US3590177A - Limit switch - Google Patents

Limit switch Download PDF

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Publication number
US3590177A
US3590177A US833018A US3590177DA US3590177A US 3590177 A US3590177 A US 3590177A US 833018 A US833018 A US 833018A US 3590177D A US3590177D A US 3590177DA US 3590177 A US3590177 A US 3590177A
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United States
Prior art keywords
housing
switch
actuating
actuating member
plunger
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US833018A
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English (en)
Inventor
Martin D Ustin
Edward W Baumgartner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Buchanan Electrical Products Corp
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Buchanan Electrical Products Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H21/00—Switches operated by an operating part in the form of a pivotable member acted upon directly by a solid body, e.g. by a hand
    • H01H21/02—Details
    • H01H21/18—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H01H21/22—Operating parts, e.g. handle
    • H01H21/24—Operating parts, e.g. handle biased to return to normal position upon removal of operating force
    • H01H21/28—Operating parts, e.g. handle biased to return to normal position upon removal of operating force adapted for actuation at a limit or other predetermined position in the path of a body, the relative movement of switch and body being primarily for a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. door switch, limit switch, floor-levelling switch of a lift
    • H01H21/285—Operating parts, e.g. handle biased to return to normal position upon removal of operating force adapted for actuation at a limit or other predetermined position in the path of a body, the relative movement of switch and body being primarily for a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. door switch, limit switch, floor-levelling switch of a lift having an operating arm actuated by the movement of the body and mounted on an axis converting its rotating movement into a rectilinear switch activating movement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H21/00—Switches operated by an operating part in the form of a pivotable member acted upon directly by a solid body, e.g. by a hand
    • H01H21/02—Details
    • H01H21/18—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H01H21/22—Operating parts, e.g. handle
    • H01H21/24—Operating parts, e.g. handle biased to return to normal position upon removal of operating force
    • H01H21/28—Operating parts, e.g. handle biased to return to normal position upon removal of operating force adapted for actuation at a limit or other predetermined position in the path of a body, the relative movement of switch and body being primarily for a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. door switch, limit switch, floor-levelling switch of a lift
    • H01H2021/287—Operating parts, e.g. handle biased to return to normal position upon removal of operating force adapted for actuation at a limit or other predetermined position in the path of a body, the relative movement of switch and body being primarily for a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. door switch, limit switch, floor-levelling switch of a lift with adjustable head, e.g. the actuator head can have different positions in relation to the limit switch itself

