US3596699A - Apparatus for spray drying milk and the like - Google Patents

Apparatus for spray drying milk and the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US3596699A
US3596699A US820920A US3596699DA US3596699A US 3596699 A US3596699 A US 3596699A US 820920 A US820920 A US 820920A US 3596699D A US3596699D A US 3596699DA US 3596699 A US3596699 A US 3596699A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tower
drying
spray
hot air
dried
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Expired - Lifetime
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US820920A
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English (en)
Inventor
Katsuto Okada
Fumio Kato
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MORINAGA NYUGRYO KK
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MORINAGA NYUGRYO KK
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C1/00—Concentration, evaporation or drying
    • A23C1/04—Concentration, evaporation or drying by spraying into a gas stream
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/16—Evaporating by spraying
    • B01D1/18—Evaporating by spraying to obtain dry solids

Definitions

  • the liquid sprayed proceeds downward with the hot air and falls, after being substantially dried, into a zone of cool air provided in the lower portion of the tower where complete drying as well as cooling takes placev
  • the hot air issuing from the upper portion of the tower in the downward direction encounters dry cooling air supplied from the lower portion of the tower about midway in the tower and they are exhausted from the side of the tower.
  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus therefor wherein liquids containing substances which are to be concentrated, dried and solidified, particularly milk is sprayed into hot air and dried.
  • Spray driers have hitherto been employed in the manufacture of powdered products, such as dry milk and others.
  • a normal room temperature drier has been considered as the most desirable.
  • a drying tower about 70m in height and about 16m in diameter will be required, for example, to handle concentrated milk containing about 50 percent by weight of solid matter at the rate of about 2,000 kg. per hour, and moreover such milk must be sprayed by 6 to 12 spray nozzles disposed at the upper end of the tower under a pressure of about 150 kgJcm.
  • this cold or normal room temperature spray-drying method. is disadvantageous in that although generally high quality products are obtainable the range of humidity and temperature in the drying chamber allows multiplication of micro-organisms, and, the use of a number of spray nozzles involves some dm'rcuity in providing uniform spraying.
  • a spray-drying tower in which the upper and lower portions have a heating section and a cooling section, respectively. A liquid to be dried is caused to pass through the tower. thus producing a good quality dry powdered product.
  • the present invention further provides a method and apparatus therefor wherein a liquid is efficiently emitted from a single prepsure nozzle with a coefficient of discharge the value of which is smaller than those of the normally workable coefficients of discharge, whereby the sprayed liquid falls within a drying tower with hot air flowing in the same direction as the liquid so that it turns into nearly dried powder form and continues to fall further in this nearly dried powder form as it passes through a section of cooled and dehumidified air supplied at the bottom portion of the tower in order that the nearly dried powder can be completely dried and cooled.
  • the present invention make it possible, through the use of hot air drying, to handle the same amount of liquids as the conventional normal temperature driers with a much smaller apparatus, but it also prevents dried powder materials from being subjected to excessive heating and from sticking to form a layer thereof on the wall of a funnel or conical shaped section in the lower part of the tower because drying takes place in the cold air section unlike in the conventional methods of hot air drying. It is to be noted here that there is a distinct boundary surface between aheating section formed by heated or hot air in the upper portion of the tower and a cooling section formed by cooled and dehumidiiied air in the lower portion of the tower owing to the difference between the specific gravity of the two sections.
  • This boundary surface is maintained because the humid hot air and the warmed cold air are discharged from the extension of the boundary surface. Entralned with the discharged mixture of hot and cold air from the boundary surface. some of the dried powders are also discharged from the tower. However. the discharged powder can be separated from the mixture. as for example, by a cyclone separator and recirculated to be returned to the cold air section.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a spray'drying apparatus capable of performing a highly efficient spraying procedure wherein the liquid which has hitherto been disposed of by a plurality of pressure nozzles is shot out by a single pressure nozzle under practically the same pressure as heretofor used. but with an extremely low coefficient of discharge.