US3558192A

US3558192A - Shield for tunneling in unstable grounds

Info

Publication number: US3558192A
Application number: US751624A
Authority: US
Inventors: Vasily Pavlovich Shmakov; Vitaly Alexeevich Eremin; Semen Borisovich Kvasha; Natalia Grigorievna Kaganovich; Tatiana Nikolaevn Dobrenyakina; Viktor Nikolaevich Vanjushin; Petr Vasilievich Sakharov; Boris Pavlovich Voronov; Vasily Dementievich Polezhaev; Pavel Semenovich Smetankin; Evgeny Pavlovich Sobolev; Kazimir Stanislavov Yanchevsky; Mikhail Semenovich Grishin; Pavel Semenovich Burtsev; Pavel Alexeevich Chasovitin
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1968-08-09
Filing date: 1968-08-09
Publication date: 1971-01-26
Anticipated expiration: 1988-01-26

Abstract

A TUNNELING SHIELD COMPRISES A SKIN IN WHICH HORIZONTAL GIRDERS ARE RIGIDLY FIXED SUCH THAT THE GIRDERS DIVIDE THE SHIELD INTO DECKS. SLIDING PLATFORMS MOVABLE LONGITUDINALLY OF THE SKIN ARE PROVIDED FOR REDUCING THE GROUND RESISTANCE WHEN THE SHIELD IS FORCED THEREINTO AND FOR KEEPING THE GROUND TALUS FROM CRUMBLING. THE PLATFORMS ARE FORCED INTO THE GROUND SEPARATELY FROM THE SHIELD SKIN AND SUBSEQUENT TO EACH SHIELD CUT AND PIVOTAL SCRAPER CONVEYERS ARE MOUNTED ABOVE THE PLATFORM FOR REMOVAL OF EXCAVATED GROUND.

Description

1971 v. P. SHMAKOV AL ma ma SHIELD FOR TUNNELING IN UNSTABLE GROUNDS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 9, 1968 Jan. 26, 1971 v, SHMAKOV ET AL 355fl2 SHIELD FOR TUNNELING IN UNSTABLE GROUNDS Filed Aug. 9, 1968 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 United States Patent 3,558,192 SHIELD FOR TUNNELING IN UNSTABLE GROUNDS Vasily Pavlovich Shmakov, Ul. Marshala Birjuzova 26, kv. 22; Vitaly Alexeevich Eremin, Bagrationovsky proezd 2, kv. 48; Semen Borisovich Kvasha, Begovaya til. 38, kv. 36; Natalia Grigorievna Kaganovich, Ul. Myaskovskogo 16/8, kv. 17; Tatiana Nikolaevna Dobrenyakina, Leninsky prospekt 25, kv. 52; Viktor Nikolaevich Vanjushiu, Ul. Udaltsova 10, kv. 168; Petr Vasilievich Sakharov, Starozykovsky proezd 4, kv. 51; Boris Pavlovich Voronov, Naberezhnaya Maxima Gorkogo 4/22, kv. 170; Vasily Dementievich Polezhaev, Leningradsky prospekt 62, kv. 122; Pavel Semenovich Smetankin, Ul. Chkalova 24/30, kv. 20; Evgeny Pavlovich Sobolev, Ul. Chernyakhovskogo 6, kv. 41; Kazimir Stanislavovich Yanchevsky, Ul. Obraztsova 12, kv. 14; Mikhail Semenovich Grishin, Novokuznetskaya u]. 24, kv. 33; Pavel semenovich Burtsev, Bolshoi Chudov per. 8-a, kv. 64; and Pavel Alexeevich Chasovitin, Leningradsky prospekt 62, kv. 198, all of Moscow, U.S.S.R.

Filed Aug. 9, 1968,'Ser. No. 751,624 Int. Cl. E0lg 3/03 U.S. Cl. 299-33 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A tunneling shield comprises a skin in which horizontal girders are rigidly fixed such that the girders divide the shield into decks. Sliding platforms movable longitudinally of the skin are provided for reducing the ground resistance when the shield is forced thereinto and for keeping the ground talus from crumbling. The platforms are forced into the ground separately from the shield skin and subsequent to each shield cut and pivotal scraper conveyers are mounted above the platform for removal of excavated ground.

The present invention relates to a shield for tunneling in unstable ground.

There are known shields for tunneling in unstable ground by forcing the shield skin into the ground. These shields are provided with rigidly fixed transverse stiffening girders mounted in decks, thereby making it possible to keep unstable (loose) ground at an angle of natural slope.

A disadvantageous feature of the known shields is that the transverse girders increase the head resistance when driving the shield into the ground.

An object of the invention is to eliminate this disadvantage of the known shields.

Other objects of the invention are to insure the shield operation on curved portions of the route and at a local increase of the resistance of ground to cutting, to keep the face in proper condition throughout its whole width in compliance with the horizontal projection of the ground talus in its natural state, and to facilitate the cleaning of the tunnel head face of large inclusions.

In the accomplishment of these and other objects of the invention, the shield for tunneling in unstable ground is provided with sliding platforms mounted on transverse girders, said platforms being connected with power cylinders adapted for moving the platforms forward along the shield motion and for forcing them into the ground independently of the shield advance. The platforms keep the ground from crumbling and make it possible to place the transverse girders with a lag relative to the cutting edge of the shield skin. This permits sharp reduction of the ground resistance when forcing the shield thereinto.

