US3645727A - Method for melting titanium alloys - Google Patents
Method for melting titanium alloys Download PDFInfo
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- US3645727A US3645727A US871968A US3645727DA US3645727A US 3645727 A US3645727 A US 3645727A US 871968 A US871968 A US 871968A US 3645727D A US3645727D A US 3645727DA US 3645727 A US3645727 A US 3645727A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- ABSTRACT This invention relates to a method of making a homogeneous ingot of a titanium base alloy by mixing particles of titanium with a master alloy in the form of fine granules, said master alloy containing 30 to 75 percent by weight of molybdenum, 25 to 70 percent by weight of at least one of the elements selected from the group consisting of chromium, titanium, zir- ,7 ,7 2 ms N9 aw n METHOD FOR MELTING TITANTUM ALLOYS
- This application is a continuation-in-part of copending application Ser. No. 523,866, filed Feb. 1, 1966, now US. Pat. No. 3,508,910.
- titaniumbase alloys of the alpha-beta type such as the alloy comprising 7 percent aluminum, 4 percent molybdenum, balance titanium, are known, and these alloys can be melted as a homogeneous composition rather readily by using a master alloy consisting of aluminum and molybdenum.
- this approach is not available because aluminum in the preparation required to form suitable master alloys with molybdenum is harmful to the properties of such titanium-base alloys.
- Another method which has been considered for use in producing such alloys involves the mixing of titanium powder with molybdenum powder and other alloy constituents to form a homogeneous powder mixture, compacting the powder mixture into a briquette, and then vacuum consumable-electrode melting such a briquette. Powdered molybdenum is required as a starting material, and the mixing step is exceedingly difficult to perform adequately on anything but a very small scale, because the molybdenum powder is more dense than the other involved powders.
- a master alloy of zirconium-molybdenum is lower melting and less dense than molybdenum, and so melts quickly into liquid solution into the molten titanium, and in the instant invention advantage is taken of this fact.
- the introduction of iron into the master alloy has the further advantage that it makes possible the use as a starting material of a relatively inexpensive material, ferromolybdenum, in place of the relatively expensive material, powdered molybdenum, hitherto considered necessary as a source of the molybdenum in the alloys.
- the melting point of the master alloy can be further lowered, and the properties of the alloy thus produced can be further enhanced, by the inclusion in the master alloy of a substantial proportion of chromium, up to about 30 percent. If desired, up to about 10 percent in total amount of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of manganese, hafnium, columbium, tantalum, vanadium, nickel, copper, and cobalt may be incorporated in the master alloy with a view to further lowering its melting point and/or enhancing the properties of the titanium-base alloy to be produced by its use.
- the instant invention comprises the concept of providing, in fine granular form, a molybdenum-containing master alloy containing 20 to 40 percent zirconium, and at least about 30 percent molybdenum.
- the zirconium may be replaced with iron in whole or in part on the basis of about one part for one by weight, and preferably this is done, as aforesaid, by using the commercial ferromolybdenum as a source of at least part of the molybdenum in the master alloy.
- ferromolybdenum contains about 55 to 75 percent of molybdenum by weight, the balance being substantially iron, so that in most circumstances only a relatively small part of the molybdenum contained in the master alloy would need to be supplied in the form of pure molybdenum. it is considered essential that zirconium be included in a master alloy intended for use in the production of titanium-base alloys, because otherwise the final titanium-base alloy has a relatively high content of iron, and its ductility sufiers.
- the instant invention comprises master alloys that contain 30 to 75 percent molybdenum, to 40 percent zirconium, 0 to 20 percent iron, 0 to 30 percent chromium, and 0 to 25- percent titanium, but 25 to 70 percent in total amount of one or more of the elements zirconium, iron, chromium, and titanium.
- such alloys contain 20 to 40 percent of zirconium, and desirably, also at least 3 percent in total amount of an element selected from the group consisting of iron and chromium. It is understood that other alloying elements desired in the final titanium-base alloy may in many cases be included in the master alloy without detriments.
- molybdenum-zirconium-iron master alloys consists of 40 to 75 percent molybdenum, 25 to 35 percent zirconium, and 5 to 20 percent iron.
- a master alloy within the scope of the present invention is one consisting essentially of 45 to 70 percent molybdenum, 25 to 35 percent zirconium, 5 to 20 percent iron, 3 to percent chromium, and to percent titanium.
- the master alloys are provided in the fonn of fine granules.
