US3585435A - Electric incandescent lamp - Google Patents
Electric incandescent lamp Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3585435A US3585435A US834099A US3585435DA US3585435A US 3585435 A US3585435 A US 3585435A US 834099 A US834099 A US 834099A US 3585435D A US3585435D A US 3585435DA US 3585435 A US3585435 A US 3585435A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lamp
- lifetime
- incandescent lamp
- tungsten
- electric incandescent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/52—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
- H01K1/54—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/52—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
- H01K1/54—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering
- H01K1/56—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering characterised by the material of the getter
Definitions
- the invention relates to an incandescent lamp including a tungsten filament body which contains a volatile compound as a reactive transport gas containing bromine and hydrogen and in which the distance from the filament body to the wall of the envelope is so proportioned that the temperature of the wall of the envelope throughout the surface is at least 300 C. during operation of the lamp.
- the gas mixture in the lamp must be free or substantially free from oxygen.
- the so-called water cycle occurs which causes an increased transport of tungsten to the wall of the envelope in the form of a volatile tungsten oxide.
- a double conversion may take place at the wall while forming a volatile tungsten bromide and water.
- the transport of tungsten oxide to the wall of the envelope may, however, become so great under unfavorable circumstances that the quantity ofhydrobromic acid available at the wall is insufficient to completely convert the tungsten oxide.
- the presence of oxygen can be neutralized at least at the beginning of the lifetime of the lamp by dosing bromine and hydrogen in the lamp fully or partly in the form of a alkylbromide.
- the compound decomposes into carbon and hydrobromic acid which, in turn decomposes into bromine and hydrogen in the vicinity of the filament.
- the deposited carbon reacts with the tungsten filament while forming tungsten carbide and with oxygen while forming an oxide of carbon. Yet, a water cycle appears to occur after some time in such a lamp.
- the reactive transport gas consists of tribromosilane (SiHBr).
- the invention is based on the recognition of the fact that tetrabromosilane (SiBn) is formed during the decomposition of bromosilanes containing hydrogen. Only when using tribromosilane it appears that upon the decomposition there is enough hydrogen and bromine available to maintain a cycle.
- the SiBr is volatile in the lamp and may function as a getter for oxygen and water vapor which are detrimental for the cycle; upon reaction with SiBr,, bromine or hydrobromic acid is formed.
- SiHBr is preferably used in such a quantity that the partial pressure thereof lies between L5 and 6 torr.
- the invention will further be described with reference to a few examples and two embodiments of lamps having a comparatively short lifetime, thus in which a great brightness and luminous flux are important matters.
- the physical lifetime of the filament body which is a function of the temperature and the mggration caused thereby of tungsten along the filament body mm the hottest areas to colder areas on the filament body, and the chemical lifetime of current supply wires and supports, which is dependent on the attack by bromine, are proportioned in such a manner that the lifetime of the lamp is equal to the lifetime of the filament body. This may be achieved by a correct choice of the geometry of the said metal parts.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a photolamp.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a projection lamp.
- the photolamp of FIG. 1 consists of an envelope 1 of quartz containing a tungsten spiral 2 as a filament body; supports are indicated by the reference numeral 3 and consist of a fiat wire spiral.
- the power output was l,000 watt
- the luminous flux was 32,000 lumen
- the efficiency was 32 lumen per watt
- the color temperature was 3,400 K.
- the lifetime was at least 15 hours in case of a gas filling up to a pressure of 700 torr from a mixture of 8 percent by volume of nitrogen, l 1 percent by volume of CHgBfz.
- the lifetime was at least 20 hours in case of a gas filling up to a pressure of 700 torr from a mixture of argon and Sil-lBr (partial pressure 3.4 torr).
- the projection lamp of FIG. 2 includes a filament spiral 5 of tungsten in an envelope 4 of quartz.
- the power output was watt
- the luminous flux was 5,000 lumen and the efficiency was 32 lumen per watt
- the color temperature was 3,400 K.
- the lifetime was at least 50 hours in case of a gas filling up to a pressure of 2.3 Atm from a mixture of argon and Cl-l,Br, (partial pressure between 10 and 12 torr).
- the lifetime was at least l00'hours in case of a filling up to a pressure of 5 Atm with a mixture of argon, nitrogen and SiHBr which contains 4 percent by volume of nitrogen and SiHBr, up to a partial pressure of 5.3 torr.
- Lamps according to example II and according to example I remained bright until the end of their life which was invariably reached by the burning through of the filament spiral in one of the hottest areas. Neither the lamps of the type of example I, nor the lamps of the type of example ll showed blackening due to deposition of silicon.
- a regenerative cycle electric incandescent lamp comprising an envelope, a tungsten filament body within said envelope, the distance from the filament body to the wall of the envelope being so proportioned that the temperature of the wall of the envelope throughout the surface is at least 300 C. during operation of the lamp, and a mixture of tribromosilane Sil-lBr and an inert gas filling said envelope.
