US3715887A - Multiple stage gas compression apparatus and method - Google Patents
Multiple stage gas compression apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- US3715887A US3715887A US00179436A US3715887DA US3715887A US 3715887 A US3715887 A US 3715887A US 00179436 A US00179436 A US 00179436A US 3715887D A US3715887D A US 3715887DA US 3715887 A US3715887 A US 3715887A
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title abstract description 98
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title abstract description 98
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 159
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 18
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003416 augmentation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/20—Nitrogen oxides; Oxyacids of nitrogen; Salts thereof
- C01B21/24—Nitric oxide (NO)
- C01B21/26—Preparation by catalytic or non-catalytic oxidation of ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/20—Nitrogen oxides; Oxyacids of nitrogen; Salts thereof
- C01B21/24—Nitric oxide (NO)
- C01B21/26—Preparation by catalytic or non-catalytic oxidation of ammonia
- C01B21/28—Apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/36—Open cycles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
- F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0294—Multiple compressor casings/strings in parallel, e.g. split arrangement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
- F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
- F25J3/04115—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J3/04951—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network
- F25J3/04957—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network and inter-connecting equipments upstream of the fractionation unit (s), i.e. at the "front-end"
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/24—Multiple compressors or compressor stages in parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/40—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
- F25J2240/04—Multiple expansion turbines in parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/90—Hot gas waste turbine of an indirect heated gas for power generation
Definitions
- This invention relates in general to gas compression and in particular to multi-stage compression of a first gas stream with energy derived from a second gas stream.
- the need to supply a quantity of gas at a pressure exceeding the normal or ambient pressure of the gas has provided many prior art expedients for accomplishing such gas compression, with the conventional centrifugal gas compressor being but one example of such prior art gas compression devices.
- the conventional centrifugal compressor generally has a fixed compression ratio expressed as the ratio of the discharge or outlet pressure to the suction or inlet pressure, and it becomes necessary to utilize two or more of stages of compression where it is required to increase the pressure of a gas by an amount which exceeds the compression ratio of the available compressor.
- a well known prior art gas compression apparatus is the conventional turbocharger, wherein one or more centrifugal compressor stages or radial flow wheels are mechanically driven by a common drive shaft which is rotated by a turbine or hot gas expander, such turbochargers typically being used in conjunction with gasoline or diesel engines wherein air supplied to the intake manifold of the engine is compressed by means of energy extracted from the exhaust gases of the engine passing through the turbine or expander section of the turbocharger.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing gas compression according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing gas compression according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing gas compression according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- multi-stage compression of a gas is achieved by using two or more series connected stages of separate gas compressors none of which is mechanically linked to another.
- Each individual stage of gas compression is separately driven through a mechanical connection with a corresponding individual gas expander, none of which expanders is mechanically linked to any of the other expanders.
- the gas expanders receive operating power from a suitable stream of hot gas connected to establish a series gas expansion circuit through all of the gas expanders, with the initial expansion stage occurring in the gas expander which drives the gas compressor having the highest discharge pressure in the compression series circuit and with the other gas expanders being similarly arranged in the series circuit so that the final expansion of the hot gas occurs in the gas expander which drives the gas compressor having the lowest discharge pressure in the compression series circuit.
- FIG. 1 there is shown a three-stage gas compression system having a first stage 10, a second stage 20, and a third stage 30.
- the first stage includes a compressor C having a compressor inlet 13 and a compressor outlet 15, and a compressor C' having an inlet 14 and an outlet 16.
- the inlets 13 and 14 are connected in parallel to a suitable source of gas to be compressed, this source being ambient air in the embodiment of FIG. 1, and the two outlets 15 and 16 similarly are connected in parallel as shown therein, so that compression in the first stage 10 actually occurs through two compressors connected in parallel, this arrangement being for a reason discussed below.
- the compressor C is a centrifugal compressor which may include one or more compressor wheels mounted for rotation by a drive shaft 11 which in turn is driven by a suitable gas expander T which may be a conventional expansion turbine. Similarly, the compressor C; is driven by a drive shaft 12 and a gas expander T
- a gas expander T which may be a conventional expansion turbine.
- the compressor C is driven by a drive shaft 12 and a gas expander T
- Each of the compressor-expander combinations C T and C' T as well as the other compressor-expander stages used in the embodiments disclosed herein, may be provided by conventional turbochargers in which the compressor stage and the expander or turbine stage are mounted on a single shaft and are contained within a single overall housing, with suitable inlets and outlets for the compression and expansion portions of the turbocharger.