- the particles of master alloy are substantially all of such size as will pass through a No. 3 US. Standard sieve and be retained upon a sieve such as a No. 80 US Standard sieve, or perhaps slightly finer.
- the considerations in choosing a suitable size range for a given master alloy include the readiness with which the particular alloy melts and the size and chemical composition of the material with which it is to be mixed to form the desired final alloy.
- Master alloys that are quite readily meltable, having a low melting point in comparison with that of the material with which the master alloy is to be mixed, can often be used in the form of fairly coarse particles, e.g., with a maximum dimension of about one inch. It is generally desirable, however, to adhere to a somewhat smaller top size, such as a No. 8 US. Standard sieve or finer. On the other hand, it is essential, in the interest of obtaining a relatively uniform mixture of the master alloy with the other materials contained in the composition of the desired final alloy, to avoid the use of any substantial amount of particles that are so fine as to separate out or be carried away as dust. The sizes of the particles of the titanium sponge, titanium fines, or other similar material should be considered.
- the invention also comprises the method of using certain of the master alloys of the invention to produce homogeneous ingots of molybdenum-rich titanium-base alloys which consists in mixing said alloys in the form of fine granules with particles of titanium, preferably titanium sponge, compacting the mixture thus obtained into an object to be melted, preferably a consumable electrode, and then melting said object in the substantial absence of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon preferably in a vacuum.
- EXAMPLE 1 Ten parts by weight of molybdenum chips or molybdenum rondelles are blended with 5 parts by weight of zirconium sponge, then melted in a carbon arc furnace to produce an ingot. The ingot is dumped, crushed, and screened to obtain a sized fraction which will pass through a No. 8 US. Standard sieve but will be retained upon a No. 30 US. Standard sieve. If desired, the sized material is again carbon-arc-melted to form a second ingot which is subsequently crushed and screened to obtain a material of the same consistency.
- the master alloy is in fine, granular form and contains about 67 percent molybdenum, about 33 percent zirconium, and only about 0.01 percent of carbon. That is how a fine, granular master alloy in accordance with the present invention is made.
- Such a master alloy is used in the following manner. Fifteen parts by weight of the master alloy, prepared as mentioned above, are mixed with 4 parts by weight of tin and 81 parts by weight of sponge titanium. The mixture is blended and is then compacted into the form of briquettes, for example, about 8 inches in diameter and 10 inches high. The briquettes are then assembled to form a consumable electrode, in any desired fashion, for example, by forming a cluster composed of three strands, each strand containing 8 or more of said briquettes, a titanium rod 1 inch in diameter being used, together with a welding torch, to weld the cluster together.
- An adapter piece preferably of titanium metal, is welded to the upper end of the electrode, which is then placed in a vacuum consumable-electrode melting furnace and then melted in accordance with known practices.
- the ingot thus produced is upended, an adapter is welded to its upper end, and the ingot is remelted, to yield an ingot of titanium-base alloy consisting essentially of 10 percent molybdenum, 5 percent zirconium, 4 percent tin, balance titanium.
- a titanium-base alloy is produced which is considerably freer from densemetal inclusions than any other titanium-base alloy of like molybdenum content produced without the use of special and costly melting practices.
- Example I was repeated, except that after the first carbonarc melt was conducted and a sized fraction of molybdenumzirconium alloy was obtained, there were added to 15 parts by weight of said molybdenum-zirconium alloy 5 parts by weight of titanium sponge. This mixture was thoroughly blended and carbon-arc melted a second time as in Example l, and the resulting ingot was crushed and screened. Twenty parts by weight of such master alloy were mixed with 4 parts by weight of tin and 76 parts by weight of sponge titanium, and then further treated as in Example I to yield a titanium-base alloy containing 10 weight percent molybdenum, 5 percent zirconium, 4 percent tin, balance titanium.
- EXAMPLE Ill A mixture was formed consisting of 59 parts by weight of molybdenum rondelles, 29 parts by weight of zirconium sponge and 12 parts by weight of iron pellets. The mixture was thoroughly blended, then carbon-arc-melted, screened, remelted, and again screened, as indicated in Example I. This yields a master alloy in fine, granular form, consisting essentially, by weight, of 59 percent molybdenum, 29 percent zirconium, and 12 percent iron.