Landscapes
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL6808844A NL6808844A (xx) | 1968-06-22 | 1968-06-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3585435A true US3585435A (en) | 1971-06-15 |
Family
ID=19803967
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US834099A Expired - Lifetime US3585435A (en) | 1968-06-22 | 1969-06-17 | Electric incandescent lamp |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3585435A (xx) |
AT (1) | AT285733B (xx) |
BE (1) | BE734958A (xx) |
BR (1) | BR6909963D0 (xx) |
CH (1) | CH496319A (xx) |
ES (1) | ES368599A1 (xx) |
FR (1) | FR2011478A1 (xx) |
GB (1) | GB1222326A (xx) |
NL (1) | NL6808844A (xx) |
NO (1) | NO120433B (xx) |
ZA (1) | ZA693595B (xx) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4027189A (en) * | 1973-11-01 | 1977-05-31 | Thorn Electrical Industries Limited | Tungsten halogen lamp |
DE2935606A1 (de) * | 1978-09-13 | 1980-03-27 | Philips Nv | Elektrische gluehlampe |
US4810221A (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1989-03-07 | Gte Products Corporation | Method for gettering incandescent lamps |
EP0328065A2 (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1989-08-16 | Gte Products Corporation | Improved getter for incandescent lamps |
US4898558A (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1990-02-06 | Gte Products Corporation | Getter for incandescent lamps |
US4923424A (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1990-05-08 | Gte Products Corporation | Incandescent lamps including a combined getter |
US4927398A (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1990-05-22 | Gte Products Corporation | Incandescent lamps including a combined getter |
EP0374345A2 (en) * | 1988-12-21 | 1990-06-27 | Gte Products Corporation | Incandescent lamps including a combined getter |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102018101974A1 (de) | 2018-01-30 | 2019-08-01 | Infrasolid Gmbh | Infrarotstrahlungsquelle |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3418512A (en) * | 1964-07-01 | 1968-12-24 | Philips Corp | Regenerative cycle electric incandescent lamp |
-
1968
- 1968-06-22 NL NL6808844A patent/NL6808844A/xx unknown
-
1969
- 1969-05-20 ZA ZA693595A patent/ZA693595B/xx unknown
- 1969-06-17 US US834099A patent/US3585435A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1969-06-19 CH CH940869A patent/CH496319A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-06-19 NO NO2535/69A patent/NO120433B/no unknown
- 1969-06-19 GB GB31021/69A patent/GB1222326A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-06-19 AT AT581169A patent/AT285733B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-06-19 BR BR209963/69A patent/BR6909963D0/pt unknown
- 1969-06-20 FR FR6920812A patent/FR2011478A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1969-06-20 ES ES368599A patent/ES368599A1/es not_active Expired
- 1969-06-20 BE BE734958D patent/BE734958A/xx unknown
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3418512A (en) * | 1964-07-01 | 1968-12-24 | Philips Corp | Regenerative cycle electric incandescent lamp |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4027189A (en) * | 1973-11-01 | 1977-05-31 | Thorn Electrical Industries Limited | Tungsten halogen lamp |
DE2935606A1 (de) * | 1978-09-13 | 1980-03-27 | Philips Nv | Elektrische gluehlampe |
US4810221A (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1989-03-07 | Gte Products Corporation | Method for gettering incandescent lamps |
EP0328065A2 (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1989-08-16 | Gte Products Corporation | Improved getter for incandescent lamps |
US4898558A (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1990-02-06 | Gte Products Corporation | Getter for incandescent lamps |
US4923424A (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1990-05-08 | Gte Products Corporation | Incandescent lamps including a combined getter |
US4927398A (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1990-05-22 | Gte Products Corporation | Incandescent lamps including a combined getter |
EP0328065A3 (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1991-04-17 | Gte Products Corporation | Improved getter for incandescent lamps |
EP0374345A2 (en) * | 1988-12-21 | 1990-06-27 | Gte Products Corporation | Incandescent lamps including a combined getter |
EP0374345A3 (en) * | 1988-12-21 | 1991-04-24 | Gte Products Corporation | Incandescent lamps including a combined getter |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES368599A1 (es) | 1971-05-01 |
NO120433B (xx) | 1970-10-19 |
DE1927967A1 (de) | 1970-01-02 |
NL6808844A (xx) | 1969-12-24 |
BR6909963D0 (pt) | 1973-01-02 |
BE734958A (xx) | 1969-12-22 |
AT285733B (de) | 1970-11-10 |
DE1927967B2 (de) | 1976-11-04 |
GB1222326A (en) | 1971-02-10 |
ZA693595B (en) | 1971-01-27 |
FR2011478A1 (xx) | 1970-02-27 |
CH496319A (de) | 1970-09-15 |
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