US3587467A - Delayed action detonator - Google Patents
Delayed action detonator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3587467A US3587467A US754115A US3587467DA US3587467A US 3587467 A US3587467 A US 3587467A US 754115 A US754115 A US 754115A US 3587467D A US3587467D A US 3587467DA US 3587467 A US3587467 A US 3587467A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- igniting
- charge
- delay
- detonator
- silicon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ti] Chemical compound [Si].[Ti] UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- UVGLBOPDEUYYCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon zirconium Chemical compound [Si].[Zr] UVGLBOPDEUYYCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
- F42B3/16—Pyrotechnic delay initiators
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A safe delayed action detonator having an igniter, a delay composition and at least a primary explosive where the igniter and the delay charge are mixtures of silicon [5 1] int. with either titanium, zirconium or both.
- a delayed action detonator is constructed according to the following principle; it contains an igniting charge, a delay composition, a primary explosive and a secondary explosive.
- the igniting charge is usually ignited by friction (friction cap) or electric current (bridge igniters, gap igniters, spark igniters).
- the flame thereby produced starts the burning of the time-delay charge.
- the latter then initiates a primary explosive which detonates the secondary explosive which is the actual charge that supplies the explosive force.
- the processes occurring both in the electric fuse head and in the delay composition are chemical reactions.
- the delay charges often involve a combustion process and such charges are often made of a mixture containing one component that contains oxygen and another component that reacts with oxygen.
- one aspect of this invention resides in the use of certain alloyable metals and for metalloids for the igniting and delay charges of a detonator.
- alloying heat is in the prior art.
- an electrical squib a small electrical igniting unit
- a powdered metal mixture of palladium and aluminum which performs the function of an electrical resistance wire (cf. electrical resistance wire delayed-action detonators) and of an igniting charge.
- the igniting and delay charges are made of a mixture silicon powder with titanium and/or zirconium powder with the silicon being present in proportion of about 5 to 35 weight percent.
- the mixtures according to the invention when sufficiently heated, enter into an alloy, whereupon so much alloying heat is released that the reaction (alloy formation) initiated in the igniting and delay charges formed by the said mixture reliably progresses.
- the initiator mate 1 consists of a silicon-titamum igniting charge. It is embedded in a cylindrical plastic plug 2 in such a manner that at one end only the head of the match assembly protrudes, while at the other ,end the igniting wires 3 emerge. At the igniting pellet end of the plastic plug, a metal cap 4 is closely fitted over the latter; this cap is also filled with the silicon-titanium mixture as an igniting charge 5, and is compressed with low pressure (approx.' 5,000 lb./in.") against the igniter pellet, so that the latter is well embedded in the charge.
- the delay charge 6, also consists of a silicon-titanium mixture. This charge is pressed in with increasing pressure up to 16,300 lb./in.”.
- suitable incendiary charges or explosives In the lower portion 7 of the metal cap 8 are contained suitable incendiary charges or explosives. A plastic plug 9 crimped with the cap assures a tight closure of the cap.
- the igniting pellet bridge wire made of materials which, like tungsten or molybdenum, have a sufficiently high melting point.
- copper wires can also be used, because when copper is used as the bridge wire, it forms an alloy with the silicon when heated. The alloying heat thereby produced suffices to initiate the intended alloying with the silicon with titanium or zirconium.
- the grain sizes of the metal powders amount to about 0.5 to 20' microns, and the surface area thereof is about 0.5 to 10 square meters per gram.
- a detonator containing an igniting charge, a delay charge, and at least one explosive; the improvement which comprises utilizing as said igniting charge and said delay charge an alloyable powder mixture consisting essentially of about 5 to 35 weight percent silicon and at least one member selected from the group consisting of titanium and zirconium.
- the improved detonator claimed in claim 1 having in addition bridge wire igniting wires selected from the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
Abstract
A SAFE DELAYED ACTION DETONATOR HAVING AN IGNITER, A DELAY COMPOSITION AND AT LEAST A PRIMARY EXPLOSIVE WHERE THE IGNITER AND THE DELAY CHARGE ARE MIXTURES OF SILICON WITH EITHER TITANIUM, ZIRCONIUM OR BOTH.