- Example II One hundred parts by weight of such mixture were then thoroughly blended with 24 parts by weight of tin and 466 parts by weight of titanium sponge, and then further processed as indicated in Example I, to yield a final titanium-base alloy consisting essentially of 10 percent molybdenum, 5 percent zirconium, 4 percent tin, 2 percent iron, balance titanium. The addition of iron further lowers the melting point of the master alloy and yields a final doubly consumable-electrode-melted product of improved homogeneity.
- Example III was repeated except that ferromolybdenum was used as a source of iron, in place of iron pellets. That is, a mixture was formed consisting of 36 parts by weight of ferromolybdenum (containing 67 percent molybdenum and the balance essentially iron), 35 parts by weight of molybdenum rondelles, and 29 parts by weight of zirconium sponge. The mixture was thoroughly blended and carbon-arc-melted, screened, remelted, and again screened as indicated in Example 1.
- Example II One hundred parts by weight of such mixture were then thoroughly blended with 24 parts by weight of tin and 466 parts by weight of titanium sponge, and then further processed as indicated in Example I, to yield a titanium-base alloy consisting essentially of percent molybdenum, 5 percent zirconium, 4 percent tin, 2 percent iron, balance titanium.
- Example IV was repeated, except that some titanium was added to the master-alloy composition immediately before the second carbon-arc-melting. That is, a mixture was formed consisting of 36 parts by weight of ferromolybdenum (containing 67 percent molybdenum and the balance essentially iron), 35 parts by weight of molybdenum rondelles, and 29 parts by weight of zirconium sponge. The mixture was thoroughly blended, then carbon-arc-melted, and screened. To this screened product there was added sufi'icient titanium sponge to yield a titanium content of percent in the master alloy after the second carbon-arc melt.
- ferromolybdenum containing 67 percent molybdenum and the balance essentially iron
- molybdenum rondelles 35 parts by weight of molybdenum rondelles
- zirconium sponge 29 parts by weight
- Example I 100 parts by weight of the screened product of the first carbon-arc melt were mixed with parts by weight of titanium sponge, and then further processed as indicated in Example I.
- a screened master alloy in fine, granular form, consisting essentially, by weight of 47 percent molybdenum, 23 percent zirconium, 10 percent iron, 20 percent titanium.
- One hundred parts by weight of such mixture were then thoroughly blended with l9 parts by weight of tin and 351 parts by weight of titanium sponge, and then further processed as indicated in Example I, to yield a final titanium-base alloy consisting essentially of 10 percent molybdenum, 5 percent zirconium, 4 percent tin, 2 percent iron, balance titanium.
- EXAMPLE VI A mixture was formed consisting of 53 parts by weight of molybdenum rondelles, parts by weight of zirconium sponge, 12 parts by weight of iron pellets, and 6 parts by weight of chromium chips. The mixture was thoroughly blended then carbon-arc-melted, screened, remelted, and again screened as indicated in Example 1. One hundred and one parts by weight of such mixture were then thoroughly blended with 24 parts by weight of tin and 464 parts by weight of titanium sponge, and then further processed as indicated in Example I to yield a titanium-base alloy consisting essentially of 9 percent molybdenum, 5 percent zirconium, 4 percent tin, 2 percent iron, 1 percent chromium, balance titanium.
- Example VI was repeated, except that ferromolybdenum was used as a source of iron in place of iron pellets. That is, a mixture was formed consisting of 36 parts by weight of ferromolybdenum (containing 67 percent molybdenum and the balance essentially iron), 29 parts by weight of molybdenum rondelles, 30 parts by weight of zirconium sponge, and 6 parts by weight of chromium chips. The mixture was thoroughly blended, then carbon-arc-melted, screened, remelted, and again screened as indicated in Example I.
- Example Vll One hundred and one parts by weight of such mixture were then thoroughly blended with 24 parts by weight of tin and 464 parts by weight of titanium sponge, and then further processed as indicated in Example I, to yield a final titanium-base alloy consisting essentially of 9 percent molybdenum, 5 percent zirconium, 4 percent tin, 2 percent iron, 1 percent chromium, balance titani- EXAMPLE VIII Example Vll was repeated, except that titanium was introduced to the master alloy immediately before the second carbon-arc melt.
- a mixture was formed consisting of 36 parts by weight of ferromolybdenum (containing 67 percent molybdenum and the balance essentially iron), 29 parts by weight of molybdenum rondelles, 30 parts by weight of zirconium sponge, and 6 parts by weight of chromium chips.
- the mixture was thoroughly blended then carbon-arc-melted and screened.
