US3592309A - Cyclically operable typewriter - Google Patents

Cyclically operable typewriter Download PDF

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Publication number
US3592309A
US3592309A US781790A US3592309DA US3592309A US 3592309 A US3592309 A US 3592309A US 781790 A US781790 A US 781790A US 3592309D A US3592309D A US 3592309DA US 3592309 A US3592309 A US 3592309A
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United States
Prior art keywords
drive shaft
secondary drive
pawl
shaft
typewriter
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Expired - Lifetime
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US781790A
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English (en)
Inventor
James A Craft
John O Schaefer
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J23/00—Power drives for actions or mechanisms
    • B41J23/02—Mechanical power drives
    • B41J23/04—Mechanical power drives with driven mechanism arranged to be clutched to continuously- operating power source
    • B41J23/08—Mechanical power drives with driven mechanism arranged to be clutched to continuously- operating power source by one-revolution or part-revolution clutches

Definitions

  • Ronald Cofiman ABSTRACT A typewriter constructed to operate in sequential cycles in performing both print and functional operations is provided with a normally engaged clutch operable to interrupt a print operation after its initiation whenever nonprinting functions are selected. Mechanism is provided for restoring the partially actuated print mechanism to a preset home position prior to initiation of a subsequent typewriter cycle.
  • typewriters in a sequential manner, but at rates that are convenient and comfortable for them. Character sequences and character function combinations are often selected by operators at rates that exceed the capabilities of the machine.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,086,635 discloses a keyboard construction for interlocking a large plurality of keys by means of a sequence discriminating ball interlock, a keystroke storage device, and a sequence cycle timing device which cooperate to generate properly timed output control information from random rate keystrokes.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 2,879,876 discloses a typewriter having a power driven keyboard for controlling both printing operations and ancillary operations such as space, shift, and carrier return in a sequential cyclical manner.
  • the powered keyboard operates on a keyboard cycle to generate sequential information.
  • the sequential information then is directed to either a separately cycled printing mechanism or to separately cycled operational mechanisms.
  • our invention takes advantage of a fully interlocked powered keyboard for character and functional operations without the out-of-phase exposure inherent in the independent keyboard and output cyclic mechanisms.
  • the output mechanism for example a print drive shaft
  • the output mechanism begins its cyclic operation simultaneously with the powered keyboard.
  • the keyboard reaches its information output state, a decision is made as to whether a print operation or an ancillary nonprint operation is required. If a print operation has been selected, the print shaft continues through a cycle which terminates simultaneously with the keyboard cycle. On the other hand, if an ancillary function had been selected, the print shaft cycle is interrupted and the print shaft is restored to a home position. In either event, the print shaft is always in phase with the keyboard cycle at the beginning of any keyboard operation.
  • a normally engaged dog clutch for interrupting the print shaft operation when required.
  • a displaceable abutment is employed to selectively engage a control surface at a point in the machine cycle where a print or no-print decision is required. Engagement of the control surface with the abutment disengages the dog clutch to terminate motion of the print shaft.
  • a cam driven restore arm operating in time with the keyboard cycle, restores the print shaft and dog clutch to their home positions.
  • out invention prevents typing errors caused by the inadvertent initiation of a keyboard cycle wherein adequate information as to the function to be per formed is not properly defined.
  • the control abutment is normally positioned to terminate the point shaft operation and only properly defined keyboard information will'displace the abutment. Accordingly, a printing operation initiated by such an inadvertent keyboard cycle will be automatically terminated to avoid typing errors.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a typewriter constructed in accordance with out invention and illustrating the primary components thereof;
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a normally engaged dog clutch employed in a preferred embodiment of our invention
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary perspective view of one ancillary mechanism of the typewriter shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view of the typewriter shown in FIG. 1, illustrating a further ancillary mechanism thereof.
  • an office machine such as a typewriter 10 of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,9 l9,002 having a type element or impact printing member 11 cooperable with a paper holding platen 12.
  • Type element l l is supported by a carrier 13 that is displacable along the platen 12 for writing lines of characters.
  • the typewriter 10 includes a power operated keyboard or input operating mechanism 20 constructed generally like that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,086,635 for controlling the typewriter operations.
  • a normally disengaged selectively engageable cycle clutch l4 selectively connects continuously rotating power shaft 15 with a keyboard power member or filter shaft 21 through primary drive shaft 16 (see FIG. 2) and intermediate gears 17, 17a and 17b.