Description
United States Patent in entors lle lmllMellltl; [50] l49/l09; Hans Florin, 'lroisdorl. Germany 102/28 9888 wnnn /222 9000 4111.. S m .m T m mm m Tm mwm tAm .m now up" nnflp .H. s u n mm I m n HHr Ha nT m uu R e iai 8 .I a V n3 0 a rn WBSG "6928 VD N5566 9999 m Hnnnma n n mm m n 4434 545 ,J 5726 r ll 7866 m0 "w .3 I. 2233 HA y n a m r e G a" n 8 .m u G. m unwmm 99 9 lo 2 3 3 m 7A]. TA D 0. dc N m I" g w n .0 "a n AFPA P UM nu l URN. UB
[54] DELAYED ACTION DETONATOR 7 Claims, 1 Drawing Fig.
ABSTRACT: A safe delayed action detonator having an igniter, a delay composition and at least a primary explosive where the igniter and the delay charge are mixtures of silicon [5 1] int. with either titanium, zirconium or both.
lilllllllrl,
III/Ill!!!lllllllllllflflll/l/llhI4 IWIIIIIII PATENIED JUN28I97I I 3587;467
INVENTORS HELMUT MEN KE HANS FLORIN BY ATTORNEYS.
DELAYED ACTION DETONATOR This invention relates to detonator for explosives. It more particularly refers to a safer delayed action detonator. A delayed action detonator is constructed according to the following principle; it contains an igniting charge, a delay composition, a primary explosive and a secondary explosive. The igniting charge is usually ignited by friction (friction cap) or electric current (bridge igniters, gap igniters, spark igniters). The flame thereby produced starts the burning of the time-delay charge. The latter then initiates a primary explosive which detonates the secondary explosive which is the actual charge that supplies the explosive force. The processes occurring both in the electric fuse head and in the delay composition are chemical reactions. The delay charges often involve a combustion process and such charges are often made of a mixture containing one component that contains oxygen and another component that reacts with oxygen.
These prior art igniting and delay charges, however, have the following disadvantages: I
1. They do not have sufficient thermal stability, that ls, they are often stable only up to temperatures not exceeding 200C. During long storage, however, these temperature stability limits drop substantially, usually to below 100C. Often decompositions of the chemical compounds occur, which greatly modify the properties of the igniting and delay composition, and under certain circumstances render the charges completely useless.
2. The prior art igniting and delay charges are very sensitive to friction and shock. Therefore, danger is involved in manufacturing and handling them.
3. In many delayed-action detonators which contain the igniting and delay charges of the prior art, sensitivity to ignition by electrostatic charge is quite high.
It is an object of this invention to provide a novel igniting charge and delay charge which are not subject to the disadvantages set forth above.
It is another object of this invention to provide a novel igniting and delay charge which is not dependent upon combustion or chemical oxidation.
Other and additional objects of this invention will become apparent from a consideration of this entire specification including the claims and drawing hereof.
In accord with and fulfilling these objects, one aspect of this invention resides in the use of certain alloyable metals and for metalloids for the igniting and delay charges of a detonator.
The utilization of alloying heat is in the prior art. For example, in an electrical squib (a small electrical igniting unit), a powdered metal mixture of palladium and aluminum is used which performs the function of an electrical resistance wire (cf. electrical resistance wire delayed-action detonators) and of an igniting charge.
However, according to this invention the igniting and delay charges are made of a mixture silicon powder with titanium and/or zirconium powder with the silicon being present in proportion of about 5 to 35 weight percent.
The mixtures according to the invention, when sufficiently heated, enter into an alloy, whereupon so much alloying heat is released that the reaction (alloy formation) initiated in the igniting and delay charges formed by the said mixture reliably progresses.
Mixtures of silicon with titanium or zirconium have the advantage over palladium and aluminum mixtures that their eutectic points are higher, namely they are above l,300 C. for the above-stated weight ratios. This presents the advantage that accidental ignition cannot be so easily produced by electrostatic energies or by friction heat produced by shock or friction.
Furthermore, the silicon-titanium system at 11-17 kcal./gram atom, and the silicon-zirconium system at l2l9 kcal./gram atom, have alloying heats at a level that is probably not exceeded by any other systems.
The embodiment of this invention is shown in the accompanying drawing which is a vertical schematic section through adetonat or accordin to this invention.
The initiator mate 1 consists of a silicon-titamum igniting charge. It is embedded in a cylindrical plastic plug 2 in such a manner that at one end only the head of the match assembly protrudes, while at the other ,end the igniting wires 3 emerge. At the igniting pellet end of the plastic plug, a metal cap 4 is closely fitted over the latter; this cap is also filled with the silicon-titanium mixture as an igniting charge 5, and is compressed with low pressure (approx.' 5,000 lb./in.") against the igniter pellet, so that the latter is well embedded in the charge.