Definitions

  • LIMIT SWITCH This invention relates to electrical switches, and particularly to electrical limit switches.
  • a limit switch typically is used to stop a mechanical movement by turning off the energization to a drive motor which is causing the movement.
  • the switch often is positioned near a machine to limit the movement of a cutting tool.
  • the limit switch usually has an actuating arm or plunger with a roller on it. When a machine component contacts the roller and depresses the plunger or rotates the arm, this mechanical movement opens or closes an electrical switch so as to stop or limit the movement of the machine component.
  • a limit switch in which the actuating head is secured to the housing.
  • Electrical switches are mounted in the housing, without fasteners, by means of a removable support structure.
  • Eccentric adjustment members which are accessible from a front opening in the housing are provided for adjusting the amount of pretravel of the switch actuating mechanism.
  • a wiring and terminal block is provided for mounting the switches and for easily connecting wires thereto. 7
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a partially schematic cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a partially cross-sectional view of a component of the switching device shown in FIGS. I and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a partially cross-sectional view of a component of a device shown in FIGS. I through 3;
  • FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 are cross-sectional views of the actuating heads of three further embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a component of one embodiment of the invention.
  • the limit switch device 10 includes a housing 12, a turret or actuating head 14 rotatably mounted on the housing 12, and an arm 18 with a roller 20 at one end.
  • the arm 18 is secured to a shaft 16 which is rotatably mounted in the turret I4. Rotation of the shaft 16 by means of the arm 18 causes a plunger 50 (FIG. 2) to be depressed.
  • Two electrical switches 22 and 24 are mounted in the housing 12 and are positioned (See FIG. 2) so that when the plunger 50 is depressed downwardly, it depresses a switch-actuating member 36 which in turn depresses switch buttons 25 on the switches 22 and 24, thus actuating the switches.
  • Wires 34 enter the bottom of the housing through a conduit 35 and are connected to a terminal block 26 which is mounted in the housing 12.
  • Each switch has four blade-shaped electrical contacts 23 which fit into receptacles in the terminal block 26 and thus are connected to the wires 34, and thence to a control circuit (not shown) to limit the motion of the object which hits the arm 18, or to perform other control functions.
  • the turret 14 is made in two halves 60 and 62 which are fastened together by means of a pair of screws 65 (see FIG. 1 As is shown in FIG. 2, the turret 14 can be rotated to any position within a full circle by means of a worm 58 which meshes with gear teeth 59 cut into the lower edge of the generally cylindrically shaped turret 14. By turning the worm 58 with a screwdriver, the rotary position of the turret 14 can be adjusted as desired so as to accommodate the limit switch to actuation in a multitude of different positions.
  • the actuating mechanism can be adjusted to operate in three different modes; only with clockwise motion of the arm 18, or only with counterclockwise motion, or with both clockwise and counterclockwise motion of the arm 18. Adjustment to one or the other of these modes is effected by first lifting a flexible protective covering 44, and then depressing a spring-loaded plunger 46 (with a screwdriver or the like) so as to disengage a latch member 47 from one of three notches 48 which normally holds the shaft 16 in a particular longitudinal position. Then, the shaft 16 is either pulled or pushed longitudinally to a new position, the plunger 46 is released, and the spring return for the latch member 47 engages it in a different notch 48.
  • a spring-loaded plunger 46 with a screwdriver or the like
  • Two mirror-image cams 40 and 42 are attached to the shaft 16.
  • a roller 52 is attached to the upper end of plunger 50.
  • the cams 40 and 42 are shaped so that when the shaft 16 is in its rest position, neither cam depresses the roller. However, when the latch member 47 is in the middle one of the three notches 48, rotation of the arm 18 in either the clockwise or counterclockwise direction will cause one of the cams 40 or 42 to engage the roller 52, thus causing depression of the plunger 50 and actuation of the switches 22 and 24.
  • a member 54 with a flat lower surface bears against a flat cutout portion in the shaft 16 under the pressure of a pair of coil springs 56. This provides means for returning the arm 18 to its initial rest position.
  • Each of the actuating buttons 25 of the switches 22 and 24 is spring-loaded, and this spring loading returns the plunger 50 to its uppermost position when the switch actuation movement is completed. Further details regarding the operation of this mechanism are given in application Ser. No. 567,172 filed on July 22, 1966, and assigned to the same assignee as this patent application. The disclosure of that patent application hereby is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the surfaces of the body 36 which bear against the mating edges of the projections 37 and 39 are serrated as shown-at 43 in FIG. 3.
  • the projections 37 and 39 have two teeth which engage the serrations in order to provide means for'holding the projection 37 or 39 in a position to which it is moved.
  • the body of member 36 preferably is made out of an insulating plastic material such as nylon, and the projections 37 and 39 advantageously are made out of another insulating material suchas that sold under the trademark -Delrin.”
  • an insulating cover 28 fits into the housing to cover the terminal block and to assist in supporting the switches 22 and 24 in the housing 12.
  • a cover 30 and a gasket 32 are secured to the housing by means of screws 31 to provide an oiltight cover for the housing.
  • the terminal cover 28 is used to assist in supporting the electrical switches 22 and 24, as well asto cover the terminal block ridge 69 around the edges of the locations of the switches helps to insulate the switches.
