US3543414A - Gas treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Gas treatment apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3543414A
US3543414A US794676*A US3543414DA US3543414A US 3543414 A US3543414 A US 3543414A US 3543414D A US3543414D A US 3543414DA US 3543414 A US3543414 A US 3543414A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sole
constituted
channel bar
treatment gas
fragmented
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Expired - Lifetime
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US794676*A
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English (en)
Inventor
Claude Gomarin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tunzini Ameliorair SA
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Tunzini Ameliorair SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
    • F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
    • F26B3/092—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating
    • F26B3/0923—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating by mechanical means, e.g. vibrated plate, stirrer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/16—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with particles being subjected to vibrations or pulsations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
    • F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
    • F26B3/082—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed arrangements of devices for distributing fluidising gas, e.g. grids, nozzles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus for the treatment, by a gaskcalled hereafter treatment gas-of a fragmented material, that is to say of a material divided into solid constituent parts, of determined average dimensions, called hereafter fragments
  • apparatus comprises, firstly, a treatment enclosure having a bottom-called hereafter Solal-disposed at least approximatively horizontally, and constituted by a wall having a multiplicity of réelles distributed over practically all of its surface, the material to be treated resting on this sole, secondly, feed means for generating a flow of treatment gas, which flow is brought below the sole and is characterized by a owrate and a pressure such that the treatment gas is distributed by the sole into the midst of the fragmented material with a speed-called hereafter fluidization speedcapable of causing and maintaining the fluidization of the fragmented material resting on this sole, and thirdly, motor means for subjecting the sole to
  • This invention is concerned more particularly, but not exclusively, with apparatus of this type in lwhich the treatment of the fragmented material consists of a drying by a hot treatment gas or of a cooling by a cold treatment gas.
  • a dimension is generally adopted, for the smallest dimension of the orifices of the sole, which is greater than the average dimension of the fragments of the material to be treated, in order to avoid the risk of clogging of these orifices by exceptional fragments having dimensions smaller than the average dimension, or by parts of broken fragments, or by dust.
  • the sole which is subjected to mechanical vibrations, has a tendency to behave like a sieve, and that a part of the material being treated is lost since it passes below the sole.
  • a conventional sole constituted by a perforated sheet of thickness e and subjected to vibrations of amplitude A moves vertically through a distance 2A which, in apparatus known hitherto, is considerably greater than the thickness e of the perforated sheet constituting the sole.
  • this same fragment will not have substantially changed its absolute position, but it will then be located below the sole in a region where it is subjected to an aerodynamic force directed towards the top which is smaller than its weight, this fragment being accordingly irremediably lost since it fall towards the lower part of the apparatus under its own weight.
  • the lower perforated sheet-in contact with the hot treatment gasis brought to a higher temperature than the temperature of the upper perforated sheet-in contact with the material to be dried.
  • the lower perforated sheet-in contact with the cold treatment gas- is brought to a lower temperature than the temperature of the upper perforated sheetin contact with the material to be cooled.
  • An object of this invention is to provide apparatus of the type in question which fulfills the requirements of practice, and in particular which mitigates the disadvantage constituted by the sieve effect, and whose sole can be subjected to differences of temperature between the lower face and the upper face without undergoing large deformations.
  • each of the charcoals comprised by the sole is constituted by the upper opening of a conduit which extends down from the level of the sole and whose axial length L, counted between its upper opening and its lower opening, is at least equal to, and preferably slightly greater than, the distance 2A which separates the lower extreme position and the upper extreme position that the sole occupies alternately under the effect of the mechanical vibrations to which the sole is subjected, these conduits being disposed, with respect to the level of the sole, so as to be in contact with the treatment gas along practically all their exterior wall.
  • the invention comprises, apart from this principal feature, certain other features which are preferably used at the same time, and which will be more explicitly described hereafter.