- intercoolers such as 17 are known to those skilled in the art and are discussed in detail herein.
- Compressor C is driven by a drive shaft 22 and a gas expander T and this compressor-expander stage may, as noted above, be provided in actual practice by another turbocharger.
- the twice-compressed gas from the second stage leaves the outlet 23 of compressor C and is connected to flow through a second intercooler 24 and then to be supplied to the inlet 31 of compressor C of the third stage 30.
- the compressor C is driven by a drive shaft 32 connected to a gas expander T and this compressorexpander stage also may be provided by a conventional turbocharger.
- FIG. 1 includes a three-stage series gas compression circuit including a low-pressure stage 10, an intermediate-pressure stage 20, and a high-pressure stage 30.
- the high-pressure air available at the output 33 of the compressor C is used in the described embodiment as process air for the operation of a process which is indicated at 44 and which produces a substantial quantity of hot output or tail gas available at outlet 41 of the process.
- a more detailed example of such a process is set forth below.
- the tail gas provided by the process is connected to the inlet 42 of the third stage turbine T thereby providing the power to drive the high-pressure compressor C
- the hot gas which is exhausted from the outlet 43 of the expander T is supplied to the inlet 44 of the: second stage expander T thereby to provide the power required for driving the second stage or intermediate-pressure compressor.
- the hot gas exhausted from the outlet 45 of T then is supplied in parallel connection to the inlets 46 and 47 of first-stage expanders T and T respectively.
- the gas exhausted from the outlets 48 and 49 of the two paralleled first-stage expanders may be passed through a heat exchanger 50 for useful extraction of the heat remaining in the gas and then passed to a suitable exhaust.
- the three stages of gas expansion are connected in series circuit with the supply of tail gas which powers these expanders.
- the highest pressure stage in the series gas compression circuit is driven by the ex p nder which is supplied with gas having the greatest available enthalpy.
- the multi-stage series compression circuit ranging from the low-pressure stage 10, which receives ambient air for an initial compression, through the intermediate-pressure stage 20, to the high-pressure stage 30, is driven by individual gas expanders which are connected in a series circuit in which the first expansion of the available tail gas individually provides power for the high-pressure compression stage 30, the next expansion of the tail gas individually provides power for the intermediate-pressure compression stage 20, and the final expansion of the tail gas individually provides power for the low-pressure compression stage 10.
- This arrangement of accomplishing multi-stage compression in separate compression stages individually driven by separate corresponding gas expansion stages, with the gas expansion series circuit going from high enthalpy to low enthalpy in a direction inverse to the progression from low pressure to high pressure in the series gas compression circuit, enables each stage of compression to be free to operate at an optimum speed for that stage and permits power balance to be maintained between all stages when a suitable source of gas input is available for the expansion series circuit.
- a typical example of air compression according to the embodiment of FIG. 1 is found in the requirement for the manufacture of nitric acid, which can be considered as an example of the process 40.
- nitric acid which can be considered as an example of the process 40.
- a plant designed to produce 220 tons per day (t.p.d.) of nitric acid there is a requirement for 20,600 s.c.f.m. of process air at a pressure, for example, of not less than 120 p.s.i.g., and at a temperature of approximately 270 F.
- the waste or tail gas resulting from such manufacture of nitric acid comprises approximately 74,800 pounds/ hour of tail gas comprising essentially nitrogen and available at a pressure of approximately p.s.i.g. and a temperature of around 1200 F.
- ambient air can be compressed to the required pressure and temperature conditions with suitable intercooling between stages.
- the volume of air required in this example necessitates the use of two parallel-connected compressors in the first stage of compression to enable commercially available turbochargers to be used in place of a more expensive specially designed single compressor unit which would handle the requisite volume of air.
- the entire power requirements for the three-stage compression of ambient air to provide process air for the nitric acid manufacturing process are obtained by extracting energy from the available tail gas through the three-stage expansion of such gas in the expanders T T and the parallel-connected expanders T and T' Providing a more specific example of gas compression provided by expansion of the tail gas in the above-described nitric acid manufacturing process, the first compression stage 10 is provided by a pair of turbochargers manufactured by the De Laval Turbine Company and designated as model C17-123.