  • Primary drive shaft 16 is also connected to a secondary print operation drive shaft 18 through intermediate gears 17c, 17d and 17, and a normally engaged selectively effective power transmission or clutch 40 shown in detail in FIG. 2.
  • a typical keyboard key such as a print key 22 or spacebar key 23
  • tab 32 of the interposer 30 enters a displacement interlock 26 to prevent depression of any other'key of the keyboard 20 and a laterally extending cycle clutch bail or universal member 27 is depressed.
  • a cycle clutch latch 28 is thus released from keeper 28a to allow spring 28b to move transfer link 28c leftwardly thereby pulling cycle clutch latch 28d from control shoulder 14a of the cycle clutch 14 to initiate a typewriter cycle.
  • Engagement of the cycle clutch 14 commences rotation of keyboard filter shaft 21 and of print power shaft 18 through gearing described above.
  • Filter shaft 21 rotates counterclockwise to perform a keyboard operation by displacing the depressed interposer 30 leftwardly out of the interlock 26 from under the latch 25 and through an operating stroke.
  • the thus displaced interposer 30 moves selected ones of a plurality of encoding bails 33 as determined by its specific configuration of downward projections 34.
  • the bails 33 control a selector mechanism not shown herein but fully described in aforesaid U.S. Pat. No. 2,919,002 for positioning the type element 11 to normally select a character corresponding to the depressed key.
  • Leftward movementof an interposer 30 corresponding to any print character alsowill displace a print cycle select ball 35 by tab 36 to move a print transmission control abutment 50 to its broken line position as shown in FIG.
  • control abutment 50 when in its broken line position, permits a complete 360 rotation of print shaft 18.
  • a cam or print output operating mechanism 19 (see FIG. 2) is driven by shaft 18 to move the type element 11 through an impact stroke for performing a print operation.
  • bail 35 is not displaced by a tab 36, as may occur when a nonprint keyboard cycle such as word space is selected by an interposer that is configurated relative to bail by the absence of a tab 36, or as may occur by inadvertent engagement of clutch 14 without proper storage of an interposer 311, then abutment 50 will not be displaced to its broken line position and will be effective to interrupt rotation of print shaft 18, thereby preventing print impact between the type element 11 and the platen 12.
  • Normally engaged clutch includes a transmission clutch drive disc 41 and a pawl support disc 42 which are supported by the shaft 18 for rotation about a common axis.
  • Disc 41 is securely attached to a gear 43 that engages gear 170 and is rotatably mounted by bearing 44 for independent rotation relative to shaft 13.
  • a pawl plate 45 is pivotally mounted to the support disc 42 by a pin 46 and is carried on the shaft 18 by a guide slot or enlarged opening 450.
  • Pawl plate 45 includes a bent over tab, tooth or pawl 47 that is engageable with a slot or pawl receiving drive surface 48 concentric with the pivot axis defined by pin 46.
  • a coil spring 49 connected between the support disc 42 and pivot pin 46 normally urges pawl 47 into engagement with the slot 48 whereby shaft 18 will invariably be driven through at least a partial rotation upon rotation of shaft 16.
  • Pawl plate 45 a also includes an operating arm or control surface 51 (see also FIG. 1) that is engageable with the abutment 50 when it is positioned in its full line position, during rotation of print shaft 18. Engagement of surface 51 with abutment 50 causes the pawl plate 45 to pivot clockwise relative to shaft 18 and lift the pawl 47 from the slot 48 to sever the driving connection between gear 43 and the shaft 18.
  • a circumscribing leaf spring 52 surrounds the drive disc 42 and resiliently presents an end 52a to the control surface 51.
  • control surface 51 Upon striking the abutment 50, control surface 51 is driven relatively clockwise, in FIG. 2, as permitted by a slot 53, against the free spring end 520 which absorbs the abrupt shock by which shaft 13 is arrested.
  • a fail safe control plate 54 is provided as a backup control for the pawl 47.
  • Control plate 54 surrounds drive disc 41 and includes a first radially relieved arc portion 54a which permits the pawl 47 to be lifted from the slot 48 of drive disc 41 during the early portions of the typewriter cycle of operation.
  • Control disc 54 comprises a further are 5412 that closely encompasses the drive disc 48 to prevent outward movement of the pawl 47 from the slot 48 during latter portions of the typewriter cycle.
  • a ledge 54c connects the arcs 54a and 54b at a location that is spaced relative to the abutment 50 and the pawl 47 such that control surface 51 will reach abutment 50 just prior to the point in an operating cycle that pawl 47 passes the ledge 54c. It will be seen that a partial engagement of pawl 47 with slot 48 during the early portion of a cycle will cause pawl 47 to encounter ledge 54c to thereby pivot pawl plate 45 and completely disengage the clutch 40. If pawl 47 remains engaged as it passes ledge 540, the close fitting are 5411 of the control plate 54 will retain the pawl engaged throughout the remainder of the cycle.
  • a crank arm or pitman 55 is provided for this purpose.
  • Pitman 55 is pivotally connected to drive disc 42 by stud 56 and is longitudinally slidably guided on an idler shaft 57 for reciprocating movement.
  • a print shaft restore cam 58 rotates with idler shaft 57 during each cycle of operation and is capable of reciprocating pitman 55 by engagement with a follower stud 59 thereon. Normally, the tim ing of rotation of cam 58 and drive disc 42 is such that follower 59 does not encounter the cam 513. In the event rotation of drive disc 42 is interrupted, cam 58 encounters follower stud 59 and lifts pitman 55 to drive disc 42 counterclockwise to its home position.
  • typewriters are required to perform a number of ancillary functions such as word space, line feed, line return, tabulation and backspace. Keys such as spacebar key 23 and line feed key 29 (see FIG. 3) for selecting these functions can be incorporated into the keyboard 20 of my typewriter in a manner substantially identical with the print character keys.