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a method of spray drying wherein the spraying characteristics are easily controlled with the use of a single pressure nozzle to thereby produce good quality products.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a method of spray drying and apparatus therefore wherein powders heated and dried with hot air are fully and completely dried and cooled by passing them through cooled and dehumidlfied air so that powder products are obtainable which can be readily packed into containers without forming any agglorneration or lumps.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing dry powders and apparatus therefor wherein a sprayliquld is passed through both a heating section and a cooling section to produce dry powders.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a method at hot air spray drying and apparatus therefor wherein dry powders falling into a funnel or conical shaped part in the lower portion of a drying tower are cooled such that the dried powders arriving at said tunnel or conical part are not permitted to stick to and form a layer on thefunnel or conical shaped-part.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a method of hot air spray-drying and apparatus therefor wherein a funnel or conical shaped part in the lower portion of a drying tower is cooled such that no dried powders are permitted to stick to and accumulate on the sides of said conical part.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a method of hot air spray drying and apparatus therefor wherein there are provided a heating section in the upper portion of a drying tower and a cooling section in the lower portion of the tower with a sprayed liquid falling through both said sections, in order that a boundary layer is maintained between said two sections both heating and cooling gaseous bodies existing in the interfacial section are discharged from the tower through said boundary layer, and dried powders entrained with the discharged gaseous bodies are separated to be recirculated back into said cooling section.
  • the accompanying drawing shows, by means of a schematic diagram, an embodiment of a hot air spray-drying apparatus according to the present invention.
  • a drying tower 1 consists of an upper cylindrical part 2 and a lower funnel or conical shaped part 3.
  • a nozzle 4 mounted in the central inner upper portion of the tower 1 is a nozzle 4 to which is fed concentrated milk of up to about 50 percent by weight concentration from a feed pump 5 through a conduit 6.
  • a conduit 8 Also connected to the top'of the tower l is a conduit 8 extending from a source 7 of hot air supply including a filter, a blower and a heat exchanger for heating purpose. Hot air is thus fed into the tower through the conduit 8.
  • a port 9 Disposed at the bottom end of the lower funnel shaped part 3 of the tower l is a port 9 through which dried milk powder is discharged to a means l9 which receives the discharged product.
  • First and second cold air feed ducts l0 and 10' are provided within the funnel shaped part 3 immediately above the discharge port 9. The ducts to and 10' are respectively connected to conduit: 12 and 12' from a source 11 of cold air supply including a filter. a blower and a heat exchanger for dehumidification.
  • An exhaust duct 13 is disposed at the junction of the cylindrical part 2 and the funnel shaped part 3 and a conduit 14 provides a connection between a cyclone l5 and the duct 13.
  • the cyclone i5 is provided with an exhauster l6 and a powder discharge port I? which opens into a powder recovery conduit 18.
  • the conduit 18 is connected to the cold air supply source 11 and the duct 10, for example.
  • hot air at about 150" C. flows downwards in the direction shown by arrows A, while dehumidified cold air at about 15. to 20 (2., for example, goes up within the tower in the direction shown by arrows B.
  • dehumidified cold air at about 15. to 20 goes up within the tower in the direction shown by arrows B.
  • the two air streams form interface D and are exhausted at 13. as shown by arrow C.
  • the velocity of those current streams is low, such as in the order of lm/sec. Because of the difference between the specific gravity of the hot and cold air and of the slow but continuous supply thereof, the hot and cold air are separated from each other forming the interface D thcrcbetwecn.
  • Milk normally concentrated up to about 50 percent conccn trstion is sprayed into the tower 1 from the nozzle 4 by the pressure pump 5.
  • the fine particles of the sprayed conccm trstcd milk fall within the tower 1 in the manner shown by an arrow B, through the heating section and then through the cooling section, to the product discharge port 9, during which the army of concentrated milk is subjected to the drying and cool ng.
  • the nozzle 4 is not s centrifugal atomizer. but a high pres sure nozzle.
  • the centrifugal atomizer has a large or horizontal spray angle. and a single unit can spray a large amount of liquid in a short time. This means that even it a sufficiently large diameter drying tower is used, a spray of milk will still moisten the tower wall. forming thereon a sticking layer of solidified milk.