- the second stage 20 is also provided by a turbocharger model C17-123, while the third stage 30 is provided by a De Laval turbine model C13-060.
- the following parameters for compression and expansion result from such a system:
- gas compression according to the present invention is not limited to the three stages of gas compression depicted therein, but generally includes gas compression having two or more independent compression stages each of which is independently driven by a separate gas expander, with the expanders connected in a series gas expansion circuit progreasing from the expander to which the high-pressure hot gas is applied and which is connected to drive the highest-pressure compressor stage, to the final expander in the series gas expansion circuit which is connected to drive the lowest-pressure compression stage.
- two (or more) compression-expansion stages in parallel to constitute a particular compression stage is employed for the specific requirements of the foregoing embodiment and is not considered to be a limitation on the present invention.
- FIG. 2 of the drawing there is shown a threestage air compression series circuit which is substantially identical on the compression side with the apparatus of FIG. 1 and which provides process air to a process which is indicated at 60 and which is assumed to provide an output 61 of tail gas inadequate to provide the entire power requirements for driving the several compression stages.
- the enthalpy in the expansion series circuit may be supplemented, for example, by applying an auxiliary source of hot gas as shown at 62 to the junction 63 located upstream of the inlet 44 to the expander T
- the source 62 of supplemental hot gas can be any suitable source, such as tail gas from another process or gas from a gas generator provided expressly for supplementing the series expansion gas stream, which provides gas at a temperature and pressure compatible with the gas stream exhausted from the outlet 43 of expander T
- the gas exhausted at the outlet 45 of the expander T passes through a suitable reheating apparatus 64 including a burner 65 ted by an appropriate fuel source to add heat energy to the series expansion gas stream supplied to the inlets 46 and 47 of the expanders TI and T11.
- augmentation of the energy available in the series expansion gas circuit is shown in FIG. 2 as being applied to two of the three stages therein, it will be understood that such augmentation may be required at only a single one of these stages or at all expansion stages, depending upon the power requirements of each compression stage and the enthalpy of the tail gas output from the process 60, to enable all stages of the system to operate in an independent balanced manner.
- the illustrated use of different techniques for augmenting the enthalpy of the gas stream flowing in the gas expansion circuit of the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2 is by way of example only, and that the same type of augmentation, such as the hot gas supplement 62, could be used to provide expansion gas augmentation to the turbine inlets 46 and 47 as well to the turbine inlet 44.
- the present invention has been described thus far in conjunction with operating processes which produced an output or tail gas having sufiicient enthalpy to supply partial or complete power requirements for gas compression
- the present invention as shown in the embodiment depicted in FIG. 3 may also be used in applications where the hot gas input to the expansion series circuit is derived independently of the gas compression circuit.
- the compression circuit in the embodiment of FIG. 3 may, for example, be used as part of a refrigeration system to compress gaseous ammonia.
- the first stage 10 of the FIG. 3 embodiment is shown as requiring only a single compression-expansion unit since, as described above, the use of two (or more) parallel-connected units is a function of the volume requirements of the gas being compressed.
- the compressed gas exiting the outlet of high-pressure compressor C is available as the compressed gas output to be furnished to a suitable utilization apparatus, such as the next operational stage in a refrigeration system.
- a suitable utilization apparatus such as the next operational stage in a refrigeration system.
- the inlet 42 of the first expansion turbine T is supplied with hot gas from a hot gas input which may, for example, be provided partially or completely by tail or Waste gases from some process unrelated to the compressed gas provided by the compression series circuit.
- the enthalpy of the gas stream supplied to the other turbines T and T in the series expansion circuit may be augmented as necessary.
- Apparatus for the simultaneous compression of a first gas stream and expansion of a second gas stream comprising in combination:
- each of said compressorexpander means having a compressor portion operative to receive and to compress gas in said first gas stream and also having an expander portion operatively coupled to operate said compressor portion and operative to receive and to expand gas in said second gas stream;
- a first one of said compressor-expander means having the input of the compressor portion connected to receive the first gas stream and having the output of such compressor portion connected to the input of the compressor portion of the second one of said compressor-expander means;
- the input of the expander portion of said second compressor-expander means being connected to receive the second gas stream and the output of the expander portion of said second compressor-expander means being connected to the input of the said expander portion of said first compressor-expander means.