  • the terminal block 26 includes a body 73 made of nonconductive material such as plastic in which are mounted several short tubes 74 having a rectangular crosssectional shape. These tubes are made out of a conductive metal such as copper. Fitted into one sidewall of each tube 74 is a screw 76. Screw 76 has an enlarged inner end 80 which bears against the bare end of one of the wires 34 so as to hold the wire in place and in contact with the metal tube 74. A conductive spring metal clip 82 engages the outside of each tube 74. Each member 82 has a curved portion 75 which acts to hold one of the blades 23 in contact with one of the tubes 74.
  • the switch when one of the blades is inserted through the holes 72 in the terminal block cover 28, the switch is supported at two points; at the point where it contacts the material of the cover plate 28, and also at the point where the blade makes contact with the clip 82 and one of the metal tubes 74.
  • mounting means on the housing 12 or cover 30 are not required.
  • the foregoing arrangement is particularly simple to use and convenient in that the wires 34 can be connected to the terminal block simply by inserting their ends in the tubes 74 and tightening the screws 76.
  • the spring ,clips 82 provide an easy and simple means of simultaneously supporting the switches and making electricalcontact between the wires 34 and the switch blades 23.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that the amount of pretravel of the switch easily can be adjusted by simply removing the cover 30, inserting a screwdriver into the slots in the heads of the projections 37 and 39, and then turnthem with other switches. No tools are necessary. Screws and bolts are not needed to hold the switches in place.
  • FIG. 5 shows the actuating head or turret of another limit switch constructed in accordance with the present inven tion. The remainder of this limit switch is the same as is shown in FIGS. 1 through 4 andis not shown in FIG. 5 for the sake of simplicity in the drawings.
  • the turret 100 is formed of two halves 101 and 103, and has a shaft 102 slidably mounted in the turret and extending in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the plunger 50.
  • the shaft 102 has a groove 104 into which is fitted a retaining ring 108.
  • Shaft 102 has a section 109 with two flats cut on it, and a cylindrical right end portion 111 of a diameter smaller than that of the left end.
  • a spring retainer cup with a rectangular external shape fits onto the flats of section 109, and a coil spring 112 fits into the cup and thrusts the cup against the retaining ring 108.
  • the ring 108 abuts a ridge 106 to stop its movement towards the left.
  • the cup 110 has a beveled edge 116 which abuts the beveled edge of a cam 118 fastened to the upper end of plunger 50.
  • the shaft 102 slides in bearings 105 and 114, and the beveled edge 116 forces the cam 118 and slides plunger 50 downwardly in bearing 120 to operate the switches.
  • Two of the edges of the cup are beveled as shown at 1 16 in order to facilitate the use of a roller on the end of shaft 102.
  • the turret 100 is rotatable so that it can be actuated from many different directions.
  • the internal shape of the turret is such that it engages the rectangularly-shaped outside of cup member 110 to keep it from rotating in the turret.
  • FIG. 6 shows the turret of another embodiment of the invention. Again, as in FIG. '5, the remainder of the limit switch is not shown in order to simplify the drawings.
  • the turret 130 has two halves 132 and 134, and has a depressable actuating button 136 extending vertically from its top.
  • the lower portion of button 136 is secured to a spring retainer cup 138, which is functionally similar to the cup 110 shown in FIG. 5.
  • a coil spring 140 fits into the cup 138.
  • the external shape of the cup is such that it will not rotate in the housing.
  • the plunger 50 has a reduced cross section with spring retainer cups 146 and 148 and a small coil spring 150 surrounding the reduced portion of the plunger.
  • the top portion of the plunger fits into a hole 144 in the bottom portion of the button 136.
  • the spring 140 When the button 136 is depressed, the spring 140 is compressed and the plunger 50 is depressed until the switches have been actuated. Shortly thereafter, the bottom retainer 148 for the small spring hits the inside bottom wall of the housing 134. From then on, further depression of the button 136 does notdepress the plunger 50 any further; instead, the spring 150 compresses and the top 145 of plunger 50 moves up into the hole 144. Thus, the motion of the plunger 50 is limited to that necessary to actuate the switches.
  • FIG. 7 shows the turret of another switch embodiment of the present invention. Its operation is the same as that of the switch shown in FIG. 6, except that a universal" actuating lever 166 replaces the button 136.
  • Lever 166 is secured to a hemispherical member 168 which is movably mounted in a bearing structure 170.
  • a cover 172 made of rubber, flexible plastic or other. suitable flexible material is fitted around the ball joint and the lever 166.
  • the lever 166 When the lever 166 is pushed from the side, it pivots about the ball joint and the lower edge of the hemisphere 168 depresses a ring 169 which depresses the cup 138 to push the plunger 50 downwardly and actuate the switches in the housing, as in the FIG. 6 embodiment.
  • the lever 166 can be actuated from almost any direction. Two of the positions to which it can be shifted are shown in dashed outline in FIG. 7.
  • ROLLERS Another advantageous feature of the invention is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the roller 20 is fastened to the arm 18 by means of a self-tapping screw 21.
  • the user of the'limit switch can select among a number of different roller sizes and types and can attach the roller himself.
  • the roller 200 is composed of an inner core 206 made of a plastic such as Nylon, and an outer metal ring 204 tightly fitted onto the core.
  • the core 206 is rotatably mounted on a hub 202 extending from the actuating arm 18.
  • a screw 208 is threaded intoa hole in the hub 202 to hold the roller 200 in place.
  • the nylon core can be used alone as a roller, or, if a harder surface or a larger diameter is required, the user can add the ring 204 to the core 206.
  • the composite roller 200 is lighter than would be a solid metal roller of the same size.