The delay charge 6, also consists of a silicon-titanium mixture. This charge is pressed in with increasing pressure up to 16,300 lb./in.". In the lower portion 7 of the metal cap 8 are contained suitable incendiary charges or explosives. A plastic plug 9 crimped with the cap assures a tight closure of the cap.
On account of the high eutectic point of the mixtures of silicon with titanium or zirconium, it is best to use in the igniting pellet bridge wire made of materials which, like tungsten or molybdenum, have a sufficiently high melting point.
However, copper wires can also be used, because when copper is used as the bridge wire, it forms an alloy with the silicon when heated. The alloying heat thereby produced suffices to initiate the intended alloying with the silicon with titanium or zirconium. The grain sizes of the metal powders amount to about 0.5 to 20' microns, and the surface area thereof is about 0.5 to 10 square meters per gram.
We claim:
1. In a detonator containing an igniting charge, a delay charge, and at least one explosive; the improvement which comprises utilizing as said igniting charge and said delay charge an alloyable powder mixture consisting essentially of about 5 to 35 weight percent silicon and at least one member selected from the group consisting of titanium and zirconium.
2. The improved detonator claimed in claim I wherein said powder mixture igniting charge is compressed to a lesser degree than said delay charge.
3. The improved detonator claimed in claim 1 wherein said metal powders have grain sizes of about 0.5 to 20 microns.
4. The improved detonator claimed in claim 3 wherein said metal powders have a surface area of about 0.5 to 10 square meters per gram.
5. The improved detonator claimed in claim 1 having in addition bridge wire igniting wires selected from the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum.
6. The improved detonator claimed in claim 1 having in addition bridge wire of copper alloyable with said silicon.
7. The improveddetonator claimed in claim 1 wherein said explosive consists of a primary and a secondary explosive.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DED0053872 | 1967-08-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3587467A true US3587467A (en) | 1971-06-28 |
Family
ID=7055314
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US754115A Expired - Lifetime US3587467A (en) | 1967-08-17 | 1968-08-16 | Delayed action detonator |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3587467A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE719493A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1576201A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1168419A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO118428B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4299168A (en) * | 1980-03-20 | 1981-11-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Resistance after firing protected electric match |
| US4402776A (en) * | 1980-08-22 | 1983-09-06 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Silicon-containing compositions for self-sustained intermetallic reactions |
| US4429632A (en) | 1981-04-27 | 1984-02-07 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. | Delay detonator |
| US6841015B1 (en) | 2003-10-09 | 2005-01-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Delay element and ignition composition |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3800455A1 (en) * | 1988-01-09 | 1989-07-20 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | IGNITION ELEMENT, PREFERABLY WITH A LONG DELAY TIME |
| TR23769A (en) * | 1989-11-20 | 1990-09-12 | Baykal Makina San Ve Tic A S | HYDRO-MECHANICAL BALANCING SYSTEM WITH MECHANICAL STOP AND REDUEKTOER THIN ADJUSTMENT CONTROL IN HYDRAULIC ABKANT PRESSES |
| NO905331L (en) * | 1990-01-30 | 1991-07-31 | Ireco Inc | Delay detonator. |
-
1968
- 1968-08-12 FR FR1576201D patent/FR1576201A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-08-14 BE BE719493D patent/BE719493A/xx unknown
- 1968-08-16 NO NO3227/68A patent/NO118428B/no unknown
- 1968-08-16 US US754115A patent/US3587467A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1968-08-16 GB GB39388/68A patent/GB1168419A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4299168A (en) * | 1980-03-20 | 1981-11-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Resistance after firing protected electric match |
| US4402776A (en) * | 1980-08-22 | 1983-09-06 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Silicon-containing compositions for self-sustained intermetallic reactions |
| US4429632A (en) | 1981-04-27 | 1984-02-07 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. | Delay detonator |
| US6841015B1 (en) | 2003-10-09 | 2005-01-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Delay element and ignition composition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE719493A (en) | 1969-01-16 |
| DE1646341A1 (en) | 1971-07-08 |
| NO118428B (en) | 1969-12-22 |
| GB1168419A (en) | 1969-10-22 |
| DE1646341B2 (en) | 1975-07-31 |
| FR1576201A (en) | 1969-07-25 |
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