Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
  • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
  • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
  • D02J1/229—Relaxing
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
  • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
  • D01D5/20—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with varying denier along their length
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
  • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
  • D02G3/34—Yarns or threads having slubs, knops, spirals, loops, tufts, or other irregular or decorative effects, i.e. effect yarns
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
  • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
  • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
  • D02J1/223—Stretching in a liquid bath
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
  • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
  • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
  • D02J1/227—Control of the stretching tension; Localisation of the stretching neck; Draw-pins
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
  • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
  • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
  • D02J1/228—Stretching in two or more steps, with or without intermediate steps
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2922—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
  • Y10T428/2976—Longitudinally varying
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
  • Y10T428/2978—Surface characteristic

Definitions

• ABSTRACT Fancy yarns are made by subjecting yarns of a [21] Appl' 8l4465 synthetic thermoplastic material, especially polyester yarns, to partial stretching, e.g. by a factor of 1.5-3.5, [30] Foreign Application Priority Data in contact with an aqueous lower alkanol or other crack-producing agent, followed by a heat relaxation March 15, 1968 France ..68l44238 treatment the Said or other heat treatment or a plementary stretch, being applied intermittently or to gd igg gg z a continuously varying degree.
• the yarns obtained 58 Field o r sei c ii 161/179 173 57/140 .1 have a appfearance altimating thick and thin portlons, the d1ameters of the th1ck and thin portions both varying macroscopically, and the [56] References cued thick parts varying in diameter on the microscopic UNITED STATES PATENTS scale, the zones of smallest diameter corresponding to zones of highest crystallinity and orientation.
• the thin 3,115,437 12/1963 Adams ..l61/l79 parts may vary in diameter microscopically in an gg y analogous way but with smaller variations, or may be amS b t t' m 3,212,158 10/1965 KaseyJr, ..l6l/l79 a yumor 3,439,489 4/1969 Holton et al ..l6l/l79 5 Claims, N0 Drawings FANCY YARN, AND PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING IT
• This invention relates to a new product consisting of a fancy yarn of a synthetic thermoplastic material resembling a so-called flake yarn, and to a process and device for obtaining it.
• the yarn is of a polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate.
• a standard technique for the manufacture of synthetic flake yarns consists of under-stretching the yarns in zones, that is to say of stretching them in zones to a lesser degree than corresponds to a fully stretched yarn.
• the stretching force is not applied to the yarn uniformly, so that the diameter of the finished yarn varies along its length.
• the present invention provides a new multifilament yarn of a synthetic thermoplastic material, in which each filament possesses, on a macroscopic scale, alternations of thick and thin parts in phase, the diameters of the thick and thin parts varying over the length of the yarn in such a way as to give it a flake appearance.
• This new yarn is characterized in that the thick parts comprise on a microscopic scale alternating zones of at least two different diameters, the zones of the lowest diameter corresponding to the zones having the highest crystallinity and molecular orientation and vice versa, and the thin parts comprise on a microscopic scale the same alternations of zones and the same differences of structural characteristics but to a much lower degree with the possibility that the differences can become imperceptible; in other words, these thin parts can in the extreme case be in the form of normally stretched parts which are crystalline, oriented and of uniform crosssection.
• the thick parts On the macroscopic scale the thick parts have a spiral three-dimensional crimp and a high apparent volume.
• the thick parts it is advantageous for the thick parts to show, on a microscopic scale, an alternation of zones of pronouncedly different diameters, the essentially amorphous and un-oriented zones giving the yarn great flexibility.
• the most amorphous zones in the thick parts have a crystallinity index of less than 20 percent.
• This crystallinity index is deduced from the measurement of the overall crystallinity index of the yarn as determined according to the method of W.O. Statton (Journal of Applied Polymer Science Vol. 7, pp. 803-815 (1963)), from the proportions by volume of the various zones, from the X-ray diagram given by the yarn, from comparisons of fluorescence after dyeing of the various zones of one and the same yarn or of several yarns, and from the morphology of these zones.
• the invention also consists in a new process for obtaining flake yarns from filaments of a synthetic thermoplastic material, especially polyester material, which comprises partially stretching the yarn in contact with a crack-producing agent and then giving it a heat treatment in the relaxed state, and continuously or intermittently varying the degree of relaxation during such a heat treatment and/or the degree of stretching during the initial or a supplementary stretching treatment.
• supplementary stretching may be carried out in the cold.
• the yarn after being stretched in a bath of a crack-producing agent, is given a supplementary stretching to a degree which varies with time, and is then given a heat treatment in the relaxed state.
• the yarn is first given a heat treatment in the relaxed state and is then partially stretched to a varying degree.
• the yarn after being partially stretched in a bath of a crack-producing agent, is given a heat treatment in a relaxed state, the degree of relaxation varying continuously or intermittently in a regular or random manner.
• the yarn can be given a heat treatment while it passes continuously from a relaxed state to a stretching state.
• crack-producing agents can be used, e.g. alcohols, glycols, dimethyl-formarnide, kerosene, perchlorethylene, polyoxyethylenic liquids of the Carbowax type, pyridine and the like.
• alcohols glycols, dimethyl-formarnide, kerosene, perchlorethylene, polyoxyethylenic liquids of the Carbowax type, pyridine and the like.