- each of said separate compressor-expander means comprises compressor wheel means separately driven for rotation by an expansion turbine means so that each compressor wheel means and expansion turbine drivingly associated therewith rotates at a speed independent of the speed of rotation of the other of said compressor wheel means and driving turbine means.
- Apparatus for accomplishing multi-stage compression of a first gas by extracting energy from a second gas comprising in combination:
- each of said compressor means being interconnected in series by first conduit means to establish a first series fiuid circuit in which each of said compressor means increases the pressure of the first gas in an ascending order from a low-pressure inlet to a high-pressure outlet;
- each of said turbine means being interconnected in series by second conduit means to establish a second series fluid circuit
- said second series fluid circuit having an input to receive the second gas
- said series interconnection to said turbine means being in the reverse order of said series interconnection of said compressor means so as to establish a descending order of expansion of the second gas in said second series circuit in which the initial expansion of the second gas takes place in the turbine means which rotates the compressor means supplying the first gas to said high pressure outlet of the first series circuit, and in which the final expansion of the second gas takes place in the turbine means which rotates the compressor means accomplishing the first stage of compression of the first gas received from said low pressure inlet;
- each separate compressor-expander means being free to rotate at a speed independent of the rotational speed of the other compressor-expander means.
- each of said separate compressor-expander means comprises a turbocharger means.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US17943671A | 1971-09-10 | 1971-09-10 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3715887A true US3715887A (en) | 1973-02-13 |
Family
ID=22656589
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00179436A Expired - Lifetime US3715887A (en) | 1971-09-10 | 1971-09-10 | Multiple stage gas compression apparatus and method |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3715887A (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS4875952A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU4649672A (fr) |
BE (1) | BE788368A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR7206262D0 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA966103A (fr) |
CS (1) | CS166659B2 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE2243996A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2155251A5 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB1367724A (fr) |
IT (1) | IT967016B (fr) |
NL (1) | NL7212276A (fr) |
PL (1) | PL83504B1 (fr) |
Cited By (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3949557A (en) * | 1973-10-11 | 1976-04-13 | Michael Eskeli | Turbine |
US3977832A (en) * | 1975-01-20 | 1976-08-31 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | System for control of a nitric acid plant |
US4150547A (en) * | 1976-10-04 | 1979-04-24 | Hobson Michael J | Regenerative heat storage in compressed air power system |
US4193266A (en) * | 1977-07-28 | 1980-03-18 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Company Limited | Gas turbine power plant |
FR2445296A1 (fr) * | 1978-12-29 | 1980-07-25 | Davy International Ag | Procede et dispositif d'entrainement, pendant un temps limite, de turbine attelee a un compresseur d'air ou de gaz nitreux dans une installation de fabrication d'acide nitrique |
EP0220510A1 (fr) * | 1985-10-12 | 1987-05-06 | L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH | Brûleur pressurisé pour générateur de vapeur |
EP0522673A2 (fr) * | 1991-07-10 | 1993-01-13 | MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft | Ensemble compresseur |
US5394695A (en) * | 1991-04-02 | 1995-03-07 | Sieber; J. D. | Wave powered energy generator |
US5537822A (en) * | 1994-02-03 | 1996-07-23 | The Israel Electric Corporation Ltd. | Compressed air energy storage method and system |
US5687570A (en) * | 1994-02-28 | 1997-11-18 | Ormat Industries Ltd. | Externally fired combined cycle gas turbine system |
US5799490A (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 1998-09-01 | Ormat Industries Ltd. | Externally fired combined cycle gas turbine |
US20070280400A1 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-12-06 | Keller Michael F | Hybrid integrated energy production process |
US20090226331A1 (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2009-09-10 | Sieber Energy Inc. | Wave energy accumulator |
WO2011146231A1 (fr) | 2010-05-21 | 2011-11-24 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Appareil compresseur dynamique, parallèle et procédés associés |