  • An electrical limit switch device comprising a housing adapted to be mounted on a support structure, a removable cover for said housing, an electrical switch having contact projections, an actuating member in said housing for actuating said switch in response to being driven by an actuating motion, wiring terminal means in said housing, and switch support means for selectively insulating said switch from said terminal means for supporting said switch with its contact projections engaging said terminal means with said switch in position to be actuated by movement of said actuating member, said support means being removable from said housing and separate from said cover.
  • said switch support means includes an insulating plate with apertures through which said projections extend and a ledge for supporting said switch against the force of said actuating member, and resilient gripping means in said terminal means.
  • An electrical limit switch device comprising a housing adapted to be mounted on a support structure, an electrical switch in said housing, an actuating member in said housing for actuating said switch in response to being driven by an actuating motion, means for adjusting the length of travel of said actuating member before it actuates said switch, said means including a rotatable spacer member on said actuating member, said spacer member being assymetiic about its axis of rotation to provide different amounts of spacing in different ones of its rotational positions.
  • Apparatus as in claim 4 including a removable coverfor said housing, said rotatable spacer member having a head shaped to receive a rotary driving tool, said spacer member being positioned to be drivable by such a tool when the latter is inserted through the opening in said housing which is left when said cover is removed.
  • An electrical limit switch device comprising a housing adapted to be mounted on a support structure, an electrical switch having contact projections, wiring terminal means in said housing, said wiring terminal means having a plurality of conductive tubular members, a clamping member extending into each such tube through a sidewall of said tube to grip a wire therein, a conductive spring clip around the outside of each such tubular member, with said contact projections of said switches being clamped between said clips and said tubular members.
  • each of said tubular members has a rectangular cross-sectional shape.
  • Apparatus as in claim 7 including a removable cover for said housing, and in which said clamping member comprises a threaded screw, and driving tool-engaging means in the head of said screw, with said screw head facing towards said cover.
  • Apparatus as in claim 1 including an arm secured to a shaft, a turret rotatably mounted on said housing, with said shaft rotatably mounted in said turret, and means drivably coupling said shaft to said actuating member.
  • An electrical limit switch device comprising a housing, a turret rotatably mounted on said housing, a worm and mating gear engaged together to rotate said turret with respect to said housing, an electrical switch in said housing, an actuating member in said housing for actuating said switch in response to being driven by an actuating motion, a push member extending out from said turret and depressable to move said actuating member, and spring return means for said push member.
  • Apparatus as in claim 11 in which said push member is mounted to move in a direction perpendicular to the direction of motion of said actuating member, and including cam means for drivably coupling said push member to said actuating member.
  • Apparatus as in claim 11 including additional spring means for limiting the movement of said actuating member to a predetermined distance without so limiting the movement of said plunger.
  • An electrical limit switch device comprising a housing, a member extending out of said housing and engageable to actuate a switch in said housing, spring return means for returning said member to its disengaged position, a plunger drivable by said member to actuate said switch, and spring means for limiting the movement of said plunger to a predetermined distance without so limiting the movement of said member.
  • Apparatus as in claim 5 including a plurality of said switches, and a plurality of said contact members on said actuating member, there being one contact member per switch.
  • An electrical limit switch device comprising a housing adapted to be mounted on a support structure, a removable cover for said housing, an electrical switch having contact projections, an actuating member in said housing for actuating said switch in response to being driven by an actuating motion, wiring terminal means in said housing, switch support means removable from said housing and separate from said cover for supporting said switch with its contact projections engaging said terminal means with said switch in position to be actuated by movement of said actuating member, an arm secured to a shaft, a turret rotatably mounted on said housing, with said shaft rotatably mounted in said turret, means drivably coupling said shaft to said actuating member, a roller on said arm, said roller having a nonmetallic core fitted into a metallic ring, said ring forming the outer periphery of said roller.
  • the external dimensions of said support member being smaller than the internal dimensions of said housing by a relatively small amount so that said support member fits into and supports itself in said housing, said support member having means for supporting said switch with'its contact projections engaging said terminal means with said-switch in position to be actuated by movement of said actuating member.
  • a limit switch as in claim 21 in which said support member comprises an insulating plate with apertures through which said projections extend and a ledge for supporting said switch against the force of said actuating member, and resilient gripping means in said terminal means.
  • a limit switch as in claim in which the movementlimiting spring means includes a compression spring extending around said plunger, a pair of abutments on said plunger for limiting the expansion of said compression spring, and means for normally holding one end of said compression spring against said member with the other end spaced from a stop structure by a predetermined distance, both ends of said compression spring being free to move on said plunger during compression of said spring.