In this case, it is more expedient that the power cylinders be positioned in telescopic guides whose movable members are connected by means of vertical hinges to the front portions of the platforms, while the power cylinders are hinged at one of their ends to the movable part of the telescopic guides and, by their other ends, to the transverse girders. This makes it possible to place the sliding platforms at a certain angle to the face plane when cutting a curved portion of the tunnel and to protect the shield from damage when the face ground is non-homogeneous.

To preserve the face unbroken throughout its whole width and to withdraw the ground along the whole outline of the ground talus, the decks of the shield are provided with scraper conveyers each of the latter being mounted for the possibility of making a complete turn in horizontal plane on a carriage travelling along the shield axis. This insures the excavation of ground talus in compliance with its horizontal projection as well as a free access to the face for cleaning it from possible large inclusions.

Given hereinbelow is the detailed description of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of the shield according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a view of the shield from the face thereof; and

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the top deck of the shield.

Fixed in the shield frame or skin 1 (FIGS. 1, 2 and 3) are transverse girders 2 bearing sliding platforms 3 provided in their front portions with cutting edges. Each platform is connected by hinges 4 with movable members 5 of telescopic guides 6 fixed to the transverse girders 2. Hinged inside the movable members 5 of the guides 6 are rods 7 of hydraulic cylinders 8. The hydraulic cylinders 8 are connected by hinges 9 to the transverse girders 2.

The transverse girders 2 are provided with openings 10 for removal of excavated ground.

Mounted above the girders are scraper conveyers 11 positioned on carriages 12 by means of hinges 17 to permit rotation of conveyers 11 in the horizontal plane.

The carriages 12 can travel along guides 13 parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shield and are connected with tie rods 14 and 14' adjustable in length. The free ends of the top deck tie rods 14 can be fixed to the guide 13, while the tie rods 14' of the next lower deck are coupled with the platforms 3. The slewing mechanisms (not shown in the drawings) of the carriages 12 make it possible to set the conveyers 11 at any angle to the face as well as to set them in compliance with the outline of the base of ground talus depending upon the physical and chemical properties of the ground in the face.

To direct excavated ground to the bottom of the shield, provision is made for chutes 15 arranged under the openings 10 of the transverse girders 2. The bottom of the shield accommodates a device for loading excavated ground into cars (not shown in the drawings). The shield houses hydraulic jacks 16.

The shield operates as follows.

The shield skin 1, thrust against the tunnel lining by means of the hydraulic jack 16, is forced into the ground. In this case, the platform 3 encountering the resistance of ground lag behind the cutting edges of the shield since there is no working pressure in the hydraulic cylinders 8 at the moment. After the shield reaches the present value of advance, it is stopped, and the platform 3 are forced into the ground by the hydraulic cylinders 8. Since the platforms 3 can rotate in the horizontal plane around 3 the hinges 4, the driving of tunnels on curves of small radius becomes easier and the shield can be protected from damage when the geological structure of the face is non-homogeneous.

Since the ground, depending on its composition and Water saturation, may have different angles of natural slope, the excavation of the ground is carried out in layers parallel to the surface of the ground talus. The apex of the angle of the ground talus in each deck, in the course of the excavation of ground must not get beyond the edge of the shield skin 1 or the platform 3. To this end, the tie rods 14 of the top deck are fixed on the guides 13. By adjusting the length of the

tie rods

14 and 14 taking into account the angle of natural slope, the carriages 12 and shield skin 1 are mutually positioned in the top deck, and the carriages 12 and platforms 3 in the next deck. The conveyors 11 are turned on the carriages 12, then set according to the curve of ground talus, and the power drive of the conveyers is switched The conveyers 11 of the top deck deliver excavated ground to the opening of the upper transverse girder 2, wherefrom it arrives at the opening 10 of the lower girder and, along with ground excavated by the shield face scraper conveyers 11 of the middle deck, the excavated ground flows through the chute 15 towards the lower deck onto a loading device. As the ground is excavated, the shield and then the platforms 3 are moved ahead. The shield advances while the conveyers 11 operate, which considerably lowers the resistance of the ground. When there are large inclusions in the face ground, e.g. boulders, the

rods

14 or 14 are disconnected and the conveyers 11 are rolled back along the guides 12, thereby providing free access to the face for the removal of the boulders.

After cleaning the face, the conveyors 11 are set into the operating position, and the tie rods 14 or 14' are secured in place.

What is claimed is:

1. A shield for tunneling in unstable grounds comprising: a skin; jacks mounted in said skin for forcing said skin into a face in the ground in steps; transverse girders fixed in said skin and dividing the same at the face into decks; sliding platforms positioned on said transverse girders for travel longitudinally of the direction of skin advance; and means connected with said sliding platforms to move the platforms forward in the direction of skin advance and to force the platforms into the ground of the face, independently of the progress of the skin and subsequent to each step of advance thereof.

2. A shield according to claim 1 wherein the means to move the platforms forward comprises hydraulic power cylinders connected to said platforms, telescopic guides coupled to and receiving said cylinders, said guides including movable parts and vertically hinged joints connecting said movable parts with said platforms.

3. A shield according to claim 1 comprising face end scraper conveyors above each girder, a carriage for each conveyor displaceable longitudinally of the skin, and means connecting each of the scraper conveyors to the associated carriage for rotation about a vertical axis.

4. A shield according to claim 3 wherein said girders are provided with openings which are positioned with respect to the scraper conveyers for downward transport of excavated ground fed to the openings by the scraper conveyers.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,372,553 3/1968 Samokov et a1. 61-85 FOREIGN PATENTS 1,205,576 11/1965 Germany 299-33 1,222,527 8/1966 Germany 299-33 6509,733 l/1966 Netherlands 61-85 ERNEST R. PURSER, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 61-85