  • FIG. l of these drawings, is a schematic cross-section of an apparatus established according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show in detail a part of the sole of an apparatus according to the invention, this sole lbeing shown in its lower extreme position in FIG. 2 and in its upper extreme position in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-section on a larger scale of a part of the sole of an apparatus according to the invention, this sole being established according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective View of an element of the sole shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show respectively, in the same conditions as FIG. 4, two modifications of another embodiment of the sole of an apparatus according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8 shows, still in the same conditions as in FIG. 4, still another embodiment of the sole of an apparatus according to the invention.
  • such apparatus comprises:
  • a treatment enclosure 1 having a sole 2 constituted by a wall having a multiplicity of orifices 3 distributed over practically all of its surface, the material to be treated M resting on this sole 2 which is disposed horizontally, approximatively at least,
  • Feed means 4 for generating a ow of treatment gas, which flow is brought, after having been previously heated by heating means 5, below the sole 2, this flow being characterized by a fiow-rate and a pressure such that the treatment gas is distributed by the sole 2 into the midst of the fragmented material M with a speed of fiuidization, that is to say a speed capable of causing and maintaining the fluidization of the fragmented material M resting on this sole 2, and i Motor means 6 for subjecting the sole 2 to mechanical fvibrations in the vertical direction and whose frequency and amplitude are such that they hinder the agglomeration of several fragments of the material M among themselves to form an agglomerate greater in mass and in volume than the initial fragments, such an agglomerate being apt to hinder the fluidization partially or totally, and consequently, to stop the treatment partially or totally.
  • the fragmented material M thus fluidized behaves as a fluid, and this material can thus be introduced through an introduction spout 7 at one of the ends of the sole 2 and can flow out, in the direction indicated by the arrow D, over a sill 8, preferably adjustable, disposed at the other end of the sole 2.
  • each of the orifices 3 comprised by the sole 2 is constituted by the upper opening of a conduit 9 which extends down from the level of the sole 2 and whose axial length L, counted between its upper opening and its lower opening, is at least equal to, and preferably slightly greater than, the distance 2A which separates the lower extreme position and the upper extreme position that the sole 2 occupies alternately under the effect of the mechanical vibrations to which this sole 2 is subjected, these conduits 9 being disposed with respect to the level of the sole 2 so as to be in contact with the treatment gas along practically all their exterior wall.
  • each conduit 9, whose upper opening constitutes one of the orifices 3 comprised by the sole 2 is constituted by the adjacent faces of two channel bars 11 of upside down U cross-section, the sole 2 being th-us constituted by a plurality of channel bars 11 disposed parallel to each other with a pitch S.
  • This pitch S is equal to the sum of the separation n existing between each channel bar 11 and of the Width r of each channel bar 11.
  • the separation n which constitutes the smallest dimension of the orifice 3, is determined as a function of the average dimension of the fragments of the material to be treated.
  • the ratio n/s which is equal to the ratio between the cross-section for the passage of the treatment gas through the sole 2 and the total cross-section of the sole 2, is determined as a function of the speed of fluidization of the fragmented material M to be treated.
  • the channel bars 11 are oriented perpendicular to the direction D along which the fiuidized fragmented material M fiows.
  • each channel bar 11 is extended towards the bottom respectively by two extensions 12 bent towards the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the channel bar 11 considered, such extensions 12 contributing towards increasing the rigidity of each channel bar 11 and favouring the fiow of the treatment gas ⁇ from below the sole 2 into the conduits 9.
  • the sole 2 can then be constituted by a succession of channel bars 11, inserted, either individually, or by prefabricated groups of channel bars, into two horizontal slideways 13, each channel bar 11 being provided with distance pieces 14 fixing its separation n.
  • each channel bar 11 in the region where these two ends cooperate with the two horizontal slideways 13, with added members interconnecting the two wings of the channel bar 11 along an axial length corresponding to the depth of the horizontal slideways 13.
  • added members 15 can advantageously be constituted by a section of channel bar identical to the channel bar 11 and spot welded on the external face of one of the wings and on the internal face of the other Wing of the channel bar 11.
  • this material can be reinjected into the treatment enclosure 1, on condition that this material has remained in fragmented form.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 can be used, which has precisely for its object the avoidance of the accumulation of fragmented material M in the lower part of the apparatus during periods of non-operation of the apparatus.
  • one of the two wings of each channel bar 11, always the same Wing, is extended towards the bottom by one branch of a right angled extension 16 whose other branch extends horizontally at least as far as the level of the wing of the adjacent channel bar 11, which wing is not provided with such an extension.
  • the vertical dimension of this extension 1-6 is such that the height h of the passage defined by the upper face of the horizontal branch of the extension 16 and by the lower end of the wing of the adjacent channel bar 11 is sufficiently small so that the speed of the treatment gas in this passage causes the blowing of the particles of ⁇ fragmented material M which can have accumulated on this upper face vertically in line with each orifice 3, during periods of non-operation of the apparatus.