• aqueous solutions of lower alcohols are used.
• the degree of stretch in a crack-producing bath is advantageously between 1.5 and 3.5, and especially between 2.5 and 3.
• the degree of relaxation and of any subsequent stretching will vary according to the effect desired.
• the heat treatment can be effected by any known means, including treatment with steam or with hot air, or contact with a heating surface.
• the various operations of the process may be carried out on a continuous or a discontinuous basis.
• the time elapsing between stretching in a crack-producing bath and the relaxation and/or subsequent stretching under varying tension responsible for the formation of the flakes is immaterial, and when a supplementary stretching is followed by heat treatment in the relaxed state these two operations may be separated.
• the heat treatment can take place for example during a subsequent yarn treatment stage, or on the finished woven or other fabric.
• the invention consists also in a device for carrying out the above process, which comprises means for feeding a yarn to a bath, means for stretching it in the bath, means for heat treating the stretched yarn and means for relaxing and/or continuously or intermittently varying the degree of relaxation during such a heat treatment or the degree of stretch during the initial or a supplementary stretching treatment, and means for winding up the resulting fancy yarn.
• This device may be constructed as a single unit or divided into several elements.
• the heat treatment means may consist of any known means such as a hot air box or heating plate or an equivalent thereof.
• the device for varying the degree of relaxation and/or stretching may consist simply of a moving finger forming part of, or carried or operated by, a cam driven by a motor, usually a variable speed motor, and of two sets of rollers of which the second is controlled to run at a different peripheral speed than the first.
• this device can be replaced by any equivalent mechanism without going outside the scope of the invention.
• a first device for carrying out the process of the invention comprises a creel that carries a bobbin from which yarn is drawn off by a first system of rollers, passing through a wire loop.
• the yarn is thereafter stretched in a crack-producing bath contained in a vat, from which it is drawn by a second system of rollers.
• the resulting yarn is thereafter treated in a hot air box from which it is drawn by a third set of rollers.
• the yarn then undergoes a second stretching by means of a system consisting of the two snubbing elements provided by eyelets and a moving finger.
• the yarn is finally taken up by a windup mechanism.
• variable stretching device is arranged upstream from the third set of rollers and either upstream or downstream from the heating box.
• polyethylene terephthalate used has an intrinsic viscosity in ochlorophenol of the usual value for textile yarns, about 0.65.
• EXAMPLE 1 A 66 filament polyethylene terephthalate yarn of filament denier 7 is stretched in the above mentioned first device, using an aqueous bath containing 25 percent of ethanol at 40C., with a degree of stretch of 3.
• the peripheral speed of the second set of rollers or feed rollers is 510 m/minute, that of the third set of rollers or relaxing rollers is 163 m/minute and the winding up speed is 258 m/minute.
• the temperature of the heating box is 120C.
• the moving finger reciprocates l 10 times per minute.
• a flake yarn is obtained in which the thick parts have a gauge of 320 denier and the thin parts a gauge of 180 denier.
• the shrinkage in boiling water is 41.7 percent for the thin parts and 17.7 percent for the thick parts.
• the shrinkage in boiling water is determined as follows: a length of yarn A is first measured under a load of 0.05 g/den, then dipped into boiling water for 2 minutes, and dried for half an hour in an oven at 100C. The yarn is now suspended for minutes and is then subjected to a load of 0.05 g/den, and a new length B is measured.
• the shrinkage in boiling water is given by the ratio (A B)/A X100.
• EXAMPLE 2 The same yarn and the same device as before are used, but the speeds of the feed rollers and relaxing rollers are respectively 234 m/minute and 81 m/minute, the temperature of the oven is 160C., and the winding up speed is 144 m/minute.
• the moving finger reciprocates 76 times per minute.
• EXAMPLE 3 Still using the same polyethylene terephthalate yarn, an assembly is used in which the stretching finger is arranged between the oven or hot air box and the third set of rollers, the operating details being:
• EXAMPLE 5 The same yarn is used as in example 4 but this time the assembly employed is such that the stretching finger is located between the bath and the second set of rollers; the characteristics of the resulting yarn are essentially the same.
• the yarns of the invention are particularly valuable because they combine softness properties, even after subsequent heat treatment, with an excellent dyeing affinity. Furthermore they can be easily obtained by a process operating directly after and continuously with extrusion spinning.
• a fancy yarn consisting essentially of a bundle of continuous filaments of a polyester partially drawn above the natural draw ratio in which each filament has, on the macroscopic scale, alternating thick and thin diameter parts in phase varying over the length of the yarn wherein the denier of the thick diameter parts is at least 175 percent of the denier of the thin diameter parts, whereby the yarn has a flake appearance
• the thick diameter parts comprising, on the microl0 scopic scale, alternating zones of different average diameters and different crystallinity and molecular orientation, wherein the zones of the smallest diameter have the highest crystallinity and molecular orientation, and the zones of greatest

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=27244805

Family Applications (3)

Family Applications After (2)

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Cited By (7)

Families Citing this family (3)

Citations (6)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 1968
  • 1968-03-18 FR FR144238A patent/FR1584493A/fr not_active Expired
• 1969
  • 1969-03-10 NL NL6903674A patent/NL6903674A/xx unknown
  • 1969-03-17 BE BE729983A patent/BE729983A/xx unknown
  • 1969-03-17 US US814465*A patent/US3683610A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1969-03-18 GB GB04297/69A patent/GB1254924A/en not_active Expired
  • 1969-03-18 DE DE19691913686 patent/DE1913686A1/de active Pending
• 1970
  • 1970-10-26 US US00084131A patent/US3772747A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1974
  • 1974-04-22 US US46313874 patent/USRE28406E/en not_active Expired

Patent Citations (6)

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