  • spraying is effected under high pressure and with a lower coefiicient of discharge.
  • the concentrated milk is scattered by a relatively small spray angle and falls, entrained by the hot air. within the cylindrical part 2 of the tower.
  • the sprayed fine particles of milk reach the interface D within 2 or 3 seconds and at an almost dried state.
  • the dry powder thus arriving at the interface contains molten fat and has a very low water content, thus tending to agglomerate into a lump.
  • the powder which is almost dry when arriving at the interface D continues to fall further and enters into a cooling section in the funnel shaped part 3 where its moisture content is removed and the fat solidified in a dry atmosphere resulting in a thoroughly dried powder.
  • the thoroughly dried powders falls along the wall of the tower to its lower part where the powder is accumulated. Cooled and dehumidificd air is blown from the duct 10 through the accumulated dry powder so that the powder is further kept thoroughly dried and cooled.
  • the moist hot air entering from the top of the drying tower and arriving at the interface D combines with the rising cold air from the ducts 1.0 and 10'. to reach the cyclone 15 from which the combined air is discharged into the atmosphere by the exhauster 16. Carried by the exhausted air current from the tower 1. some of the almost dried powders are also discharged from the tower. However, these powders are recovered by the cyclone 15 and. carried by the air current in the conduit 18. are returned into the drying tower 1.
  • the lower end of conduit 18 may be connected to the cold air feed means ll or it may be connected directly to a blower adapted to supply atmosphere under pressure.
  • the thoroughly dried and cooled powders which are accumulated in the lower portion of the. tower are discharged into a container 19 or to a product conveying means.
  • Drying tower Height of cylindrical part lSm. Diameter of cylindrical part 5.5m. Height of conical shaped part 6.5m.
  • Pressure nozzle Number of nozslc 1 Pressure applied l'iOlrg/cm'. Spray capacity 5.000kg./hr. Size of psrlicls 140 15 Temperature of hot air injected L 0 (2. Temperature of cold air injected 20 C. (50 percent R.H.) Tcmpsrature otintennsdiary exhausted nlr lid-8ST.
  • the spray angle of the fine particles emitted by the nozzle was about and the diameter of particles was relatively settled in spite of the extremely low coefficient of discharge.
  • the time required for the particles, carried by the hot air. to reach the interface was 2-3 seconds.
  • the amount of powders exhausted out of the drying tower together with the air current through the exhaust duct was in the order of 20 percent.
  • the thus exhausted powder millt was separated in the cyclone and recirculated into the tower with the cold air.
  • the powder milk arriving at the conical-shaped part fell smoothly along the inner wall of the tower without any formation of lumps and there was no formation of 5 deteriorated powder milk or lumped powders.
  • solubility of the product obtained was excellent and wettability was also equal to that of the products obtained from the cold-drying process.
  • a spray-drying apparatus for milk and the like comprising a drying tower consisting of a cylindrical upper portion and an inverted conical lower portion, hot air feeding means connected to the upper portion of said tower to supply hot air into said drying tower, dry cold air feeding means connected to the lower portion of said drying tower to supply dehumidified cold air into said tower, said cold air feeding means including separate branch conduits for supplying said cold air at upper and lower levels of the tower wall in said inverted conical portion, means disposed at the junction of said cylindrical portion and said inverted conical portion where said supplies of hot and cold air contact each other in said drying tower to exhaust the blended air of said hot and cold airs from said tower, a pressure spray nozzle mounted in the upper portion of said tower, a discharging port for a dry powder product disposed in the lower portion of said tower, and circulating means for returning the powder discharged through said exhausting means into the lower portion of said tower.
  • a spray-drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said pressure spray nozzle is a single-high-pressure nozzle for spraying the milk or the like with a low coefficient of discharge.
  • a spray-drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circulating means includes a cyclone separating the powder and returning the same to the lower tower portion, the air being exhausted from the cyclone to the atmosphere.
  • a spray-drying apparatus wherein the powder separated in said cyclone is fed to the cold air feeding means.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Dairy Products (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
US820920A 1968-05-06 1969-05-01 Apparatus for spray drying milk and the like Expired - Lifetime US3596699A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3019968 1968-05-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3596699A true US3596699A (en) 1971-08-03