  • FIG. 3 shows a typewriter line feed mechanism 611 as an example of an ancillary function mechanism.
  • the line feed mechanism 60 employs a feed pawl 61 that is engageable with a ratchet 62 connected with the platen 12.
  • Pawl 61 is pivoted to a pawl carrier bellcrank 63. Clockwise pivoting of bellcrank 63 brings pawl 61 into engagement with the ratchet 62 to drive it clockwise until the pawl 61 encounters a fixed stop 64.
  • the index or line feed keylever 29 is constructed similar to key 22 shown in FIG. '1 and operates an index control interposer 38 that is similar to interposer 3'! FIG. 1 with two primary exceptions.
  • lnterposer 38 has no projection adjacent print select control bail 35.
  • interposer 38 includes an elongated projection 39 that engages a transfer link 65 upon reciprocation, to drive the pawl carrier 63 through push rods 66, bellcrank 67 and push rod 68.
  • WORD SPACE As shown in FIG. 4, the ancillary function of lateral incremental spacing of the type element carrier 13 is performed under the control of an escapement mechanism 70.
  • a pawl 71 is pivotally carried by a plate 72 on the carrier 13 by a stud 73 that rides in a pawl slot 74.
  • a torque bar 75 extends laterally across the width of the typewriter and engages a downwardly extending tab 76 of the escapement pawl 71.
  • Carrier 13 is normally urged to the right by a clock spring (not shown) which motion is resisted by the pawl 71.
  • a trigger device 80 is operated by a cam follower to pivot the torque bar 75 about its axis 81 to lift the pawl 71 from the teeth of an escapement rack 77.
  • Trigger 80 When lifted, the pawl '71 is moved rightwardly to the limit of slot 74 by a pawl bias spring 78. Trigger 80 abruptly releases torque bar 75 permitting it to restore and permitting reentry of pawl 71 into the teeth of rack 77. Carrier 13 thus comes to rest in a position controlled by the next adjacent tooth of the rack 77.
  • trigger 80 employs a carrier bellcrank 91 that is pivoted to the typewriter frame about a stud 92 and is normally urged in a counterclockwise direction by a spring 93.
  • a trigger pawl 32 is pivoted about a stud axis 33 to the bellcrank 91 and includes a tooth 84 for engaging a cooperating 88 encountering frame mounted stud 89.
  • Bellcrank 91 is con- 5 nectedio cam follower mounted stud 89.
  • Bellcrank 91 is connected to cam follower 90 by a tie rod 95
  • Cam follower 90 engages an escapement control cam 96 that rotates with the filter shaft 21 during each typewriter operating cycle since normally, it is desired that each print operation be accompanied by a letter space movement of the carrier 13,
  • lnterword spacing is achieved in my invention by providing the keyboard spacebar 23 with an interposer (not shown) similar to interposer 30, but lacking the projection 36. As described above, the absence of projection 36 on the interposer is responded to by abutment 50 remaining in its full line position during the cycle thereby terminating rotation of the print shaft 18. Accordingly, rotation of filter shaft 21 and cam 96 will produce a letter feed operation of escapement pawl 71 but type element 11 will not strike platen 12.
  • a machine for performing sequen tially effective interrelatecl functions comprising a continuously rotating power shaft; a primary drive shaft; a normally disengaged, selectively engageable, fixed increment clutch for selectively connecting said power shaft to said primary drive shaft; first operating mechanism operatively connected with said primary drive shaft for selectively performing a plurality of first operations of the machine upon rotation of said primary drive shaft; a secondary drive shaft; and a second operating mechanism connected with said secondary drive shaft for performing a further operation of said machine upon rotation of said secondary drive shaft through a fixed angle; wherein in the improve-.
  • ment comprises: a
  • a primary drive shaft a normally disengaged, selectively engageable, fixed increment clutch for connecting said power shaft to said primary drive shaft; a keyboard including a first plurality of depressable type keys for selecting print operations of said typewriter and at least one depressable function key for selecting an ancillary typewriter function; a secondary drive shaft; and an impact member connected with said secondary drive shaft for printing upon rotation of said secondary drive shaft through a fixed angle; wherein the improvement comprises:
  • control member having a first operating position for controlling said power transmission to render said interconnection ineffective and a second operating position
  • interposers and said bail being mutually configurated for differential intercooperation whereby said control member is positioned in said second position by said bail whenever an interposer associated with a type key is driven through its operating stroke and said control member is positioned by said bail in its first position whenever the interposer associated with said function key is driven through its operating stroke.
  • a typewriter as defined in claim 3 wherein the improve merit further comprises means biasing said controlhiember to said first o erating position 5.
  • Apparatus as defined in any ofclaims 1, 2, 3, or 4 wherein said selectively effective power transmission comprises:
  • said first transmission clutch element having a drive surface thereon for receiving said pawl, said drive surface being substantially concentric with said second axis when engaged by said pawl, and
  • an operating arm connected to said pawl for moving said pawl about said second axis to a position of nonengagement with said drive surface.
  • crank arm operatively connected to said secondary drive shaft, and 1 means driven by said primary drive shaft for restoring said secondary drive shaft to its home position through said crank arm.
  • crank arm operatively connected to said secondary drive shaft

