 1973-03-02 |
GB1350723A (en) | 1974-04-24 |
FR2146207B1 (en) | 1974-07-26 |
IT960791B (en) | 1973-11-30 |
CA962413A (en) | 1975-02-11 |
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Owner name: COLT INDUSTRIES OPERATING CORP. Free format text: MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:CRUCIBLE CENTER COMPANY (INTO) CRUCIBLE INC. (CHANGED TO);REEL/FRAME:004120/0308 Effective date: 19821214 |
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