  • the blowing can be caused by a speed practically equal to the speed of the treatment gas in the conduit 9.
  • the height h can be equal, approximately at least, to the separation n between two adjacent channel bars 11.
  • this horizontal branch extends beyond the wing of the adjacent channel bar 11 by a value t which depends on the form taken by the flank of the heap constituted by the particles of fragmented' material M accumulated on the upper face of the horizontal branch of the extension 16. If it is considered, which is generally the case, that the flank of the heap is inclined at 45, the value of t must be equal to and preferably slightly greater than the value of h.
  • the extension 16 is provided on the wings of the channel bars 11 which are remote from the region of the introduction of the treatment gas under the sole 2. Such a disposition creates a large pressure drop which can improve the distribution of the treatment gas below the sole 2, in particular in the case of a low speed of fluidization.
  • the extension 16 is provided on the wings of the channel bars 11 which are near to the region of the introduction of the treatment gas under the sole 2. Such a disposition decreases the pressure drops.
  • 'Ihe horizontal branch of the extension 16 can advantageously comprise a part in the form of a deflector 17, bent towards the bottom, favouring the passage of the treatment gas into the sole 2.
  • each conduit 9, whose upper opening constitutes one of the orifices 3 comprised by the sole 2 is constituted by a tube 18, advantageously of circular cross-section.
  • the sole 2 is then constituted by a sheet 19 provided with holes 20 of diameter equal to the exterior diameter of the tubes 18, each of these tubes 18 being inserted in this sheet 19.
  • each of these tubes 18, which constitutes the smallest dimension of the orifice 3 is determined as a function of the average dimension of the fragments of the material to be treated.
  • the number of orifices 3, which conditions the ratio between the cross-section for the passage of the treatment gas through the sole 2 and the total cross-section of the sole 2, is determined as a function of the speed of fluidization of the fragmented material M to be treated.
  • the holes 20 provided in the sheet 19 are disposed in quincunx.
  • connection elements 21 rigidly secured to a series of aligned tubes 18, such connection elements 21 contributing towards increasing the rigidity of the sole 2.
  • An apparatus for the drying of a fragmented material has a certain number of advantages of which the principal ones are summarized by the following points:
  • Apparatus for the treatment by a gas of a fragmented material comprising:
  • a treatment enclosure having a sole disposed at least approximatively horizontally and constituted by a wall having a multiplicity of orifices distributed over practically all of its surface, whereby the material to be treated can rest on this sole;
  • motor means for subjecting the sole to mechanical vibrations in the vertical direction so as to hinder the agglomeration of several fragments of the material among themselves to form an agglomerate greater in mass and in volume than the initial fragments, such an agglomerate being apt to hinder the fluidization at least partially, and consequently, to stop the treatment at least partially;
  • each of said orifices comprised by the sole is constituted by the upper opening of a conduit which extends down from the level of the sole and whose axial length, counted between its upper opening and its lower opening, is at least equal to the distance which separates the lower extreme and upper extreme positions that the sole occupies alternately under the effect of the mechanical vibrations to which said sole is subjected, these conduits being disposed with respect to the level of the sole so as to be in contact with the treatment gas along practically all their exterior Wall.
  • each conduit whose upper opening constitutes one of the orifices comprised by the sole is constituted by the adjacent faces of two channel bars of upside down U cross-section, the sole being thus constituted by a plurality of channel bars disposed parallel to each other.
  • Apparatus according to claim 3 including introduction means for introducing the fragmented material at one end of the sole and outlet means for the outlet of the fragmented material at the other end of the sole, whereby the fluidized fragmented material flows from the introduction means towards the outlet means, wherein the channel bars are oriented perpendicular to the direction along which the uidized fragmented material flows.
  • said added members are constituted by a section of channel bar identical to the channel bar whose two wings it is interconnecting, said section of channel bar being spot welded on the external face of one of the wings and on the internal face of the other wing of the channel bar whose two Wings it is interconnecting.
  • Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the eX- tensions are respectively provided on the channel bar wings that are remote from the region of the introduction of the treatment gas under the sole.
  • each conduit whose upper opening constitutes one of the orifices comprised by the sole is constituted by a tube, the sole being constituted by a sheet provided with holes of diameter equal to the exterior diameter of the tubes which are then inserted in this sheet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
US794676*A 1968-02-13 1969-01-28 Gas treatment apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3543414A (en)