- To this screened product there was added sufficient titanium sponge to yield a titanium content of 20 percent in the master alloy after the second carbon-arc-melt. That is, 101 parts by weight of the screened product of the first carbonarcmelt were mixed with 25 parts by weight of titanium sponge, and then further processed as indicate in Example I.
- a screened master alloy in fine, granular form having substantially the following composition: 42 percent molybdenum, 24 percent zirconium, 9 percent iron, 5 percent chromium, 20 percent titanium.
- One hundred twenty-six parts by weight of such mixture were then thoroughly blended with 24 parts by weight of tin and 439 parts by weight of titanium sponge, and then further processed as indicated in Example I, to yield a final titanium-base alloy consisting essentially of 9 percent molybdenum, 5 percent zirconium, 4 percent tin, 2 percent iron, 1 percent chromium, balance titanium.
- Example VIII was repeated, except that ferrochromium (consisting of 70 percent chromium, balance essentially iron) was used as a source of chromium in place of chromium chips, and molybdenum rondelles were used as a source of part of the molybdenum. That is, a mixture was formed consisting of 41 parts by weight of molybdenum rondelles, 33 parts by weight of ferromolybdenum, 35 parts by weight of zirconium sponge, and 10 parts by weight of ferrochromium. The mixture was thoroughly blended and then carbon-arc-melted, screened, and remelted, and again screened as indicated in Example I.
- ferrochromium consisting of 70 percent chromium, balance essentially iron
- Example II One hundred nineteen parts by weight of such mixture were then thoroughly blended with 28 parts by weight of tin and 553 parts by weight of titanium sponge and further processed as indicated in Example I, to yield a final titaniumbase alloy consisting essentially of 9 percent molybdenum, 5 percent zirconium, 4 percent tin, 2 percent iron, 1 percent chromium, balance titanium.
- Example IX was repeated, except that titanium was introduced to the master alloy immediately before the second carbon-arc-melt. That is, a mixture was formed consisting of 41 parts by weight of molybdenum rondelles, 33 parts by weight of ferromolybdenum, 35 parts by weight of zirconium sponge, and 10 parts by weight of Ferrochromium. The mixture was thoroughly blended then carbon-arc-melted and screened. To this screened product there was added sufficient titanium sponge to yield a titanium content of 20 percent in the master alloy after the second carbon-arc-melt. That is, l 19 parts by weight of the screened product of the first carbonarc-melt were mixed with 30 parts by weight of titanium sponge, and then further processed as indicated in Example 1.
- a screened master alloy in fine, granular form having substantially the following composition: 42 percent molybdenum, 35 percent zirconium, 9 percent iron, 5 percent chromium, and 20 percent titanium.
- One hundred forty-nine parts by weight of such mixture were then thoroughly blended with 28 parts by weight of tin and 523 parts by weight of titanium sponge, and then further processed as indicated in Example I, to yield a final titanium-base alloy consisting essentially of 9 percent molybdenum, 5 percent zirconium, 4 percent tin, 2 percent iron, 1 percent chromium, balance titanium.
- EXAMPLE Xl A mixture was formed consisting of 60 parts by weight of molybdenum chips, 30 parts by weight of zirconium sponge and 10 parts by weight of tin cuttings. The mixture was thoroughly blended, then tungsten-arc-rnelted, crushed, screened, remelted and again crushed and screened as in Example l. One hundred parts by weight of such mixture were then thoroughly blended with 400 parts by weight of titanium sponge and then further processed as in Example I, to yield a final titanium-base alloy consisting essentially of 12 percent molybdenum, 6 percent zirconium, 2 percent tin, balance titanium.
- Another way in which the master alloy according to the invention may be used is to place together in a furnace in a vacuum or a protective (oxygenand nitrogen-free) atmosphere particles of master alloy and particles of titanium, and then arc-melt, using a nonconsumable electrode, for example, of carbon or tungsten.
- a nonconsumable electrode for example, of carbon or tungsten.