WO2013091770A1 (fr) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-27 | Thyssenkrupp Uhde Gmbh | Procédé et dispositif de production d'acide nitrique |
US20140161588A1 (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2014-06-12 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Compressor Corporation | Centrifugal compressor |
CN102326001B (zh) * | 2009-01-30 | 2014-10-01 | 加德纳·丹佛德国股份有限公司 | 多级离心式压缩机的改进 |
US20140318120A1 (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2014-10-30 | Electro-Motive Diesel Inc. | Air handling system having cooling assembly |
US20140363269A1 (en) * | 2012-02-23 | 2014-12-11 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Compressor control device and control method therefor, and compressor system |
US9234530B1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2016-01-12 | Exelis Inc. | Thermal energy recovery |
US9709069B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2017-07-18 | Dayspring Church Of God Apostolic | Hybrid drive engine |
US20190234413A1 (en) * | 2012-10-03 | 2019-08-01 | Henry E. Howard | Method for compressing an incoming feed air stream in a cryogenic air separation plant |
US11131486B2 (en) * | 2012-08-17 | 2021-09-28 | Vinod Kumar Arora | Integrated chilling of process air compression in ammonia plants utilizing direct and indirect chilling from the ammonia compression train of the plant followed by air flow split and multistage air preheating to the secondary ammonia reformer |
US11492964B2 (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2022-11-08 | Michael F. Keller | Integrated supercritical CO2/multiple thermal cycles |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5979096A (ja) * | 1982-10-27 | 1984-05-08 | Shimadzu Corp | 多段式圧縮装置 |
EP2969157B1 (fr) * | 2013-03-14 | 2018-12-26 | Dresser-Rand Company | Système et procédé de mélange à flux latéral |
US10047753B2 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2018-08-14 | Dresser-Rand Company | System and method for sidestream mixing |
JP6049807B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-08 | 2016-12-21 | 三菱重工コンプレッサ株式会社 | 遠心圧縮機 |
CN113565589A (zh) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-10-29 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | 喷射补燃压缩空气储能*** |
-
0
- BE BE788368D patent/BE788368A/fr unknown
-
1971
- 1971-09-10 US US00179436A patent/US3715887A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1972
- 1972-08-30 FR FR7230852A patent/FR2155251A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-09-04 GB GB4090472A patent/GB1367724A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-09-05 CA CA150,931A patent/CA966103A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-09-07 DE DE2243996A patent/DE2243996A1/de active Pending
- 1972-09-08 PL PL1972157652A patent/PL83504B1/pl unknown
- 1972-09-08 NL NL7212276A patent/NL7212276A/xx unknown
- 1972-09-08 CS CS6159A patent/CS166659B2/cs unknown
- 1972-09-09 JP JP47090063A patent/JPS4875952A/ja active Pending
- 1972-09-09 IT IT83410/72A patent/IT967016B/it active
- 1972-09-11 AU AU46496/72A patent/AU4649672A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-09-11 BR BR006262/72A patent/BR7206262D0/pt unknown
Cited By (41)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3949557A (en) * | 1973-10-11 | 1976-04-13 | Michael Eskeli | Turbine |
US3977832A (en) * | 1975-01-20 | 1976-08-31 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | System for control of a nitric acid plant |
US4150547A (en) * | 1976-10-04 | 1979-04-24 | Hobson Michael J | Regenerative heat storage in compressed air power system |
US4193266A (en) * | 1977-07-28 | 1980-03-18 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Company Limited | Gas turbine power plant |
FR2445296A1 (fr) * | 1978-12-29 | 1980-07-25 | Davy International Ag | Procede et dispositif d'entrainement, pendant un temps limite, de turbine attelee a un compresseur d'air ou de gaz nitreux dans une installation de fabrication d'acide nitrique |
US4773214A (en) * | 1985-10-12 | 1988-09-27 | L. & C. Steinmuller Gmbh | Firing equipment that can be operated under turbocharge |
EP0220510A1 (fr) * | 1985-10-12 | 1987-05-06 | L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH | Brûleur pressurisé pour générateur de vapeur |
US5394695A (en) * | 1991-04-02 | 1995-03-07 | Sieber; J. D. | Wave powered energy generator |
EP0522673A2 (fr) * | 1991-07-10 | 1993-01-13 | MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft | Ensemble compresseur |
EP0522673A3 (en) * | 1991-07-10 | 1993-11-18 | Mannesmann Ag | Compressor unit |
US5537822A (en) * | 1994-02-03 | 1996-07-23 | The Israel Electric Corporation Ltd. | Compressed air energy storage method and system |
US5687570A (en) * | 1994-02-28 | 1997-11-18 | Ormat Industries Ltd. | Externally fired combined cycle gas turbine system |
US5799490A (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 1998-09-01 | Ormat Industries Ltd. | Externally fired combined cycle gas turbine |