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  • Rotary Switch, Piano Key Switch, And Lever Switch (AREA)
  • Connections Arranged To Contact A Plurality Of Conductors (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
US833018A 1969-06-13 1969-06-13 Limit switch Expired - Lifetime US3590177A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US83301869A 1969-06-13 1969-06-13

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US3590177A true US3590177A (en) 1971-06-29

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US833018A Expired - Lifetime US3590177A (en) 1969-06-13 1969-06-13 Limit switch

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US (1) US3590177A (fr)
AU (1) AU1632070A (fr)
BE (1) BE751986A (fr)
DE (1) DE2029110A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2052550A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1312667A (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3882290A (en) * 1973-07-12 1975-05-06 Cutler Hammer Inc Multipole limit switch with an angularly resettable operating head
US4326627A (en) * 1979-11-29 1982-04-27 Parker & Harper Mfg. Co. Limit switch for rotary control device
US5276299A (en) * 1991-11-05 1994-01-04 Otis Elevator Company Elevator limit switch
US6401908B1 (en) * 1996-12-30 2002-06-11 Outokumpu Oyj Apparatus for processing lumpy material
EP1302956A1 (fr) * 2001-10-15 2003-04-16 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Interrupteur, notamment de position, à tête orientable
US6664487B2 (en) * 2001-07-10 2003-12-16 Omron Corporation Limit switches
CN109036892A (zh) * 2018-07-20 2018-12-18 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 一种微动开关的行程保护机构
CN109216087A (zh) * 2018-10-22 2019-01-15 宁波万事达综研电气有限公司 一种旋转开关
US11447367B2 (en) 2019-09-12 2022-09-20 Tk Elevator Corporation Magnetic tape stabilizing systems