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FR139724 1968-02-13

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US (1) US3543414A (de)
DE (1) DE6905710U (de)
ES (1) ES363900A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1564658A (de)
GB (1) GB1260389A (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3805403A (en) * 1971-07-26 1974-04-23 Escher Wyss Ltd Adjusting arrangement for a fluidised bed device
US4000563A (en) * 1974-02-16 1977-01-04 Usm Corporation Apparatus for drying or cooling particulate material with a gas
US4222749A (en) * 1977-02-23 1980-09-16 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Removing particles from a particle-containing fluid
US4305210A (en) * 1976-12-01 1981-12-15 A/S Niro Atomizer Apparatus for processing a powdered or particulate product
US4367598A (en) * 1979-06-25 1983-01-11 Waagner-Biro Aktiengesellschaft Thermal treatment apparatus for bulk material
US4571326A (en) * 1982-10-04 1986-02-18 Institut Francais Du Petrole Process and device for hydroconversion of hydrocarbons
US5014632A (en) * 1988-08-16 1991-05-14 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Distributor plate in a fluidized bed reactor
US5211106A (en) * 1991-05-22 1993-05-18 Oscar Mayer Foods Corporation Apparatus and method for cooking casingless shaped food products
US5279046A (en) * 1990-10-19 1994-01-18 Stork Protecon B.V. Apparatus for conditioning divided or particulate material
CN106196956A (zh) * 2016-07-21 2016-12-07 柳州合科技有限公司 一种电磁加热式谷物干燥装置

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2162083B (en) * 1984-07-27 1988-09-07 Coal Ind Improvements in or relating to fluidised bed apparatus

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2715565A (en) * 1951-06-26 1955-08-16 Dorr Co Reactor furnaces
US2850808A (en) * 1956-07-02 1958-09-09 Cons Coal Company Grid structure for fluidized solids contacting apparatus
US2876557A (en) * 1955-06-23 1959-03-10 Ducatteau Francis Apparatus for treatment of grains of cereals
US2934411A (en) * 1957-09-30 1960-04-26 Universal Oil Prod Co Distributing grid
US3173768A (en) * 1960-06-24 1965-03-16 Werkspoor Nv Vibratory apparatus for treating granular material
US3254428A (en) * 1962-06-29 1966-06-07 Bates James Gordon Apparatus for use in drying casein or like products

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2715565A (en) * 1951-06-26 1955-08-16 Dorr Co Reactor furnaces
US2876557A (en) * 1955-06-23 1959-03-10 Ducatteau Francis Apparatus for treatment of grains of cereals
US2850808A (en) * 1956-07-02 1958-09-09 Cons Coal Company Grid structure for fluidized solids contacting apparatus
US2934411A (en) * 1957-09-30 1960-04-26 Universal Oil Prod Co Distributing grid
US3173768A (en) * 1960-06-24 1965-03-16 Werkspoor Nv Vibratory apparatus for treating granular material
US3254428A (en) * 1962-06-29 1966-06-07 Bates James Gordon Apparatus for use in drying casein or like products

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3805403A (en) * 1971-07-26 1974-04-23 Escher Wyss Ltd Adjusting arrangement for a fluidised bed device
US4000563A (en) * 1974-02-16 1977-01-04 Usm Corporation Apparatus for drying or cooling particulate material with a gas
US4305210A (en) * 1976-12-01 1981-12-15 A/S Niro Atomizer Apparatus for processing a powdered or particulate product
US4222749A (en) * 1977-02-23 1980-09-16 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Removing particles from a particle-containing fluid
US4367598A (en) * 1979-06-25 1983-01-11 Waagner-Biro Aktiengesellschaft Thermal treatment apparatus for bulk material
US4571326A (en) * 1982-10-04 1986-02-18 Institut Francais Du Petrole Process and device for hydroconversion of hydrocarbons
US5014632A (en) * 1988-08-16 1991-05-14 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Distributor plate in a fluidized bed reactor
US5279046A (en) * 1990-10-19 1994-01-18 Stork Protecon B.V. Apparatus for conditioning divided or particulate material
US5211106A (en) * 1991-05-22 1993-05-18 Oscar Mayer Foods Corporation Apparatus and method for cooking casingless shaped food products
CN106196956A (zh) * 2016-07-21 2016-12-07 柳州合科技有限公司 一种电磁加热式谷物干燥装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1564658A (de) 1969-04-25
DE6905710U (de) 1971-02-18
GB1260389A (en) 1972-01-19
ES363900A1 (es) 1970-12-16

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