US7690900B2 (en) | 2005-05-18 | 2010-04-06 | Joe Sieber | Wave energy accumulator |
US20090226331A1 (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2009-09-10 | Sieber Energy Inc. | Wave energy accumulator |
US8537961B2 (en) | 2005-08-26 | 2013-09-17 | Michael Keller | Hybrid integrated energy production process |
US20070280400A1 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-12-06 | Keller Michael F | Hybrid integrated energy production process |
US7961835B2 (en) | 2005-08-26 | 2011-06-14 | Keller Michael F | Hybrid integrated energy production process |
US9109603B2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2015-08-18 | Gardner Denver Deutschland Gmbh | Multi-stage centrifugal compressors |
CN102326001B (zh) * | 2009-01-30 | 2014-10-01 | 加德纳·丹佛德国股份有限公司 | 多级离心式压缩机的改进 |
JP2013526678A (ja) * | 2010-05-21 | 2013-06-24 | エクソンモービル アップストリーム リサーチ カンパニー | 並列動的圧縮機装置及び関連方法 |
WO2011146231A1 (fr) | 2010-05-21 | 2011-11-24 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Appareil compresseur dynamique, parallèle et procédés associés |
EP2572109A4 (fr) * | 2010-05-21 | 2018-06-20 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Appareil compresseur dynamique, parallèle et procédés associés |
US20140161588A1 (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2014-06-12 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Compressor Corporation | Centrifugal compressor |
US9714658B2 (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2017-07-25 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Compressor Corporation | Centrifugal compressor |
WO2013091770A1 (fr) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-27 | Thyssenkrupp Uhde Gmbh | Procédé et dispositif de production d'acide nitrique |
US9776867B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2017-10-03 | Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions Ag | Process and apparatus for preparation of nitric acid |
US20140363269A1 (en) * | 2012-02-23 | 2014-12-11 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Compressor control device and control method therefor, and compressor system |
US10036395B2 (en) * | 2012-02-23 | 2018-07-31 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Compressor Corporation | Compressor control device and control method therefor, and compressor system |
US11131486B2 (en) * | 2012-08-17 | 2021-09-28 | Vinod Kumar Arora | Integrated chilling of process air compression in ammonia plants utilizing direct and indirect chilling from the ammonia compression train of the plant followed by air flow split and multistage air preheating to the secondary ammonia reformer |
US20190234414A1 (en) * | 2012-10-03 | 2019-08-01 | Henry E. Howard | Method for compressing an incoming feed air stream in a cryogenic air separation plant |
US20190234413A1 (en) * | 2012-10-03 | 2019-08-01 | Henry E. Howard | Method for compressing an incoming feed air stream in a cryogenic air separation plant |
US20190234415A1 (en) * | 2012-10-03 | 2019-08-01 | Henry E. Howard | Method for compressing an incoming feed air stream in a cryogenic air separation plant |
US10519962B2 (en) * | 2012-10-03 | 2019-12-31 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Method for compressing an incoming feed air stream in a cryogenic air separation plant |
US10533564B2 (en) * | 2012-10-03 | 2020-01-14 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Method for compressing an incoming feed air stream in a cryogenic air separation plant |
US10533565B2 (en) * | 2012-10-03 | 2020-01-14 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Method for compressing an incoming feed air stream in a cryogenic air separation plant |
US9234530B1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2016-01-12 | Exelis Inc. | Thermal energy recovery |
US9228485B2 (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2016-01-05 | Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. | Air handling system having cooling assembly |
US20140318120A1 (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2014-10-30 | Electro-Motive Diesel Inc. | Air handling system having cooling assembly |
US9709069B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2017-07-18 | Dayspring Church Of God Apostolic | Hybrid drive engine |
US11492964B2 (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2022-11-08 | Michael F. Keller | Integrated supercritical CO2/multiple thermal cycles |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2243996A1 (de) | 1973-04-05 |
IT967016B (it) | 1974-02-28 |
CA966103A (en) | 1975-04-15 |
GB1367724A (en) | 1974-09-25 |
NL7212276A (fr) | 1973-03-13 |
CS166659B2 (fr) | 1976-03-29 |
JPS4875952A (fr) | 1973-10-12 |
BR7206262D0 (pt) | 1973-08-21 |
BE788368A (fr) | 1973-01-02 |
PL83504B1 (fr) | 1975-12-31 |
AU4649672A (en) | 1974-03-21 |
FR2155251A5 (fr) | 1973-05-18 |
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