- a method of making a-homogeneous ingot of a molybdenum-containing titanium base alloy comprising the steps of mixing particles of titanium with a master alloy in the form of fine granules, said master alloy consisting essentially of 30 to 75 percent by weight of molybdenum, 25 to percent by weight of at least one of the elements selected from the group consisting of chromium, titanium, zirconium, nickel and copper, but not over 30 percent chromium, not over 25 percent titanium, not over 40 percent zirconium, not over l0 percent nickel and not over 10 percent copper, compacting the mixture into the form of a compacted article and then melting said compacted article in a vacuum.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 2. The method of claim 1 wherein said master alloy contains 20 to 40 percent zirconium, 30 to 75 percent molybdenum and 25 percent max. titanium.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US87196869A | 1969-10-28 | 1969-10-28 |
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US3645727A true US3645727A (en) | 1972-02-29 |
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US871968A Expired - Lifetime US3645727A (en) | 1969-10-28 | 1969-10-28 | Method for melting titanium alloys |
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Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4069303A (en) * | 1976-02-20 | 1978-01-17 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Company | Alloy useful as hydrogen storage material |
US4129438A (en) * | 1976-03-23 | 1978-12-12 | Rmi Company | Method of adding trace elements to base metals |
FR2392133A1 (en) * | 1977-05-27 | 1978-12-22 | Reading Alloys | MOTHER ALLOYS BASED ON MOLYBDENE, TITANIUM, ZIRCONIUM AND ALUMINUM |
FR2565249A1 (en) * | 1984-05-29 | 1985-12-06 | Toho Titanium Co Ltd | CONSUMABLE ELECTRODE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NB-TI ALLOY |
US4854980A (en) * | 1987-12-17 | 1989-08-08 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Refractory transition metal glassy alloys containing molybdenum |
EP0413496A1 (en) * | 1989-08-15 | 1991-02-20 | Teledyne Industries Inc | Titanium alloy and method of production |
US5209790A (en) * | 1989-08-15 | 1993-05-11 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Production of Ti-V-Cr homogeneous alloy without vanadium inclusions |
WO1994002657A1 (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1994-02-03 | PERFECT, Marjorie, L. | Master alloys for beta 21s titanium-based alloys and method of making same |
WO1994002274A1 (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1994-02-03 | PERFECT, Marjorie, L. | Nickel alloy for hydrogen battery electrodes |
EP0801138A2 (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1997-10-15 | Reading Alloys, Inc. | Producing titanium-molybdenum master alloys |
US10397717B2 (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2019-08-27 | Ming Chi University Of Technology | Acoustic diaphragm and speaker containing the same |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3004848A (en) * | 1958-10-02 | 1961-10-17 | Nat Distillers Chem Corp | Method of making titanium and zirconium alloys |
-
1969
- 1969-10-28 US US871968A patent/US3645727A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3004848A (en) * | 1958-10-02 | 1961-10-17 | Nat Distillers Chem Corp | Method of making titanium and zirconium alloys |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4069303A (en) * | 1976-02-20 | 1978-01-17 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Company | Alloy useful as hydrogen storage material |
US4129438A (en) * | 1976-03-23 | 1978-12-12 | Rmi Company | Method of adding trace elements to base metals |
FR2392133A1 (en) * | 1977-05-27 | 1978-12-22 | Reading Alloys | MOTHER ALLOYS BASED ON MOLYBDENE, TITANIUM, ZIRCONIUM AND ALUMINUM |
FR2565249A1 (en) * | 1984-05-29 | 1985-12-06 | Toho Titanium Co Ltd | CONSUMABLE ELECTRODE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NB-TI ALLOY |
US4854980A (en) * | 1987-12-17 | 1989-08-08 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Refractory transition metal glassy alloys containing molybdenum |
EP0413496A1 (en) * | 1989-08-15 | 1991-02-20 | Teledyne Industries Inc | Titanium alloy and method of production |
US5124122A (en) * | 1989-08-15 | 1992-06-23 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Titanium alloy containing prealloyed vanadium and chromium alloy |
US5209790A (en) * | 1989-08-15 | 1993-05-11 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Production of Ti-V-Cr homogeneous alloy without vanadium inclusions |
WO1994002657A1 (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1994-02-03 | PERFECT, Marjorie, L. | Master alloys for beta 21s titanium-based alloys and method of making same |
WO1994002274A1 (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1994-02-03 | PERFECT, Marjorie, L. | Nickel alloy for hydrogen battery electrodes |
US5364587A (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1994-11-15 | Reading Alloys, Inc. | Nickel alloy for hydrogen battery electrodes |
EP0801138A2 (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1997-10-15 | Reading Alloys, Inc. | Producing titanium-molybdenum master alloys |
EP0801138A3 (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1998-05-27 | Reading Alloys, Inc. | Producing titanium-molybdenum master alloys |
US10397717B2 (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2019-08-27 | Ming Chi University Of Technology | Acoustic diaphragm and speaker containing the same |
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