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57162219A (en) * 1981-03-30 1982-10-06 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co Holding type sealed switch

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3097271A (en) * 1960-04-25 1963-07-09 R B Denison Mfg Company Electric limit switch
US3257856A (en) * 1964-07-10 1966-06-28 Square D Co Operating mechanism
US3275764A (en) * 1964-06-05 1966-09-27 Square D Co Electric limit switch having a diagonally divided housing, a detachable actuator, and mechanisms for causing selected operation of a push button snap switch
US3287516A (en) * 1964-08-21 1966-11-22 Square D Co Explosion resistant limit switch
US3303298A (en) * 1965-06-04 1967-02-07 Nat Acme Co Indexable head switch
US3306997A (en) * 1965-05-06 1967-02-28 Franklin Electric Co Inc Limit switch control for a motor drive
US3317687A (en) * 1965-04-28 1967-05-02 Allen Bradley Co Manually resettable switch actuator

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3097271A (en) * 1960-04-25 1963-07-09 R B Denison Mfg Company Electric limit switch
US3275764A (en) * 1964-06-05 1966-09-27 Square D Co Electric limit switch having a diagonally divided housing, a detachable actuator, and mechanisms for causing selected operation of a push button snap switch
US3257856A (en) * 1964-07-10 1966-06-28 Square D Co Operating mechanism
US3287516A (en) * 1964-08-21 1966-11-22 Square D Co Explosion resistant limit switch
US3317687A (en) * 1965-04-28 1967-05-02 Allen Bradley Co Manually resettable switch actuator
US3306997A (en) * 1965-05-06 1967-02-28 Franklin Electric Co Inc Limit switch control for a motor drive
US3303298A (en) * 1965-06-04 1967-02-07 Nat Acme Co Indexable head switch

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3882290A (en) * 1973-07-12 1975-05-06 Cutler Hammer Inc Multipole limit switch with an angularly resettable operating head
US4326627A (en) * 1979-11-29 1982-04-27 Parker & Harper Mfg. Co. Limit switch for rotary control device
US5276299A (en) * 1991-11-05 1994-01-04 Otis Elevator Company Elevator limit switch
US6401908B1 (en) * 1996-12-30 2002-06-11 Outokumpu Oyj Apparatus for processing lumpy material
US6664487B2 (en) * 2001-07-10 2003-12-16 Omron Corporation Limit switches
US6627827B2 (en) 2001-10-15 2003-09-30 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Switch, particularly position switch, with a multi-directional head
FR2830981A1 (fr) * 2001-10-15 2003-04-18 Schneider Electric Ind Sa Interrupteur, notamment de position, a tete orientable
EP1302956A1 (fr) * 2001-10-15 2003-04-16 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Interrupteur, notamment de position, à tête orientable
CN100449664C (zh) * 2001-10-15 2009-01-07 施耐德电器工业公司 具有多方向头的开关
CN109036892A (zh) * 2018-07-20 2018-12-18 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 一种微动开关的行程保护机构
CN109216087A (zh) * 2018-10-22 2019-01-15 宁波万事达综研电气有限公司 一种旋转开关
CN109216087B (zh) * 2018-10-22 2024-02-06 宁波万事达综研电气有限公司 一种旋转开关
US11447367B2 (en) 2019-09-12 2022-09-20 Tk Elevator Corporation Magnetic tape stabilizing systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2052550A5 (fr) 1971-04-09
GB1312667A (en) 1973-04-04
BE751986A (fr) 1970-11-16
AU1632070A (en) 1971-12-16
DE2029110A1 (de) 1971-01-21

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