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US820920A Expired - Lifetime US3596699A (en) 1968-05-06 1969-05-01 Apparatus for spray drying milk and the like

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3596699A (de)
DE (1) DE1922608C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2009857A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1257989A (de)
NL (1) NL6906107A (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4198264A (en) * 1976-11-13 1980-04-15 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process and apparatus for spray drying or spray cooling
WO1990002914A1 (en) * 1988-09-02 1990-03-22 Damrow Company, Inc. Spray drying apparatus
US5032222A (en) * 1987-07-03 1991-07-16 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Spray drier for the preparation of powders, agglomerates and the like
US5924216A (en) * 1996-07-11 1999-07-20 Powdering Japan, K.K. Two-stage drying spray dryer
CN101919443B (zh) * 2009-12-31 2012-06-27 杭志奇 吸收式低温干燥塔
CN108144316A (zh) * 2018-02-27 2018-06-12 沈阳味丹生物科技有限公司 一种新型雾化干燥成套设备
CN114570044A (zh) * 2022-03-05 2022-06-03 南通福尔生物制品有限公司 一种蚕蛹免疫g型蛋白的蛋白粉加工用的喷雾干燥设备

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2352894B2 (de) * 1973-10-22 1981-04-16 Aktieselskabet Niro Atomizer, Soeborg Verfahren zur Herstellung von Pulver aus Milch oder ähnlichen Flüssigkeiten
DE4321361A1 (de) * 1993-06-26 1995-01-05 Henkel Kgaa Trocknung von wasserhaltigen Wertstoffen oder Wertstoffgemischen mit überhitztem Wasserdampf
IT1295225B1 (it) * 1997-10-14 1999-05-04 Magneti Marelli Spa Metodo ed impianto per la produzione di grani di sale aventi dimensioni granulometriche prefissate.
IT1295226B1 (it) 1997-10-14 1999-05-04 Magneti Marelli Spa Impianto per la produzione di manufatti pressocolati o stampati ad iniezione impiegando anime in sale.

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1632959A (en) * 1923-12-31 1927-06-21 Gartner Richard Hans Method for removing tetranitromethane from trinitrotoluene
US1829477A (en) * 1925-12-30 1931-10-27 Douthitt Frank Howard Process of and apparatus for drying liquids
US2612266A (en) * 1945-10-11 1952-09-30 Colgate Palmolive Peet Co Cooling of sprayed products
DE932479C (de) * 1948-10-02 1955-09-01 Ernst Lucke Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen und Kuehlen zerstaeubten Gutes im freien Fallmittels klimatisierter Gase
US2842193A (en) * 1951-12-18 1958-07-08 Ballestra Mario Spray drying process and apparatus

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB260453A (en) * 1926-01-18 1926-11-04 Frank Howard Douthitt Methods and apparatus for drying liquids of various kinds
BE507042A (de) * 1950-11-10

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1632959A (en) * 1923-12-31 1927-06-21 Gartner Richard Hans Method for removing tetranitromethane from trinitrotoluene
US1829477A (en) * 1925-12-30 1931-10-27 Douthitt Frank Howard Process of and apparatus for drying liquids
US2612266A (en) * 1945-10-11 1952-09-30 Colgate Palmolive Peet Co Cooling of sprayed products
DE932479C (de) * 1948-10-02 1955-09-01 Ernst Lucke Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen und Kuehlen zerstaeubten Gutes im freien Fallmittels klimatisierter Gase
US2842193A (en) * 1951-12-18 1958-07-08 Ballestra Mario Spray drying process and apparatus

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4198264A (en) * 1976-11-13 1980-04-15 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process and apparatus for spray drying or spray cooling
US5032222A (en) * 1987-07-03 1991-07-16 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Spray drier for the preparation of powders, agglomerates and the like
WO1990002914A1 (en) * 1988-09-02 1990-03-22 Damrow Company, Inc. Spray drying apparatus
US5139612A (en) * 1988-09-02 1992-08-18 Damrow Company, Inc. Spray drying apparatus
US5924216A (en) * 1996-07-11 1999-07-20 Powdering Japan, K.K. Two-stage drying spray dryer
CN101919443B (zh) * 2009-12-31 2012-06-27 杭志奇 吸收式低温干燥塔
CN108144316A (zh) * 2018-02-27 2018-06-12 沈阳味丹生物科技有限公司 一种新型雾化干燥成套设备
CN114570044A (zh) * 2022-03-05 2022-06-03 南通福尔生物制品有限公司 一种蚕蛹免疫g型蛋白的蛋白粉加工用的喷雾干燥设备
CN114570044B (zh) * 2022-03-05 2023-09-26 南通福尔生物制品有限公司 一种蚕蛹免疫g型蛋白的蛋白粉加工用的喷雾干燥设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1922608A1 (de) 1969-11-13
FR2009857A1 (fr) 1970-02-13
DE1922608B2 (de) 1977-05-12
NL6906107A (de) 1969-11-10
DE1922608C3 (de) 1978-05-18
GB1257989A (de) 1971-12-22

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