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  • Common Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Character Spaces And Line Spaces In Printers (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
US781790A 1968-12-06 1968-12-06 Cyclically operable typewriter Expired - Lifetime US3592309A (en)

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US78179068A 1968-12-06 1968-12-06

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US3592309A true US3592309A (en) 1971-07-13

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US781790A Expired - Lifetime US3592309A (en) 1968-12-06 1968-12-06 Cyclically operable typewriter

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US (1) US3592309A (de)
JP (1) JPS4833215B1 (de)
DE (1) DE1961186A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2027578A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1222470A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3726380A (en) * 1971-03-25 1973-04-10 Dymo Industries Inc Card embossing apparatus
US3756285A (en) * 1970-10-22 1973-09-04 Secr Defence Fluid flow control apparatus
US4027763A (en) * 1973-12-14 1977-06-07 Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.P.A. Keyboard for office machines
US4445798A (en) * 1980-02-15 1984-05-01 Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. Serial printer with a linear motor printer carriage
US4462709A (en) * 1980-07-16 1984-07-31 Tokyo Juki Industrial Co., Ltd. Type carrier return and platen line space device for typewriters

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2281775A (en) * 1938-09-13 1942-05-05 Western Union Telegraph Co Telegraph printer
US2879876A (en) * 1955-11-17 1959-03-31 Ibm Single element printing machine
US2919002A (en) * 1957-04-19 1959-12-29 Ibm Selection mechanism for a single printing element typewriter

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2281775A (en) * 1938-09-13 1942-05-05 Western Union Telegraph Co Telegraph printer
US2879876A (en) * 1955-11-17 1959-03-31 Ibm Single element printing machine
US2919002A (en) * 1957-04-19 1959-12-29 Ibm Selection mechanism for a single printing element typewriter

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3756285A (en) * 1970-10-22 1973-09-04 Secr Defence Fluid flow control apparatus
US3726380A (en) * 1971-03-25 1973-04-10 Dymo Industries Inc Card embossing apparatus
US4027763A (en) * 1973-12-14 1977-06-07 Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.P.A. Keyboard for office machines
US4445798A (en) * 1980-02-15 1984-05-01 Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. Serial printer with a linear motor printer carriage
US4462709A (en) * 1980-07-16 1984-07-31 Tokyo Juki Industrial Co., Ltd. Type carrier return and platen line space device for typewriters

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Publication number Publication date
FR2027578A1 (de) 1970-10-02
JPS4833215B1 (de) 1973-10-12
GB1222470A (en) 1971-02-17
DE1961186A1 (de) 1970-07-09

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